DOCSLIB.ORG

Tissue Interrelations and Reciprocal Inductions During the Genesis of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tissue Interrelations and Reciprocal Inductions During the Genesis of The PARENCHIMA TESTIS IN ONTOGENESIS BY RADU LIVIU INTRODUCTION The formation of the contort seminiferous tubules (tubulus seminifer contortus) is multi factorial dependent: first of all it is dependent on the tissue interrelations that determine the phonotype transformations of the primordial structures and second, by the genetic induction factors. The existence of a time and space interval between the genesis of the testis structures and its functional debut imposes the knowledge of the proliferation, migration and assembly processes undergone by the primordial cell populations while changing into structural precursors. Although there have been 159 years since the discovery of the “interstitial endocrine cell” (Endocrinocytus interstitialis) by Franz Leydig (1850) and 144 years since the description of the “support cells” for the spermatogenetic cells (Epitheliocytes sustenans) by Enrico Sertoli (1865), there still are many questions about the genesis of the contort seminiferous tubules precursors: 1. What are the consequences of the germinal cell primordial migration inside the gonad crest? 2. What are the determinants factors of the phenotype transformation undergone by the celomic epithelium from the anterior an internal margin of the mesonephros body? 3. Why are the “primordial germinal cells” visible inside the lecitocel wall only at the three weeks embryo, at quite a distance from the definitive locations – gonad crest? 4. Why the sexual anatomic characteristics appear only after the seventh week of the embryo ante partum life, although the genetic sex is determined during fecundation? 5. What are and how do the “primitive sexual cords” form? 6. When and how do the Leydig interstitial cells form? Are they perennial structures or they have a biphasic evolution? 7. When and how the Sertoli cells form and what is their contribution to “testis cords”? 8. Why do the “testis cords” become “seminiferous tubules” only after puberty? The purpose of this paper is the knowledge of the sexual (testis) cords distribution and of their relations to the mesenchym derived from mesonephros inside gonad crest during their evolution dynamics. The objectives of the paper are bound to the evaluation of the sexual cords structural stages, to the topographic differentiation of the Leydig interstitial cells and to the mesenchym role in straight tubules (rete testis) networking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study has been accomplished on two human embryos aged five and seven weeks respectively, and on four human fetuses aged 12, 16, 24 and 32 weeks. The embryos were completely embedded in paraffin and sectioned along the transverse plane. The testis harvested from fetuses were embedded in paraffin and sectioned along the frontal plane. RESULTS The analysis of the serried sections made through the five weeks embryo allowed us to evaluate the location and the relations of the gonad crest to the mesonephros and embryo celom (Figure no. 1, A). The micro anatomic study of the fetus testis was achieved on organs harvested from fetuses aged 12, 16, 24 and 32 weeks. At the organ periphery we identified the albuginea tunic and the testis septa (septula testis) that determine compartments inside the medullar of the gonad crest (Figures no. 1C, 2A). When examining with the 10x and 20x objectives we easily identified the sexual cords and their stereo distribution relations to the mesonephros mesenchym migrated inside gonad crest (Figures no. 2 B- D). The sexual (testis) cords have curve trajects and are C, V, U, S, A shaped (Figures no. 2B and 2C). When examining by 20x and 40x one can notice the sexual cords structure: germinal cells, Sertoli cells and lamina limitans (Figures no. 3A-E). Mesenchym around sexual cords forms the “interstitius testis” tat contains Leydig cells (Endocrinolocytus interstitialis) (Figure no. 3G). On the intern side of the testis gonad medullar part, there are rectangular sexual cords (Figure no. 4). DISCUSSIONS There is a time and space interval between the anatomic evolution of the testis structures and their functional debut. This process is determined by the migration and/or differentiation of the cell populations implemented in the genesis of the seminiferous tubules