Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management Annual Report 2006 Project PE-1 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) Apartado aéreo 6713 Cali, Colombia, S.A. Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management (Project PE-1) Project Manager: Segenet Kelemu Fax: (572) 445 0073 Email: [email protected] Adminsitrative Assistant: Melissa Garcia Email: [email protected] Crop and Agroecosystem Health Management (Project PE-1). 2006. Annual Report, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, 222 pp. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Project Description and Log Frame……………………………………………………….. 1 Narrative project description…………………………………………………………….…... 1 Project log Frame ( 2006 – 2008 ) .......................................................................................... 8 CGIAR Output template 2006 ……………………………………………………………….. 11 Output 1: Pest and pathogen complexes in key crops described and analyzed (779 kb) 12 1.1. Identification of commonbean genotypes and interspecific lines resistant to Rhizoctonia solani 12 1.2. Virulence characterization of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum isolates collected from different bean growing departments of Colombia 15 1.3. Identifying and developing molecular markers linked to ALS resistance genes in common bean 17 1.4. Identifying and developing molecular markers linked Pythium root rot resistance 22 1.5. Identification of molecular markers linked to rice blast resistance genes 26 1.6. Characterization of strains of cassava frogskin virus 32 1.7. Monitoring of whitefly populations in the Andean zone 38 1.8. Mortality levels of new pesticides for the control of whitefly populations 40 1.9. Molecular characterization of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. infecting tree 44 tomato, mangoand lemon Tahiti in Colombia 1.10. Identifying strategies for managing anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata) (Anamorph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of soursop ( Anona muricata L.) emphasizing varietal resistance 54 1.11. Molecular and pathogenic characterization of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose of Andean blackberry on accessions from Valle del Cauca 67 1.12. Anthracnose of Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.): Variability in species and races of the casual agent and identification of sources of resistance to the disease 72 1.13. Characterization and identification of phylotypes and sequevars of isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum obtained from plantain, banana, and Heliconia sp. In Colombia 76 Output 2: Pest-and-disease management components and strategies developed for key crops (392 kb) 86 2.1. Levels of resistance to important insect pests confirmed in bean progenies 86 2.2. Screening for sources of resistance to major insect pests 97 2.3. Screening for virus resistance transmitted by Bemisia tabaci biotype B in snap beans 98 2.4. Evaluation of Brachiaria hybrids for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani under field conditions in Caqueta 100 2.5. Bacterial endophytes in Brachiaria 103 2.6. Endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria associated with Brachiaria 108 2.7. Characterization and comparison of partial sequence of nifH gene in four strains of endophytic bacteria associated with Brachiaria genotypes 113 2.8. Validation of thermotherapy of stem cuttings, plant extract and Trichoderma to manage cassava diseases in the Eastern plains region and in Cauca (Colombia) 119 2.9. Improving nutritional management for the preventive control of downy mildew of roses (Peronospora sparsa) 126 2.10. Resistance induction in roses to reduce severity of downy mildew by applying 132 potassium phosphate 2.11. Microbiological and Physicochemical evaluation of lixiviates from decomposing 136 plantain rachises and pseudostems and their effectiveness in managing bacterial wilt 2.12. Physicochemical characterization of lixiviates from decomposing rachises, pseudostems, and fruit of plantain 138 2.13. Detecting Ralstonia solanacearum in lixiviates from decomposing rachises and pseudostems of plantain 142 2.14. Identifying live and dead cells of Ralstonia solanacearum exposed to lixiviates from plantain residues, phosphoric rock, and french marigold 144 2.15. Determining the control of bacterial wilt in plantain seedlings by different types of lixiviate 146 2.16. Effect of lixiviates on controlling bacterial wilt in soil under field conditions at the santa Elena farm, municipality of Armenia, Quindio 154 Output 3: Strengthened capacity of NARS to design and execute IPM R&D, to apply molecular tools for pathogen and pest detection, diagnosis, diversity studies and to device novel disease and pest management strategies (162 kb) 161 3.1. Developing integrated pest management