On the Relations Between England and Rome

R I LIST OF BOOKS TO W HICH REFE ENCE S MADE .

i bbatum Ril . R ll i . Alban S . Gesta a ( ey) o s Ser es ’ ma . A i . C i in i i z . . G lber c hron con , Le bn t s Script rer er n

H . Luard . Rolls i . Annales Monastici ( . R ) Ser es

l ed . M i. Ba uzii Miscellanea. ans i l m was Bouquet ; Recueil de s historiens de la France xxx. (Th s vo u e ' ’ edi d b E i l I e d it d m l. te y r a , but have cit un er Bouquet s na e as usua )

ri Uni . Parisiensis. Bulae us ; Histo c. v ’ Bulletin du comité historique des monuments écrits sur l histoire de

11 . 1860 France, (Par. )

l Ri d Re istrum rioratus omn. m x D li . But er, char , g p Sanctoru ju ta ub n

D hl. 1845 u .

D d l Mo nasticon An li m ed . nov. ug a e , g canu ( )

. vol. D un elm ensis Hi stories scriptores tres (Surt. Soc ’ u is a . Eccleston de adventu minorum in Brewer s Mon ments. Franc can

(Rolls Series) . ’ E liensis monachi Hi storia E liensis (Wharton s Anglia Sacra) .

m Ch i de M . R ll i Evesha , ron con ( acray) o s Ser es .

Finchale Re istrum rioratus de . Soc. vol. , g p (Surt. d di i Foedera I . R . , ecor e t on

M m i l of albran oc ol. 42 . in W . n . S . v Fou ta s abbey, e or a s ( ) Surt l m C l of H . R l s s iae . i m i Glouce tr , S Petr , onaster u , hartu ary ( art) o i Ser es .

G A h i R i e R i . . . vol. 56 . ray rc b shop, eg st r of ( a ne) Surt Soc

G re orii Decretalja . An tv g IX. ( . m n re stanes R of in the Dunel e sis Hi storiee Scri tores s . G y , obert ( p tre ) H R G R i i lae . . Luard . R . rosseteste obert , Ep sto ( ) olls Series

H dd and C ili x. a an Stubbs, onc a,

- m d i H ill d Br holles Hi i di i II . u ar é , stor a plo atica Fre er c

Mami ue A n l C i Lu d . 1642 q , n a es isterc enses ( g

m . R L rd . Matthte i Parisiensis Ch i H . ua R ll i ron ca ajora ( ) o s Ser es,

1 3 . vol 4 is in the . vols . . press

M x Ch i l d . R ll i . eau , ron c e of (Bon ) o s Ser es

M m Fran i . R . onu enta c scans. (Brewer) olls Series

M . Anti uitates I li a uratori q ta c . — a . Re est Pon iﬁ 1 3 Potth st g a t cum 198 1 04 . ’ P ss i i - re utti. z i i on Po tthast s k Osserva on Storico cr t che boo . Rom .

1874 .

l l n R l i . Ra ph of Coggesha l (Steve son) . o ls Ser es

A l l i i i . Raynaldi . nna es Ecc es ast c Hi oc R o f d C x En . S . oger W en over ( o e) . g st.

R n d Hi l o f H III . ol. 1 a v h . oyal storica Letters enry , (S irley) Rolls

Series. i il i m iberianum Sp c eg u L . (Flor.

Thein er M m Hibernorum et Scotorum is i m illustrantia , onu enta h tor a . Rom 1864 . .

W lki s Concili i n a.

W C I LI ST OF BOOKS TO HI CH REFEREN E S MADE .

A G abbatum Ri . R l . lbani S . esta ( ley) ol s Series ’ A C i z s . . G ma . lberic . hron con, in Leibnit Script rer er n

i i H Luard . R l . Annalee Monast c ( . R. ) o ls Series

l ll ed . M . Ba uzii Misce anea. ansi m w as Bouquet ; Recueil des historiens d e la France xxx . (This volu e ' ’ e di d b E al I d it d m . te y ri , but have cite un er Bouquet s na e as usual )

siensis. Balasua ; Historia Univ. Pari ’ Bulletin du comité historique des monuments écrits sur l histoire d e

11 . Par. France, (

l d Re istrum rioratus omn. m x D li . But er, Richar , g p Sanctoru ju ta ub n

D ubl. 1845 .

D d Monasticon An i m ed. . ug ale, gl canu ( nov )

s i t i ore s r c. vol. Dun elm ensi H s or w script tres (Su t. So ’ Eccleston de adventu minorum in Brewer s Monumenta Franciscana .

(Rolls Series) . ’ E liensis monachi Hi storic. Eliensis (Wharton s Anglia Sacra) .

m Ch i de M . R . Evesha , ron con ( acray) olls Series

Fin chale R i a m rioratus de . . vol. , eg str p (Surt. Soc Foedera 1 R d d , . ecor e ition. M m albran W . . vol. 42 . Fountains abbey, e orials of ( ) Surt Soc. m C l aa . m H . Roll Gloucestri , S Petri, onasteriu , hartu ary of ( art) s e i S r es. R i R i a . ol. . G A h . Soc. v 56 ray rchb s op, eg ster of ( ine) Surt

e D ret lia. Antv Gr gorii IX. ec a ( . m n Gre stanes R r of in the Dunel e sis H ies Scri to es . y , obe t ( istor p r tres)

R rt i lae H . R . Luard . l Grosseteste obe , Episto ( ) Ro ls Series .

H dd and C x. a an Stubbs, oncilia,

- H d m i i H i l d réholles d II . u l ar B , istoria iplo atica Fre er c

Mauri ue An C c Lu d. 1642 q , nales ister ienses ( g m r M ha Parisiensis C i H. R. Lua d . R l i att i hron ca ajora ( ) ol s Ser es,

l . 1 3 . vol 4 is in the . vo s . press

M x Chr i l d . R l . eau , on c e of (Bon ) ol s Series M m Franci onu enta scans, (Brewer) . Rolls Series .

M . Anti uitates I licae uratori q ta . — a . R s Pontiﬁcum 11 8 13 Potth st egest 9 04 . ’ - Pressutti . z i ri o i i Potthast s k o Osserva ion Sto c cr t che on boo . R m .

1874 .

h R . Ralph of Cogges all (Stevenson) . olls Series '

Ra di An l i . ynal . na es Ecclesiastic Hi R d C x En . oger of Wen over ( o e) . g st. Soc.

R and H H III . vol. 1 i oyal istorical Letters of enry , (Sh rley) . Rolls i Ser es. iberi um Spicilegium L an . (Flor.

Theiner M m Hibern orum et Scotorum s i m illustrantia , onu enta hi tor a . m 1864 Ro . .

W lk n C c lia i i s on i .

ON THE

RELATION S BETWEEN EN GLAN D AN D ROME

DURING THE EARL IE R PORT ION

II OF THE REIGN OF HENRY I .

I PR OPOSE in the following page s to give some account of the Object; and 1 relation s betwe en the Church o f England and the Court of $33?t E s R m say' ﬁ of of I I I . o e during the rst twenty years the reign Henry , m y object being to bring together, and as far as is possible separately from the general history of the church and the

r R m or count y, the acts done by the Court of o e either directly

r — in ma by its agents, du ing those years order that it y be seen n u of R m what the actual i ﬂ ence o e in this country was, and _ ho w it was ex ercised at a tim e when the Papal power w as i i l nearly at its height, and wh le nothing l ke what can be cal ed e in an It l s a strong govern m ent ex ist d Engl d. is perhaps need es to ad d that it can be only by seein g what were the acts of the Popes in England that we can trace what were the real adv an tages and what the weaknesses of the connex ion with Rome and thence ascertain what were the real causes of the disruption

u d ru t w was in the six teenth cent ry ; a is p ion hich, if it certain m of the -of to tak e place at so e period history England, need not o f necessity have been of the character that it eventually not t r d tw o received, need herefore have a raye the chief portions r m r i m i in of W estern Ch istendo , as it we e, in host le ca ps, njur g ’ and impairin g one another s us efulness to the ex tent that has A nd at i I been so unhappily the case . the outset, wh le have no Sympathy with writers w ho would dwell with especial rever l ence on those who are described as materially aiding the blessed work of riveting more tightly the happy chains which

1 ’ il rid 84 i S . W . . Faber s L f e of f , p R ELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E .

’ ” I l e x press my held England to St Peter s chair, wou d equally s i feeling as to the sadness of ou r present condition of i olat on , m h and that I thoroughly realiz e the truth of the re ark t at has ’ m ad m been recently e, that nothing can be ore fatuous than to endeavour to bring abou t the unity of the churches by

n of m m o f ignori g the chief the , the great other church the ” W est. There can be n o worse error than to judge one age by the

one m ideas prevalent in another . To judge any age fairly, we ust k w fﬁ l w no what its standards were , what its peculiar di cu ties , hat m m eans it had of escaping from them . Of no age is this ore true — than of the thir teenth century and to judge it by the ideas which

x were rife in the si teenth or nineteenth centuries, will only lead h m m of to opeless confusion, and to a co plete isunderstanding what m were its trials and its dangers, and how its chief actors bore the m m I m of selves a ong the . do not ean to say that the actors any

’ one period of the world s history are not responsible for the ideas o r theories by which they allow them sel ves to be inﬂuenced or

of n governed . But it is the duty the historian to ascertai , as far

m a ho w im as y be, far it has been possible for a generation to

prove its own ideas , to create a higher standard for itself than that i c on it — wh ch its prede essor has handed to , certainly not to judge it and condem n its gre atest m inds for not entertain ing theories

m u d and hi had which ca e into vog e long afterwar s, w ch they then

h not — in ul been broac ed would have been understood, reality wo d

s m al e not have been uitable to earlier ti es . One such especi th ory “ ” ational N u . is that of National Ch rches Such an idea, however suited to churches. t m our u r i f m m of a i e like own, was tte ly al en ro the ind Europe in m the iddle ages. Nations them selves were not so clearly marked

m a n as they beca e afterwards . The large continent l possessio s of the English kings would prevent anything like the idea of Eng land being separated from or having little interest in the rest of

Europe . The theory of the R oman em pire would tend to bind all

of n of the nations the conti ent Europe together. A nd this tended m to keep away the sense of isolation fro the Church of England. A John of Salisbury is m ade Bishop of Chartres without there being any thought of unﬁtness in on e w ho had spent his life in

d of n A Englan being put over the diocese a foreig country. ‘ W m o f i illia Coutances, after be ng Bishop of Lincoln, goes back to m d A s R Nor an y, and dies as rchbi hop of ouen .

1 “ Union R evi ew ol V . xm 4 . . p . 85 . R A I W G A D AN D R M EL T ONS BET EEN EN L N O E.

‘ I n r of he ry O theo y, and especially in the infancy society, the union g g f o f u o ne mm d s u reggc all ch rches under co on hea , and that head inde g y of m pendent all, ust b e allowed to be the perfect ideal for which we should look when Christianity be canre the acknowledged

of 1 religion the world . A great modern historian has remark ed “ one m of h that great te poral characteristic Christianity is, t at it connected m ankind by higher and m ore universal ties than those o f I t m en nationality. taught of every race and language that religion ought to bin d them together by ties which no political

t o and prejudices ought have strength to sever, thus revealed how the progress of hum an civ ilisation is practically connected with ” the observance of the divine precepts of Christ . Nations that

have lost sight of this have corru pted Christianity in various ways .

W R m the o f r ith the o an Court itself, losing sight its eal function as the central authori ty of Christendom led to the endeavour to m ake use of the ecclesiastical systems of other countries for its — o w n advantage and increase of power and wealth g with England

m o ne m t t the reaction , fro what at ti e was a protec ion, but at las

m x beca e a tyranny, led to an e ultation in its isolation, and a forgetfulness of that bond which never can be really entirely

i ni all of Cru ciﬁed one broken, wh ch u tes still the followers the in

society.

I have selected this period o f English ecclesiastical history for Re asons for the sele ction ex am rnatron l n thrs respect because rt was the trm e when the of this r g I f its hei ht power of the Popes in England was at g , in consequence lihéigli E mory ' o f the signal services which had been rendered to the cause of good order and peace in England by the power and inﬂuence

R m e m of o e, and b cause the arrange ent between the English nation and the R oman Cou rt seemed ﬁx ed o n a steady and perma

n the m m ent basis . Moreover ti e was one of co parative peace in n w E gland, and as the country was less than usually occupied ith

m o f d m foreign wars and sche es foreign aggran ise ent, there was m ore opportunity for the internal progress of society, and greater d m m k . freedo for the Church to carry out her wor Besi es, fro the age of the great charter m ay be dated the beginning o f so many of m ou r institutions, of so uch that has inﬂuence over us even at the

1 ’ der 0 thoman a nd Venetian D omina tion . 160 . Finlay s Greece un , p 2 f in in the i u w l o It was a very di ferent th g prev ous cent ry, hen papa prote d m m and a l in imi d i bu tion has been descri be as an e pty na e, p pa t at on a g ” “ the m cki m Gir aldus Cambrensis in s r Ro bear. See o ng epigra of cen u as

’

4 . i ntiﬁcis s Gira lda s I . . 37 man po , Brewer , p RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E .

n It m t oo n s n prese t day . is a ti e whe we po sess fuller accou ts of r t the events that concern this count y, both wi hin the country itself and in its foreign relations - when our annalists and histo rians are perhaps more copious than at any period before the — ‘ ’ invention of printin g when also from the R egesta of the Popes and the letters of o u r o w n sovereign and ecclesiastics so many

m r f l ar incidental cir cu stances are prese ved, which o ten give a c e er insight into the state of things exis ting than the fuller pages

is is a r u of professed historian s . Th indeed the c se th o ghout the

n x n is in whole of the thirteenth century. The e t ce tury s gularly

barren in this respect in com paris on with its predecessor. For

is no t m s e though the c ause evident, the great onastic hou es ceas d 2 r and Tro elow e and W al in m a to carry on thei annals , k s gha re tu s po or substi tes for W endover and Pari . ggﬁlmﬂgf Before ente rin g into the details of the ecclesiast ical hi story of a r}: of of n II I is m n to r ge the reign He ry , it i porta t have befo e us the in c w as of condition which the ountry left at the death John, and

mat on of o n n the esti i the Papal auth rity the in Engla d and France, as thus only can it be seen how the power then ex ercised was

w r c se for obtained, what e e the au s why so long a period a ready a m remarked how sub ission was given to it . Mr Brewer has the m “ transcende nt of I I II in Ha genius nnocent . is conspicuous not only the changes which he wrought in the whole system of European

1 ’ I must express my acknowledgment for Mr Potthast s splendi d collection

of . in hi I i d his din in these S ce t s essay was begun, have rece ve conclu g part, m of hi e mi ssi n ar s o s e c i d . th e . e l r n in the A which any re t ﬁe , g ette s give p ’ endi x the r ol m of i le R o a l L e tters h h s ill n p to ﬁ st v u e Sh r y s y , though e a st eg l l in th k i H e h in r d ected severa e boo tself . as also t o uced the letters for the mi hi he k to sk b Pre sutti I l x in o ssion of w ch was ta en ta y s . cannot he p e press g ’ a wish that he had corrected some of the extraordinary blunders of Pressutti s d due th I x c e l ri e . . . 5 1 e tra ts , no oubt to ta ian sc bes ; g p . Comiti Guarencasi Warrenne H d e Bm lo m ni is . 68 O e c ( ) , uberto p emi p op o In spite, of ddi i s he has l d m E however, these a t on neg ecte any nglish works in which he ld ha un d ddi l or ll of : e Ar h wou ve fo a tional etters bu s the Pope . 9 . c ’ G R e is te di d b M r Rai the bishop ray s g r, e te y ne for the Surtees Society, Histo ies D unelnw-ns is S cri tores tres in th e m the . G C r r p sa e series , loucester ha tular di d b Mr Ha t the R l i &c H the y e te y r for o ls ser es , . e has only used H di Fwde ra and h i ague e tion of the , so as m ssed several documents in the ’ new edition : nor has he used Haddan and Stubbs new edition of the Con cilia in i he ld h n d mo , wh ch wou ave fou re than one documentwhich ought to in hi i be s collect on . 9 m m k in See y re ar s the preface to the fourth volum e of the Annalee

Monastici . , p lv. 3 Gir l dus r. lx a iii . Preface to , p . v R E A I W G A D A N D L T ONS BET EEN EN L N ROME.

m in politics, but still ore his successful m astery of all opposition from contemporary He found Christianity in a i i e rm na i m ﬂu d, ndet i te state, w th a tendency to glo erate round

ff v e A t di erent centres and revol e in indep ndent orbits . his death he left the pa pacy the sole acknowledged centre towards which all states gravitated as the law of their ex istence and what perhaps

w as m iff i d ore d cult to achieve, he roote his conviction for cen

tu ries in of m en m or the hearts , however opposite their oral ” t m a in m v e nce intellectual charac ers . How true this is y be seen any ﬁf fﬁe 0 o f the i i m m e n m n Papal ow e r ablest wr ters of the t e, a ong those who are know p h t r h o f igeilthgéxnz as opponents of the c ief abuses the papal powers in England. my . A m m ma m re arkable speci en y be quoted fro a letter, written

to A m de on apparently the Pope by da Marisco, the occasion of ’ I II s m . A Henry . assu ing the cross fter quoting several passages m m w t m fro the Old Testa ent Scriptures, i h that arvellous knowledge o f the te x t of the Bible whi ch the writers of the thirte enth century

“ had m D x 12 10 , and applying the to the Papacy (as eut . vii. , Jer, i . , A n c xi . o r h x i Esther ( po ) ii he goes , refe ring to St Jo n x . , “ di ' A. cce t eﬂicacia m disci u li huc non ediocris, quod p naviga

et D m a arebat ucund s in bant o inus pp in littore, quodque j u erat

S ciens u e D m m corpore redivivo . q Petrus quia o inus est, in are

m t liis i r v ni n i e I m a e e e t bus . se isit, sic venit ad psu , nav gio p

m m sin ularis ontiﬁcii v os Ne pe signu insigne g p Petri, cui in inte

m successistis navim m ut caeteri m gru , quod non una quique sua ,

ul m m u e it ube rnandum o m a c m sed saec u ipsu s sc p g . Mare t tu s e ulu ” eccle sise est ; naves, .

i the e of r Th s sense, that car the whole wo ld was entrusted to

who e m of the Popes, that all refused to acknowledg the pri acy S . ’ Peter s chair and submit were in direct opposition to the word of

Go d t o o C r and the p lity which h ist had left on earth , is the key

o note to the conduct of the Popes, at this, the highest p int of

A nd find In e io their power and influence . we do not that those who f r r ‘ ’ m held aloof and refused to sub it were in any way the gainers . gitfiéittho The historian of the Byzantine empire has rem arked how much 23? ? n ledge m d t W w as m m the con i ion of the estern nations i proving at this ti e, m m W hile the G reek s remained without i pro ve ent. The hatred they entertained for the nations which acknowledged the papal supremacy le d them to reject many of the reform s that were being 2 carried out in the W est. The consequence was that the arbi

1 iscana 4 i lw M numenta r anc . 1 . A dw d e M a r sco Ep isto ( o F ) , p 9 9 ’ 4 i l B z t n an G eek E m ires u . . 8 5 . F n ay s y an i e d r p , p 6 R ELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLA ND AN D ROM E.

n m s was x w ithout a y t ra ry power o f the Byz antine e peror e ercised civil or ecclesiastical The Papal Church was at thi s d m in a time often actively engaged in defending free o , est blishing m a machinery for of restrainin g the abuses of the te I n poral power o f princes . short, the Papal Church was then the m ” m ‘ great teacher o f social and political refor . The sa e writer , m a G in in his account of the condition of edi eval reece, speaking of the great increase of the papal power during the 11th and 12th o f W centuries, says, The authority the Popes, in estern Europe, w as based on the ﬁrm est foundation on w hich power can rest : it b t he l was supported y public opinion, for both aity and the clergy regarded them as the only impartial dispensers o f justice on

o f m s earth, as the antagonists feudal oppression, and the cha pion ” o f the people against royal tyranny. How this power was brought to bear upon the condition of

England in the year 12 16 must be ou r nex t consideration . There can be no doubt that the preservation of the Planta genet line on l ri the throne of Eng and, and the defeat of the p nce, chosen by o f of A so large a portion the barons , Louis , the son Philip ugustus, R m m were entirely due to the inﬂuence of o e . The i mediate m w as t a n l agent e ployed by the Pope the lega e, C rdi a Gualo or 8 “ G man n r as uala, a who has bee very unfairly desc ibed a feeble

m an m to m avaricious , who see s have plundered without sha e, and ” t m to to have intrigued wi hout success . Far fro this, he appears have seen with great acuteness the immediate steps to be taken at

m f u a ti e when a alse step wo ld have lost all . Thus he saw that the ﬁrst thing to be done was to have the young king crowned ; G as and this was done at loucester, h tily, with as many spiritual m m “ and te poral peers as could be ustered for the occasion . The king w a s compelled to s w ear that he wo uld give peace and rever

an o f ence to the church, to take oath good governm ent to the o f m to R m people, and ho age the o an Church and the Pope, and that he would pay the tribute which John had undertaken to pay

” u R m ann ally to the o an see . The legate then renewed the se a

1 ' i l M ediwva l nd G eece a T ebizond . 6 F n ay s r r , p 7 . 9 i e Ro a l etters I . xix I do not m ok Sh rl y, y L , . p . ean to deny that Guala to o f his own i the m im i n care nterests at sa e t e . Par s speaks of the vast amou t f m o tre asure he anaged to secur e before his departure from England : with of it he ilt the An d V r part bu church of St rea at ercelli . Guala seems the co c m his m — t l in hi re t for of na e a east s epitaph at St Andrea he is styled Car ’ G la dinali s M H and - boo k or N o th I ta l ua ( urray s f r y) . 3 - W d . 1 3 en over, p . A B N A D D M 7 REL TIONS ETWEE ENGL N AN RO E.

m tence o f ex co munication against Louis . He soon after saw that the struggle w ould be decided at Lincoln and after urging l W m mm n t -H he illia Marshal to su o the cas e ans for its relief, went 2 ’ hi m l x o f m f the there se f, e posed the injustice Louis clai be ore

m x mm n n whole ar y, and after repeating the e co u ication agai st

l r m Louis and his fo lowe s , absolved and blessed the royal ar y, and 8 w as with the young king when W illiam Marshal brought the

o f m et i w the i news his victory . He then Louis at Sta nes ith k ng

mar t ms and the shal, and was the chief agen in arranging the ter

the w I t of peace hich followed . is clear with what interest the II I struggle was watched at R ome there are letters of . _ Honorius “ of granting the legate full powers against the adherents Louis, s A of B ourd e a ux n him and also to the rchbishop , directi g to protect English interes ts there at this time ; and at the same time the 6 Pope wrote to Philip A ugustus to induce him to persua de his m " son to give up the contest . There is a re arkable letter of

G e n in 124 5 t is r Bishop rosseteste, writt ( hat nearly thirty yea s f II I to h in a s o . r t after the cces ion Henry the t rone), which,in w i ’

to I IV. ing P. nnocent , he gives an account of the king s devotion R m to the Pope and to the o an Church . The king speaks of his

m v c w at deter ination to preser e the rights of his ro n intact, and the same time ex presses in the s trongest language his ﬁdelity and

v hi s t de otion to the Pope as spiritual fa her, and to the holy ” R man m To m a s o Church as his spiritual other ; the , he dd , l w m h in wi l e ﬁr ly ad ere, both prosperity and adversity 5 on the

hi to an o day when we do not do t s , we consent lose eye r even our head Go d forbid that anything separate us from devotion to m our spiritual f ather and other. For besides all the reas ons w ff u s in mm hich a ect co on with other Christian princes, we are above all others bound to the church by an especial reason for ’ our l e just after father s death, while stil of t nder age, our kingdom a m m being not only alien ted fro us, but even in ar s against us,

m R m n o o ur other the o a Church, thr ugh the agency of Cardinal

G al in m t be u o, the legate England, recovered this kingdo o at _ and s pea ce with us ubject to us, consecrated and crowned us king, in d m and raised us to the throne of the k g o .

