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Longwing (Heliconius) Butterflies Combine a Restricted Set of Pigmentary and Structural Coloration Mechanisms Bodo D
Wilts et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:226 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1073-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Longwing (Heliconius) butterflies combine a restricted set of pigmentary and structural coloration mechanisms Bodo D. Wilts1,2* , Aidan J. M. Vey1, Adriana D. Briscoe3 and Doekele G. Stavenga1 Abstract Background: Longwing butterflies, Heliconius sp., also called heliconians, are striking examples of diversity and mimicry in butterflies. Heliconians feature strongly colored patterns on their wings, arising from wing scales colored by pigments and/or nanostructures, which serve as an aposematic signal. Results: Here, we investigate the coloration mechanisms among several species of Heliconius by applying scanning electron microscopy, (micro)spectrophotometry, and imaging scatterometry. We identify seven kinds of colored scales within Heliconius whose coloration is derived from pigments, nanostructures or both. In yellow-, orange- and red-colored wing patches, both cover and ground scales contain wavelength-selective absorbing pigments, 3-OH-kynurenine, xanthommatin and/or dihydroxanthommatin. In blue wing patches, the cover scales are blue either due to interference of light in the thin-film lower lamina (e.g., H. doris) or in the multilayered lamellae in the scale ridges (so-called ridge reflectors, e.g., H. sara and H. erato); the underlying ground scales are black. In the white wing patches, both cover and ground scales are blue due to their thin-film lower lamina, but because they are stacked upon each other and at the wing substrate, a faint bluish to white color results. Lastly, green wing patches (H. doris) have cover scales with blue-reflecting thin films and short-wavelength absorbing 3-OH-kynurenine, together causing a green color. -
The Genetics and Evolution of Iridescent Structural Colour in Heliconius Butterflies
The genetics and evolution of iridescent structural colour in Heliconius butterflies Melanie N. Brien A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Science Department of Animal & Plant Sciences Submission Date August 2019 1 2 Abstract The study of colouration has been essential in developing key concepts in evolutionary biology. The Heliconius butterflies are well-studied for their diverse aposematic and mimetic colour patterns, and these pigment colour patterns are largely controlled by a small number of homologous genes. Some Heliconius species also produce bright, highly reflective structural colours, but unlike pigment colour, little is known about the genetic basis of structural colouration in any species. In this thesis, I aim to explore the genetic basis of iridescent structural colour in two mimetic species, and investigate its adaptive function. Using experimental crosses between iridescent and non-iridescent subspecies of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, I show that iridescent colour is a quantitative trait by measuring colour variation in offspring. I then use a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping approach to identify loci controlling the trait in the co-mimics, finding that the genetic basis is not the same in the two species. In H. erato, the colour is strongly sex-linked, while in H. melpomene, we find a large effect locus on chromosome 3, plus a number of putative small effect loci in each species. Therefore, iridescence in Heliconius is not an example of repeated gene reuse. I then show that both iridescent colour and pigment colour are sexually dimorphic in H. -
Butterflies and Pollination Welcome!
