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Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Linux Was? Wie? Wo? Hä? Hauke Stieler 15. Oktober 2019 Hauke Stieler Linux 1 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation 1 Linux 2 Kernel 3 GNU 4 Distributionen 5 Installation Hauke Stieler Linux 2 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Wat is Linux? Eigentlich: GNU/Linux Kernel und kein Betriebssystem 1991 von Linus Torvalds angekündigt UNIXoid (so wie MacOS auch) Hauke Stieler Linux 3 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Linus Torvalds Hauke Stieler Linux 4 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Linus Torvalds Hauke Stieler Linux 5 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Warum Linux? Du bist Informatiker! Lerne was neues, erweitere deinen Horizont Volle Kontrolle über das Betriebssystem Flexibel anpassbar Für Programmierer besser geeignet Paketverwaltung Besseres Sicherheitskonzept A free world In a world without borders, fences and walls, who needs Gates and Windows? Hauke Stieler Linux 6 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Vorurteile Nur was für Nerds Zu kompliziert Man kann nicht zocken Zu unsicher weil open source Zu wenig verbreitet, kein support Schlechte Hardware Unterstützung Kann keine MP3/MP4/... abspielen Keine Profi-Anwendungen (Photoshop, Office, etc.) vorhanden Hauke Stieler Linux 7 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Verbreitung Desktop: 2% Mobil: 77% Server: 70-96% Supercomputer: 100% (seit Nov. 2017) Hauke Stieler Linux 8 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation 500/500 Supercomputern 100 BSD NA/mixed Linux 90 Unix NA/mixed 80 Windows BSD 70 Mac 60 % 50 Unix Linux 40 30 20 10 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Hauke Stieler Linux 9 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation 1 Linux 2 Kernel 3 GNU 4 Distributionen 5 Installation Hauke Stieler Linux 10 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Was ist ein Kernel? Schnittstelle zur Hardware Speicherverwaltung Prozesse & Threads Treiber (zumindest bei Linux) Hauke Stieler Linux 11 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Was ist ein Kernel? Linux kernel SCI (System Call Interface) Memory Process I/O subsystem management management subsystem subsystem Linux kernel Virtual File System Virtual Signal Terminals Sockets File systems memory handling Netfilter / Nftables Generic block layer Paging process/thread Network page creation & Line protocols Linux kernel replacement termination discipline Linux kernel I/O Scheduler Packet Scheduler Character Network Block Linux kernel Page Process device device device cache Scheduler drivers drivers drivers IRQs Dispatcher Abbildung 1: "Simplified Structure of the Linux Kernel" unter CC BY-SA 4.0 Hauke Stieler Linux 12 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation 1 Linux 2 Kernel 3 GNU 4 Distributionen 5 Installation Hauke Stieler Linux 13 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Was ist GNU? GNU is not UNIX Betriebssystem Freie Software (GPL lizenziert) Entstanden auf dem GNU-Projekt I Initiiert von Richard Stallman I Öffenes UNIX-ähnliches Betriebssystem schaffen I GPL eingeführt I GCC, GDB, Emacs, cp, rm, ls, ch*, mkdir, whoami, ........ Hauke Stieler Linux 14 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Richard Stallman Abbildung 2: "Richard Stallman at CommonsFest Athens 2015" unter CC BY-SA 4.0 Hauke Stieler Linux 15 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Auch bekannt als "rms"(→ https://rms.sexy/) Gründer des GNU-Projektes und Free-Software-Foundation (FSF) Mitautor an GCC, GDB, GNU coreutils, GNU Emacs, ... Ursprünglicher Autor der GPL Bis September 2019 Vorstand der FSF und freier Wissenschaftler am MIT I Seit Jahren schon sexistische und beleidigende Äußerungen I Problematische Kommentare zu einer Vergewaltigungs-Affäre Hauke Stieler Linux 16 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation 1 Linux 2 Kernel 3 GNU 4 Distributionen 5 Installation Hauke Stieler Linux 17 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Distributionen „Paket“ mit Linux + Software drum rum Dienstverwaltung Grafische Benutzeroberfläche Fenstersystem & Desktop Oberfläche Office-Programme, Video- & Musikplayer, Browser, E-Mail, ... Hauke Stieler Linux 18 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Welche Distributionen gibt es? Hauke Stieler Linux 19 / 29 Linux Kernel GNU Distributionen Installation Welche Distributionen gibt es? 