I t would be a great error to suppose either that the object nl otives of tiij Ro man R m x on of the o an Court in thus ﬁ ing the young Plantagenet See.

1 2 1 3 nd IV . 18. I d . W . . 9 . I d . Iv . . 26 . W e over, . p p p 4 5 52 . x 611 . rl I 2 i l Ro a l Letters 1. . 7 t x x. . 5 9 . Sh r ey , y , p Bouque , Shi ey, 6 7 r 2 . E isto lae R eteste cx n . i l . 5 . G oss v 338 9 . . Sh r ey, p r , p RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND A N D ROME .

to l f m gn the throne of England, was deliver Eng and ro a forei

' or yoke, that the barons were not true to their country when ’ I II U n u mis I n . they invited Louis over. ntil Joh s s b sion, n ocent

' A had prepared the strongest measures again st him . fter he 1 ’ at t o i had declared John s deposition, he wrote once Ph lip

r o ut m A ugus tus to car y the sentence, a essage brought to the French king by the A rchbishop of Canterbury and the Bishops f ’ o London and Ely, and placed all who should aid in John s n Pandu lf overt hr o w in the condition of cr usaders . He eve sent into France to stir up the matter. He evidently by this only ” m s intended to force John into sub is ion, as he had privately given to Pandulf a form of submis sion whi ch he w as ready A nd w mi to accept from him. hen John did sub t, he at once a m. directed Pand ulf to bid Philip desist fro the invasion, an announcem ent which naturally provoked his anger, as he said he had spent upwa rds o f o n his ex pedition against

d r the mm n of Englan , unde taken as it was at co a d the Pope, ‘ a nd . W for the forgivenes s of his sins . endover indeed tells us that Philip would have disobeyed the Pope and carr ied ou t

of n his intention invading Engla d, had not Ferrand, Count ‘5 of s i him r Flander , refused to jo n . Philip in a fu y swore that

a rs u d or s r his Fl nde sho l be France, France Flander , and pou ed troops into Flanders . The Count naturally looked for aid w h to John , and the French defeat at the Seine followed, hic

m in — a s a forced Philip to return ho e disgrace, di gr ce, however,

’ x ohn mi fully avenged the ne t year at Bouvines . J s sub ssion made it a point both of honour and of interest to the Pope to

him R m d its support . o e woul forfeit character as the protector o f n if to o n m ations, it failed receive the penitent his sub ission the Pope would have no chance in ever receiving the guaranteed b n w tri ute, if another ki g were to reign who as bound by no m had t such pro ises, and at ained his position not only without an m R m y aid fro o e, but in actual deﬁance of the Papal e u

Ou e r and the oth h , we should be wrong in attributing

m t o w ho a in h unpatriotic otives the barons c lled Louis . T eir h t n feeling was, t a Joh had absolutely forfeited the crown. 6 I n m L s t o the e bassy sent by oui the Pope, his ambassadors

1 2 3 R . W d e m . 2 41. Id . 111 . 242 . I d m en ov r, . . 256 . 4 5 5 W M . Par . 11 548 . R d — . . 111 3 att en over, . 73 378 . G A A R ELATIONS BETWEEN EN L ND ND ROM E .

“ assert that John was condemned to death by the judgment of his peers in the court of the French king for the murder of his nephew A rthur ; and on the Pope objecting that John was an anointed king and could not be judged by barons his m . in hi s ow n inferiors, they pointed out that kingdo the French r — t king had ju isdiction over all his lieges, tha John was duke n him his i and count u der as his liege lord, and that be ng an 1 a i ot is has nointed k ng elsewhere did n alter this . Par a curious

’ i to h m t add tion this, t at John would have sub i ted to Philip s r m t ibunal , if he could have got a safe cond uct fro Philip ; but

of u that, Philip naturally saying that his power ret rning in

m ai u t to . safety ust depend on the res l of the trial, he was afr d go

. e d The Pope then insist d that even were John rightly depose , his so n should succeed : the ambassadors replied that in the

of d t hi s case any one a judged to dea h , sons born before the s e not ent nce had a right to succeed, but those born since . This seem s to have been allowed as a valid argument ; but the Pope ’ d u r the x a- still enied Lo is s ight as ne t heir. He claimed the Et33g the as of a of i d cro wn English crown the husband Bl nche Cast le, aughter o f A lienora I of II . if A n I I . , second daughter Henry , w e of lfo so f o . out m Castile But, as the Pope pointed to the a bassadors, ’ to sa of m of A t y nothing the clai s rthur s sister, O ho, who

of I I. was the son of Matilda, the eldest daughter Henry by

of x ul m t o Henry the Lion, duke Sa ony, wo d have a prior clai

c A lienora the hildren of ; and even of these, there were

of a l Beren e ra A IX . the king C sti e, and g , wife of lfonso , 9 ’ é i . m a king of L on, the elder s ster of Blanche The a bass dors ’ ’ e reply to this was , that the brother s or sist r s children have

to if or v n no right succeed, the brother sister were not li i g when the sentence was issued ; this would cut out A r

’ thur s sister (A lienora of Britanny) and Otho ; and as to the brother and sister of Blanche (the king of Castile and queen

1 M 1 58 the w ll-k n li of H 1 . 6 . r att. Par. Pa is quotes e now ne orace

E . I . 1 ( p , 9 I Henry I .

' hr e ohn M lda lHenr Duk Ah enora LAlf onso Geo . J III y . ati y e . x C i of Sa ony. of ast le. Ali n s e or Henry III . Britann of y.

k . of. C il , . of é ast e q L on. M . 10 R ELATI ON S BETW EEN EN GLAND AN D R O E

m Leon m m of ) ; they ade no clai , and therefore their clai “ w as . , passes on to the nex t heir, who Louis Therefore they “ d m go on to say, the lord Louis enters the king o of England A n d w as his own . if one nearer to the crown than he ishes l in m to object upon this, the lord Louis wi l do the atter what ” T he m of is right . Pope then stated that the kingdo Eng m m land w as his own (suu propriu ), and that therefore Louis ha d no right to m a ke war upon it 5 he was answered that war m m ’ had been declared before the kingdo had beco e the Pope s.

A n d to any objections that John had taken the cross , and so t was under the especial protec ion of the church, they replied that Louis had be en attacked by J o hn before he assumed the

cross, that he had been grievously injured by John, and that k If d John had refused to ma e peace . the barons of Englan and

x mm a f all their partisans were e co unicate , this did not f ect Louis,

w as m m who not so uch helping the as pursuing his own right, and the Pope could not know what was the nature of this right at the time when the ex com mun ication of the barons w as issued

’ and to the Pope s remark on this that both Philip and Louis had treat ed John as king after the sentence pronounced against him c m by the barons of Fran e, the a bassadors denied that they

d so him d had one , but had styled a eposed king, just as a deposed

abbat or any one else . I have m entioned this in order to show how entirely each of the opposing parties considered they were acting in a legal

a nd ho w i x i l bm t way, both were to a certa n e tent w l ing to su i

m o f R m a the ~ ultimate in to the judg ent the o n See, as appeal w i w n all causes bet een k ng and people, or bet ee nation and n n i ation . That there was any feeling in England agai st Lou s i as a foreigner is very improbable ; he would be as much ak n

' he l of i t I I . w ho to Eng ish nobles as the son Henry , had los

Normandy ; and the continua-l absence of the Plantagenet kings

m — R for i fro England during their reigns ( ichard I . nstance spent only nine m onths of his whole reign in England)— would tend to make the people generally indifferent as to which of t wo such persons was their king . The opportune death of John was what saved the Plantagenet line 5 the young king had at

a m m no me n le st co itted cri s, had bee no party to the arrangement

ed o w n w o by which John had p reserv his cro n , w uld have no personal w rongs to avenge from those who had taken a promin en t d m n — part in i i ishing the royal po w er and so would be acceptable

RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROM E .

16 First ea/r o Hon rius I II . A D . 2 . . 1 y f o

1 Acts of the 2 5 r t G a his t July . The Pope w i es to ual , announcing elec ion ' him r o ut his dutie s as e in as Pope, and bids ca ry legat England,

and stimulate the king (John) to free: the Holy Land. (Potthast, 2 56 16 ) ” A u m n g . He bids the legate to ake enquiries respecti g the of election and the elect to the See Hereford, to which John had If ﬁn s the ts a i refused his assent. he d election in all respec s t s i in his factory, he is to nduce the k g to give assent ; if not,

he is to provide for the chur ch by another canonical election.

(P. 8 H the A of x and . e Sept 16. writes to rchbishop Bourdeau ' his s uﬁragans to bid all that ow e f ealty to the king of England m arm to hasten to England to his aid, and to e ploy the secular

i . against all w ho should attack h m . (P ‘ 2 1 ﬁ m r e n n Sept. . He con r s to Sava y de Maul o the la ds him m i to G ff which John had given , for erly belong ng eo rey

a in f . M ndeville and R eg ald o Cornhill. (P s H A of D to 2 8. e Sept . writes to the rchbishop ublin, allow him to collect into one place the monks who are scatte red without

d ff e l in his . iscipline in di erent c l s province (P. e 30 He G m Sept . . bids uala play his part anfully and pru ‘ dentl u m d malitiam et circumsonan tium t urbinem y, Sec ndu iei ” ’ t e m estatum m t on p , and to act oderately and cau iously John s

f. behal (P . 7 . 2 6. A of R m n R n Oct The rchbishops hei s, Se s, and oue are directed to denounce as ex communicate I ngelra m de Coucy for in n citing Louis agai st John . (P. G " uala holds a council at Bristol , at which 11 Bishops of n W a th f E gland and les, and o er in erior prelates, besides the a m f e rls, barons, and knights there, are co pelled to s wear ealty

1 1 3 Pressutti . 28 Id 31 x x 611 , p . . p . . Bouquet, . . 4 5 Pressutti . 2 . 3 Theiner M on H ib 2 . N o 3 . , p , . . . 6 XIX. 612 . Bouquet, 7 I d . 613 . In elram de C l b nd g oucy was eft y Louis as his Viceroy in Engla , when he went to France for assistance just before the siege o f Dover (Dun

a l A l nna l. M onast . I I I . . Th le st b e nna s , A p e annali st calls him a nob man in d i W e ﬁnd , but want g iscret on. him afterwards in alliance with

H I II . and wa th n o f C m enry at r with e Cou ts ha pagne and Flanders (Matt.

. m . His d h m i d Alex a d II of Par aug ter arr e n er . Scotland. 3 W l An s An . na l M onast. n . 286 aver ey nal . . RELATI ONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROME.

in of n to the young k g. The whole W ales put u der an interdict because it held with the barons . ‘ D e c 1 to . . The Pope endeavours recall the English barons to t in m heir allegiance, urg g that all colour is taken away fro l i now is are to the rebe l on that John dead , that they bound

n t o an to e him retur their allegi ce H nry, whose age proves son innocent, it being utterly unjust that the should pay the ’ of f penalty the ather s crime . (P. ’ D e . to c 3 . Guala is directed watch over the young children of t of k n m John, and the interes s the i gdo , and to announce that the oaths taken by the barons to Louis were unlawful, and there not fore to be kept. (P . 3 D ec m m ex 3 . W . The Earl of Pe broke ( illia Marshal) is horted to n n ri t conti ue faithful to the ki g. This is also w t en

r e of Ar n W a e to Sava y de Maul on, the Earls u del and rrenn , and e d Hub rt e Burgh. (P. ‘ D ec . 3 e of is r to re . The chapt r York requi ed resto the ’ of ram m to of church B ha the prior and canons S . Oswald s, N o t ll s . e . (P 5 Dec 6 abbats x x . . The of Citeau and Clairvau are directed to go to Philip king of France and to ex hort him to pardon the ’ i of m to nfant sons John their father s cri es, and restrain Louis

m m in a n . fro ak g war g ai s t them. (P 8 “ f l D e c . o N oste l . The prior and canons are allowed,

s of i to a in o f when the par ons the r churches die, pl ce each the

r f one m i said churches three o four o their brethren, of who s to of be presented to the Bishop, to have the cure souls . Probably about this time was w ritt en the kind letter to the young king preserved by Matthew Pa-ris (but placed by him

12 18 111 . a n of ff for under the year , . p spe ki g his a ection him x i him to a w m and God , e hort ng dvance in isdo the fear of , and impressing on him especial reverence for the church and e n wi in her minist rs . Hopi g that he ll govern his people peace

1 i b r m m l d in B n l Pressutti This is g ven y Potthast f o a uti ate copy ay a di . h i in M states that he as t entire S . (p. 9 i is al d b m Ra naldi is m i d b This, wh ch so quote y Potthast fro y , ent one y

1 r in his M SS . It l the is Pressutti (p . 5 ) as existing enti e was sent a so to B hop W the A of D li u d x and Pressutti of inchester, rchbishops ub n , Bo r eau others ( , p. 3 4 5 616. Pressutti . 5 1. Id. . 50 . xx . , p p Bouquet, 5 ’ Nostell ch la ed in A h G Re ister . Soc. artu ry, quot rchbis op ray s g (Surt i" 56) p. n. 14 R ELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D R OME .

him careful and honest and opulence, the Pope advises to secure 5 406 him . friends who m ay faithfully advise (Potthast , who places it betw een A ugust a nd D ecember . ) ’ 2 m ‘ n w D ec. 2 3 . The agree ent respecti g Berengaria s do ry is ' m d A s uﬁra ans conﬁr e , and the rchbishop of Tours and his g are 2 5 7 18 directed to protect her. (P . ,

12 17 . A . D .

3 bbat s of 2 . a Jan . The Cirencester and other places are dir ected to enquire into certain evil and lux urious customs that have sprung up i n Llanthony abbey. (P. “ ’ d N ostell 1 . . Jan . 3 The prior of S Oswal s, , is forbidden to receive any one as canon or to dispose of any ecclesiastical beneﬁces without the consent of the chapter. (P . 5 f 16 . o Jan . The Bishops London and Chichester are to ’ cause the arrangement respecting Berengaria s dowry to be observed . (P. 1 A " h ’ 6. Jan . grant to the prior and brethren of S . Jo n s

m u m Jerusale in Clerkenwell , that if any prelates ref se to ad it their

m i beneﬁce s m a no inees to the r undoubted , they y convert the proﬁts

of r o w n . the churches to thei use . (P ’ A o f D x r x Jan . 17 . The rchbishop ublin is e ho ted to e cite I ’ r ﬁ those of the rish who were on Henry s side to greate delity, and to endeavour to bring back all who had fallen away from im h . . (P 8

1 . Jan . 7 The Bishops of W inchester and Chichester and the legate Guala are directed to restrain all w ho hinder the carry

out of n ing the will of ki g John . (P . 9 . 17 Jan . Full powers are given to the legate against all ’ e ccle siastick s o f e adhering to Louis, and disp nsing with crusaders w u t vows and ith oaths taken to Lo is . The legate is o supply all the vacant cathedrals and abbeys with persons faithful to the

n o f R m ki g and to the see o e . He is even directed to give his to ﬁ i ﬁt attention nd ng a wife for the young Henry. (P. ” . W m o f u Jan illia , king Scotland, is rged to return to

1 Pressutti , p . 59 . 2 ’ i d the of m of l William Berengar a s owry was cause a great a ount troub e . M ar h l m i in l H II h d e of s a ent ons a etter to enry I . that t e country was in ang r an n di if is i w as not i in the i l Ro a l etters i ter ct sat fact on g ven case (Sh r ey , y L , 3 4 1 . P s i re sutt . 59. Pr essut i 4 , p t , p . 6 . 5 6 I d . 65 7 p . . I d . The in er M K 5. , on . ibera . 2 . No. 8 9 Pressutti . 6 , p 7 . i l 2 . R o a l L etters I . 5 7 Sh r ey , y , 1° xix 624 Bouquet, . . R A I W G A D AN D R M EL T ONS BET EEN EN L N O E .

to A ost oli 1 1 his fealty Henry and his devotion to the ck See . p 26263 3130

m r t to w f apacy. The sa e is w it en Lle ellyn, the barons o the cinque P

of ports, and several the chief English nobles . (P . 1 The A rchbishop of Bourdeaux is directed to protect the in ter e sts m I of Henry and his other sabella in those parts . (P . 2 . 19 . of x Jan The Bishops Chichester, Bath and E eter are

x b e I . e hort d to protect the queen sa ella (P . 9 m 8 . W mm Jan 1 . illia Marshal is co ended for his con s tanc i x d y to the young k ng, and is e horte to persevere. The

m to of sa e letter is sent several the barons . (P . 4 2 0. Po e to . I Jan. The p writes Q sabella to condole with ’ on n t her her husband s death, and takes her i to his protec ion .

(P . 6

2 0 . Jan . The Pope writes a second letter to the young king, him ’ consoling for his father s death, hoping that he will succeed him t o A ost olick and out in his devotion the p See, carry his ’ x hi father s crusadin g vow. He especially e horts m to shew him self faithful to the R oman church and obedient to the com m ands of Guala . (P . H 6 f ’ 1 e t o . A 7 . March writes to the abba (elect) S ugustine s, u o n Canterb ry , the question as to whether he should be blessed o by the Ar chbishop without the profession f obedience . (P . ’ 19 G is r d to t of March . . uala di ecte enquire into the pe ition

D of A o the ean and Chapter the Church of Salisbury, that the p st olick see would provide for the unhealthiness o f the cathedral h close , w ich is dangerous for the canons and clerks. (P. 8 2 2 A r March . The chbishop and Chapter of York are ordered

t E rmu nd of to induct in o a vacant prebend , a clerk and relative

A lebrandini D . , Cardinal eacon of S Eustachio otherwise he is to

x be inducted by the Bishop of E eter and the legate . (P. 9 l i A x A pri 2 1. Ph lip ugustus is e horted to recall his son “ m his x fro e pedition against Henry, who is described as Christi ” m u illum e t or hanum a o st olicae derelictum cohae red e . , p p p p sedis

(P. 10 A l 2 1 o f G pri . The prior and convent reat Malvern and all their

of property are taken under the protection S . Peter . (P . “ A l 2 2 of G a nd of pri . The prior lastonbury another (canons

1 2 ir R o a l L etters 1 . . 52 9 . Pressutti . 68 . Sh ley, y , p , p 3 2 4 Pressutti 6 5 xxx 2 xxx 6 5 . 9. . 6 6 Bouquet , . . , p Bouquet, . 5 7 5 i I d I d . 100 . Pressutt , p . 96 . . . p 9 1° 11 11 2 Pressutti . I d . 112 hirl Ro a l etters 1 5 9 . 1 . . S ey , y L , . , p p ' M 16 RELATI ONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AN D RO E.

mm n to o . , Ex eter) are ordered induct a subdeac n, M de Su a i to a

i n . prebend formerly held by an I tal a . (P 1 A of D u x t o April 29 . The rchbishop blin is e horted take P measures to bring about peace and to aid the kin g. ( . 2 m as D m n r May 2 . The on tery of urha is take unde the

and has n papal protection, various privileges gra ted to it.