precursors and of the interstitial connective tissue. The primitive sexual cords develop by the participation of the mesonephros and celomic epithelium cells that migrate to the gonad crest. They are made of sustaining cells that surround completely the germinal cells. The gonad crest that contains mesonephros mesenchym and the primitive sexual cords have two regions: cortical and medullar. After the sixth week of ante partum embryo life the evolution of the gonad crest depends on the embryo sex. There are two factors that determine the sex: TDF (testis determining factor) and SRy (the region on the y chromosome that determines sex). Since the seventh week the cells inside the primitive sexual cords, originating from celom, differentiates only to Sertoli cells (Epitheliocytus sustenans) containing SRy and producing TDF (testis determining factor). The differentiating Sertoli cells organize and form testis sexual cords that also contain germinal cells (Cellulae spermatogenice). At puberty the testis sexual cords get a lumen and differentiate to seminiferous tubules (Tubulus seminifer convolutes et rectus). The mechanism by which the Sertoli cells precursors contact the germinal cells is not elucidated. It is admitted that the relations between the Sertoli cells and primordial germinal cells play an important role in the male sexual cell development. In this way the new mitosis are inhibited until puberty. Equally the Sertoli cells synthesize the anti muller hormone (AMH) that determines the regression of the para mesonephros ducts in male and probably induces the differentiation of Leydig cells from mesenchym. The testosterone secretion by Leydig cells ante partum is controlled initially by the chorionic gonadtrophin secreted by placenta and afterwards by the pituitary gonadtrophins. Another characteristic of the male gonad in humans and mammals is the existence of two Leydig cells generations: the first appears ante partum and is implicated in morph genesis and the second appears at puberty and plays a role in the development and sexual maturing of the individual. The secret of testis development is bound to the synergic gene interaction: SRy, SOX9, WT1 (Wilms’ tumor 1 gene) and the genes for the nuclear receptors (Dax1 and SF1). Testosterone has an important effect on the nervous system. It is considered that testosterone represent a necessary condition of the male sexual orientation as part of the psychosocial behavior. In the absence of testosterone or in the presence of an inactive testosterone by androgen receptor anomaly, the subject presents a feminine psychic orientation. Most of genetic anomalies appeared during sexual differentiation express by a discrepancy between the genetic sex and the phenotype sex. In sexual development pathology there are gonad abnormal geneses at male as well as at female. The most frequent chromosome anomalies in men are: Klinefelter syndrome (abnormal genesis of seminiferous tubules) and the XX man that has hyaline seminiferous tubules, loss of germinal elements and Leydig cells hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS 1. Sexual (testis) cords are structures generated by the interactions between the Sertoli cells derived from celom and the germinal stem cells migrated from the gonad crest mesenchym of mesonephros origin. 2. The phenotype transformation of sexual (testis) cords in contort seminiferous tubules takes place at puberty when tubule lumen and spermatozoid differentiation appear. 3. Gonad compartments such as lobules appear after testis septa organization by mesonephros mesenchym differentiation. 4. Leydig interstitial cells differentiate from mesenchym cells probably by Sertoli cells induction and under gonadtrophin control. 5. The knowledge of the male gonad structural particularities during ontogenesis is important in medico-legal anthropology. Figure no. 1 A. Location and relations of gonad crest at 5 weeks embryo. B. Sexual (testis) cords relations to the mesenchym originated from mesonephros and the differentiation of albuginea at a 12 weeks human fetus. C. Compartments inside gonad crest medulla after the appearance of testis septa and the evolution of mesenchym relations to sexual cords (16 weeks human fetus). 1. Crista mesonefrica; 2. Crista gonadalis; 3. Cavitas peritonealis; 4. Chordae sexuales; 5. Mesenchyma; 6. Albuginea testis; 7. Septula testis. Hematoxiline Eosin stain, Oc. 7 Figure no. 2. A. Sexual (testis) cords groups delimited by primordial septa (24 weeks human fetus). B, C. Sexual cords have variable curve trajects and are implemented in mesonephros mesenchym. D. Rectangular sexual cords deep inside testis medulla region. 