BUTTERFLIES AND POLLINATION Welcome! Welcome to Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden! We ask that you please read the following rules to your group before you begin your visit. • Stay with your group during your entire visit. • Respect our wildlife; do not touch, chase, or feed the animals. • Walk only on designated paths or grass. • Do not climb trees or pick flowers or fruits from plants. • Keep your voices low to respect other guests. • Self-guided groups are not allowed at the Garden Cafe, in the Gift Shop or on the Tram. In your backpack, you will find the materials needed for this program. Before leaving the Garden, we ask you to please ensure that all the materials are back in this backpack. At the end of your visit, return this backpack to the Visitor Center. If any materials are lost or damaged, the cost will be deducted from your deposit. ACTIVITY SUPPLIES: • 3 Butterfly Program booklets Butterfly Background Information Activities • Comparing Butterflies and Moths pictures - 10 • Butterfly vs. Moth Venn Diagramworksheets - 10 • Butterfly Life Cycle worksheets - 10 • Butterfly Antomy worksheets - 10 Lisa D. Anness Butterfly Garden • Lepidopterist For A Day worksheets - 10 • South Florida Butterfly Guides - 10 Wings of the Tropics: Butterfly Conservatory • Wings of the Tropics Butterfly Guide - 6 • Exotic Butterflies in the Wings of the Tropics Conservatory - 6 • Butterfly Behavior Guide - 6 Whitman Tropical Fruit Pavilion • Pollination Match cards - 3 sets of 12 cards • Optional: clipboards - 10 Get Started 1. Review the Introduction, Vocabulary List, activity descriptions, and butterfly field guides included in the backpack. If you are going to the butterfly conservatory please review the Wings of the Tropics: Butterfly Conservatory Guidelines with your students before entering the butterfly conservatory. -
K & K Imported Butterflies
K & K Imported Butterflies www.importedbutterflies.com Ken Werner Owners Kraig Anderson 4075 12 TH AVE NE 12160 Scandia Trail North Naples Fl. 34120 Scandia, MN. 55073 239-353-9492 office 612-961-0292 cell 239-404-0016 cell 651-269-6913 cell 239-353-9492 fax 651-433-2482 fax [email protected] [email protected] Other companies Gulf Coast Butterflies Spineless Wonders Supplier of Consulting and Construction North American Butterflies of unique Butterfly Houses, and special events Exotic Butterfly and Insect list North American Butterfly list This a is a complete list of K & K Imported Butterflies We are also in the process on adding new species, that have never been imported and exhibited in the United States You will need to apply for an interstate transport permit to get the exotic species from any domestic distributor. We will be happy to assist you in any way with filling out the your PPQ526 Thank You Kraig and Ken There is a distinction between import and interstate permits. The two functions/activities can not be on one permit. You are working with an import permit, thus all of the interstate functions are blocked. If you have only a permit to import you will need to apply for an interstate transport permit to get the very same species from a domestic distributor. If you have an import permit (or any other permit), you can go into your ePermits account and go to my applications, copy the application that was originally submitted, thus a Duplicate application is produced. Then go into the "Origination Point" screen, select the "Change Movement Type" button. -
Freedom Is More Than a Word
FREEDOM IS MORE THAN A WORD THE FIELD FOUNDATION 2019 – 2020 BIENNIAL REPORT CELEBRATING 80 YEARS TABLE OF CONTENTS Board Chair Letter - Gloria Castillo . 1 President’s Letter - Angelique Power . 2 Leadership History . 4 History/Retrospective Including interviews with Marshall Field V, former Field President Handy Lindsey and former Executive Director Aurie Pennick . 5 Field Fellowship Highlights/Voices from the Field . 11 Portfolio Stories (Art, Justice, Leadership Investment and Media & Storytelling—Written by Program Officers) . 17 2019-2020 Grantees . 32 2019-2020 Special Consideration Fund Grantees . 38 Cover photo credit: The casket of Rep. John Lewis crosses the Edmund Pettus Bridge by horse-drawn carriage during his July 2020 memorial service in Selma, Ala. Photo by John Bazemore, Associated Press. A WORD FROM OUR CHAIRWOMAN “...an opportunity to imagine a truly equitable America.” FREEDOM IS MORE THAN A WORD The year 2020 will be one that historians will study for years to come, a global pandemic and its economic impact will deserve examination and analysis . Historians will look anew on the nation’s largest grassroots movement; the people demanding a more just society . Today, racial justice is a national focus and provides an opportunity to imagine a truly equitable America . As we celebrate 80 years of the Field Foundation, we are reminded that our founder Marshall Field III had deep insights into issues that divided America and the need to build one community, one nation, by addressing racism and intolerance . In his book, Freedom is More than a Word, he suggested a pledge: I will respect the rights of all men equally, without regard to their race and creed. -
Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118