(P . 3 4 Th of A Pitindunum May . e Churches cle (Pitt

in ton Brar kistin x Hede in ham n g ) , g (Bran ton) , and y g (Heighingto ), D m conﬁrm ed to the prior and convent of urha . (P. 4 n abbats of di e to May 6. Certai Norwich diocese are rect d

of . Ar o of n . inquire into the conduct P chdeac n Lincol (P. 5 12 D m m s May . The prior and chapter of urha are ad oni hed m i of not to let their church re a n longer destitute a pastor.

(P. 6 13 one n May . No is to co struct a church or oratory within the limits of paris hes belongin g to the prior and convent of D m urha without their consent. " 1 G to i di July . The legate uala is directed g ve ligent care

of . for the queen England (P . ” nf m h e ri July 8. The legate is i or ed t at the Pop has w tten to the English Bishops and Prelates to pay to the legate an aid for of m to the wants the kingdo . The question is also discussed as whether the earl of Chester should be appointed as a colleague

W l m l now t h f as to i lia Marsha , feeling e weight o his years, the ’ n you g king s governor. ( P . 13 G " July . uala is direct ed to remove the canons of Carlisle,

who m r are regular only in na e, and to put in thei places those who R m would be faithful to Henry and the o an Church. (P .

S econd ear o Honor i I II y f us .

A u . 9 . w A c g He rites to r hbishop Gray of York, begging

1 Theiner M on ib 4 H ern . . . . . Pre sutti . 115 , No 7 s , p . 3 I d 116 . r . p . These chu ches are still in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of D m urha .

Pressutti . 117 . I d th A , p cannot i entify e rchdeacon . 5 i 11 t i Pre ssutt . 8 . l d r o 6 . , p On h s vacancy see be ow, un e N v. (p 0 H ist . D wn lm. S ri t s t e c ore res . . . A endix . iii p (Surt Soc ) pp 1. p lxv . 7 Pressutti 12 , p . 8. 8 i l R o a l L etters I . . 532 . Pressutti 1 e Sh r ey, y , p , p . 30, mentions this lett r, has i l m k ts but ent re y ista en i drift. 9 1° ’ c lera x. 147 . A s G R e is , ter . 129. rchbi hop ray s g (Surt Soc. p . R A I W EN G A D AND R ME “ EL T ONS BET E EN L N O ,

him o n R od rid of s of a to confer a prebend , clerk the Bi hop Osti , my}; lithe A a G X I . [Hugo , Count of nagni , afterw rds P. regory ] 1 . 6 . a n to A G n Nov He writes gai rchbishop ray , approvi g his

a conduct, which had been attacked by cert in of his rivals, in the dis

of t of posal the patronage vacant by the dea h of Morgan, provost

m n of I an so I . Beverley, illegiti ate Henry who had been Bishop of D m I elect urha , but whose election had been quashed by nno ’ I I I at cent . John s instance. (P. This was not a very l of creditab e transaction as we hear it. Morgan was the son of n m R l Henry I I . by the wif e of a certai knight na ed a ph Bloet

his brother John was unwilling to acknowledge t he relationship. ’ W hen he went to Rome to obtain I nnocent s co nﬁrmation of his

e ff to c ﬁ m h m el ction, the Pope o ered on r it, if he would call i self

ni k n A ns the son of the k ght and not of the i g . fter taking cou el

his d o with clerk he refused to this , and the Pope quashed the ” election . m 6 in 9 Of this sa e date (Nov. ) there is an teresting letter to the m o f n w Pope in the na e the you g king, probably ritten by

W m x i his illia Marshal, e press ng gratitude for the assistance he had in to the x im received being raised throne, and e cusing h self

non - m nt of of 1000 m for the pay e the annual tribute arks . The reasons he gives are the heavy paym ent he had to make to Louis th m of and of m by e ter s the peace, the necessity the pay ent of ’ “ on i the i m d Berengaria s dowry , wh ch Pope had h self insiste .

r no ' of n fo r im The e is idea repudiati g the debt, but he asks t e, ex pressing at the same time his acknowledgement for the pru t G l m m t dence wi h which ua a had anaged atters , and also tha the

m d o country is generally co ing roun t its allegiance .

12 18 . A . D .

5 13 II I . and on . t c Jan . The peace be ween Henry Louis is m d ﬁr e . (P .

1 ' W albran M emo ia ls o ounta ins A bbe 1 . . Ar i G , r f F y , p chb shop ray s

Register , p . 2 3 . . ir l Ro a l Gra stanes 1 etters 1 6 . Robert of y , cap Sh ey, y L , . p . 4 The payment of her dowry and her general protection form the subject of several of the letters of Honorins ; the payment to Louis seems to have f used up all th e ready money in the country . There is a letter o John issued r m D iz a de a I ki n ari to x the non- m f o ev es (F r , . as ng Bere g a e cuse pay ent of her d all his ad m i S on the i owry , re y oney hav ng been pent resisting invas on o f E n d b i glan y Lou s . 5 Fazdera x . 14 . , . p 9

L . M RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D R O E .

1 his Feb. 6 . A rchbishop Gray is forbidden to carry cross erect

W ithin the province of Canterbury. ? 2 8 A o f D m the Feb . . The rchbishop ublin is infor ed that

- affair of the elections to the sees of A rdfert and Killaloe has been referred to certain com missioners . (P . k ’ A e n. pril . Berengaria is ta en under the Pope s prot ctio 5 5 3 (P. 7 , 3 A 2 . e pril 0 . The privilege granted to Savary de Maul on by

s m . John to coin m oney in his o wn lands i conﬁr ed (P . 4 ’ 15 The of . G t May . churches S John s, las onbury, and of m to r o of G n East Pennard, are conﬁr ed the p ior and c nvent lasto bury . (P . 5 May 17 The composition between the Bishop of Bath and

of G r m the convent lastonbury is conﬁ ed, the union between the

of G i m churches Bath and lastonbury be ng dissolved, and the onas t er of G to o wn y lastonbury is in future be under its abbat.

(P. 6 m 6 June . Si on Langt on is forbidden to return to England

e o f of R m without the especial l ave the see o e . (P . Lang ton had been deprived of his bene ﬁce and forced to go to Rome by 7 G b for m n d uala for cele rating Louis and the barons . He re ai e 8 m R m as ﬁnd in him for s G r IX . o e years at o e , we rego y referr g to

of R l of of the character alph Nevi le, Bishop Chichester, elect m R m Canterbury, when the Canterbury onks went to o e to have 9 ﬁrm had i m his election con ed . He h self been elected to the see of Y w n ork, but the election was quashed 3 he as afterwards reco m A 1227 ciled with the king, and ade rchdeacon of Canterbury in ,

r of A . just befo e the death the illustrious rchbishop, his brother ' 10 25 o f ms June . The Bishop Ferns is directed to come to ter

W m a ca s d with illia Marsh l, in a use respecting certain land hear

the A s of D before rchbi hop ublin . A similar letter was also written to W illiam Marshal and to A i of D . 5 846 the rchb shop ublin . (P , “ R ichard Marsh was made Bishop of D u rham thr ough the f ﬂ o G 24. in uence the legate uala . He was consecrated on July

1 ’ 9 A i G R e is ter 131 T o 11. . . heiner M on. Hiba a . 5 . N . rchb shop ray s g , p , r 3 M 4 1 r i Anti . I ta l . 82 2 . 9 . D d l M onasticon I . 30 NO. u ator , q v ug a e , , , 5 W ilki Con ll I 6 e . 569. 32. , . i l R o a l et ers 1. 5 ns Sh r ey , y L t , 7 3 R . W d I 2 3 V. 3 8 . , , I d . xv . 2 28 Par III . 207 en over . Matt. . D An l A l l nna M onast . I unstab e na s, . II . 51 . 1° Th i r 11 e ne M on. Hit em . 6 . N o . 12 , . R . W xv. 46. endover,

20 R ELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E .

l x x v of Vo . I . . p ) thinks that this letter was sent in consequence - ’ Ar chbishop Langtom s having endeavoured to counte ract the lega tine authority of P an dulf by appealing to the allegiance due to f himself as metropolitan from the Bishop elect o Norwich . He was

12 2 2 R m 2 9 t m. not consecrated till (at o e, May) , and died in Sep e 12 2 6 m d a ber . He ca e to Englan at an earlier period than his p m him in t n point ent as legate, as we find June present wi h the you g king at the great festival of the dedication of W orcester cathe ‘ i c dral . He began by pursu ng a onciliatory policy, as we hear of his e as m s G i rel ing the clerks i pri oned by uala, and restor ng bene ” fice s t him to cer ain other clerks who had been deprived by . 3 1 The o f P andulf h 0. fi i Nov . rst letter Honorius to directs m to confirm or annul the treaty be tween the kings of England

and . Scotland . (P " 12 W i m o f A x n Nov . . llia de Bosco , chancellor le ander ki g of d w ho x mm and Scotlan , had been e co unicated for giving help

u A x i i of x co nsel to le ander aga nst the k ng England, is e cused m m d fro the journey to purge hi self before the Pope, and restore .

(P . “

13. Pandu lf to a the Nov. is directed proceed in the c se of

of S Fridesw ide to of A cleia canons . with respect the church , (A cle in Norfolk ?) as if the order of the royal court did not ex ist ; a proof that the Pope considered his authority to be

“ s uperior to the royal authority . (P. 6 2 9 o wr of and Nov. . The P pe ites to the abbat Selby II I n the o of I . thers, citing a letter nnocent , and directi g that

m m to on the are persons na ed in it, if they deter ine carry suit, R m P to be sent to o e . ( . " D e c 2 3 . Pandulf c in s . is dire ted to inhibit the quisitor

’ in ff B o f A a on the a air between the p . St ndrew s and Eustace c n ’ f A n m o . 5 95 St drew s fro proceeding (P. 8 This year the Pope appointed judges in a suit between ’ ’ of . o f Glou the canons S Oswald s and the abbey S . Peter s, o ester.

1 W A l Annal M on xv . 40 orcester nna s , . . 9 . 2 D n l A l 111 . 5 u stab e nna s, 3 . 3 i l R o a l etters 1 16 . F . wdera I . 1 Sh r ey , y L , , 57 . 4 eim M on t 5 m . N o . 1 . . e 7 6. hi l I 533 , R o al Letters . Th er , S r ey , y , 6 W albran M emoria ls o ounta ins 1 2 , f F , 7 . 7 Thein er M H ibe on . rn 9 . 2 1 . , . . No 9 C a rtul m ari u S . P etri G loucest H . t 1. 2 5 ( ar ) pp . . 83 . R A I W EL T ONS BET EEN ENGLAND AN D ROME.

12 19 A . D . .

25 n of A D 1219 . Jan. . The Pope sanctions the intended translatio 0 of the b d a ac o f . m s f b the o y S Tho a o Canter ury . P p y “ Jan 2 n r w ho 6. He gives an i dulgence of fo ty days to those i ass st at the translation. “ m r . 13 ﬁ m the of R Feb . He con r s grant a pension fro icha d m to B . of D a Marsh (de Marisco), p urh , the Chancellor, Peter S ‘ ar i acenus of £40 to him his . , and to heirs for ever ‘ m . 2 W i m of m 0. Feb The abbat ( llia Tru pington), and onas ’ ’ ter of A n and y S . lba s are taken un der the Pope s protection, s ﬁ m all their posse sions and rights con r ed . (P. ‘ m . 2 2 th v o w e Feb . The Pope dis penses wi the of the cross ad R m l him by ichard Marsh, before he beca e Bishop, and a lows to m f send a nu ber o soldiers instead . 6 2 7 Pandulf to see of March . is desired that the justiciary I i i reland gives a due account of his stewardsh p to the k ng.

(P. 7 29 ir I r March . He is ordered to d ect the ish prelates that they pay their due services to the king. (P. 8 A 2 Ar A l x f Lic ﬁ l 7 . B . r o h e d pril chbishop Langton , p e ande , of mm to e x and the abbat Fountains, are appointed a co ission mi n m B . of a ne i to the life and iracles of Hugh, p Lincoln, and to report to the Pope. (P . ” ' 10 k for rolon in May . Philip , ing of France, is thanked p g g

is x to ﬁr m . the truce with England, and e horted con it. (P

16. Pandulf r to B of W and May w ites the p. inchester Hubert de Burgh to inform them tha t he had appointed W alte r

M ancler c e B of t o oi the ff in col (aft rwards p . Carlisle) j n Sheri s in lect g the royal dues. m t May 17 . The co position between Ba h and Gla stonbury

n s n s c ﬁrm . respecti g the di solutio of the churche is on ed . (P

1 2 1 1 4 Foedem , 1. 153 . I d . . 5 . 3 ’ MS b R i A i G R e is ter . 14 . . quoted y a ne , rchb shop ray s g , p n 4 he h ul in D dal M nast n . 232 . 2 1. See t ug e, o . , No account of t is b l the

161 Ril . Gesta Abba tum S . A lbani I I I . , . p ( ey) 5 ’ MS ed b R n Ar G Re is ter . 14 . , quot y ai e , chbishop ray s g , p n 6 7 m H n N o 2 3 I d . 10 . M on. iber . 9 . . . . Thei er, No 3 9 4 M l t xv . 15 . xxx . 68 . Anna . Gis . 6 anrique , Bouquet,

“10 11 l 2 D d l M onast . u . 269 . . 19 . Ro a l ette s 1. 7 . Shir ey , y L r , ug a e , No M RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAN D AN D RO E

‘ 2 of the H of R x May 8 . The brethren ospital oncevau are released from the paym ent of the twentieth. d t e f m d May. Car inal Ber rand , legate in France, is in or e d th that m any suspect that Louis, un er pretence of attacking e d n z G n A lbigeois, is really en eavouri g to sei e Poitou and asco y, ’ the k ing of England s lands . The Pope declares especially that ’ of d h r d all the king Englan s rig ts are to be prese ved uninjure , n f m and none of his lands to be tra s erred to the do inion of another.

(P. 8 A em May The Bp . of ngoul e and others are ordered to

“ M er iis s arr see that the castle de p (Merpin in Charente, .

C ogniac) is res tored to the king of England. (P . 4 W 4 P andulf t o B . be t July . writes the p inchester and Hu r

m d n of de Burgh , de anding re ress for his servant Lando , guardia

s m a he a certain prebend . He ends the transcript of the letters f m i of on w m had received ro the k ng Scots, hich he desires the m to send their advice to hi . 5 Pandulf w t o m July 7 . rites the sa e to say that the oppres

x min A sions e ercised by the Jews are beco g intolerable. par ticula r ca se (that of I saac o f Norwich) is to be postponed till m n his arrival . He bids the also see that coadjutors are give ffs u m k s to the Sheri in collecting the royal d es, and again a e

M au c r m ention of W alter le c for this purpose . 6 Conﬁrm ation of July 8 . the privilege granted by the Bishop and Chapter of Hereford to the abbat and convent of Reading

m of m f m n P. of arranging the atters the onastery o Leo i ster. ( 6098 ) 7 ‘ 11 nd W m Sec o f Lla aﬂ. July . Papal provision for the illia of Goldclive his is appointed, and the king requested to send assent . 9 16 Pa ndulf n to July . is ordered to settle the disputed electio A A G be t the See of rdfert 5 the rchbp . of Cashel is to consecrate il r

s if d the Bi hop elect ; it is proved that the Bishops of W aterfor , m m n n E ly, and Li erick have consecrated the intrudi g Joh after

1 ’ M S . d b R A is G R e is ter . . quote y aine , rchb hop ray s g , p 9 n 2 3 xi x . 687 . Fredera r. 156 Bouquet , , . 5 i le Ro a l L etters I . 34 . I d 3 Sh r y , y , . 5 . 0 3 M ovia s t I V. 3 . D dal . 5 N O M . 7 . . 9 S U i Dd. 9 . . Lib C . ug e , n ver. . ant at I (C . . 7 H ’ dd and Concilia I . 457 . a an Stubbs , p . 3 Theiner M on E it er . 10 2 n . . 5 . , . No R A I W G A D A D M EL T ONS BET EEN EN L N N RO E.

f e be to R me the law ul app al, they are to suspended and sent o

(P. 1 2 4 m i o f July . The king writes to the Pope to co pla n the mi o c f sc ndu t o Ro bert who styles himself Bishop elect of Ely. R of w ho e e m This was obert York, had be n elect d by the onks

t ut s Bishop on the dea h of Eustace, and witho con ecration kept " s of the S ee fo r o u m posse sion 5 years . The electi n was lti ately

w as G ff quashed by the Pope, as also that of eo rey de Burgh,

A a of u rchde con of Norwich. John, abbat Fo ntains, was then elected .

11 Fourth year of Honorius 1.

a . 2 9 A b of D ublin is r to m Oct . The rch ishop di ected ter inate the

ff r Sec of a ai of the election to the Killaloe . (P . N 4 ov . 9 B of is Pandulf i to . The p. Carl le and are d rected see that the Bishop of the I sles elected by the convent of Furness and consecrated by the A rchbishop of D ublin shall be enabled to

of take possession the See . (P. ° 10 . Ar . B R and Pandulf Nov. chbp Langton , the p. of oss, , are directed to restore the Bishop o f Lismore to his See which had B z . of W . been sei ed by the p aterford . (P 6 c . Pandulf ir ec x i n D e . 7 is d ted to e am ne into the u just m t of G r h o . acts o f the Bp . lasgow and repo t t e the Pope

(P. ’ m ﬁ n I n n III . ﬁr 9 . D e c. The de ni g sentence of n oce t is con ed, l that the Church o f Lis more has always been and is a cathedra .

(P . B 2 Pandu lf to be B to ne 4. D ec. writes Hu rt de urgh postpo the day appointed for Llewellyn .

12 20 . A . D .

9 Pandulf n Jan . 10 . writes to Hubert de Burgh, advisi g a secret mission for prolongin g the truce with the king o f France . 10 i 16 . Jan . He sends [John] abbat of Fountains to the k ng

B . A b . as chosen by the p of Canterbury, the p of Salisbury, and

m fo r . hi self, the See of Ely

1 ' 1 Feedera , I . 55 .

2 W t An lia S acra I . 634 . H istori anE li ensis . , Monachi E liensis, har on , g 3 4 1 N o 2 I d . 14 . . 31. Theiner , M on. Hib. 1. . 7 . No 5 I d . 12 O . 2 . N 8 .

6 7 N O 30 Id 13 . . 1 2 . . . m H i . 3 . 9 M on. b . Thei er, No 9 10 3 I d I 74 I d . e Ro a l etters I . 58 . . . . Shirl y, y L , RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAN D AN D ROM E .

1 1 t . m Jan 7 . He writes to Huber de Burgh urging that so e

one be sent at once to France about the truce, and to Poitou . 2 2 W . 0 e Jan . He requir s Hubert de Burgh to be at orcester

on the day ﬁx ed by him for Llewellyn . 3 2 4 s u t Jan . . He write to Hubert de B rgh to sta e that the

m k d e u e church of Co be , which Faw es Brea t had asked for his

“ k W v cler alter, had been gi en away as soon as it was vacant by

him to a son of the Count of Savoy . 4 2 4 x o B not Jan . . He e h rts Hubert de urgh to fear any

threatened disturbance in London , and states that he has no fear,

w hatever obloquy he m ay incur. 2 5 Jan . 5 . He writes to Hubert de Burgh on the indiscreet

Ule cote the m R e m conduct of Philip de in atter of og r Bertra . s 2 5 - R a Jan . . The Pope writes to lph Neville, the Chancellor, to rem ove the disabilities under which he lies from his illegitimate

birth (a soluto gen itus d e soluta) . (P . 1

Fe b 17 . . The Pope writes to announce to the whole Christian B f d ha s m . o worl , that he ad itted Hugh , p Lincoln, into the

catalogue of Saints . (P. 2 A m 8 March 0 . conﬁr atory charter granted to the Hospital

of R oncevaux . 0 A r 3 Pandulf p il . writes to Hubert de Burgh to forbid the

f u fortiﬁcation o Marlboro gh castle . 10 A 2 Pandu lf t pril 6 t wri es to Hubert de Burgh to postpone

of u o f A w m the cause the co ntess ugy in a quarrel bet een W illia ,

“ and R Vi W ont . Earl of arrenne , ob ert p A l R 30 . pri He forbids alph Neville, the Chancellor, to leave

the ex chequer . A 30 e R pril . He ord rs alph Neville and Eustace de Faucon m berg, the treasurer, to deposit the oney they receive in the

m d and o d x Te ple (Lon on) , f rbi s the seal to leave the e chequer. ‘3 10 . R N t x May He bids alph eville at end the e chequer, and asks for the form which Guala made use of in granting custody f o castles .