1. Septula testis; 2. Chordae sexuales; 3. Mesenchyma; 4. Rectangular sexual cords. Hematoxiline Eosine stain Figure no. 3. Stages of structural evolution of the testis sexual cords and their relations to mesonephros mesenchym. 1. Cellulae germinalis; 2. Epitheliocytus sustenans; 3. Lamina limitans; 4. Cellulae spaematogenicae; 5. Chordae sexuales; 6. Interstitium testis; 7. Endocrinocytus interstitialis. Hematoxiline Eosine stain Figure no. 4. Genesis and evolution of the rectangular sexual cords in the medial testis medulla region. Hematoxiline Eosine stain Bibliography 1. LeMoigne A., Biologie du development, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1995. 2. Pansky B., Embryologie humaine, Ed. Ellipses, Paris, 1986. 3. Hamilton, Boyd and Mossman’s, Human embryology, Ed. Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1972. 4. Aslan R.A., Kogan A.B., Gondos B., Testicular development, p. 1950-1955. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Ed. Plon A.R., Fox W.W., Abman H.S., Ed Saunders 2004 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences
    Original Article Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences Article History Received: 4th March, 2020 Sahel J. Vet. Sci. Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 19-25 (2020) Revised: 3rd June, 2020 Copyright © 2020 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri Accepted: 7th June, 2020 All rights reserved Published: 30th June, 2020 Structure of the Leydig Cell in the African Sideneck Turtle (Pelusios castaneus) Olukole, S. G. and Oke, B. O. Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. * Author for Correspondence: [email protected]; +2348033574752 Abstract The African sideneck turtle (Pelusios castaneus) is a freshwater turtle of West African origin used in traditional medicine with little consumption as meat. There have been documentations on the reproductive biology of the turtle with no report on the structure of the Leydig cell of the animal. We described the structure of the Leydig cell of the adult African sideneck turtle using histology, microstereology and transmission electron microscopy. The Leydig cell of the African sideneck turtle were elliptical in shape when found proximal to blood vessels and elongated at other points within the testicular interstitium. Leydig cells occurred in cords or clusters of varying sizes and numbers (3-5 cells) that appear to be random in distribution possessing round to ovoid nuclei containing small amount of peripherally disposed heterochromatin with prominent nucleoli. The seminiferous tubules of the turtle occupied about 85% of the total testicular parenchyma while the interstitium occupied 15% of it. Of this 15%, the Leydig cell occupied about 10% while the stromal elements, inclusive of blood vessels occupied the remaining 5%.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physiology and Immunology of the Endocrine Testis
    tì/ jì;:llilul s\ t: 1.q_ 81 LI Àt{Y THE PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE TESTIS by Simon MADDOCKS, B.Ag.Scl. (Hons) A thesls submltted to the Unlversfty of Adelalde ln fulfl'lment of the requlrements for the degree of Doctor of PhllosoPhY Department of Anlmal Scfences Walte Agrlcultural Research Instltute The UnlversitY of Adelalde March 1987 lì,.,ì,r(,:,td r/ riÈ"1 Know'ledge and wlsdom far f rom belng oner. Have ofl tlmes no connexion. Knorledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other men; Wlsdom ln minds attentlve to thelr otvn' Know'ledger a rude unprof ltab'le massr The meré materials with whlch wlsdom bul'ldsr Tfl.|smoothldandsquarldandflttedtoftsplacer Does but encumber whom lt seems trenrlch' Knowledge ls proud that he has learnrd so much; Wisdom ls humb'le that he knows no more' I{il'l lam CowPer ( 1731-1800) '_ .å Cowper Poetical Works TABLE OF CONTENTS f CONTENTS vii ABSTRACT x DECLARATION xl ACKNOt{LEDGEMENTS PREFACE xlff PART I: T CTIAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 2 1. 1. INTRODUCTION 2 L.2, THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE TESTIS L.2,L. Introducti on 2 L.2.2. The Leydfg cells 7 r.2,2. I, Anatomy 7 L.2.2. 2. Relatiónship to blood vessels, lymph vessels and seminiferous tubul es L2 .2.2 3, Re]atfonshlp to other ce]ls in fnterstlt'lal tissue I5 I 18 ,212 4. Hormones produced by the Leydfg ce1ìs I 22 L .2.3 The Sertoll cells 24 T .2,3 I. AnatomY I .2.3 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Leydig Cells in the Postnatal Testis