Birds vs. Butterflies: Exhibiting Tropical Passerines and Lepidoptera in the Osher Rainforest Exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 The Osher Rainforest exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences houses a mixed species display of birds, butterflies, tropical plants, reptiles, fish, and amphibians in a spherical glass greenhouse. The exhibit was designed to house a diverse and naturalistic selection of species originating from rainforest habitats around the world; providing unique challenges for husbandry staff to successfully display a diverse selection of tropical Lepidoptera with insectivorous Passerine species chosen for exhibit. Photo 1: Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Photo 2: Heliconius hecale nectaring Introduction Displaying live tropical butterflies successfully with insectivorous birds naturally poses many challenges. Since opening in 2008, the species of exhibit butterflies remained relatively unchanged resulting in regular predation and fewer butterflies on display. In 2017, the exhibit underwent significant renovations to improve how visitors experienced live butterflies, creating opportunities to make changes to husbandry, improve the habitat, and try new species of butterflies at elevated numbers while maintaining compatibility with the existing bird collection. These changes aimed to increase the survivability and maximize the diversity of butterflies on display. New feeding -
Chicago on the Aisle 147 CHICAGO STUDIES
Chicago on the Aisle 147 CHICAGO STUDIES Claudia Cassidy’s Music Criticism and Legacy HANNAH EDGAR, AB’18 Introduction Criticism of value is not a provincial art. It has nothing whatever to do with patting undeserving heads, hailing earnest mediocrities as geniuses, or groveling in gratitude before second-rate, cut-down or broken-down visitors for fear they might not come again. It is neither ponderous nor pedantic, virulent nor hysterical. Above all, it is not mean-spirited. Ten what is it? Ideally, criticism is informed, astute, inquisitive, candid, interesting, of necessity highly personal. Goethe said, “Talent alone cannot make a writer. Tere must be a man behind the book.” Tere must be a person behind the critic. Nobody reads a nobody. Unread criticism is a bit like an unheard sound. For practical purposes it does not exist. — Claudia Cassidy 1 1. Claudia Cassidy, “Te Fine Art of Criticism,” Chicago, Winter 1967, 34. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 148 In June 1956, Chicago magazine ran an eye-catching cover story. A castle composed of colorful shapes, as though rendered through collage, overlap over a parchment-white backdrop. In the form of one of the shapes is a black-and-white photo of a woman of indeterminate age: fair-faced, high cheekbones, half-lidded eyes, a string of pearls around her neck and a Mona Lisa smile on her lips. She is named, coronated, and damned in one headline: “Claudia Cassidy: Te Queen of Culture and Her Reign of Terror.”2 When Bernard Asbell wrote this profle, Clau- dia Cassidy was the chief music and drama critic of the Chicago Tribune and at the height of her career. -
Patterns of Genome Size Diversity in Invertebrates
PATTERNS OF GENOME SIZE DIVERSITY IN INVERTEBRATES: CASE STUDIES ON BUTTERFLIES AND MOLLUSCS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by PAOLA DIAS PORTO PIEROSSI In partial fulfilment of requirements For the degree of Master of Science April, 2011 © Paola Dias Porto Pierossi, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-82784-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-82784-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
North Shore Sample
T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s Volume I Acknowledgments . iv Introduction . vii Maps of Long Island Estate Areas . xiv Factors Applicable to Usage . xvii Surname Entries A – M . 1 Volume II Surname Entries N – Z . 803 Appendices: ArcHitects . 1257 Civic Activists . 1299 Estate Names . 1317 Golf Courses on former NortH SHore Estates . 1351 Hereditary Titles . 1353 Landscape ArcHitects . 1355 Maiden Names . 1393 Motion Pictures Filmed at NortH SHore Estates . 1451 Occupations . 1457 ReHabilitative Secondary Uses of Surviving Estate Houses . 1499 Statesmen and Diplomats WHo Resided on Long Island's North Shore . 1505 Village Locations of Estates . 1517 America's First Age of Fortune: A Selected BibliograpHy . 1533 Selected BibliograpHic References to Individual NortH SHore Estate Owners . 1541 BiograpHical Sources Consulted . 1595 Maps Consulted for Estate Locations . 1597 PhotograpHic and Map Credits . 1598 I n t r o d u c t i o n Long Island's NortH SHore Gold Coast, more tHan any otHer section of tHe country, captured tHe imagination of twentieth-century America, even oversHadowing tHe Island's SoutH SHore and East End estate areas, wHich Have remained relatively unknown. THis, in part, is attributable to F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, whicH continues to fascinate the public in its portrayal of the life-style, as Fitzgerald perceived it, of tHe NortH SHore elite of tHe 1920s.1 The NortH SHore estate era began in tHe latter part of the 1800s, more than forty years after many of the nation's wealtHy Had establisHed tHeir country Homes in tHe Towns of Babylon and Islip, along tHe Great SoutH Bay Ocean on tHe SoutH Shore of Long Island. -