1 3 8 hi l Ro a l L e tters 1 7 5 . I d . 6 I d 77 . S r ey, y , . 7 . . '4 6 0 4 . 1 1 53 . I d 78 . Feede ra . 58. i l Ro a l ette s 1. , Sh r ey, y L r , 7 R W nd I V 4 . 6 e over, . . 8 ’ M S . ed b R i A c is G R e is ter 9 quot y a ne, r hb hop ray s g , p . n. 0 hi l R o l tte s 1 100 a e r . . S r ey , y L , 10 1 1 12 13 I d . 1 . 111 . I d . 112 . I d 113 . . I d . 117 . 2 5 RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AND ROME .

M 2 ' R d ) ay 1 . He again orders alph Neville to eposit the Aft; g3m ap aW m the m a nd P - oney received in Te ple, to pay none without his order. 2 16 . R May He orders alph Neville, if he intends going

“ o f m to the translation S . Tho as , to return quickly, and deposit in m the great seal the Te ple . 8 h 18 R . i May . He again orders Neville to pay not ng to

m so any one fro his receipts, as the king is burdened by his debts . “ m x h 2 R . May 6. He bids Neville to re ain at the e c equer and to ord er N icholas the Chamberlain to provision the tower Of

London . 15 2 6 Pandu lf m May . The Pope directs to co pel all Bishops and others who hold back royal castles and domains to surrender

m k n i uff m . the , as the i g s s ering fro poverty The king is spoken

“ O si na tus u illus e t o r hanus i A o f as cruce g , p p , p , sub special p toli s cae sedis pr ote ct ione . (P . 6 2 an u lf one 8 . P d May is directed to allow no , however

m of m inti ate or friendly with the king, to have the custody ore

’

h m me . than two Of the king s castles at t e sa e ti . (P ’ 5 . Pandu lf June writes to Hubert de Burgh, requiring

t f O f d m m s m i tha the sheri f York be release fro his i pri on ent, th s having been done in contempt o f the royal authority and his own .

A m of bout this ti e occurred the quarrel between the Bp . D m R m 8 urha , ichard Marsh , and his onks . The question con cerned certain of the liberties and cu stom s of the convent. The Bishop required that the m onks should display their privi

r m n on leges and inst u ents , which they, suspecti g fraud his part, refuse d to do 5 the Bishop sw ore then that he wou ld seize the ’ m k and Of D m no on s property, that the church urha should have

e ace m m k p in his lifeti e 5 the on s appealed to the Pope, and 9 Obtained a letter addressed to the Bishops of Salisbury and m ’ Ely, directing the to enquire into the Bishop s conduct (P. I n m this the Bishop is accused of various heavy cri es .

H e w as mm is su oned to appear before the two B hops, but he

1 2 3 hi l R o a l etters 1 118 . . I d . 119 . d 12 S r ey, y L , I . 0. 4 I d 5 6 . I d . 535 . I d . 12 1 F cedera I . , . 160. 7 i l o a l t 1 13 8 9 e ters 0 . R W R . . d IV 68 S , L , . . I d . Iv h r ey y en over, . 69 . RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROME .

w ho t k two appealed to the Pope , referred the ques ion bac to the 1 Bishops . ’ m 2 of the s ' July 1. The aster and brethren Ho pitallers house at Paris are directed to send in aid of the approaching passage to

Of m m Pandul the Holy Land part the oney deposited with the by f. 8 m t o t he (P. There is a si ilar letter treasurer of the

m . Te plars a t P aris . (P “ 6 A s of D n ac July . The rchbi hop ubli is no long er to t in I d as legate, as peace is established England and relan .

(P . 5 1 Pandulf r July 0. writes to Hubert de Bu gh, stating that w Lle ellyn and the Marchers had appeared at Shrewsbury, and beg

Brah ging him to postpone the cause o f R eginald de ose . 6 11 a Kir k sted i July . The bbat of (Lincolnshire) is d rected to S act in a certain cause against the abbat and convent of .

Edmundsbu r the y, although bulla had been accidentally detached m h m fro t e requisite instru ent . (P. ’ 1 Pan d ulf m i B . O W i July 5 . co pla ns to the p f nchester and

Hubert de B urgh that Nicholas the chamberla-in had been m ﬁi nd m o o ce a t . olested in his , requires the prevent this 8 a n lf July 17 . P d u forwards to the same a petition from the men O m D i f Nottingha shire and erbyshire , respecting the r corn, i m and requ ring the to attend to it .

Fif th year of H onoriu s I

31 m July . Ja es chaplain and penitentiary of the Po pe I T is sent as legate to reland . he prelates are ordered to receive hi m him gladly and treat well . (P. A u 6. m g . Ja es is ordered to declare publickly that the

m n o I statute of certain English en, that rish clerk should succeed

t and to any ecclesiastical digni y, is of no force vain . (P .

1 I d iv 0 . . See th 7 . e settlement of the questions between the Bishop and “ ” convent Le convenit in the F eo da rium p riora tus D unelmensis

r . So c. Vol L I I I ( . . . 2 12 . l the A d x h nelm. Su t V ) p See a so ppen i to t e Hist. D u S cri tar es t es . 1xx . ur . Vol p r , p (S t Soc. . 2 e xxx 702 3 4 B q , . . I d . Theiner 15 34 ou u t , . No. . 5 hirl Ro l 6 a etters 1. 136 M S y, L , . an A nna l. Gist . Iv 186. e y rique, . 7 i le R o a l L 9 y , etters 1 . 137 . Sh r y , I d . 1 . 138. 9 Theiner 15 3 10 , . N . 5 . 1 o I d . 6 . No. 36.

M RELA TIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND A N D RO E .

’ ' 18 s W G r iS to Feb . . The Archbi hop of York ( alter ay) pub lish the letter allowing the preferments of t hose who die at the m Papal Court to be given away by the patrons at ho e .

9 are w n 18 . o one Feb . The stalls at York to be given a ay by

but the A rchbishop . 3 2 6 f m I in on Feb . . The pre er ents held by talians England

r the A thei death are to return to actual patrons sent to rchbp.

Langton . (P. ‘ 6 A n t of A of D n March . ordina ion the rchbishop ubli , es t ablishin f c ﬁ m . g the usual o ﬁces in his church, is on r ed (P. 19 m 5 I h th March . Ja es , the ris legate, is directed to settle e i A n su t between the king and the rchbishop of Cashel, respecti g

the possessions of the Church of Cashel . (P. 6 A l 2 m of Lic pri 2 . A Grant is conﬁr ed the Bishop of hﬁeld to

Lichﬁeld m the dean and canons of , that the inco e of a prebendary for the year after his death should go towards his funeral ex

penses. (P. " A 2 8 i o f o f pril . The bu lding the new church Salisbury was

Pandulf w ho w as th ﬁ begun 3 , present, laid e rst stone for the Pope. A 8 2 9. BishO o f W pril The p inchester, Hubert de Burgh, R anul h W m ir p Earl of Chester, and illia Brewer, are d ected to i n cause certa n wards and escheats to be restored to the ki g.

(P. A 9 pril 2 9 . On the same day the A rchbishop of York and ' su ﬁr a ans t of lm his g are direc ed to secure the quiet the rea .

(P . This year Pand ulf brought about the reconciliation of the W m A z king with illia , Earl of lbemarle, who had sei ed Bytham and Fotherin gay castles ; Bytham castle was besieged him and recaptured by the king, and the earl was brought to by A G rchbishop ray, and pardone d on the ground of his faithful n f service to the ki g and his ather. “ n of of as The electio Eustace Falkenberg, Tre urer, to the see of

ﬁ m Pandulf m e n London, was con r ed by , and this see s to have b e

1 Ar b G ’ Re is ter . 13 ch ishop ray s g , p 7 . 2 I d . . 1 a p 38. W i ki Concil I . 5 4 l ns , . 8 . 4 5 Thein 1 . er 8 . 45 . I d . . , No N o 46. 6 W i lkin Concil. I . 5 9 , 7 . wk ur An Anna l M on 1. 66. s Te esb y nals , . . 8 9 a dem 1 . 167 . F , I d . l i R o a l et ers 1. 1 : a so Sh rley, y L t , 74 1 0 R . W e d n I V 6 m . , . 7 ith M . Pat . i n . over co p w att 61. 1 ‘ Ral o f C l . 188 ph oggeshal , p . f 2 9 RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROME .

A of the his last act in England. fter the second coronation hell; Efﬁe m m of Papacy young king, and the acco plish ent of the translation m m a S . Tho as of Canterbury, for which enor ous p rep rations were m n to all in ade, and for which we have seen the Pope writi g Eng m land to observe peace especially at that ti e , in order that the

’ A s n martyr s translation should be duly honoured, rchbi hop Langto ‘ er n t o R m u x n went in p so o e , and ret rned the ne t year, havi g 2 w A completely effected his objects . These ere to prevent the rch o wn bishop of York from carrying his cross out of his province, to arrange that the Pope should no t give a w ay a beneﬁce 1n England

m and t d once besto wed a second ti e, hat no legate shoul be sent m ff to to England during his lifeti e . This e ectually put a stop ' P ” Pandulf s influence 5 on his recall he went into oitou , and ‘ to thence R ome . m him D a There is a letter fro the Pope to in the ecret ls, w r 12 12 22 itten between 18 and , answering his question, whether a clerk holding a benefice with cure of souls could also hold the 88 office of A rchdeacon without a dispensation (P . 77 ) 5 and a letter m s l is preserved a ong the royal letter , probably his, to the counci , t ex horting them to put a stop to the robberies at W in ches er . I (Shirley, . D uring this year the abbat 5 and convent of W estminster appealed to the Pope against the jurisdi ction of the Bishop of

“ not m London . The appeal does however see to have been pro “ secute d e m of , as both parti s sub itted to the arbitration the

A of e of rchbishop Cant rbury, the Bishops W inchester and a nd r o f D u Salisbury, the p iors Merton and nstable and they freed the monastery of W estminster from all kinds of subjection

m s and fro the juri diction of the Bishop of London . A i 3 ’ pr l 0. The Pope takes the abbat and convent of

’ . A t b d S ugus ine s, Canter ury un er his protection, and conﬁrms

u of m of the ch rches Selling, Lenha , and Chislet, and the prebend G a ’ D uston [in S . M rtin s, over] , to their use. (P . Th 8 May 5 . e grant of the Bishop of Lichﬁeld to the Chapter

1 9 3 D l A A nna l. M an. 1 11. 62 . I d . 74. d unstab e nnals, I . 75 . 4 M t 111 . 66 W e ﬁnd him d one of the m b at . Par. . afterwar s E bassy sent y ’ H n III . on Louie s c kin of n to d m d m d e ry oronation as g Fra ce e an Nor an y, D n An 111 81 u stable nals, . . 5 M . 111 . 67 . Id . 5 . att. Par 7 7 8 d D d M on. 1 . 137 . 29 . D M on . v1. 111. 1245 11 ug ale, , No ug ale, , No. . D R M R ELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLA ND AN O E .

122 1. A . D . of Lichﬁeld of h of A r nle h A ff r A cts of lhe the churc es g ( rley in Sta ordshi e

Papacy . m . R . Cannock, and ugeley, is conﬁr ed (P 1 A nother letter of indulgence fo r those w ho visit the shrine of

m . . S . Tho as was sent this year (P

Sixth yea r of H onorius

2 1 2 June . The English Cistercians have the privilege con

m m x m t m m m ﬁr ed to the , which e e p ed the fro being co pelled to

’ “ travel more than two days journey from their monastery in any m atter of legal trial . 3 W r Letters of privileges were sent to orcester prio y, that the

“ an d m d s prior his successors were not to be re ove , ni i causa cognita ”

i dele atos . n perjud ces a Papa g The Bishop appealed agai st this, and m challenged the authenticity of the letters . The prior was co pelled R m . m to go to o e The letters see to have been false, having been “ ” S11S e nd d forged by a cursor . The prior was p e by the Pope ; the him Bishop deposed , and put another in his place ; he appealed

i x mm m r aga nst this, was e co unicated for the second ti e, and e

R m . A of turned to o e The Bishop sent Michael , rchdeacon G him loucester, against , but the prior died shortly afterwards. 4 The quarrel betw een the Bishop and the convent w as made up through the intervention o f A rchbishop Langton and the Bishops of Bath and Lincoln and others and a different person to either

o f m the others was ade prior . 5 D c P O e A e . 6 . to s G The p writes rchbi hop ray, forbidding the 6 in cit m arl hereditary succession in liv gs, e . Si ilar letters were

is of i and W dressed later to the B hops L ncoln orcester. 7 D e c. 8 . 0 A h or of I x N rc bishop other prelate reland, e cept

f o f D or to the suf ragans ublin the legate, is carry his cross or to adjudge ecclesiastical causes in the provin ce of D ublin without A ’ the rchbishop s leave . (P . “ D c 1 8 . . e . The rector and brethren of the hospital of S John, n of Coventry, are taken u der the papal protection, and the land

m t m m . S erco e conﬁr ed to the (P.

1 W ilki ncil. I 84 Co 5 . ns , . ’ 2 W albran s M emoria ls unta ins 1 8 o o 7 . f F , p . n 3 4 W r e An l n l M n N . . 4 14 41 An a . o . . I d 7. o c ster na s, p . 5 A i ’ 3 G R e ister . 140 . I d 140 . rchb shop ray s g , p . p . n 7 ‘ 8 W ilkin s Conell w 80 . D d le No 4 . . M on . v1 11 659 . . , , ug a , . . RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E.

D . 1222. 122 2 A . A D . . . Acts of t he 1 8 e m Papacy . Fe b . t . The English Cis ercian abbat are freed fro the ” m of animalium nutrimentis P pay ent tithes de . ( . 9 f March 30. A commission is issued to the A rchbishop o York and the Bishops of C arlisle and Ex eter to inve stigate the A of nd d case of lan, constable Scotla , who is sai to be about to m m e arry so e one within the prohibit d degrees . (P . 8 A mm a m June 8 . co ission is issued to the bbats of Co be and Stanley (diocese of Lichﬁeld) and the A rchdeacon of Coventry to x m i r m s e a ine nto the privileges of ce tain onks in the dioce e , which are suspected to be false. 4 2 3 abba ts of G D Calmls June . The race ieu, S . Leonard de ,

R are to and ochelle, to put a stop to the annoyances caused the m ki R . ng by the knights te plars in ochelle (P. 5 2 A ll h a June 5 . the English bis ops and prel tes are to see

e m that the Cist rcians are kept free fro the paym ent of tenths .

(P. 2 5 6 I m June . Hugh de Lusignan and sabella are ad onished

r to su render certain possessions unjustly withheld from the king .

(P. l m 7 A 5 . W s of July i lia , rchbi hop Poitiers, is threatened with ex communication unless he satisﬁes the king for the injuries i him nﬂicted on . (P .

S even th ea r o H onor iu s I I I y f .

A 12 23 . D . .

8 A ri 5 of abbats of p l . The Bishop Ely and the Fountains and Rievaulx are dir ect-cd to investigate concerning the life and

' m c of W m A ira les illia , rchbishop of York, and to report to the holy see . (P . ” ’ A il 6 to m pr . Privileges granted the onastery of S . Peter s,

Gloucester.

A i to pr l 7 . The Pope writes the Bishop of Carlisle , that no

1 M l is v. 2 28 l th i Anna G t. x . e M eaux Chronicle d anr que, . See a so (Bon ) , 1 . pp . 9 3 ’ Th iner 2 0 N o 48 . Ar i G R e iste e . . r . 152 , chb shop ray s g , p n. 4 5 a 1 D d l M on 53 . 1 dera 1 69 . . 6 No 5 F , . ug a e, v. . . 5 7 I Feedera , I . 169 . d . 3 W l n 1 3 a bra M m ria ls o Fowntains . . , e o f , p 7 9 1 a t m P etri Gl ucestrice H t 111 7 . C r ulariu S . o . ( ar ) , 1° irl Ro a l etters 1. 537. Sh ey, y L , AN D R M RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND O E .

’ to i f m m . A N D 1228 . sons of clergy en whatever are hold the r athers prefer ents A cts of t he (P ‘ mm s A r . A pril 10. Co i sion to the prior of Llanthony, the ch the o ﬁi cial W e ad deacon of Gloucester, and of orcest r, to judicate in a suit respecting the church o f Preste wik e whi ch belonged to f W orcesten the church o Langley, [ ] 2 A l 1 6 16 0 17 of R pri 3. The Pope writes to the Chichester ( alph

i of . Nev lle, the Chancellor) declaring the king to be age 8 8 A u m A pril 1 . Philip ug stus is ordered to ake peace or a

longer truce with England. (P . ‘ A pril 27 The Pope writes to the king that the emperor has come to him in Campani a t o treat with him concerning the cru sade a nd exhorts the king to join the emperor in his attempt to

free the holy land. (P. 6 A 2 H e in wil x m the pril 7 . requests the k g that he l e e pt m 004 . 7 . crusaders from the pay ent of tolls (P.

“ ’ the I s P dul 2 . R an f s May 3 eginald , king of les, who through

x I of to R m and e hortation had given the sle Man the o an Church, m received it as a fee fro the church, is taken under the papal

protection . (P .

E i ht/t ear o E riu I I] g y f ono s .

’ 5 . A of suﬁra ans Oct . The rchbishop York and his g are directed to publish through their dioceses the sentence of excom

munication and in e on his against Llewellyn, to place an t rdict

lands . (P. “ i to . 5 The and Oct . English Bishops Prelates are d rected m see that the wrongs of the Te plars are redressed . ” 20 The rr Nov. . papal letters concerning the su ender of the ’ n royal castles are ot to be acted upon against the king s will,

w ho is to use his ow n judgment as to putting them in force.

(P . 1° 13 VII I w eons D ec . . n A lb . Louis whose actions agai st the are

15 x m 7 118 applauded, again e horted to ake peace with England . (P . )

1 ’ Cartula rium . P etri Glouces tria 11 1 S , . 71 .

9 hi Ro a l L etters 1 430 3 4 1 2 . . I d 538 a d a 1 7 . S rley, y , . . F er , . 5 I d 1 3 6 Th iner 21 . 7 . e 5 1. , . No. 7 hir Ro a l ette s 1 . 2 12 l ll cau e S ley, y L r , . L ewe yn was excommunicated be s di d the k d m ai the i the d Dun be sturbe ing o ag nst protect on of lor Pope.

l A a 83 . stab e nn ls, “ 8 i le Ro a l Lette s 9 10 r 1 . 2 11. I d Sh r y, y , Id. 539 . . RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLA ND AN D ROM E .

‘ So to The declaration of the Pope that the king was of age, as be able to direct the affairs o f the k ingdom with the aid o f his ser

w ho the of o r vants , which ordered all had guardianship castles to wns belonging to the king’ s demesne to surrender them at

m of r e once, produced a conspiracy fro several the barons, who

r o tius ma fused to su render their possessions , preferring p ar ” m m satisface re a m m overe qua regi de pr e issis. The chief alcontent ' R l Blu n de vil of . m was anu f , Earl Chester Hubert de Burgh ca e ’ a o f in for a large sh re the king s unpopularity, as he was sup d m tw pose to be a t the bottom of the whole atter. There are o

F k on D ec 1 eeder a I 1 1 . 9 letters ( , . 7 ) written by the ing to the i a G n Pope and to the late legate , Card n l uala, speaki g of the con m dition of the country , and begging the to urge the barons to peace and obedience : and Hubert de Burgh w rote at the same

m t he Feeder a him ti e to Pope ( , requesting not to allow cer

- m m k in R m d . tain ischief a ers , now o e , to return to Englan

12 24 . A . D .

z N ortham to n w k s m But at p , here the ing kept Chri t as , he

m o n A nd A found hi self strong enough to insist his rights . rch s t m bi hop Lang on sent a essage to Leicester, where the rebellious

’ m mm d s a nd barons were collected, telling the the Pope s co an ,

ni m x mm m threate ng the with e co unication by na e, unless all the castles and honours belonging to the king were at once surren

. m k dered They found the selves too wea to resist, and in especial the x mm ni n fear of e co u cation they gave way, and beginni g with of I t the Earl Chester, surrendered their castles. is curious to

ﬁnd m m of A m a ong the , besides the Earl lbe arle, who had been so

’ the P andulf s n recently reconciled with king by i ﬂuence, and s de e John de Lacy, Con table of Chester, Fawkes Breaut and

In ela rd A m Philip Marc and g de thie, who have so re arkable a 3 notice in Magna Charta .

. 8. W des R Jan The Bishop of inchester, Peter oches, was no doubt the real instigator of this rebellion and he had interest enough at R ome to obtain a papal letter to be wri tten to the in m ’ king, which the Pope re onstrates strongly with the king s treatment of one who had been so faithful to his father and him 5 Who for self, and was about to start the Holy Land .

1 2 R. W d D l An l 83 R W IV. 88 . . d 1v. 92 en over, , unstab e na s , , . en over _ 3 m m k in the P the d l m M i See y re ar s reface to secon vo u e of atthew Par s, 4 . xxx . hi l R o a l etters 1 2 18 p v S r ey , y L , . p . . 5 ’ The ki to e o f i h the i i l l s is i d ng s answer this lett r, wh c or g na is o t, pr nte

L. 3 M RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D RO E .

2 ‘ m n n Feb . 0 . Louis is again urged to ake peace with E gla d, a that there may be no hindrance on this score to the crus de.

