Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. lebry redr a enapidt h knadue o etre otetwud.Additionally, wounds. treat to centuries for used and skin the to may applied fruit been The has climates. elder, warmer hedgerows, from or along originating Elderberry, wild latter red. found the or with is bright-blue, species’, It blue, similar UK. be are to the is , similar and species mexicana is ground. Europe Sambucus elderberry and waste in main America, on additionally The common northern and Elderberries from and system. woodlands native flu. immune of is the body’s of which edges the strains , piece strengthen all each nigra and fight fruit, Sambucus complexion and to healthy flower and leaf, a congestion, “Skin, promote cholesterol, elderberry, the 2009). high Taubenberger, of ailments, & importance stomach Monto, the treasure” (Layne, highlights annually a that deaths song is million folk of a 10% a to nearly is affect up pneumonia There virus coronavirus) lead of the for may is of and cases ‘CoV’ 2019 outbreaks and population Seasonal current novel 44 of world for the 10). the (Overview is of – causing ‘n’ Report disease (where informed Situation the China. disease” Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was of respiratory (Novel Province, acute name Office “2019-nCoV City,Hubei interim be Country Wuhan the should that outbreak China with recommends WHO associated (2019-nCoV).WHO coronavirus aetiology the novel microbial 2019, unknown December, of 31st the On most China. however, of northern-east elderberry, commonly in of elderberry INTRODUCTION is species of chinensis, 7 species sibirica, Sambucus S. 5 are and other or there “woody-elderberry”, The javanica cold, the called woody-elderberry”. the S. is commonly “Siberian as climate williamsii, named the residents Sambucus. the called second, warm, local commonly where species: The by mildly main China 2 is herb-elderberry” This northeast only broken. climate “blood-red recognize In harvest. when scientists the the of termed red-juice where “herb-elderberry”. ease geographic is exude China, the and adnata, names, southwest branches abundance called Sambucus common In its and one, Chinese to rhizomes, elderberry. elderberries; names, due of the roots, value botanical species of farmers our little the 2 and descriptions since of including are horticulturists full as, plant groups, there elderberry, Chinese and a species the Most as uses to on Sambucus regarded economic comment the surprised China. is distributions, our were of in It publish present scientists details to plant. are contains many aims 2013 wild references article USA, antiviral paper of a literature This the found elderberry June English in already China. the in no held have in consider presented 2013, elderberry we conference, in be of and the presentation species to elderberry, outbreak native initial used the an 9 commentary for the been 2019-nCoV.This of symposium has learn of international 2019-nCov inhibition first of the be emergency at will the elderberry during Chinese medicine phytomedicine any not is There Abstract 2020 5, May 3 2 1 Fu Frank 2019-nCoV of be Inhibition will (Sambucus) Elderberry Phytomedicine Antiviral ejn nvriyo hns Medicine Chinese of University Beijing Weihai at University TechnologyShandong Chemical of University Beijing 1 igh Xu Mingshu , 2 Cmedu fMtraMdc) h eiia ln sue orleesrs,various stress, relieve to used is plant medicinal The Medica). Materia of (Compendium . 2 n edn Li Weidong and , abcsnigra Sambucus abcscanadensis Sambucus 3 1 . abcscaerule, Sambucus , h mrcnedrer,originates elderberry, American the h leedrer and elderberry blue the Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ih n tm fe etcl ihwl-eeoe arw evshv nodnme int,opposite umbrella complex pinnate, acrogenous number an odd is synthesis an Cymose have by Leaves Inflorescence glands. marrow. degraded well-developed or with leafy lenticel, trees with stipules small often occasionally stems 30-60cm. and and to tall, pith, up 3–8m of reaching diameter shrubs, range stem Sambucus berries larger a the with are and plants tall corymbs, 15m The flat in to black-berried blue. are up leaflets The flowers glaucous the The white). to and or subspecies. black these