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Introduction to Computers

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Introduction to Computers Mohammad Murtaza Khan I.T EXPERT / FACULTY MEMBER Contents What is a computer? ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Hardware vs. software .............................................................................................................................. 1 What are the different types of computers? ............................................................................................ 2 Desktop computers ............................................................................................................................... 2 Laptop computers ................................................................................................................................. 2 Tablet computers .................................................................................................................................. 3 Servers................................................................................................................................................... 3 Other types of computers ..................................................................................................................... 3 PCs and Macs ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Understanding Operating Systems ............................................................................................................... 4 What is an operating system? .................................................................................................................. 4 The operating system's job ....................................................................................................................... 4 Types of operating systems ...................................................................................................................... 4 Microsoft Windows ............................................................................................................................... 5 Mac OS X ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Linux ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Operating systems for mobile devices .................................................................................................. 6 Understanding Applications .......................................................................................................................... 7 What is an application? ............................................................................................................................. 7 Types of desktop applications................................................................................................................... 7 Installing applications ............................................................................................................................... 8 Files and applications ................................................................................................................................ 8 Understanding the Cloud .............................................................................................................................. 8 What is the cloud? .................................................................................................................................... 8 Why use the cloud?................................................................................................................................... 9 What is a web app? ................................................................................................................................. 10 Examples of web apps ......................................................................................................................... 10 Basic Parts of a Computer ........................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Computer case .................................................................................................................................... 10 Monitor ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Power cord .......................................................................................................................................... 11 I Keyboard ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Mouse ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Mouse alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 12 Buttons and Ports on a Computer .............................................................................................................. 13 Front of computer case ........................................................................................................................... 13 Back of computer case ............................................................................................................................ 13 Other types of ports ................................................................................................................................ 13 Peripherals you can use with your computer ......................................................................................... 13 Inside a Computer ....................................................................................................................................... 15 A look inside a computer ........................................................................................................................ 15 CPU/processor ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Motherboard........................................................................................................................................... 16 Power supply unit ................................................................................................................................... 16 RAM (random access memory) ............................................................................................................... 16 Hard drive ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Expansion cards ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Video card ........................................................................................................................................... 17 Sound card .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Network card ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Bluetooth card .................................................................................................................................... 18 Laptop Computers ...................................................................................................................................... 18 What is a laptop computer? ................................................................................................................... 18 How is a laptop different from a desktop? ............................................................................................. 18 Beginning to Use Your Computer ............................................................................................................... 19 Starting up a new computer ................................................................................................................... 19 Migrating your files and settings ............................................................................................................ 20 Installing peripherals ............................................................................................................................... 20 Getting to Know the OS .............................................................................................................................. 20 Getting to know your computer's OS ..................................................................................................... 20 Getting to know the desktop .............................................................................................................. 21 Your computer's file system ............................................................................................................... 21 Opening your computer's file system ................................................................................................
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