(P . ’Z P O e r i March 14 . The p writes to Hen y, speak ng of the

h r t o f b t x n genera l good c a ac er he hears his behaviour, u e horti g

s him to be more forbea ring towards hi subj ects. Quoting Persius

5 2 ff r te of men i him to (v. ) as to the di erent cha ac rs , he adv ses

m f all and ff -b shew hi self avourable and kind to , not to give o ence y

i n of his di e mm him requ ri g the re storation rents, , reco ending even

to i ri him so as to ff e. ak ignore nju es done to , avoid o enc He spe s of the pain s the R oman Court had taken to bring about tran “ in c s n a Romanse ia quillity England, and all the ki g ecclesi e spec l ” issimum ﬁl 1 3 a . ium . (P. 7 9 ) 3 A 4 is x e to r pril . Louis again e hort d renew the t uce with

England . (P. 4 A 11 of e of n pril . The Bishop Ely and the abbat Fountai s

' and R ievaulx are desir ed to send further details respecting Arch

W m of o z im bishop illia York, before he can be can ni ed. S ilar letters were sent to the A rchbishop of York and the Dean and

Chapter. (P . 5 A l 1 A x of pri 4. le ander S tave nsby was consecrated Bishop Lichﬁeld R m n at o e by the Pope . He had bee at the Papal Court in order to further the m arriage of the king with the daughter of

of Britann in Feedera 1 174. the Count y. See the letter the , . A 2 6 pril 6. The Pope declares to the I rish clergy that the statute which ex cludes I rishmen from ecclesiastical dignities is n ull and void. (P. A ’ pril 30. The A rchbis hop of D ublin is to proceed in the t m f m n and s as o . D suit be ween the on tery S Tho as, ubli , Nichola de Felda, respecting certain lands. (P. “ 15 . A s if ﬁt May The rchbi hop of York is allowed, he sees ,

to m a M an an I r n . per it Nichol s, Bishop of d the sles, to esig his see " 2 0. o f Ar June The Bishop Cork , who has been elected ch

’ in Pr nne s Records 111 nd r Ro al Letters, y ( . a reprinted by Mr Shi ley, y

1. 224 .

1 9 xxx . 746 . l a ette s 1. 540. Bouquet, Shir ey, Roy l L r , 3 H ll d -B h ré olle s H ist . D i l. red I I 11 42 ui ar , p F . . . 9 . 4 W albran M emoria ls o ounta ns , f F i , pp . 174 , 175 . 5 5 W Ann l 11 541. 299. i ette s 1. averley a s , . Sh rley, Royal L r , 7 3 ’ Th iner 22 . 149 e . 53 . Ar i iste . , No chb shop Gray s Reg r, p m 2 3 . 56 Thei er, No . .

' AND R M RELATIONS BETW EEN EN GLAN D O E.

no d on ini quities of Fawkes, and shews that other con uct the king’ s part in this matter was possible he states he had been ‘ forced to give up his affair s in Irel and and Poitou till he had

m r . tak en Bedford castle and released the i p isoned judge There is

' ’ ” m of o w n a ns a letter to the king fro one the Pope s chapl i , Cardi ’ nal Egidius, who evidently guarded Henry s interests at the Papal

x t him ﬁrm r m Court, e hor ing to be in this ve y atter of Fawkes de

Breaute. This year the king married his sister A lienora to the Earl a roctors R m Marshal, and felt it necessary that his p at o e should be fully instructed as to his reasons .

2 2 A . D . 1 5 .

‘ is of n na Jan 2 . r Periﬁ . 3 The t eat e Joh Scotus Erige , styled sis i Di i . e. " c l bt a ews s N atures ( p g the alogue de divi ione , to or of is be burnt whenever it any part it can be found.

(P. E i ‘5 2 8. Jan . The ngl sh Bishops and prelates are ordered to reserve a prebend in each of the cathedral or prebendal churches

A ostolick . for the use of the p see (P . 6

3 . Feb . The English Bishops and prelates are to give an aid d n the m r u . to the king acco i g to eans of their ch rches (P. ’ A r 3 . of is m w Feb. The chbishop Canterbury e po ered to m as to mi is of ake orders the ad n tration oaths in Lent and A dvent, h r of m a t at the cou se justice y not be delayed. (P. — " . 25 . ex of A e Feb The Bishop rdfert, who had r signed his ’ as . see into the Pope s hands, is allowed to act a Bishop, with the f i o ns. consent the d ocesa (P. ” . 27. R m ir n Feb o anus , legate in France, is d ected to i duce ’ ma v Louis to act so that Henry s rights y be preser ed, so that the king may rejoice that he has found the due and ex pected proteo i A o li k sto c . t on in the p see (P. “ 13. of R m and March Peter , abbat Tewkesbury, goes to o e, is m fal absolved fro the se accusations of the Bishop of W orce ster.

1 W d xv 94 See en over, . . 2 irl 3 Ro al Letters 1 . 243 I d 244 Sh ey , y , . . . 4 Alberta Ch o n m. . n. i z 5 14 i l. med et i r (Leibn t . See Fabr cius, Bib . ﬁ

a tin. IV L . p . 138. 5 W ilki 6 I . 558 ns, . I d . I . 603 . 7 hir Ro a l etters I 545 8 , . . Th r 3 o 5 S ley y L , eine , 2 . N . 7. 9 1° xxx . 68. , k r A l r. . Bouquet Tew esbu y nna s, p — nELAr10 Ns BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E 37

1 an d 15 . i ﬁ m to g May The cell of K lburn is con r ed the abbat $33; di iiie W m apacy o f . P convent est inster. (P ’ 4 m r n . R l in e Ju e o anu , legate F anc , is to take care that k of until Faw es de Breaute is reconciled with the king England, him in Louis allows to dwell freely France. (P. 8 15 . s July The grant of Savary, Bi hop of Bath, of the f of . G to c o church S John, lastonbury, the abbat and onvent

' G st for r f fabric of m as is la onbury, the pu poses o the k the on tery,

ﬁ m . con r ed (P.

Tentla year of Honorins

‘ 18 G as r x Sept. . The abbat and convent of l tonbu y are e cused from payin g pensions to those w ho have had the offer of a ﬁtting beneﬁc e and refuse it . (P. 5 D e 11 f in es of Ro e are m c. . The aithful the dioc e u n infor ed

A s of D n se s that Laurence, rchbi hop ubli , who body lie in the

n l a e of in s. church of S. Mary, Eu, is e ro led in the cat logu sa t

(P. “ I s i t o Louis V I I . is reproached for hi disobedi ence n no pr long

n x ing the truce with E gland, and is e horted to restore the lands

I II . of so m n r of Henry which he had invaded, in spite a y praye s f o A ostolick . the p see (P. ’ s his in c i Thi year the Pope sent Otho, chapla , as nun io nto M ission of o th n A a E gland. considerable amount of anx iety seems to have been

his m felt about ission . He seems really to have been sent into England to look afte r the Papal inte rests generally ; but if w e 8 ’ may judge from a letter from the king s proctors at Rom e to

r II I . m Hen y , the ostensible object of his ission was to intercede

e. n R m u for Fawkes de Breaut They saw the Fre ch legate o an s,

. m on at S O er, this question ; he ex pressed his willingness to d in n s but if not be etain Otho Fra ce if pos ible that could done, mm m him r he reco ends the to receive honou ably, to hear all he has to to off his . arriv a l in say, but put England by delays, till they could have the Pope’ s di rections and to take care that while he

of no was in England the abettors Fawkes should have , access him to . 9 In a second letter they ex press the difﬁculty in which they

1 D d l M 2 ' 2 on . xxx. 4 . N o . xxx 6 . ug a e , 7 7 . Bouquet, . 7 7 3 D d l 4 M on . . I d 1 4 1 29 19. . . 38 . . ug a e, . . No n 7 5 W ki 6 1. 619 . xxx 61 il ns, Bouquet, . 7 . 7 W 5 9 B. d a l e tt s 1 xv 10 : r Ro e . 264 I d 1 . 7 2 en over, Shi ley, y L r , . . . 69. E RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM .

w O to s d were till they knew with what po ers tho was be furni he . 1 m h s i Otho hims elf write s to the , t at he is urpr sed that the king m should be angry or ex cited at his co ing, as that it is neither his intention nor that of the R oman Court to d o anything but what d m It m w ill be for the advantag e o f the king o . is i portant to 2 o m as as A remember that Otho was to c e a nuncio only, rch bishop Langton had obtained the promise that no legate should be m W m 12 37 A sent in his lif e ti e . hen Otho ca e in , long after rch

’ bishop Langton s death , with full legatine powers, his reception 8 h was a very diff erent one . On his arrival now and presenting is a he m lett ers to the king, the king said th t alone could not atte pt to decide on matters which touched all the clerks an d laymen of

A nd of A s n o da the country. by the advice rchbi hop La gt n, a y was ﬁx ed for a Parliament at W estminste r to hear and discuss ’ g on h his messa e . Before this, however, he began the Pope s be alf n w as t to su pplicate the king for Fawkes . The ki g en reated to be

him to t f s ns i reconciled with , res ore his wi e, lands, and posses io , n me moxy of the faithful service he had done to the king and his H w a father. enry ans ered in digniﬁed strain, that Fawkes had been banished by the judgment of his court for evident treason by

d and a the whole bo y of clergy and people, that though the c re of ’ m n u the kingdo was especially the king s busi ess, he was bo nd to

o of m t observe the laws and good c unsels the kingdo . On this O ho b gave him up . His su sequent history was sad enough He was

to W m of W h conducted the sea by illia , Earl arrenne, and sent is m in last essage with tears to the king, that all the trouble -the country of which he was the cause had been due to the urging of

n o t n m the English obles . So n af er la ding in Nor andy he was ’ s z m o f Louie s s esca e d sei ed by so e ervants, and narrowly p hanging d 0 . His for the injuries he had one _ t the French in England the t f having taken the Cross, and fac that he was banished for li e m him n R m fro England, saved , and he we t to o e, and was pre

e to m his t Pas selew. sent d the Pope in co pany with clerk, Rober ’ m an (This is the who was afterwards presented to S . Peter s,

1 R o a l ette s I 270 Shirley, y L r , . . 2 A l m the am i ll — he were egate fro Pope c ew th the fu est powers , to act as if the im l and ris Pope h se f, therefore superseding the usual ecclesiastical ju di i o f the ct on country : a nuncio was sent with a s pe ciﬁck object and had no e i l i di c i nor rec esp c a jur s t o powers . Several modern writers have incor tly tyl d on this occasion l w i h w s l 12 s e Otho egate , h ch e a not ti l 37 . 3 R W d 4 5 . xv. 94. 107 . I d 103 1 M . xxx. en over, . . 37 . att. Par R A I M EL T ONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AN D RO E .

m b G he Northa pton, but rejected y Bishop rosseteste because was it d G ’ t 349 Papacy a forest ju ge . rosseteste s Let ers, pp . , Fawkes m obtained letters fro the Pope in his favour, not however without

x o f m of m n r the e penditure large su s oney, spe t a year at T oyes ,

in R m of r ecom went aga to o e, where he obtained fresh letters mendation a s to England, and on his way to Engl nd was poi oned ‘ ’ ” . Cir iac A i at S . The S . lban s h storians have no hesitation in x l of t e e ulting over his death , as he had been a cruel spoi er h

m x abbey, and once threatened to burn it . One of the any e tra

on fa ordinary charges against Hubert de Burgh his ll, was U m of being the instigato r of the murder. tterly bad as the an

ff d x m was, his career a ords a goo e a ple of how far in advance this

of d how m o t century was the prece ing, and uch greater p wer he wi church had to bring such ckedness to justice, and to keep such

a U lawlessness as he displ yed under control . nder the state of m things a hundred years before, he ight have repeated the conduct of Robert de Beles me but a R obert de Belesme was an impossi~ bilit in u in m y the thirteenth cent ry, hard and ruthless as any w respects the age as . 1 2 . 2 6 A . D .

8 m met W m on The parlia ent at est inster the day appointed, 13 m t Jan. , to consider the essage brought by O ho, in the absence

k n i s m W s e of the i g, who, after spend ng Chri t as at inche t r, had h b gone to Marlboroug , and there was prostrated y severe illness . ’ w as m Then what the true object of Otho s ission was declared. The message of the Pope is so curious that it requires to be I n given at length . the letters which Otho brought, the Pope k of R m h spo e of the old scandal and disgrace the o an Churc ,

m the m of of v e s eci na ely, stig a avarice, which is the root all e ils, p

' in o ne 4 ally this, that no can do anything in the R oman C uria

t x u of m B ut wi hout lavis h e pendit re oney and gifts . since the

R m of m o an poverty is the cause this scandal and infa y, all ought, d of r m as natural chil ren, to relieve the wants thei other . Unless

“ i m o m en we rece ve gifts fro you and ther good and honest , the necessaries of life would be wanting to us, a thing altogether

unﬁttin R m . A n for g the o an dignity ccordi gly, the entire rooting

1 2 Dun M . 111 120 12 1 l An l xxx 89 . . . stab e na s, . att Par , . 3 R 111 102 . W 4 M . . d xv. 11 . . . en over, att Par ” “ i ri is i b i of l i in W d Th s cu a an alterat on y Par s ecc es a en over, a

m k l l i and characteristick of . very re ar ab e a terat on , Paris RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROME .

out n the i our , ar n ls of of this sca dal, by adv ce of brethren the C di a e m the holy Roman Church , we hav provided a certain for , to m w hich if you are w illing to consent, you can free your other m R m n W fro scandal , and obtain justice in the o a court ithout the — need of gifts a singular confession of what was necessary at m m R . r of om e to obtain justice The fo de anded was, a grant two ’ m m i n prebends fro every cathedral, one fro the Bishop s port on, a d

n f m m o e from that o the Chapter, and the sa e fro the conventual

i m a establ shments. Otho used his best argu ents to obt in the m m consent of the prelates to this onstrous de and . A fter some private discussion they put their ans wer into the mouth of the m A rchdeacon of Bedford. He stated that this de and concerned ' k c and suﬁra ans m the ing, the ar hbishops their g , as well as any of _

b e n d reelati to of the e ﬁce clergy (p ), say nothing all the patrons of the of m as w as m churches the real that the king absent fro illness, b m of and also the arch ishops and any the prelates, they could give no answer in their absenc e . Otho attempted to ﬁx another da w the of y, hen he could procure presence the king and the m B ut issing prelates . they refused to allow this to be done with o ut of h the assent the king and the ot ers who were absent. 1 I n the m m the e R m eanti e Fr nch legate, o anus , held a council m m m m at Bourges, and ade a si ilar de and on the sa e grounds. W endover has preserv ed the curious reasonings a g ainst the pro A s posal by the rchbishop of Lyons and other prelate , the conclusion be ing a very formidable threat. They appealed to the legate that

‘ z eal for the whole church and the holy R oman see might move him mni m a o re ssio , since si o u esset univers lis pp , posset tim eri no ” immineat disce ssio u D avertat generalis , q od eus . The legate on this stated that the demand had been decided on aft er he had left a n the curia th t he would never have co sented to it, and that he believed that it was only m ade on the understanding that the m m A nd e pire and other kingdo s would consent. he promised he l m m wou d ake no further atte pt to bring it about, till the prelates o f m it other kingdo s should agree to , which he did not expect

u wo ld be the case . ff in n l 2 The e ect of this was soon felt E g and. W hile Otho was A going northward, the rchbishop procured letters from Rome im k h . m recalling He angrily loo ed at the , then threw them into But m the ﬁre . his ission was at an end. He quitted England at

1 W d xv 118 2 R. . . 2 en over, I d . 1 3 . R A I N W G A D AN D R M EL T O S BET EEN EN L N O E.

e A mm 2 once, l aving it to the rchbishop to su on the king and pre mpg £3k

m d I n a ac . lates, and send the Pope an answer to his de an . the P p y

n r a m abse ce of Otho , when the letters we e read at the p rlia ent mm A W mi su oned by the rchbishop at est nster, there was a general laugh at the avarice of the R om ans (singuli singulos ad risum move bant concu isce ntia R o manorum super p ), and the king gave “ his answ er to the A rchbishop : W hat the POpe asks of us con

s W . cerns the whole Chri tian world. hen we, who live as it were

of the n at the ends earth, see how other ations bear them selves

d x m d towar s such e actions, the Pope will ﬁnd us ore rea y in our ” x m m m obedience, when we have an e a ple fro other kingdo s . 1 Otho had endeavoured to provide for himself on his ﬁrst mi n n U co ng i to Engla d. nder the title of procurations he had exacted two silver marks from all the conventual churches of 2 he orthumberla nd England, and was on his way to N after these procurations when the letters of recall reached him at N orthamp

i clit ellis ton . But the chron cler says that he left England 3 It m the vacuis . is added that at this ti e Pope sent nuncios

W m x c through the hole world, aking undue e a tions everywhere . ‘ 8 w u of m Jan. . The Pope rites to H gh Lusignan and any m k i n n II I . others, censuri g the for brea ing faith w th He ry

(P. 5 28 Ar G i . t Jan . chbishop ray is allowed to grant d spensa ions d to a certain number of persons to hold ad itional livings . 6 I x . a Jan 2 9 . The clergy of reland are e horted to t x them ’

in x . Th selves order to support the king s e penses (P . e kin g quotes this letter in wri tin g to the A rchbishop of D ublin

' his suﬁra ans m I e and g , and pro ises that if the rish cl rgy will grant him . R a l an aid, it shall not prejudice their liberties (Shirley, oy

Le r I 2 tte s . 99 , , ’ i 2 0. Lo s x m t Feb . The prior of Holy Trinity, ndon , e e p ed mm from serving on Papal co issions . (P.

8 ' R m indu ce Louis o anus is again directed to and others , while

A o m m attacking the lbigeois , to abstain fr the do inions of the king

n of E gland. (P. h A G 9 Marc 6. rchbishop ray is allowed to visit the abbey of

‘ a m S. M ry, York , a second ti e in the year if he sees ﬁt .

1 2 3 R . W . I V 123 d I 1 1d . . I d 1 V 08 . 08. en over, . . ’ 4 o 5 Ab 1 1 . G XI X. 769 . F oedera I . 8 . R e ister 151 B uquet , , p ray s g , . 5 Faed 5 60 . em 1 181 l Theiner 2 . , . . See a so , , No ’ 7 Id 1 8 9 . 184 xxx 1 A h G . . . 77 . o Re ister 152 Bouquet , rchbis p ray s g , . R M RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLA ND AND O E.

1 i is k of . n March 7 . The house S John, outs de Blythe, ta e m ﬁr . . under the papal protection, and its liberties con ed (P “ i Ous eburne n x March 10 . The Church of K rkby is an e ed to the precentorship of York . “ of A m an n x March 13. The Church ckla is e ed to the chan k cellorship of Yor . ‘ 1 of in m W li m March 8. The clergy England are for ed that il a , the of a n A rchbishop of York , has been enrolled in catalogue s i ts.

(P . ti PO e A G A pril 8. The p writes to rchbishop ray about Peter

W iver tor out of n in . de p, who had been turned his livi g couse quence of the directions against the hereditary succession to n livi gs . “ ’ A 9 . A r l pril . The abbey of S ugustine s, Canterbu y, is a lowed

l in r to to bui d chapels its own pa ishes, and place its own chaplains t here . (P. 7 A pril 2 7 The ki ng is forbidden to assist R aymond of Tou

or m m his or on louse, to ake war either by hi self, brother, others, _ his w ar ins Al o s Louis, while he is engaged in aga t the bige i . ’ i in of (P. Th s was consequence Louis s refusal to under take the ex pedition unless he ﬁrs t obtained inhibitory letters to “ of l him m m the king Eng and , to prevent fro aking any attack on ai e i his possessions, whether justly or unjustly obt n d, wh le he was ’ ” in o ut mm d i R m carry g the Pope s co an s aga nst ay ond . Henry , ’ i of c a who was on the po nt invading Fran e, re d the Pope s letter to

his n n. R his counsellors, and postponed i tentio ichard of Cornwall

h m G n was at t at ti e in ascony, and the ki g was especially for him bidden to allow to proceed against Louis during his crusade.

May 7 . The king is directed to assist the Ar chbis hop of Cashel and the Bishops of Limerick and Cloyne to ex pel Robert r m Trave s fro the church of Killaloe. (P. " 9 . May There is a letter o n the subject also to the Bishops.

(P. " May . 14. The A rchbishop of D ublin is ordered to admonish

1 2 ’ D d M on IV 24 ste 141 n. . . 6 No . Ar i G Re i ug ale, , . 7 chb shop ray s g r, 3 4 0 I d . 144 . B ullar Rom m 418. NO. 8 . n . . . ’ 0 10 Ar h G Re ist 1 D d l M n I 131. No. . e 53 a . . c bishop ray s g r, . ug a e, 7 i 3 l Ro a l Lette s 1 . 545 B W d IV. 125 . Sh r ey, y r , . . en over, 0 I d 12 6 1° 11 62 . . Th in r 1 I d . No. . e e , 25 . N o. 6 . Theiner 28 63 , . No. .

M RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D RO E .

vacant prebend in York to Nicholas, nephew of the Bishop of

Ostia. 1 t o A G D ec. 15 . The Pope writes rchbishop ray in favour of

. Lawrence of S . Nicholas, canon of York He wrote also to the

D ean and Chapter. 2 d u t D e c 2 0. . The aily distrib ions for clerks studying the ology at York are no t to be given to such clerks as are absent. 3 D ec 2 2 The i n A . . B shop of Li coln and rchbishop of York

d of w of . are tol that, if after the departure La rence S Nicholas

f hi s o r from England any o rents property are withheld, the Pope will force the withh olders to pay the loss .

1‘ D c 2 2 abbats n R lx e . . The of Fountai s and ievau are desired

a to inquire into the state of, and to do what they can for, cert in impoverished nunneries in the di ocese of York. (P. 6 A r G D e c 2 2 . . chbishop ray is ordered to proceed within two months with the ex amination into the election of the A rchdeacon of W m D m orcester, who the prior and convent of urha had elected

of D m to the see urha . A s this election to the see of D urham affords a remarkable

f Bisho ricks instance o the Papal power in the elections to p , I

o f R ud shall give some account it. ichard Marsh died s denly at

on 1 m o nastick Peterborough May , the chroniclers thinking his “ d eath in this way a punishment for his treatment of monks : the 7 and prior convent requested the king for leave to elect, and he offered his chaplain Luke . They said they could receive no one

x e cepting after a ca nonical election . The king swore they should

no t m be seven years without a bishop if they would ad it Luke .

t k him for m The convent, hin ing unfit the post, unani ously elected A d W W l i m the rch eacon of orcester, i l a , a learned and honourable m an him to i , and presented the king. The k ng refused him on i m certain trifl ng objections, and the onks sent som e of their body R m h m k to o e to ave their election confir ed . The ing sent the

A x Sta v ensb Bishop of Chester ( le ander y, who having been couse m crated by Pope Honorius, would be likely to have so e inﬂuence

him o m A n with ) and the prior of Llanth ny against the . d thus,

W d m a e as en over re rks, a long d lay was caused. The sequel of

1 ’ Ar c i h G R e 154 2 ister . I d 154 hb s op ray s g , . n. 3 I d 1 4 . 55 n . W albran M emo ia ls o ountains 175. , r f F , 5 ’ Ar c ish G Re is ter 15 hb op ray s g , 6. 6 M r I 7 . Pa . I I . 111. R W d IV 12 8 att . en over, . . RELATI ONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROM E .

2 ‘ G re r of Gre stanes . the story is told us by R obe t y The Pope ( $025; 33i;

Pa w ' I X m m p y gory . ) quashed the election on what would see erely e m of u technical grounds, obj cting to the for the election, tho gh it m was unani ous, because each gave his vote separately, so that it “ inS i was neither per scrutinium nec per comprom issum nec per p ” m m ﬁt , rationem. He bade the onks na e several persons and R le then he would choose from them . They then asked for ichard f i o . Poore, Bishop Salisbury The Pope at ﬁrst ins sted that they on h i 1n should nominate some one besides, but t eir persever ng i their request, he gave way, and the B shop was translated to m Durham ; the Pope hi self wrote to the Bishop, and he was at in once accepted by the k g . This year 2 the Pope allowed the clergy to grant a six teenth o f church property to the king.

122 . A . n. 7 é f W in che ster R 13 . o Jan . The Bishop , Peter des oches, in mm all co on with other Bishops, is urged to help the crusade by

m in . the eans his power. (P 4 an 19 A J . . The rchbishop of York is desired to give a pre ’s A x ﬁ t bend to le ander Nolan, though the rst vacan prebend is to

of of . be given to Nicholas, nephew the Bishop Ostia 2 A 6 D m Jan . 3 . The rchdeacon of urha is to take care that no harm be done to the property of Al ex ander Nolan whilst he is at the Papal court. 1

3. Ar G w t f Feb. chbishop ray is allo ed o have the our dighi

of mi 1. e. taries York nster ( the dean, precentor, chancellor, and in treasurer) occasional attendance upon him . 8 11 v s A Feb . . Pri ilege granted to rchbishop Gray as to the m f ff punish ent o o ending clerks . m 9 f ’ . 25 . o . r Feb The onks S Mary s, York , are th eatened w m A ’ ith punish ent for opposing the rchbishop s visitation . A 10 March 4 . rchbishop Gray is urged to ex pedite the election to of D m i t the see urha , wh ch is burdened with deb .

1 Ca xxx s l i . tres e 3 Hi t D une m S cr t . S a . 6 He i p. . . . p (Surt ) , p . g ves a very curio and min c the l b the us ute a count of e ection y chapter. 2 A l 8 k tb. 6 Anna l M on . xv 6 W . 7 . Osney nna s . . . . y es s Wilkin 4 A i h G ’ Com a , x. 559 , R e ister 76 s, rchb s op ray s g , n. 5 ’ hi was d in m : see Ar i o G Re ister . 12 T s one Septe ber chb sh p ray s g , p . 6 I d d . Al x o e ander Nolan was rector f Gainfor . 7 Ar ch i ’ 3 d “ 5 9 G Re ister 15 7 . I . 1 9 . I d 152 b shop ray s g , n . n. 10 I 1 3 . d . 5 n A D AN D R M RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGL N O E .

ma The following letters are without date, and y have been

w ritten at any period Of the pontiﬁcate of Honorius . 1 O Holmcoltram i ts nﬁ m The abbey f has liberties co r ed.

(P. 2 The Bishop of W orcester (probably W illiam o f Blois) is to on r b eneﬁces directe d to compel all vicars reside thei , and to be O d r ained priests . (P . 3 A letter to the A rchbishop of Canterbury on the affair of one

da d e n of a Jor n, a clerk, ecid s a poi t in the question appe ls.

(P. ‘ The A rchdeacon Of Salis bury is allowed to proceed in a suit t an in m respecting certain tithes, al hough indulgence the atter has

been obtained from the A post olick see. (P. 5 A a W n to Of m w l n de assa d, rec r Heversha , is allo ed to hold i M ddleton as well . 6 The judges in a certain suit between the abbey of Chertsey and the rector of the church o f Ber tucia (Burw ash in Sussex )

v in him ha ing decided aga st , and he having appealed, the fruits

o f ll the church are to be sequestrated ti the cause is decided.

(P. D i 7 l n rections to the dean, chance lor, and precentor of Li coln,

in a. suit between two monasteries (Crox ton and Newhouse) re m specting the church of H e che ale (i) (P.

on 18 Honorius died March , and was succeeded by the Bishop

of of w ho o the n m of Ostia, then upwards eighty years age, t ok a e f X o G I . t o his h as regory The key policy, bot regards England t he of w m and rest Europe, is his quarrel ith the e pire ; but the details of the relations between him and England will best be ain his ascert ed by letters .

First ea r re y of G gory IX.

“ A 7 . m pril Mandate to re ove Nicholas, a clerk of York dio m f o i . cese, fro the church Leek, nto whi ch he had been intruded A ’ 13. m n is to m e pril The king , though a i or, be per itt d to a m n own m d i ister his real .

1 9 D d M n. a o . 602 NO. 31. g . D eer I X x 2 8. 6 , G e . u le v . r g . . . 3 I d 4 . x. 3. 29. D ecret. Honorii III . xx. 8. 2. 5 ’ Ar G Re ister 99 3 e b p y p. . D e . G e . I X xx 1 2 ch isho ra s g , r r g . . 7. . 7 ’ I d. xx 28 62 8 . . . A b Re ter 158. rch ishop Gray s gis , 9 Feedera x 1 , . 90 . RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROME .

‘ 3 2 Kilm acdua h A 24 . s pril The Bi hops of g and Clonfert and 201533516 i Papacy the abbat of Parv acella (Kilm a cduagh) are dir ected to enqu re into m to m the case Of the Bishop of Li erick, who is said be illegiti ate,

m . . si oniacal , and ignorant (P A ” out A pril 2 8. rchbishop Langton is directed to carry an

f beneﬁce in i on o I II . order Honorius , and confer a his prov nce “ ri as ui sin ulis M ichael Scot, who is desc bed q doctus in g grata

i r m r m varietate nit escit . . d ve saru (i e. a tiu ) (P 19 m 8 m d May . Si on Langton is per itte to return to England

if this is agreeable to the king. (P . 4 is is to May 25 . Lou advised restore to Henry all the lands

the kings of Englan d possessed beyond sea. (P. 2 7 R m s ex communi May . o anus , the legate, is forbidden to r of cate Henry or his brother Richa d, Count Poitou, unless by

special command of the Pope . (P . “ Ma 2 7 u e y . Henry is assured that in taking Louis nd r his A no protection during his war with the lbigeois, the Pope had by means given him permission to ex tend his hands towards the

m i of w as do in ons of the king England, whose rights he deter m t r . ined o preserve enti e (P. 7 ul A mm to A of C J y 13. co ission the rchbishop ashel and f m others to ex amine the case of the election to the church o E ly.

(P. 8 A u of l r 6. g. The Bishop and chapter Sa isbu y are bidden to ’ reserve the ﬁrst vacant prebend in their church for the Pope s i t . g f . (P 9 2 D m n Sept . 7 . The clergy are ordered to receive the o inica i m to m preachers k ndly, and to ad onish the people listen to the

devoutly. (P.

ac II I . There is a letter preserved by Bul us ( dated Sept .

27 v rmi D m n to , gi ing pe ssion to the o i icans preach everywhere, n hear confessions, and enjoi penances . (P . 10 Oct . . The notice of the ex communication Of the Emperor I 8044 A issued to the talian Bishops (P . ) it was sent to rchbishop

Langton probably later .

1 Theiner M on . Hibern 2 64 , . 7 . No. . 2 Bulletin da comi té histori ue xx 255 q , (Par. . . 3 hi le Ro a l ette s 1 548 4 Ba naldi 1227 54 55 S r y, y L r , . . y , , , 5 hirl R 6 o a l L etters 1 548 . F oedera x. 192 . S ey, y , . , 7 Theiner 2 6 8 W ilki Concil x 5 . . . 560 , 7 . No . ns , . 9 M 12 1‘ 0 R W d . 46 . . xv 15 att Par. a. en over, . 7 . R M . RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D O E

‘ of E a observation of the festival S . dw rd 9 . N ov . The yearly the Confessor is ordered . (P. 2 A “ granted to A rchbishop Gray about the D e c. 0 . privilege punishm ent of off e nding clerks . 3 m 2 3 of i u (G ) D e c . . The letter the patr arch of Jer sale erold the lam entable condition of and other A rchbishops, concerning the Holy Land, sent round ; all are desired to haste to its succour,

k . as thus the cause dear to all is at sta e . (P

2 2 8 . A D . 1

4 , Jan . 11. The grant to John of free election to all churches

a w I III . cathedrals , and abbeys in Engl nd, hich nnocent had

m . . accepted, is conﬁr ed (P 5 o f Tichﬁeld x mmu Feb . 12 . The abbat is ordered to e co nicate m uarr those who plunder the property of the onastery of Q (I . of W ight) . (P . 6 12 m ma wit Feb . . The Knights Te plars y be produced as

r nesses in suits respecting their ow n orde f (P . A ’ 2 2 . Feb . The rchbishops and bishops are to see that

m r the privile ges of the Knights Te plars are not inf inged. (P. 8 133 ) " i n x m 2 8 . Feb. The k g , queen , and their children are e e pted m mm m fro ex co unication, and the royal chapel fro interdict, i k without special order from the A postol c see . (P . 9 28 s of Feb . . The Bi hops Norwich and Carlisle and the A rchdeacon of Shrewsbury are ordered to ex communicate those m m i who attend tourna ents, as they are a ere pretence for consp ra cies . (P.

ec nd ea/r S o y of Gregory I X .

ﬁ II I x communica A r . e 7 . p . The Pope noti es to Henry the m tion of the E peror . (P. R m m n May. The legate o anus is ordered to co pel the Cou t de la Marche to release the kin g and queen of France from their oath not to make peace with the kin g of England without his consent . (P .

14 . R of i is May ichard Bishop Sal sbury, appointed (see

1 9 ’ Fazdem x 188 A c i G Re ister 159. , . . r hb shop ray s g , 3 R W d 145 4 2 1 . xv W ilkin C onell. x 6 . en over, . , s, . e x 1 6 7 8 9 I d Fmd ra 8 1 . , . 8. I d . 8 8. I d . 189 . I d.

1° - 11 Huill d Bréholles xxx. 55 h l Ro a l etters I . 548 . ar , n. S ir ey, y L , 12 ist . u l e H D ne m. Scri t . tr s lxix p , . E EE G D AND HOM E . 49 RELATIONS . B TW N EN LAN

45 to of D r m 1S x to r ’ above, p . ) the see u ha , and e horted unde take idsdiihe

P apacy. the burden . ( . P l 2 ohn R m r f May 6 . J o anus, canon of Yo k ( ather of the

A is i of rchbishop), d rected not to proceed against the Bishop l s u of Sa i b ry in the matter of the bestowal a prebend, if he m had appointed to it before he had received the Papal andate, but to take the ﬁrst opportunity of carrying out the mandate h w en another should fall . (P . 2 v May 30. The Bishops of Bath and Co entry and the abbat of Stanley are to make inquiry into the life and mir acles of

m of A ostolick . Os und, Bishop Salisbury, and report to the p see

(P. 3 o f May 30. The property given to the Bishop and Chapter

al s S i bury for the building of the church , and their liberties and mm i unities are conﬁrmed. (P . 4 A G June 9 . Privilege given to rchbishop ray respecting the m punish ent of offending clerks . 5 is Jun e 15 . The monastery of nuns at W herwell taken un der the Papal protection . t 6 A July 3 . Let er to rchbishop Gray respecting the presenta D m G . tion to the church of ainford, urha (P. 7 On July 16 the king wrote to the Pope begging him to t n W r m sanc ion the u ion of the sees of ate ford and Lis ore . 8 m as m s of This onth the king ked per i sion the Pope to remove . f the body o his father to Be aulieu . 1 9 6. A s m Nov. rchbi hop Gray is to re ove the disabilities under w of m m hich Philip, canon Hereford, lies fro his illegiti ate birth . 1° This year the abbey of Tewkesbury had its privileges con ﬁ m r ed. 122 9 A . D . .

Ja - n. 3 . The Pope directs his chaplain Stephen to obtain m so e provision from one of the English prelates for a Carthusian m . Ba . rtholom Trisulto onastery (S . de . ) (P . The See of Canterbury had been vacant since the death of A s in of m rchbi hop Langton July the last year. The onks elected

1 Willd ns Concil x 5 2 3 . 63 I d 561 . , . . . I d. 562 . 4 ’ ' Arc 5 G R e is ter 160. D d l M on xx 6 g , . . 38 . 5 . hbishop ray s ug a e, . No 3 Ar ’ 7 c G Re ister 162 i l Ro a l Letters 1 hbishop ray s g , Sh r ey , y , . 331. 5 ' Fwdera x 9 , . 192 . Ar G Re iste 43 chbishop ray s g r, . 1° Ann k A al M on 1 . 0 . nn . . als of Tew esbury , 7 S icil. iber l 666 2 8 . p L . (F or. , No.

L . D M RELA TIONS BETWEEN ENGLA ND AN RO E.

‘ n sham to m the n W alter of Ey e , who ki g, when applied to for — his one n consent, objected on various grounds 5 bei g that his ff s o f father had been hanged as a thief. The su ragan Canterbury

of mm as als o objected to him o n the ground i orality, and serted d that the election ought not to have been hel without their ot n presence . The elect however would n give way, and taki g “ him n ms so me of the Canterbury monks with , prese ted hi elf to

n ﬁ m . the Pope , requesti g con r ation of the election The Pope put of m off decis ion till he could hear a full account the atter. The king and the bishops sent their objections to the elect by the

and A of Bishops of Rochester Chester, and John, rchdeacon f i e t Bed ord. The Pope appointed a day for decid ng the qu s ion, ? - m e the Thursday after A sh W ednesday . The ess ngers on day

on i n r appointed, press g their side of the question eage ly on

i al m the Pope and Card n s, found they had uch chance of ’ not u m of the s ccess. They therefore pro ised the Pope a tenth all property in England and I reland for carryi ng on his war with ’ the m him r ou t in . E peror, to induce to ca ry the k g s wishes The Chronicler tells us that the Pope was so eager to overthrow the 3 m e h x m E p ror, t at he gladly consented ; and after e a ining the

and ﬁ d n s o elect by two Cardinals, n i g that he an wered not nly ” “ min m as . n is us bene, but pessi e, qu hed the election The E gl h R of in proctors then proposed ichard, Chancellor L coln, and the

him m m R non Pope agreed to at once, e orato icardo electo ad ” archi e isco um : f ni o . p p sed dato, in the words the Chro cler The D 116 l i unstable A nnals (p . ) say tha t the monks ost the r power of

as and a electing for that turn the election was quashed , th t the R ” et sancto l s . Pope appointed ichard, sano consi io usu The letter wr itten by the Pope to the suffragans of Canterbury

nn i is v W I V 186 . a ounc ng this preser ed by endover ( . , P 4 and he also wrote t o the prior an d convent of Cante rbury to the m ff 1 9 . sa e e ect, Jan. (P He sent the pall to the new A s W of rchbi hop by alter Cantelupe, afterwards the great Bishop ’ of W of m orcester Si on de Montfort s party. ’ ’ 13 . a of ne s Can March The abb t and convent S . Augusti ,

1 2 R . W d xv . 170 . 4 en over, I d . 18 . 3 i m 1 0 a W d . 185 In . 7 The var ous questions y be seen in en over, xv , Paris , k A l 1 . Tew esbury nna s, 7 4 M i Ar m. Cisterc xv 36 anr que, . . 6 . 5 D d l M on 1 . . 136 . 24 ug a e, , No .

A D M RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND N RO E.

for w as to stituted proctor collecting the tenth, which be done m ’ not in the usual way, but in the way ost for the Pope s

w so advantage . His debts, it is said, ere heavy, that he knew A nd not how he could undertake the war . thus the parliament

m m m . tax in broke up, a id universal ur urs The was collected a very Oppressive m anner ; m any o f the clergy being forced to ‘ pledge the sacred vessels of their churches ; and Paris tells us . him that the nuncio brought with certain very wicked usurers, w ho m e m a and called the selv s erch nts, who supplied the required

m at rm . a ount eno ous interest Stephen, however, scraped toge “ t the m on hi s r - as d An li her oney, and departu e, Paris a ds, g s ” foeda reli uit q vestigia. The only stand against this was made R Blu nde vil w by anulf , Earl of Chester, who ould not allow the m r h onks o clerks of his fee to pay the tent , although England and

W I e e c m ” . W ales, Scotland and r land wer o pelled to pay endover adds that many were soothed in having to m ake this payment by the fact that the foreign and distant kingdoms were not m free fro it. The Pope distributed the funds, when they reached him mi , lavishly to John de Brienne and his other litary leaders, ‘ and inﬂicted a heavy blo w on the emperor by destroying his

hi s towns and castles in absence . 12 A . D . 30.

a a b Jan . 7 . The b at and convent of H olm coltram are ex m m the m of e e pted fro pay ent t nths . (P.

Fourth ear o Gre g f gory I X .

“ A r 15 The f p . . abbat o Citeaux is directed to act as a m e ediator betw en the kings of France and England . (P. “ A r 17. p . The English prelates are allowed to confer the be nefices I a o n fit vacated in England by tali ns persons freely, m and in future if any andates are sent from the A postolick see ri benefices mi on I al for confer ng in a si lar way t ians, they need for m l not be forced to provide the unwi lingly, unless special m m of ention is ade this indulgence . (P . See the mention of i in A th s the Tewkesbury nnals, p. 75 . 6 May 7 . The Bishop and prior of Coventry are informed

1 M 9 . . P R. W d . 2 xv 03 . att ar en over, 5 D u d l M o 601 n. . N o . 2 . g a e, v , 7

el z M iscell. m 3 2 d 9 e M . B u e, . ( . ansi) This is the same as the entry d A il 1 in 5 . 5 1 w d f un er pr p , ith a i ferent date . 5 Wilki s 62 6 x. 9 . n , Chronicle of E vesham 273 RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AN D ROME.

' - l the election of m s m the that Tho as prior of Eve ha to abbacy is 30 38 ( ithe P3 5 0 m ﬁ m f e n 2 .“ not ad itted , and they are to con r any resh lectio that is

canonicallv made . (P.

12 31 A . D . .

‘ A t the beginning of this year the king wrote to the Pope prayin g him to conﬁrm the marriage of Geoffrey d e Mortagne

hi s i r and w fe, notwithstanding thei consanguinity. 2 mm 0 . P m x Jan. The 0 pe ex empts the king fro e co unication,

his m x m and chapel fro interdict, e cepting by the especial andate

of A ost olick the p see. (P. r 11 3 G Ma ch . The gift of the church of iggleswick to the

Finchale m prior and convent of is conﬁr ed .

F r ifth year of Grego y I X.