strategies for whiteflies 161 3.2. Socializing research results on managing bacterial wilt of plantain 165 3.3. Capacity Building 166 3.3.1. List of students supervised in 2006 166 3.4. Training and consultancy services offered during 2006 171 3.5. Conferences, workshops, meetings attended by one or more staff of PE-1 project 174 3.6. List of visitors to the various research activities of PE-1 project 176 3.7. List of awards to staff in Project PE-1 178 3.8. List of ongoing special projects in 2006 179 3.9. List of project proposals and concept notes developed with partners 186 3.10. List of publications 188 3.11. List of partners / collaborators 193 Output 4: Global IPM networks (Integrated Whitefly Management Technology) and knowledge systems developed (382 kb) 198 4.1. Dissemination of validated IPM Technology in developing countries affected by whitefly pests and whitefly - transmitted viruses that hinder food production and socio-economic development in the Tropics. 198 4.2. Integrated management of whiteflies (homoptera: aleyrodidae) on cassava. 210 Annexes (35 kb) 220 5.1. List of Staff 220 5.2. List of Donors 222 Dedication: With great admiration and respect, we dedicate this annual report to Dr. César Cardona for the many years of outstanding service that he gave and for the high quality of research in tropical entomology and the impact he has made to improve agricultural productivity and to protect the environment. Born in Colombia, Dr. Cardona received his BSc. in Agronomy in 1965 from the National University of Colombia. He joined the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) [1965-1971], where he held a series of positions from research assistant all the way to senior scientist conducting research on insect pests of cotton and fruit crops in Colombia. He continued his education and pursued a Ph. D. in Entomology at the University of California at Riverside. While at UC- Riverside, he received the "Harry S. Smith" Award. This award is conferred to the best graduate student (1971), given by the Department of Entomology. He received his Ph.D. in entomology in 1972 and soon after joined the Colombian National Association of Cotton Growers as Head of the Technical Department Cotton Growers Federation (1971-1978). Dr. Cardona joined CIAT in 1978 as an entomologist in the Bean Program and worked in that position until 1981. He was responsible for research on control of insects affecting beans in Latin America, particularly focusing on host plant resistance. He then moved and worked at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) as a legume entomologist for the following 5 years. He returned to CIAT in 1985 as a bean entomologist. In 1997, he added forage entomology to his research responsibility and continued his outstanding and exemplary research until July 2006. Since July 2006, he has served as a consultant to the Forage Entomology program. All throughout these years he continued his affiliation with the National University of Colombia. He has served as a lecturer and associate professor to the university in several occasions. He is an innate teacher; and under his supervision and mentorship 25 BSc., 5 MSc. and 4 PhD. thesis have been completed. Among his other professional participation we can list his memberships in the Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Socolen, Colombia), the Entomological Society of America (U.S.), Florida Entomological Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Cardona’s contribution to science has been enormous, making direct impacts on improving the lives of poor farmers. Some of his most outstanding research accomplishments include: 1) pioneering work on host plant resistance to six major insect pests affecting bean production in Latin America and elsewhere; 2) elucidation of the role of arcelin (a novel protein) as the factor conferring resistance to the Mexican bean weevil in beans; and 3) development, testing and implementation of a highly reliable, mass screening methodology to facilitate breeding for resistance to spittlebugs in Brachiaria, thus contributing to the development of Brachiaria hybrids with high levels of resistance to several spittlebug species. This led to the characterization of mechanisms of resistance to all six major spittlebug species present in Colombia. Dr. Cardona has also distinguished himself as a prolific writer, having authored or co-authored more than 123 refereed journal publications (emphasis on host plant resistance and problems related to insecticide abuse), over 7 book chapters, one book on host plant resistance to insects, and many other publications including, pamphlets, brochures, working documents, etc. He has been the recipient of numerous and prestigious awards such as the” National Agricultural Award“1991, given by the Ministry of Agriculture of Colombia and the “Meritorious Service