Caumsett State Park
WELCOME TO MY WEBSITE At this site, you will find: I. Introduction II. Background discussion of the geology of Caumsett Park III. Earth Science classroom and field activities for Caumsett Park IV. History of Caumsett Park V. Self-guided walk at Caumsett Park VI. Bibliography I. Introduction My name is Jane Tofel. I teach Earth Science at Cold Spring Harbor High School, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. My educational background includes a Bachelor’s degree from Skidmore College in Geology, and a Master’s from SUNY Stony Brook in Invertebrate Paleontology. I have been teaching in Cold Spring Harbor since 1990. I am currently involved in a course at SUNY Stony Brook called "Research Projects for Earth Science Teachers." Each member of us will be generating field guides and/or student activities specific to our own school district or particular interests, and will be includ- ed at this website. My study area is in Caumsett State Historic Park, located on Lloyd Neck (For a discussion, see History of Caum- sett State Historic Park.) One of my goals is to design some activities for Earth Science teachers to use with their students, written to supplement the Regents Earth Science Syllabus, and that utilize some of the resources at Caumsett. The first half of this packet is designed for the classroom; the second half is for small groups of students to do together, on their own time, at Caumsett. If you are an Earth Science teacher, the enjoyment of field work probably had a lot to do with your career choice. Another aspect of Earth Science that appeals to me is that it is, quite literally, everywhere. -
Egg Parasitoid Community on Heliconiini Butterflies in a Panamanian Rainforest
WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY LABORATORY OF ENTOMOLOGY Egg parasitoid community on Heliconiini butterflies in a Panamanian rainforest No: 08.21 Name: Joop Woelke Period: February 2008 – June 2008 Thesis: ENT-80424 Supervisor: Ties Huigens 2nd examinator: Marcel Dicke Abstract Egg parasitoids use insect eggs as food for their young by laying there own eggs inside their host eggs. They can find their host eggs in many different ways. One strategy includes the chemical espionage on anti-aphrodisiac pheromones of cabbage white butterflies that are transferred from males to females to render females less attractive to other males. Minute Trichogramma wasps exploit these pheromones by specifically hitch-hiking with mated female butterflies to an oviposition site. Anti-aphrodisiac pheromones are also known from neotropical Heliconius butterflies like Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene . In a tropical lowland rainforest around the Pipeline road area of the Soberania National Park (Panama) Heliconiini eggs are known to be parasitized by parasitoid wasps. This study includes a field survey that represents a first step to understand if hitch-hiking parasitoid wasps constrain the use of anti-aphrodisiac pheromones by Heliconiini butterflies in nature. I describe a survey of the egg parasitoid community on Heliconiini butterflies in the area around Pipeline road from February to April 2008 in which not only parasitism rates of Heliconiini eggs on different Passiflora plant species were determined but also adult Heliconiini butterflies were monitored for the presence of different families of egg parasitoid wasps. In total 317 Heliconiini eggs were found on 6 Passiflora plant species and 51 of them were parasitized by egg parasitoids (parasitism rate = 16.1%). -
MS Word Template for CAD Conference Papers
948 Geometric Analysis of Proportion and Movement of the Wings of the Bee, the Mosquito and the Butterfly Dina Rochman 1 , América Sánchez 2 and Alfredo Almaraz 3 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, [email protected] 2Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, [email protected] 3Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, [email protected] Corresponding author: Dina Rochman, [email protected] Abstract. In this work, we present the research carried out at the Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Cuajimalpa in México City, with the objective of studying if there is a relationship between different types of insect wings. In this project, we work with the European bee that belongs to the Apidae family, the common house mosquito of the Culicidae family and a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. We find, using the geometric Morphometrics technique, the numerical values of the “X” and “Y” coordinates of the points in space and we model the solid. We built three prototypes in 3D printing, and made three virtual models with their respective stress analysis perform and movement simulation. For the physical prototypes, we used a 4mm tick ABS plastic, and a stainless-steel hook-shaped wire with of 2 mm of diameter was placed in the center of the wing’s heavier parts as an axis. In addition, to perform the wing movement simulation and the stress analysis three proposals were made: (1) the wing without structure, (2) the wing with a straight structure and (3) the wing with the hook structure. From this research, the hypothesis of our project arises: the insect wing simulation differ if an axis passes through the center of the heavier parts of the wing.