    Histol Histopathol (2004) 19: 985-997 Histology and http://www.hh.um.es Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology Review Effects of thyroid hormones on Leydig cells in the postnatal testis S.M.L.C. Mendis-Handagama and H.B.S. Ariyaratne* Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA *Present address: Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Summary. Thyroid hormones (TH) stimulate oxidative Key words: Thyroid hormone, Leydig cells, Stem cell metabolism in many tissues in the body, but testis is not differentiation, Leydig progenitor cells, Steroidogenesis, one of them. Therefore, in this sense, testis is not Aging considered as a target organ for TH. However, recent findings clearly show that TH have significant functions on the testis in general, and Leydig cells in particular; Introduction this begins from the onset of their differentiation through aging. Some of these functions include triggering the Leydig cells are the main source of androgens in the Leydig stem cells to differentiate, producing increased mammalian male. In this paper, efforts have been made numbers of Leydig cells during differentiation by to review the available literature on TH on Leydig cells causing proliferation of Leydig stem cells and in the postnatal testis. progenitors, stimulation of the Leydig cell steroidogenic function and cellular maintenance. The mechanism of Leydig Cells action of TH on Leydig cell differentiation is still not clear and needs to be determined in future studies. Franz Leydig, a scientist from Germany, first However, some information on the mechanisms of TH described the Leydig cells in the testis interstitium in action on Leydig cell steroidogenesis is available.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis
    1 Anatomy and Physiology of Male Gametogenesis Alex Varghese, Fnu Deepinder, Angali Chandra, Ang Wen Jeat, Furquan Pathan, Ashok Agarwal ABSTRACT Basic understanding of the male reproductive system is fundamental in effective evaluation and treatment of male infertility. This chapter is a concise introduction to the male reproductive anatomy and the intricately designed process of spermatogenesis along with its hormonal control. INTRODUCTION Understanding the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system is a key to effective evaluation and treatment of male infertility. It comprises of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and urethra. ANATOMY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Development The male urinary and reproductive systems share a common developmental origin. The testes and extra-testicular ducts arise from three different tissues: intermediate mesoderm, mesodermal epithelium and primordial germ cells. • The intermediate mesoderm forms a urogenital ridge that gives rise to testicular stroma and the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct. • The mesodermal (coelomic) epithelium gives rise to Sertoli cells and the paramesonephric duct. • The primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac and give rise to the spermatagonia. Sexual differentiation occurs in the seventh week of gestation in embryos carrying the Y-chromosome. 4 ANDROLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL Transcription of the SRY gene present on the Y-chromosome leads to synthesis of testis-determining factor (TDF) protein. Secretion of TDF protein stimulates the nascent Leydig cells to produce testosterone, causing development of the mesonephric duct. It also stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete Mullerian-inhibiting factor (MIF), which leads to the regression of the paramesonephric duct. This cascade of events leads to the formation of male internal genital organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Ernst Haeckel's Embryological Illustrations
    Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud Ernst Haeckel’s Embryological Illustrations By Nick Hopwood* ABSTRACT Comparative illustrations of vertebrate embryos by the leading nineteenth-century Dar- winist Ernst Haeckel have been both highly contested and canonical. Though the target of repeated fraud charges since 1868, the pictures were widely reproduced in textbooks through the twentieth century. Concentrating on their first ten years, this essay uses the accusations to shed light on the novelty of Haeckel’s visual argumentation and to explore how images come to count as proper representations or illegitimate schematics as they cross between the esoteric and exoteric circles of science. It exploits previously unused manuscripts to reconstruct the drawing, printing, and publishing of the illustrations that attracted the first and most influential attack, compares these procedures to standard prac- tice, and highlights their originality. It then explains why, though Haeckel was soon ac- cused, controversy ignited only seven years later, after he aligned a disciplinary struggle over embryology with a major confrontation between liberal nationalism and Catholicism—and why the contested pictures nevertheless survived. INETEENTH-CENTURY IMAGES OF EVOLUTION powerfully and controversially N shape our view of the world. In 1997 a British developmental biologist accused the * Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge CB2 3RH, United Kingdom. Research for this essay was supported by the Wellcome Trust and partly carried out in the departments of Lorraine Daston and Hans-Jo¨rg Rheinberger at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. My greatest debt is to the archivists of the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus, Jena: the late Erika Krauße gave generous help and invaluable advice over many years, and Thomas Bach, her successor as Kustos, provided much assistance with this project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mystery of the Vanishing Reinke Crystals☆,☆☆ Hector Mesa MD A,⁎, Scott Gilles MD B, Sophia Smith MD B, Susan Dachel HT A, Wendy Larson HT A, J
    Human Pathology (2015) 46, 600–606 www.elsevier.com/locate/humpath Original contribution The mystery of the vanishing Reinke crystals☆,☆☆ Hector Mesa MD a,⁎, Scott Gilles MD b, Sophia Smith MD b, Susan Dachel HT a, Wendy Larson HT a, J. Carlos Manivel MD a,b aDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Health Care Service, Minneapolis, MN 55417 bDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Received 18 November 2014; revised 19 December 2014; accepted 2 January 2015 Keywords: Summary Reinke crystals (RC) are pathognomonic of Leydig cells (LCs); they are thought to be rare in Human; normal testes and to occur only in approximately one third of LC tumors. We noticed that crystals present in Reinke crystal; touch imprint and frozen sections of an LC tumor disappeared after tissue fixation. This phenomenon led us Leydig cell; to hypothesize that their reported low frequency in normal and neoplastic LCs may be secondary to Histology; degradation/dissolution of the crystals after formalin fixation. Our review of the literature also led us to Special stain; hypothesize that RC are better preserved after air-drying and alcohol fixation. We collected testicular Immunohistochemistry samples from 21 autopsies including air-dried cytologic preparations and tissue samples that were fixed in alcohol or formalin. We found that RC are common in normal LC but dissolve rapidly in formalin and slowly and only partially in alcohol. The composition of RC is unknown; however, they have been reported to stain specifically for nestin, an intermediate filament expressed mainly in neural and muscle tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Eduard Uhlenhuth/Anatomy Department Library
    Dr. Eduard Uhlenhuth Papers Item Type Other Authors Wink, Tara Publication Date 2020-12-11 Abstract Dr. Eduard Uhlenhuth was a professor of Anatomy at the University of Maryland School of Medicine from 1925 until his retirement in 1955. In 1957 he was named professor emeritus. He was an avid book collector amassing an extensive collection of Anatom... Keywords Uhlenhuth, Eduard; Department of Anatomy; Anatomical Book Collection; Anatomy; Anatomy--education; Anatomists; University of Maryland, Baltimore; University of Maryland, Baltimore. School of Medicine; Medical education Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Download date 28/09/2021 04:39:25 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14245 Eduard Uhlenhuth/Anatomy Department Library Title Author Date Found in Cat Notes De Medicina Aulus Cornelius Celsus 1497 Cordell Coll "On Medicine" Matthaei Curtii…In Mundini Anatomen Commentarius Elegans & Docties Mondino dei Luzzi 1551 Cordell Coll De conceptu et generatione hominis : et iis quae circa hȩc potissimum consyderantur, libri sex Jakob Rueff 1554 Cordell Coll "On Conception and Generation in Man" Gabrielis Falloppii medici Mutinensis Obseruationes anatomicae Gabriel Fallopius/Falloppio 1562 Cordell Coll Theatrum anatomicum Caspar Bauhin 1605 Cordell Coll 1st ed. De lactibus sive lacteis venis Gaspare Aselli 1627 Cordell Coll Syntagma anatomicum Johann Vesling 1647 Cordel Coll Corporis hvmani disqvisitio anatomica Nathaniel Highmore 1651 Cordell Coll