4 A r 3 A s G x m p . . Odo , chaplain of rchbi hop ray, is e e pted

m l o f l m al fro the disabi ities his i legiti ate birth, and lowed to d tw o b n ﬁ I I e e ces m s I . hol , as had been per itted by Honoriu s

1 . A pr. 8 The Pope had wr itten to the king to gran t a

n a R m z k x m pensio to a cert in o an citi en, but the ing e cuses hi self m m fro the want of eans . 6 A r 25 . in p . The k g is exhorted to lay aside his intention of war with France . (P . " May 7. The subdean of York is directed to conﬁrm the

to l] provision given by Pope Honorius P . de Nevi , to acquire a

beneﬁce one not x d m . second , if he got e cee ing thirty arks p a. in value.

30. i to h May The k ng writes the Pope, praying im not to

m m I on i per it the encroach ents of the rish Bishops his prerogat ve . l 2 9 0. to n Ju y The Pope writes the ki g, sanctioning his em m of hi s ploy ent Bishops as counsellors . (P .

u 20. E J ly The nglish and Irish Bishops are forbidden to x mm ff l f e co unicate the justiciaries, sheri s, and bai if s appointed to m m e in nd ake arrange ents resp ct g the royal castles, towns a other m i f rights without clear cause and canonical ad on tion be orehand . P ( .

1 hir e R l 2 o a etters x. 391 . Faed a 1 S l y, y L , er , x. 99 . 3 i of Finchale u 4 ’ y . . 65 . Ar i o Gra s Re is ter 164 Pr or (S rt p chb sh p y g , . 5 hirl 5 R o a l L etters x. 393 . Ba n aIdi 1231 2 S ey, y , y , , 5 . 7 A c i G ’ 5 i R e is ter . 3 . l Ro al 7 ette s 1 . r hb shop ray s g , p n Sh r ey , y L r , 399 9 Id 1° . 1 . 549 . a x Fceder , . 200 . M RELAT IONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AND R O E .

‘ of n e e t rc July 20. The Bishop Ely and Joh de F r n ino, a h

x mm i m deacon of Norwich, are ordered to e co un cate lay en who dis turb the peace of the kingdom. (P. 2 0 A of m n of Sept . 1 . The rchbishop York , and Sylvanus, o k m m l i n R ievaulx , are directed to co pel residence a ong the c ergy w thi three months from the date of the mandate . (P.

' a ices m t o f d n 1 . nov Sept . 7 The ad it ed at the priory Spal i g are to go within forty days of their reception to make their pro

fe ssion A n ers . . at S . Nicholas, g (P ‘ n 1 . Sept. 7 The priors of Kirkby and Spaldi g are to visit

A m m to im . . S . Nicholas , ngers, fro ti e t e (P 5 During this year occurred the quarrel between the A rchbishop

t de u of and Huber B rgh, on the question of the right guardian ship of Tunbridge castle and other possessions o f the young Earl m o f m o _ Clare, then a inor . The archbishop, on co plaining t the

m or king, was told that the king clai ed the right of selling conferring on whom he would the guardian ships of the property of earls who were minors ; the archbis hop ex communi cated all

i of w ho mm the nvaders these possessions, and all held co union

m x R m with the e cept the king, and went at once to o e, to carry i n R his cause there, and for other reasons . The k ng se t oger de his W n Cantelupe with others to take side of the question. he R m “ m the archbishop arrived at o e , he ade the following com

: 1 n m r plaints ( ) that Hubert practically ruled the ki gdo , othe nobles being despised (2) that he had married a wife 7 too nearly re lated to his first wife ; (3) that he had invaded the rights of the ' church of Ca nterbury ; (4) that some of the sufiragans of Canter ’ e r as bury neglect d thei pastoral charges, sat in the king s tre ury, 5 and adjudged in lay causes , and even on capital charges ( ) that m benefice d f any clergy had several churches with cure o souls, and imitated the Bishops in mix ing them selves up w ith lay

a ff i . m a rs For all these he besought the Pope to ﬁnd a re edy. The

’ P O e p at once ordered all the archbishop s petitions to be grante d. ’ The king s clerks vainly attempted to defend the king and the

1 3 ’ a de a x. 201 . Ar G Re iste 165 . F r , chbishop ray s g r, 3 4 D dal M an . 111 . 220 . 16 I d . 221 17 . ug e, , No . . No. 5 W nd xv 2 1 3 R . . 9 . d 2 2 e over, I . 6 . 7 M d of illi m the in His s w W K . argaret, aughter a Lion , g of Scotland ﬁr t ife Isabella i d d of W ill m rl of G wh m J was , th r aughter ia , Ea loucester, o ohn d m d and di d ha c d an who n d . arrie vor e , then ma i e Geoffrey de M andeville RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLA ND AND ROME .

' r of n a - 1 usticia y. The archbishop s eloquence, dignity perso al p j aha32116 a ac earance i m . But p y p , and w sdo , besides his good cause prevailed P no result was obtained ; for on his way homewards the archbishop

S G m sma i in e . di d at e ini, a ll town between Tod and Narni

m on the m R m Et x U bria, third day fro o e . sic ipso e pirante,

x irabant c um cc ne otia m be e p g i petrata. Perhaps it was to expected that Hubert de Burgh should be accused of procuring 2 his a de th by poison . His death of course m ade another election to Canterbury 3 m s d m n fo r R l the necessary : the onk eter i ed to ask alph Nevi le , chancellor and Bishop of Chichester Paris speaks in the highest

m hi s l mo ter s of abi ity and character, and says that the nks chose him as ﬁt i him a and appro ved defender of the r church, likening

ma m d to S. Tho s, who also had been a e archbishop while chan him cellor. in him i The k g accepted at once, and nvested with

te m m me to him for the poralities . The onks ca ask the cost of their journe y and for m oney to pay the fe es at the R om an T h o . hi s n c urt s he absolutely refused, ayi g t at he would not

m . f n of give the a hal pen y for this purpose, as partaking the

ct of m m in o f e chara er si ony. The onks, spite this, w nt to

’ R m and for ﬁ m of . o e, asked the Pope s con r ation the election

The e m n -of the A Pope r ferred to Si on Langto , brother late rch

for te A e t bishop, the charac r of the rchbishop el ct ; Lang on spoke

him as a co urtier of and illiterate, rapid and hasty in speech 3 and that if m in he were thus pro oted, he would aid the king shaking off o f R m m the yoke the Pope and the o an court fro England,

u t to escape the trib te wi h which king John had burdened it.

in hi Langton added that the elect would risk his life t s cause, s n me tru ti g to the appeals made by A bp. Langton at the very ti

h to the co nﬁciens m w en John resigned his crown legate, scriptu ” m ex ecrabile toti undo . The Pope then quashed the election, granting permission to the m onks to elect o ne w ho should be a 4 good pastor o f souls and useful to the English church and f aithful and devoted to the R oman . s Towards the end of this year began the proceedings which m R m in the following year ca e to a head, against the o an clerks

1 ’ i M . Th s is an introduction by Paris int o Wendover s account. att P r a . m . 205 . 2 B . W d V 4 I . 2 8 en over, . 3 M I I I . 2 07 . att. Par . 4 h d i du d b i i n . 208 . T ese last wor s are ntro ce y Par s , 5 R. W d r I V. 2 2 8 . en ove , M 5 6 R ELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D R O E .

A ‘ who beneﬁce d in England. corporation (universitas) styled themselves persons w ho preferred to die rather than to be con

m n all founded by the R o a s, wrote letters to the bishops and k n v m chapters in the country, spea i g of the e ils arising fro the

l iasticks preferment of R oman e cc e s in England, stating that they m of u intend to free the church fro so heavy a yoke servit de, and threatening that if the bishops or cha pters interfere w ith m n the , they will burn their property, and i ﬂict on their posses sions the punishment which the R om ans will suffer in their A mi n m persons . si lar letter was writte to those who far ed the churches of t he R omans . The letters were sent round with

t wo i the seal of the swords, as was usual n the citations to d al of cathe ral churches. The ﬁrst parti result this occurred at ’ 2 A b D m a mm S . l an s in ece ber , where court had been su oned by the order of the Pope to investigate the question of the divorce between the Countess o f Essex an d her husband (R oger de ’

D a ntse R m m Cincio o f . y) a o an clerk , na ed , a canon S Paul s, was seiz ed on his departure from this court by som e m embers f m o o ff. this corporation , and carried He was kept by the for

m e of m l so e weeks, and aft r being despoiled his oney was al owed d d n to escape into Lon on . John de Ferentino, the arch eaco of f m m m Norwich , escaped with di ﬁculty fro the , and concealed hi self m m in London. But ore general atte pts against the foreigners

t o l were fol ow.

1 A . D 2 . 32 .

3 ' The barns of a certain R oman at W ingham in Kent were

m m d to f w ho m pillaged ; co plaint was a e the sheri f, sent so e of fﬁ m k m his o cers to a e enquiries into the atter. They found at

m m en k m m m the barns ar ed un nown to the , who had ade a co plete

o f on rm clearance the corn, and had either sold it easy te s, or W given it away to the poor . hen questioned as to their pro c ee din s m en m o f g , these produced so e forged letters the king, ’ f an t t m ff orbidding y one to in erfere wi h the , on which the sheri s o r W m f ﬁi ce s retired. hen the story ca e to the ears o the Bishop

R le x mm of London ( oger Noir), he e co unicated all concerned in the outrage ; it was thought advisable to call ten bishops together

A nd w ho for the purpose . they involved in the sentence all

on Cincio had laid hands , and the corporation and those who

1 2 3 . W d IV. 2 28 . I d . 2 B 31 . 2 2 en over, I d . 3 . A A M 5 7 R ELATI ONS BETWEEN ENGL ND N D RO E .

m h 1 l had written and sealed the letters . This however see s to ave $0 35( ithe a c had but little effect ; as about Easter tim e a general attack was P pa y .

a of R m made on the b rns the o ans throughout the country, large R m aims being given out of them as before to the poo r. The o an

m in mo t not clerks concealed the selves the nas eries, daring to m in to make a co pla t of their injuries, preferring lose their e property than their lives . These outrages w re chieﬂy done by a band of some eighty men under the command of a knight named Robert de Twenge who too k the name of W illiam

t l be lo w co m Wither. The Pope wro e angri y to the king (see ), n plai ing of the breach of his coronation oath, when he swore m to preserve peace and to do justice bo th to clerks and lay en . He ordered the king under pain of ex communication and inte r

h u m dict, to ave a thoro gh investigation into the whole atter, and h m t r o to punis heavily the guilty, that it igh st ike terror int mm of others . Co issions were sent for the South England to

B o f W of te Peter, p . inchester (as the see Can rbury was still Edmu ndsbur vacant), and the abbat of S . y and for the North G of D m R m w ho A . B . to rchbp ray, the p urha , and John o anus,

d x mm n s were or ered to e co u icate all the tran gressors, and to

m to R m u o send the o e for absol tion , not all wing any appeal . V m of ery any, and those high rank and position , were accused t A nd m of being concerned in hese outrages . any, though not m actively engaged in the , are said to have been consenting par

ties ; Bishops and royal clerks, archdeacons and deans, are men ' tioned m m m of sheriffs m a ong the . So e the were i prisoned ;

m r so e escaped by ﬂight. Hube t de Burgh (as usual) was said

ri . d R t n to be the p ncipal instigator The ringlea er, ober de Twe ge,

m m to had e ca e hi self the king, and said he b en led to take the part he did because he had been defrauded of his one church m k (Kirkleatha , in Yor shire) by an unjust sentence of the Pope and he said he preferred to be unjustly ex communicated for a

m of beneﬁce i h w as ti e than to be despoiled his w t out trial . He

R m him s m i sent to o e, but the king gave letter testi on al as to 2

h m . his right, and begged the Pope to hear i a Twen e R m 12 39 ht g afterwards went to o e, in , and broug his complaint about the church of Kirkleatham in person before the n m m of , Pope, bei g ade the outhpiece of several the English

1 M 2 1 d I V. 2 40 . m . W . 7 . att Par. en over , 2 3 — 4 . m . 0 61 M Par . 6 9 W d IV. 2 42 . . en over, att M E 58 RELAT IONS BETWEEN ENGLAN D AN D RO .

o w ho ha d m r m O . a n bles, si ilar g ievances to co plain f There is he m long letter preserved by Matthew Paris, which brought fro

m to in o w n m t the the Pope, which his trouble is pro inen ly put

e I of m forward ; that is, that wh n the talian rector Kirkleatha d and A ied , when he presented a fit person to it, the rchbishop of Y m him w a n ork refused to ad it . The Pope gave y at o ce, and confirm ed the rights of the English lay patrons over their bene fice s in two letters which he wrote to R ichard of Cornwall I n ff m and to the legate Otho . both this a air of Kirkleatha is ‘ m i R of entioned . Twenge afterwards started w th ichard Cornwall on his crusade ; at lea st when R icha rd was just sailing from

a i him m m him M rse lles, he sent to the E peror to infor of his ’ 2 i u latio . fo r h condition and of the Pope s trap (m usc p ) im . 3 m The see Of Canterbury was still vaca nt . The onks elected

h i r w as the i John, t e r p ior ; he accepted by k ng, and went at “ o nce to R om e for conﬁr mation ; the Pope put him into the hands of an t e x m T Cardinal John de Colonna d o hers for a ination . hey

x m him re n x e a ined for th e days , u der nineteen heads, and e pressed em him th selves satisﬁed . But the Pope thought too Old and

m a i him si ple, and unﬁt for the position , and on his persu d ng m to resign, the elect at once sub itted , and requested leave to

m The n m return ho e . Pope agai ordered the onks to elect a ﬁt 5 m Blu - n . I n nd l person the autu n they chose John , the we l know

x d x f i him O ford clerk , then resi ent at O ord . The k ng accepted , and he too we nt with som e o f the monks to R om e for conﬁrmation . “

10. Feb . The abbey of Beaulieu is allowed to retain the l lfun . m k I n l m o f S u s f . churches ( Sulha , Ber s ) and g esha with

Ch ch seul Cox w ll k n o e l e . its ow n o the chapel of ( , Ber s ) to use the or Of departure death the rectors. (P .

Six th ea r o Gr e or I X y f g y .

‘ A 4 . mmi of m pril Co ssion to the abbat Evesha , the prior D m of Pershore, and the dean of u bleton, to hear and decide in hi ’ a cause respecting tithes in w ch the abbey o f S . Peter s, G loucester, had been injured .

1 M Iv . 4 att . Par . 7 . 2 Th h d e Pope a sent a legate and the Ar chbishop of Arles to stop him he w as on the i of in M . . i v . 46 just as po nt start g att Par. . 3 W d I v 2 34 4 . . I d . 243 en over, . I d . 248 . 6 M n i A l nna . Cisterc . I I I . 441 a r que, . 7 Car tul ium ar S . P etri Gloucest Ha riaz 11 . 62 ( rt) , .

R ELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROM E .

1 ir o w ho w as ao This year R oger le No , Bishop of L ndon, i R m cuse d of being concerned in the riots aga nst the o an clergy, m a went to R ome to prove his innocence . He returned ho e fter

heavy labours and ex penses . 2 1 33. a n.

Jan . 10. The Pope writes to the king declaring null and his void the oaths which he took through fear at coronation not di of the of to recall the grants made in preju ce rights the crown .

(P . " 8 A A m t o Feb . 1 . The rchbishop of r agh is receive the

resignation of the Bishop of Connor, and enjoin a ﬁtting penance, because at the time of his conﬁrmation he had falsely said he

a ea s . w s born in wedlock, and had acted for ﬁve y rs as Bi hop P ( .

I X S eventh yea r of Greg ory .

4 A rchbishO D i resi A pril 1. The p of ubl n is to receive the g f A m n nation o the rchbishop of Tua , and to provide by ca onical

election fo r a new Bishop . (P . 3 5 i May . The Pope ntercedes with the king for Hubert de m Burgh and his wife, and conﬁr s the indulgence by which it is

d for ou t of forbid en the English nobles to be tried the country .

(P . 6 X 14 . I . II I May The Pope writes to Louis and to Henry . i m A of urg ng the to peace, and directing the rchbishop Sens an d

of W the Bishops Paris, inchester, and Salisbury, to induce them

I t u t on to consent . is especially p the cause of the Holy Land.

(P . 7 M a 2 6 A of y . The rchbishop York is directed as to the m of i m anner elect ng the prior of Cart ell . This was to abolish the custom by which the monks nominated two persons and the lay patron selected one . 8 a 2 A M y 8 . rchbishop Gray is advised to build and institute

priests in chapels and oratories where parishes are large . 1 m ” June . Conﬁr ation of the pension granted by the chan cellor Sarracen us £40 to Peter and his heirs of .

1 2 M . 1 2 P . 11 . 40 . hirl R o a l L etters 1 5 1 5 . att ar S ey, y , . 3 Th in 4 M . e er on H ib. 28 . . 70 . , I d . 71 . No No. 5 8 Fa d era I . 2 11. h , R o a l etters 1. 551 S irley , y L , . 7 ’ Ar i G R e is ter 16 8 9 b p y 7 . I d . I d 14 . ch sho ra s g , . n M RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D RO E .

‘ e 33 15 of m me m J . une The Bishop Ely is per itted to absolve jeps 3556 ‘ bers of the University of Cambridge for minor assaults on Papacy

m . clergy en. (P 2 1 n on of Oct. 7 . The ki g is earnestly entreated behalf Hubert

u de Burgh ; the Pope points o t that he has taken the cross, and exhorts the kin g to restore his liberty and to provide what is n f ﬁtti g or his captive wife . (P . A t some period during this year the election of John Blu nd " s Bish0 of to Canterbury was qu ashed. Pari says that the p ' W inchester (Peter des Roche s) wr ote to the Emperor to interest im in his i h self his favour, and there was a story of receiv ng a large sum of m oney from the Bishop for the purposes of his

m w as not be in confir ation . The Pope to influenced this way, and as the elect confessed to holding two benefices w ith cure of

a 2 9th of souls, ag inst the statute the Lateran Council (though it was alleged that he had obtained them before the time of the m council), his election was set aside ; and the onks who had come with him under the Pope’ s direction elected Edmund of

A n ur r to m bi gdon, treas er of Salisbu y, who the Pope sent the

] . m m him pal The onks, however, deter ined to receive neither one x e nor any else e cepting with the cons nt of the convent . John 4 Blund m in 12 39 returned ho e, and died . 6 D 2 ri ff e c 2 . of . The Pope w tes to the su ragans Canterbury, t rm m sta ing that he had conﬁ ed the election of Ed und, and bade m him m l h m the receive with due hu i ity and obey i . (P. A D 12 34 . . .

6 X x r m 12 is I . Feb. . Lou is e ho ted to ake peace with England .

(P. " 3 of D m R March . The Bishops urha and ochester are ordered to supply the defect of the A rchbishop of Canterbu ry and his ' suﬂragans if they are negligent in ex communicating those who d of m isturb the peace the real . (P .

ear o r IX Eighth y f G egory .

8 A of d x mm i e pril 3. The Bishop Ely is or ered to e co un cat any foreigners who shall attempt to dis turb the king by ex citing

1 2 i le Ro a l L ette s 1. 552 . I d . 5 53 . Sh r y, y r , 3 4 Du l A l m . 133 149 . M m 2 43 . att. Par. . nstab e nna s, ,

4 3 Ra l 12 3 4 Ba naldi 1234 18 . yna di , 3 , 6 . y , , 7 9 I d . 556 . Ro a l etters 1 . 554 . Shirley, y L , M . RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AND RO E

him on o w n or t r . war against , either their part, wi h othe s

(P . ‘ A of i to A pril 3 . The rchbishop Canterbury is d rected allay i the discontent caused by the promotion of fore gners . He is to n point out that Englishmen ought not to grumble at foreig ers

n e e : no obtaining honours and beneﬁces in England, si ce th r is

God. acceptance of persons with (P . ” and abbats A pril 5 . The Bishop of Ely the of Fountains and m of W l m R ievaulx are to enquire into the life and. iracles i lia ,

of A ostolick . . A rchbishop York, and report to the p see (P 8 of x m m May 17 . The prior Bordesley is e e pted fro serving

f a e . on Papal comm issions on account o his g . (P “ A The A ll D n r u . 2 6. g church of Saints, ublin, is taken u de

o f and s the protection S. Peter, and all its possessions privilege

n m . co ﬁr ed . (P 4 6 to Sept . . The English prelates are urgently besought aid the cause of the Holy Land they are urged to send a competent

m f m en n m a full nu ber o ﬁghting accordi g to their e ns, pardon being promised to all who go themselves or send others in their place . (P . W ith a view to this Paris tells us that the Pope sent pers ons u of m into England nder the guise si ple nuncios, but with the

of i d r power legates, who by preaching, supplicat ng , or e ing,

r x m m x th eatening, e co unicating, and e acting procurations, reduced m in m th the any England to beggary . Paris see s to say at col lectors got most of the mone y for themselves 5 and speaks in high

m of t of hi . ter s the above let er, the words w ch would penetrate t m c s ony hearts, had not deeds clearly opposite to hu ility and justi e followed. He adds that the consciences of all were grievously injured because the tenth collected before by Ste phen of Anag ni

w m r w as e n for the war ith the E pero , n ither restored or put to

“ mm of any co on purpose for the good and honour the ch urch . “ . The A r b (s d .) chbishop of Canter ury is directed how to ’ act in a suit between a priest and the rector of A nn e (Abbat e

A am i in na . nne in H psh re) study g at Bolog . (P ’ . of D m is i t to (s d. ) The Bishop urha d rec ed pay certain

ums R m n z n wi t s to two o a citi e s who had a suit h his predecessor.