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Libranet Omoikane (Arma) Quantian GNU/Linux Distributions Timeline Damn Small Linux Version 17.10 Damn Vulnerable Linux KnoppMyth © Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa Danix © Konimex, Fabio Loli and contributors Parsix https://github.com/FabioLolix/linuxtimeline Original source: futurist.se/gldt Kanotix Published under the GNU Free Documentation License Auditor Security Linux Backtrack Kali B2D Influence, developer switching Whoppix WHAX Rebasing, substantial code flow, project overtaking Symphony OS Developer & code sharing, project merging Knoppix Musix ParallelKnoppix Kaella MAX Feather Medialinux Mediainlinux ArtistX INSERT Aquamorph Dreamlinux Morphix ZoneCD Hiwix Hiweed Deepin Kalango Kurumin Poseidon Dizinha NeoDizinha Patinho Faminto Skolelinux DebianEdu Lindows Linspire Freespire Rxart MEPIS SimplyMEPIS antiX Impi Swift Bluewall K-DEMar kademar Euronode DeadCD Olive Underground Desktop Ulteo Polippix Netrunner Kubuntu Asturix DEFT Bardinux Gobuntu Runtu Voyager GalliumOS Xubuntu Peach OSI Xinutop PC/OS OS4 Black Lab PUD xPUD gNewSense Muslim Edition Sabily Madbox Mythbuntu Ubuntulite U-lite Greenie Fluxbuntu CrunchBang Bunsen Labs CrunchBang++ Ubuntu Rescue Remix Ubuntu eee Easy Peasy Leeenux Zorin OS CAINE XBMC Live XBMCbuntu A/V AV Monomaxos wattOS Element Jolicloud SecUntu BackBox Pinguy OS Elementary OS Pear OS TorBOX Whonix Ubuntu DesktopPack Ubuntu GNOME Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE KDE Neon Maui Linux Ubuntu Budgie-Remix Ubuntu Budgie ChaletOS ExTiX Linux Lite Santoku Mandragora Descent|OS Sn0wL1nuX LuninuX OS Bodhi Dream Studio Tango Studio AriOS GnackTrack Ylmf StartOS OSGeo-Live Lubuntu LXLE Peppermint OS Qimo Vibuntu VINUX Newtoos eBox Zentyal MoonOS Ultimate Edition Zebuntu ZevenOS Eeebuntu Aurora OS Kiwi Geubuntu OpenGEU Moblin Ubuntu Studio Uberyl ComFusion Satanic Edition Linux Mint Commodore OS Christian Edition nUbuntu Edubuntu Arabian MoLinux BlankOn Trisquel VENENUX Tuquito 2XOS Epidemic Librassoc sidux aptosid siduction Webconverger GALPon MiniNo Estrella Roja Metamorphose Canaima Matriux DoudouLinux Linux Mint Debian Edition GNUGuitarINUX Liquid Lemur Snowlinux TurnKey Xamin LinuxBBQ Point Sparky Rescatux armbian Tanglu MX Linux SELKS PrimTux Debian Parrot Devuan Refracta HandyLinux RoboLinux ToriOS SteamOS Ye Olde SteamOSe Stephenson's Rocket Rebellin Univention Corporate Server Raspbmc OSMC Raspbian Moode Raspyfi Volumio YunoHost SolusOS OpenMediaVault Red Ribbon SalineOS Progress UberStudent Semplice Tails Untangle Inquisitor Proxmox PelicanHPC BOSS PureOS Vyatta Brocade Vyatta vRouter NepaLinux VyOS OS2005 Maemo Meego Harmattan Mamona Elive LliureX Voyage Resulinux Arco-Debian Arc-Live grml Clonezilla Live DRBL Guadalinex Amber Xebian ASLinux BlackRhino gnuLiNex Lihuen DeMuDi 64Studio Progeny Gibraltar Storm Corel Xandros SLS MNIS Stampede VectorLinux EvilEntity Topologilinux DeLi ConnochaetOS DeLi(cate) Kwort AUSTRUMI GoblinX Imagineos HostGIS NimbleX Frugalware NetSecL Slackintosh Voltalinux Bluewhite64 Wifislax Draco Wifiway Kongoni Salix Slackel Slackware Porteus SlaXBMC Linvo PLATYPUX SMS Superb Mini Server ARMedslack Slackware ARM SL4P Absolute How-Tux RIP pQui Slamd64 MOPSLinux AgiliaLinux Kate KateOS Slack/390 Minislack Zenwalk DARKSTAR Stux STUX Plamo Wolvix Gnu-HALO Slax SLAMPP DNALinux Splack Linux Tiny Burapha Caixa Mágica Stresslinux Linkat S.u.S.E SuSE SUSE Keysoft EasyNAS OpenSUSE GeckoLinux Sun JDS JOPUX United Linux Astaro Sophos UTM Caldera SCO UltraPenguin Redmond Lycoris Buhawi Eurielec ALT SAM SAMity OpenSLS Annvix Mageia Mandrake Mandriva ROSA OpenMandriva Lx Unity Linux blackPanther Granular Phinx PCLinuxOS Garuda Demolinux TinyMe KRUD Eridani Vine Armed Kondara ELX Finnix Miracle Asianux Pingo Rocks ASP Independence HP Secure EnGarde BLAG Berry ATmission Momonga MythDora Ekaaty Vixta Simplis Xange eZeY Moblin 2 Mer MeeGo Sailfish OS Tizen Hanthana Synergy Fuduntu Parsidora Maui OS Hawaii OS Fedora Core Fedora Chapeau Viperr Korora Fusion Qubes OS VortexBox Ojuba Amahi AsianLinux FoX NST Elastix OpenNode NethServer CentOS Baruwa Rockstor BlueOnyx Asterisk@Home trixbox CERN StartCom Endian ServOS Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Oracle Enterprise Oracle Linux Tao Scientific White Box PUIAS Springdale Linux SuliX AnNyung Aurox Bayanihan Aurora K12 SuperRescue ClarkConnect ClearOS Best SOT LBA Happy BU Linux Trustix Linpus Immunix Red Flag Yellow Dog e-smith SME Server Fermi Turbolinux PLD Conectiva LinuxPPC WGS Linux Pro Gentoox Knopperdisk epiOS Kororaa Papug Toorox Funtoo Chrome OS NayuOS Chromium OS Flint OS CloudReady Daphile Porteus Kiosk Enoch Gentoo wtfplay-live CoreOS Container Linux Liberté Nova SystemRescueCD Calculate Pardus RR4 Sabayon Pentoo VidaLinux VLOS Ututo Ututo XS Ututo-e Chakra KahelOS Arch Linux ARM Parabola Bridge Cinnarch Antergos AudioPhile Linux Apricity MorpheusArch Linux ARCHLabs Arch OBRevenge OS Revenge OS VeltOS Obarun BlackArch PoliArch Sonar Manjaro Netrunner Rolling ArchBang CTKarchLive CTKArch AL-AMLUG Archie LinHES MCC Interim TAMU Yggdrasil DLD LST Bogus Xdenu Linux-FT Mini Jurix Trans-Ameritech Unifix
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