    [Show full text]
  • Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud: Ernst Haeckel's Embryological Illustrations
    Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud: Ernst Haeckel’s Embryological Illustrations Author(s): Nick Hopwood Source: Isis, Vol. 97, No. 2 (June 2006), pp. 260-301 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/504734 . Accessed: 18/06/2014 22:26 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.34.79.49 on Wed, 18 Jun 2014 22:26:41 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Pictures of Evolution and Charges of Fraud Ernst Haeckel’s Embryological Illustrations By Nick Hopwood* ABSTRACT Comparative illustrations of vertebrate embryos by the leading nineteenth-century Dar- winist Ernst Haeckel have been both highly contested and canonical. Though the target of repeated fraud charges since 1868, the pictures were widely reproduced in textbooks through the twentieth century. Concentrating on their first ten years, this essay uses the accusations to shed light on the novelty of Haeckel’s visual argumentation and to explore how images come to count as proper representations or illegitimate schematics as they cross between the esoteric and exoteric circles of science.
    [Show full text]
  • Leydig Cells in the Testis of the Rat
    LEYDIG CELLS IN THE TESTIS OF THE RAT Heterogeneity, development and similarities with macrophages Oms lag De foto aan de voorzijde toont een gedeelte van de testis van een volwassen rat, ca. 200x vergroot. In dit stukje testisweefsel is het volgende te onderscheiden. Een deel van een zaadvorroend buisje, lopend van linksonder naar rechtsboven, met daarin, vaag zichtbaar, de zaadcellen. Aan de rechterzijde erlangs loopt, als een donkere streep, een bloedvat. Het weefsel eromheen, het interstitium, bevat voornamelijk Leydig cellen (grijze massa) en macrofagen (zichtbaar als donkere vlekken door opname van de kleurstof trypaan blauw). De compositie aan de achterzijde toont een varieteit aan testispreparaten en histochemische kleuringen. LEYDIG CELLS IN THE TESTIS OF THE RAT Heterogeneity, development and similarities with macrophages LEYDIG CELLEN IN DE TESTIS VAN DE RAT Heterogeniteit, ontwikkeling en overeenkomsten met macrofagen PROEFSCHRIFT 1ER VERKRUGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE GENEESKUNDE AAN DE ERASMUS UNIVERSITEIT ROTIERDAM OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF.DR. M.W. VAN HOF EN VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DEKANEN. DE OPENBARE VERDEDIGING ZAL PLAATSVINDEN OP WOENSDAG 14 MEI1986 OM 15.45 UUR DOOR RINKJE MOLENAAR GEBOREN TE ROTTERDAM 1986 Offsetdiukkerij Kanters B.V., Alb Iasser dam PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof.Dr. H.J. van der Molen Promotor: Prof.Dr. J.F. Jongkind Overige !eden: Prof.Dr. J.J. van der Werff ten Bosch Prof.Dr. C.J.G. Wensing Dit proefschrift werd bewerkt in het instituut Biochemie II (Chemische Endocrinologie) van de Faculteit der Geneeskunde, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Het onderzoek werd mede mogelijk gemaakt door steun van de Stichting voor Medisch Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FUNGO.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Leydig Cell Development in Thera T Testis