(P .

1 Ro a l etters 1. 556 . M a Ar mal Gis t. W 481 Shirley, y L , nrique, . . 3 4 5 1. M I d . 484 . R e ist . . m . 2 0 . Butler, g att Par. 8 0 7 X. . 38 . 11 . I d . n 2 1 D ee . Gre o . I 1 . . g r . 7 R LA I S BETW EEN G A D AN D OM E E T ON EN L N R . 63

‘ e (s. d. ) Mandat respecting tithes in a suit directed to the ' diiiie

f . m o of A a ac . prior S Bartholo ew and the dean rches, London . P p y

(P. D ” . i (s d. ) irections to the Bishop of Lincoln in a su t between

m ffo two convents (Butley and Ca psey in Su lk) respecting tithes . on m (P. There is another letter this atter. (P . 3 f ’ ’ 2 o . 3. f . Oct . The abbat S Mary s and the prior o S John s,

to m of Lei hlin Dublin, are co pel the Bishop g to restore to the Archdeacon of Leighlin his A rchdeaconry and other things of l him which the Bishop had despoi ed . (P. “

6 i IX . m t Nov. . Lou s is entreated to ake peace wi h England

ma to in order that he y be able send help to the Holy Land .

(P. “ 1 rl - 0. or D m and f Nov. The p of urha sub d ean o York are o to m rdered hold no visitation in the Cistercian onasteries, because

i in s and is ac they ﬂour sh regular di cipline, are annually v ited

of r cording to the statutes thei order. (P. 6 N 2 . l ov . 2 A n indu gence is grante d to the abbat and convent of R di of for n w ho oche, ocese York, the brethre are sent about on s of the busine s the convent. (P . D 5 7 ec. s I l a to . The king is advi ed to give his sister sabe l the m m r a . e peror in a ri ge (P . B (s . d . ) The Bishop of Ely and the abbats of Fountains and Rievaulx are informed that the Pope has read their statement

e mir c A W l m l a resp cting the a les of rchbishop i lia carefu ly, but th t he wishes the witnesse s to send their accounts under seal to the

A ostolick p see . (P.

A D . 12 3 . 5 .

9 . 4 Ar Jan . The chbishop of York and Bishop of Carlisle are m to . A x i of o directed ad onish le ander, k ng Scotland, to bserve the treaty with England respecting the homage and fealty to be

to in of paid the k g England . (P. 10 4 . f Jan . The Pope writes also to the king o Scotland to x him e hort to observe the treaty. (P .

4 . A of D n is i t o e Jan. . The rchbishop ubli d rected enquir

1 9 D I . 11 . 25 10 . ec G e o X 11 22 12 . d . . I . . r g r. . 3 T 2 4 i l R hein . o a l L tt er M on . Hib. 29 . . 7 e ers 1. 557 . , No Sh r ey, y , 5 6 Ma i 472 . I d . Ann. Ctsterc. N . nr que, 7 9 M i Ann. Gist . xv. 481. a de a I 220 . F r , . anr que, 9 1 ° 2 15 11 Theiner a de I 2 14 I d . . 30 . . 74 F ra , . . , No . 64 RELATI ONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AN D ROME.

f sh into certain I rish customs which the late A rchbishop o Ca el

no t to i England and said were intolerable, and allow the k ng of ’ ms his bailiﬁs to be molested respecting the approved custo of the

r count y. (P. l 1 A m x rt to m his Feb . 5 . rchbishop Ed und is e ho ed te per z i d i of his oﬁice. eal with dis cret on, and not to forget the ign ty

(P . ” The A of r x March 2 . rchbishop Bou deau and the Bishop of Basas are ordere d to compel the Count de la Marche to restore

d i s of of n n . Blaye castle, an certa n vassal the king E gla d

(P.

N inth year of Gr eg ory I X .

3 a n f 2 2 m n . n o March . Si on Langto , P Colon a, and Hugh, c no

are re m Pisa, orde d to co pel the Count de la Marche to assent to the truce between France and England . (P . ‘ l A of D of A 8. s pri The rchbishop ublin , the Bishop O sory,

the of A ll D to and prior Saints, ublin, are directed enquire into and send a report of the quarrel between the A rchbishops o f Tuam A m n m of and r agh , respecti g the etropolitical right the church of A rdagh. (P . 5 A l 16 in of x not to pri . The k g France is e horted interpose any cloud of disturbance in the marria ge trea ty between the m ’ I s e . E peror and Henry s si t r sabella. (P 6 r 2 Bis s m A p il 4. The hOp of Limerick and E ly are to receive

of of A r f an d i n him r the resignation the Bishop d ert, ass g a p o v hi s s n i t for h ision for su tenance, and provide by ca on cal elec ion t e r o f A chu ch rdfert. (P. 2 A “ " A pril 7. The rchbishop of A rm agh and Bishop of

Clonfert are to receive the resignation of the Bishop of Cloyne,

for him out of o of G and provide the go ds the church of lovno.

(P . 8 A l 2 8. A s A of pri n wer to the rchbishop York, settling a question about tithes between the recto rs of paris h churches and m in i onks his d ocese.

1 irl Ro a e t 3 l ters 1. 558 . 1d . 559 . Sh ey, y L , I d. 559.

4 5 - Theiner , 30, N o . 75 . H il d Breholles i v 1 u lar , . . 537 . ' 6 iner 7 The 31 . N o . 7 6 . I d . 77 , No. . 3 ’ A i G Re ister 1 3 rchb shop ray s g , 7 . R A I W G A D AN D R M EL T ONS BET EEN EN L N O E .

8 l 1 . h o f and to June The Bis ops Ely London are directed 365562543 Pa c of n o f H ar tfo rd f pa y . confirm the election Joh to the abbey o S . ’ him fit Alban s, if they find a person . (P . G 2 m 18. June ilbert Marshal , Earl of Pe broke, with his bro A m I W thors W alter and nsel , and their lands in reland and ales,

’ are taken under the Pope s pro tection. (P. 3 A rchbish0 of A m to June 26. The p r agh is directed receive

of s of hi m the resignation the Bi hop Meath, and to provide for m out of the episcopal inco e. (P . 1 “ m July . The king is absolved fro the oath which he had taken to alienate certain rights of the crown o n the ground that it was contrary to the former oath which he had taken at his corona m tion to preserve the . (P . 5 w to to July 1. The Pope rites the king say that he has

m abbats of x R d received his essengers, the Bo ley and obertsbri ge,

of n h f and has written to the king France o t e affairs o Poitou .

(P. " Lichﬁeld de D 2 1. A x ec . le ander , Bishop of , is directed to prive of their beneﬁces all who attempt to enforce their claims to

’

f . their athers livings (P. It r n de s R of was du i g this year that Peter oches, Bishop

W R m mm o f inchester, went to o e by the co ands the Pope . He had s m l in seen con iderable i itary service the Holy Land, and the

P w m w x as R as . ope, who at war with the o ans, an ious for his help

He of m or knew, says Paris, that the Bishop had plenty oney, if not W i , that there was plenty in nchester diocese,and the Pope preferred that the Bishop should spend his treasure in his service a in f r ther than that o any other. There were great troubles in England this year arisi ng from the au r in s f oppressions practised by the C s usurers . The Bi hop o

Lon and x mm m u don first warned then e co unicated the 3 they, tr st in to R m o n R m g their influence at o e, prevailed the o an Court to u old m b r le that the Bishop, who was now and infir , should e cited 1 peremptorily in distant foreign parts be fore judges o f their o w n ” cho m er ice, to answer for the inj uries thus done to the Papal Ch “ ’ an . f to m ts The Bishop, pre erring hide his father s sha e like

1 M l d il i l i . a I II . 316 tt. Par. . Paris gives very fu l eta s as to th s e ect on 2 3 Thei I d . N o . 82 . ner 32 . 8 1 . . , No _

5 V 505 . a dera I n i A nna l. Cisterc . I . F , . 22 9 . Ma r que, 7 I 331 332 . M . . I I . le Ro a l ette s I . 560. a P , Shir y, y L r , tt ar 5 L . 66 RELATIONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AN D ROME .

D . 12 . A . 35 em as H am to x m e Sh than e pose it, quieted the tu ult that aros A cts o f the

a ac . a P p y nd committed his cause to the protection of S . Paul .

of 12 35 I of the Here, at the end the year , bring this digest ’ w as W Pope s proceedin gs to a close . This the year when endover

to —it w as R bri ngs his history an end, the year in which obert

w o f I Grosseteste as consecrated Bishop Lincoln, and have spoken elsewhere of the condition of the Church in England at this time; A nd 1237 t m in O ho ca e to England as legate, and a fresh period, mm as it were, co enced .

A on of n few words are, however, called for, the state thi gs

on a Otho found in England, and his char cter and inﬂuence in

r - the count y . The very strong anti Papal bias that characterises

has Matthew Paris, perhaps blinded subsequent historians to the

w ff o ork e ected by the legate, and to the best points f his charac I t m n ter. is clear that his ission was i tended to be a conciliatory

one . m w x w of He ca e to England ith the e perience and kno ledge, n m h A t th the cou try that his previous ission had given im . e

m and of outset, even Paris speaks of his odest bearing, his refus m ff d him ‘ ing any valuable gifts that were o ere . He began by ” of a t A t reconciling several the nobles who were variance . the conﬁrmation of Magna Charta he ex com municated all who should ” m him th infringe it . Of the presents ade by e king and the Bishop 4 o f W i u nchester, he would only receive a portion . Tho gh he w as one of the unpopular with portion nobles, the king had evidently

ff him on m a genuine a ection for , and ore than one occasion when

he had been recalled by the Pope, had succeeded in obtaining a

. of mm m R m “ reversal this co and fro o e . W hen at length he did " go, it was with bitter grief that the king parted with him . The — great charge against him that of avarice and rapacity— while it

m x cannot be denied, is to so e e tent palliated (that is as far as he is of personally concerned) by the needs the Papal Court, in its h the m A n desperate struggle wit e peror . d in all other respects a m his char cter ust stand high . He evidently did his best for the welfare of the Church of England during the time he lived in his m England , and his returning to prison at Naples, fro which l him m m Frederick had a lowed te porary freedo , in order to be the l TV. present at conclave which elected Ce estine , not only

1 M 2 i i n . 403 . 1d . 40 atthew Par s , 3, 404 . 8 m W k nna l M A . onas t . W 83 Tho as y es , . p . . 4 M m 5 5 404 . P , . I d . 473 52 6 531 . 4 . atthew aris Id xv . 8 , , .

' M RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AND RO E .

on and small that concerned the Church in this country. That

w x the whole, the powers of the Papacy ere judiciously e ercised,

n I an d o f ca not, think, be denied ; that the object the Popes,

s m w a s to do m m e . at least at thi ti e, right, see s to equally clear

A n d m of a. no doubt in any cases injustice in England, there was help to the oppressed in the knowledge that there ex isted at least

h of m t e power of appeal to the central authority Christendo , that at least a tribunal ex isted which was independent of local inﬂu e n ces r l m to the u m , and put fo th its c ai s be representative of s pre e ‘ A nd hi m n n justice . t s, in a y cases, was a reality, and a blessi g t o m m the oppressed . Yet, at the sa e ti e , it probably caused less carefuln ess in ecclesiastical causes to be observed in the cou ntry d A n d than if there had been no appeal to a istant tribu nal . the w d delay caused by appeals , even hen a right ecision was ﬁnally

m u m of e v iL obtained, st have produced a vast a ount Moreover the Popes could not be made thoroughly aware of the real state of m i m the case in any nstances, and were therefore liable to be isled by party and interested statements made at R ome by any that could get the ear of the Pope and persuade him that their v iew

one one o f was the true and the only deserving the Papal support . W e see this in this reign especially in the interest Fawkes de

e m for m R m Breaut was able to ake hi self at o e, and the strong hi s f m b n representations in avour ade y the Pope to the Ki g, which would have been quite impossible for the head of the Church to

m b e th man have ade , had known the truth, and the character of e

“ m w a s for who he interceding. A want of independence too in the country would necessarily be the result of there being in so many cases a ﬁnal appeal to b a foreign tr i unal . How this acted on individual character m ay be seen as well in the case of the king as with many of the lead ing ’ m If m his church en . the king could not ove father s body without m of ma the per ission the Pope, it y be well seen ho w little of

of the . Am d i d country ple evi ence of th s is given above, an still more may be s e in t of the l l e n o hers roya etters . 1 m im th So et es, however, the Papal power was brought to bear on e side I n 1 of oppression . 237 the monks and beneﬁced clergy were compelled to i of all i the ki l d the g ve a ﬁfteenth the r property to ng . They appea e to Pope. But by his authority the Archbishops and Bishops compelled those to pay “ ” w m the la ld not m i de stituto s l i M i ho y power cou , o n so at o . atthew Par s, 1 22 . i m . p . That th s was done by Papal authority is an insertion of Paris ’ n W do i to en ver s account. R A I W E G A D AND EL T ONS BET EEN N L N ROM E . 69

ow n m tere sts r R eview of a. free agent he was when the Pope s we e concerned . t he Pe riod And thus there gre w up a gradual feeling against wha t in time 21333582 “ ” m a to . m t came be felt as a foreign do ination Men y uni e, says ‘ “ of z n m n to the historian the By a tine e pire , volu tarily receive

m of mm t the dog as a co on religion, but hey cannot accept a foreign ecclesiastical establishment without som e feeling of hostility to the ” foreign priesthood which invades their independence . A t the same time we must give the Popes at this period credit

d of for a genuine and earnest esire for the peace the country. Both as to internal and ex ternal affairs there is ample e vidence

h o wn n given above of t is . No doubt it was for their i terest that the country should be at peace, and not disturbed by foreign wars,

the e m as Papal tribute would th n be ore readily and easily paid. A nd it could only be by there being a state of peace between the chief nations of Europe that there could be any chance for that so of B cause dear to the Popes, the success the crusade. ut from w whatever cause, the whole po er and inﬂuence of the Papacy were to w n h m directed put do n rebellio at o e, and to prevent invasion f m d ro abroa , as far as England and France were concerned .

Much of the inﬂuence of R ome was O f necessity ex ercised monastick through the and capitular bodies . The object of the m w as x m — d greater onasteries to be e e pt, free , that is , from episcopal the R m superintendence, and subject directly to see of o e . They fancied this saved them from the worries incident to having an ecclesias tical superior in their immediate neighbourhood ; but they felt bitte rly the necessity of their abbats visiting the limina aposto m , , if nOt on loru every three years a duty which , always insisted , 2 m m of w was ade a point at the ad ission each abbat , and could al ays x be e acted. Then too their ex emption gave the Bishops less inter est in the monastick establishments—perhaps even made them t — m m hos ile and when the stor ca e they had few, if any, episcopal defenders. The cost of having to send to R ome for so m any petty m appeals ust have been a very serious item in the m onastick ex enditure p , and, though the necessity Of thei r being produced at R m m m o e ade the onks careful of their charters, little good could h ave been produced in having local affairs thus delegat e d to a

1 F nl B zantine H istor 1 , 1 . 8 i ay y y , p . 0. ' 2 “ Apostolorum limin sin ulis triennu s visitabo aut me a g , per aut per ” nuncium m m i i absolvar li li n i i eu , n s aposto ca ce t a . Profess on of abbat John of H d ’ “ . Al Ma ri 111 318 . d ertfor , of S ban s. tthew Pa s, . Quo graviter a ' ’ ccepimus are ds i of t " Paris s wor on th s part he profession. ' 70 RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND ROM E.

n w r n dista t tribunal . Ho ever, ve y generally the Popes appoi ted aggwigg - t mi und e :con a commission of persons on the spot to determine he nor ” l em ma s W m Bis ho ricks cause . ith regard to the appoint ent to the p and A t of R m m bbeys, the prac ice the o an see see s generally to have ’ been at this time to allow free elections to the electing bodies ,

caS e s aft and to have conﬁrm ed the elections in most , er the king

d fﬁ ; o f had given his assent, without any i culty But in the case m a disputed election the agents of both parties we re heard at R o e. A nd the object of the Popes seems certainly to have been to keep

o ut n ﬁ ﬁ m the of w ho u t persons, and to con r best those were

ni l ﬁ es W e t n to t cano ca ly elected to their high o c . ough ever forg e w m d that it as R ome that placed Stephen Langton and S . Ed un

on of r t the throne Canterbu y, af er quashing the previous elections, i men w ho the and prevent ng utterly unﬁt , were put forward by

r m r m n e in king o elected by the onks, f o holdi g the chief plac the

Church of England. But n of R m , after all, what led the way to the rui the o an power in England w as the avarice of the Popes and the greed d 2 isplayed by their nuncios and legate s. No doubt the Popes

m s D m of G were hard pressed the selve . uring the Popedo regory I m X . his m s h f r , war with the e peror u t ave been a fright ul d ain o n the resources of the holy see ; and he looked to England as m of m ff the readiest eans replenishing his e pty co ers . The Peter

e i a to tax for s a p nce, the tr bute g reed by John, the the cru de, which

te m r m last was of n e ployed by the Popes for their own pu poses, ust s have been a heavy load upon England at thi time. A nd in addi ” to s ro s n w as m man I talians tion thi , the p vi io that ade for so y , to

1 m m the m n d So eti es , however, Popes no i ate entirely on their own

. Llandafi 12 19 . A authority See the case of in ( bove, p . 9 ' A lam l n an hi ccu d 1240 w entab e i st ce of t s o rre in , hen Pietro Rosso was l d the x in m sent into Eng an apparently for sole object of e tort g oney . He was a t i d wi the m first assoc ate th legate Otho , but re ained in England after his d u i of l . M , g iv . 35 epart re us n the style a egate ( atthew Paris , , 37 , He i d wi h de i who was assoc ate t one Peter Sup no, appears chiefly to h x i d his in I d I d ave e erc se functions relan ( . Frederick sent his y W l (19 Gem d A i of C to H notar a ter (afterwar s rchb shop apua) enry III . , to in d him z m b f y f E l d . T d f uce to sei e the e ore the le t ng an hey crosse in sa ety, ' d d b the m mi in I but were afterwar s capture y e peror s e ssaries taly, and their l d I d spoi s confiscate . ( . 3 in 1240 the e Later , , Pope s nt to the Archbishop and the Bishops o f i and li m to i L ncoln Sa sbury, requiring the prov de for 300 Romans in the first a benefices and d n m r m v cant , suspen i g the f o giving awayany benefices N. till um n d d for. M h that berwas provi e att ew Paris . IV. 31, 32 . RELATI ONS BETW EEN ENGLAND AND ROME .

in Re iew of h m n bene ﬁces . v w o the Popes forced the E glish Bishops to give the Period i m m under co n their d oceses, was another eans by which English oney went sideration. to support things and persons w ith which the country had no W e m n . concern, and fro which it only reaped i jury have seen the n discontent which this produced in the country. Ma y of the

Italians thus beneﬁced were entirely ignorant of the . language f r m and habits o the people, and only cared for thei own te poral ’ concerns . Even in ordinary cases it is to be feared that money was abso lutely necessa ry to obtain justice at R ome . There is a perpetual complaint of the cost that so simple a matter as the conﬁrming the ” A nd election of an abbat required . this is repeated so continu

o f m ally, both by the chroniclers and in the songs the ti e, that,

h m a m x even thoug it y be in so e cases e aggerated, we cannot m s doubt that it is in the ain true . in n Thus, even the begin ing of the thirteenth century, when

the r m so the Popes were so powerful, English gove n ent weak, were the seeds of disruption already Springing up and bearing f t I t t x of rui . was clear, even then, hat the e isting state things

a : t could not l st that when the country grew s ronger, the central m m I f authority of Christendo ust gradually lose its inﬂuence . it m m mi k so m m ade so any sta es, caused uch isery, when its power i w h was a real ty and its inﬂuence on the whole for good, at result

n a could be looked for when its authority had grow we k, that of u n other co ntries stro g, and when additional years had rather added to its corruptions than freed it from its errors ?

1 ’ G s etters . 443 E cl de adventu M See . m 64 rossete te s L , p c eston inoru , p . . 2 See the account of the conﬁrmation of John of Hartford as abbat of ’

in h bbatum . l i Al t e G a A r. 30 ban s , esta S ban , 9 . 3 i l m d il In III . See the cur ous song, probab y co pose wh e nocent was Pope.

Cum ad m i Papa vener s, habe pro constanti, N on l au eri li favet da t est ocus p p , so n i ; Vel m rsestitum ali uanti si unus p non est q , Res ondet hic i N on mih p t bi sic , est i tanti. t l‘ ' I 9

ua rit t uaarit ll ueerit Papa q , char ula q , bu a q , ure rit din i uze rit uze rit Porta q , car al s q , censor q , m ua rant et d des uni deerit O nes q ; si quo ,

m ns m . Totu j falsu est, tota causa perit

OLI . 16 P TICAL SON GS , (Camd. S oc. ) p .

ND THE E .