    CHARACTERIZATION OF LEYDIG CELL DEVELOPMENT IN THERAT TESTIS by Juan Zhai Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies of the Medical College of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy MAY, 1996 CHARACTERIZATION OF LEYDIG CELL DEVELOPMENT IN THERAT TESTIS This dissertation is submitted by Juan Zhai and has been examined and approved by an appointed committee of the faculty of the School of Graduate Studies of the Medical College of Georgia. The signatures which appear below verify the fact that all required changes have been incorporated and that the dissertation has received final approval with reference to content, fonn and accuracy of presentation. This dissertation is therefore accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree ofDoctor ofPhilosophy. Date ' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge and express my appreciation to my major advisor Dr. Tom Abney and my advisory committee, Drs. Virendra Mahesh, Tom Mills, William Hill and Ken Lanclos, for their support and advice. The author is appreciative of the advice and help from Drs. Darrell Brann, Roni Bollag and Lawrence Hendry. A special thanks is extended to my frie~ds Chris Reilly and Edward Pan for their support and being there to listen to all my complaints. Thanks are extended to Angela Foreman and Gene Canady for their friendship and help. lll DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my father, Shouyi Zhai, whose love and wisdom had made a great contribution to my life and career. IV TABLE
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Nephropathology
    www.nephropathol.com DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2018.44 J Nephropathol. 2018;7(3):213-216 Journal of Nephropathology A rare testicular tumor with elevated alkaline phosphatase Mohammadreza Khosravifarsani1, Mohammad Bahadoram2, Seyed Mohamad Kazem Nourbakhsh3, Roham Nikkhah4, Mohammad Davoodi5* 1Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2Medical Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 4School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 5Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article type: Background: The majority of Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are found in males, usually when Case Report they have 5–10 years of age. Children typically present with precocious puberty due to excessive testosterone secreted by the tumor, one-third of female patients present a recent Article history: history of progressive masculinization. Alkaline phosphatase is normally at low levels. Received: 18 December 2017 Accepted: 19 February 2018 Case Presentation: A 30-year-old male referred to the hospital with a complaint of fever, chills, Published online: 10 March 2018 nausea and weight loss, and history of diabetes mellitus type 1. In the physical examination of testis, no abnormal findings were revealed. Scrotal ultrasonography demonstrated a small (7.5 ×4.8 mm) mass which seemed to be very vascular and suggestive of neoplastic Keywords: Leydig cell tumor lesion. Echogenicity of the head of the right epididymis was heterogeneous and the Testicular neoplasms small cyst of about 4.5 mm was present on it.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentación De Powerpoint
    A rare cause of hirsutism Shaishav S Dhage1,2, Safwaan Adam1, Jan Ho1, Ambar Basu2,3 1.University Of Manchester 2.Royal Bolton Hospital 3.University of Bolton Clinical Presentation Post-OP Follow-up Presenting complaints and past medical history Voice - mild improvement 50 yrs old lady, Deepening & hoarseness of voice since 18 months - 2yrs Reduction in hair growth but mature hair persisted Excess facial hair, coarse & thick hair on chin, chest & back – 6 months or so S. Testosterone - < 0.45 nmol/L ,S. Free androgen index – 0.9 Non specific Lt sided chest pains Vaniqua cream (Eflornithine) or laser on medical grounds after D/W GP Excess hair since 1 ½ yrs, shaving regularly, tried laser treatment privately, on & Symptomatic treatment for hot flushes. off lower abdominal pains since 6 – 8 months. Loss of appetite & lost 1 stone in 6 Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumours weeks, Ex smoker, No regular medications. No history suggestive of Cushing`s syndrome or thyroid problems. Endometrial ablation for menorrhagia – 2008 The Leydig cells have abundant eosinophilic or light No significant family history. pink cytoplasm. The Sertoli cells have a pale/clear Examination cytoplasm. Wt 80 Kg, BP- 130/80, Mild hoarseness of voice Leydig cells are named after German anatomist Evidence of shaved hair on face, chin, upper chest & back, some over abdomen Franz Leydig, discovered in 1850. mostly terminal hair; Modified Ferriman Gallwey scale > 15 (Normal < 6-8). Leydig cells secrete androgens testosterone, No striae/neck hump/moon face/easy bruising signs, No temporal hair recession androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone No muscular or psychological changes, On systemic examination- no abnormality (DHEA),when stimulated by LH PA- No palpable mass.
    [Show full text]