yellow long and from spring; varieties species (rarely 5–30cm late regional single berries is in several red flowers as with leaf perennial or America cream-colored treated Each herbaceous blue-black, or is black, and white 11). complex small small trees or elder of of genetic 3 small clusters clusters recent (rarely by shrubs, large followed leaflets with deciduous bear are 5–9 They reclassified of with was margins. species pinnate serrated but 30 have are and Caprifoliaceae, leaves 5 family, The between honeysuckle plants. contains the It in placed research. formerly was that well-known It is it world the In SAMBUCUS as 68 well 2002). least as Atkinson, at Europe 63 and to reaches central Atkinson up range and shrubs distribution western naturalized Its in scattered Britain. (with common Great is and Scandinavia species Africa, This North the range. poisonous. as west-Mediterranean well is and –as which temperate fruit cyanide, unripe to or ( related raw chemical Elderberry elder, a of –contain ( preparation rind elder trusted about dwarf and a data The seeds, using exact leaves, suggest purposes. no Recommendations medicinal have toxic. for elder, is researchers the commonly of it so to most species humans, the several damage in the used prevent done Of is to been elderberry. help have of may studies B effectiveness few and the (Roschek very properties vitro However, antioxidant in cells. the have infection body’s which in H1N1 flavonoids, resulting preventing contains effectively particles Elderberry cells, virus host H1N1 these enter major to of al.2009). to the binding et mode-of-action are viruses flavonoids Jr. direct molecular H1N1 These The their the cells. H1N1 extract. demonstrating of host to elderberry inability by infect bind the to determined extract of viruses 252 was elderberry activity the of flavonoids the anti-influenza of value present ability from the IC50 the flavonoids the an to block that with contributors 200). to bound, established vitro al. supplement when Assay in et and, cost-effective infection Binding influenza Z virions (H1N1) Direct and (Zakay-Rones On A The safe influenza. Influenza lg/mL. of 1995). Human efficient, 34 treatment inhibited an and al. extract prophylaxis offers elderberry et the The extract Z for /85(H1N1)(Zakay-Rones elderberry medications hemaggluti- /Singapore6 of viruses, reduced armamentarium A/Beijing32/92 A, B nigra), (H3N2), N1) 9/93 (Sambucus and (H1, A/Shandong extract, A type 6/91 elderberry viruses /Texas3 In standardized influenza A human A virus. of (H3N2), influenza 3-4 2001). replication of to 1999, inhibited strains symptoms al. and flu 1998, 10 et nation of against 1997, duration V., vitro in the in (Barak, Awards reduced effective Vity Sambucol days. be study, Sam- the randomized to worldwide. of shown placebo-controlled, known achievement was double-blind, now –Sambucol are a and elderberry product 1995, of L. properties in IL-8, nigra beneficial US IL-6, bucus the as the and such appeared in have cytokines Sambucol products of numerous of release have launch 2019) the may the modulating al. Since by Elder et – Torabian of indirect Golnoosh action congestion. and ( The cell, nasal TNF. to and relieve cell ). from help Medica Evi- transmission and Materia Germany. reduce viral may as of sinuses, berries such properties(Compendium the ( the countries elderberry anticancer and as in flower and flu such elder antiviral, and in membranes anti-inflammatory, cold chemicals mucous the that such )suggests in Medica illnesses swelling Materia respiratory of treat (Compendium to dence orally taken is elder r eiuu re rsrb rprnilhrs hosaesot,srae rwry ihstout with warty, or striate, smooth, are Shoots herbs; perennial or shrubs or trees deciduous are abcsnigra Sambucus abcsngaL. nigra Sambucus PCE NCHINA IN SPECIES sbt iet–sprsigvrlety ffcigteps-neto hs,and phase, post-infection the affecting entry, viral suppressing – direct both is ) subsp. Sambucus nigra abcsnigra Sambucus lebryi eu fflwrn lnsi h aiyAdoxaceae. family the in plants flowering of genus a is elderberry ) saErpa pce iha cai,sboenc cool- sub-oceanic, oceanic, an with species European a is ° )adapoiaey55 approximately and N) 2 , on ntewre at fErp n North and Europe of parts warmer the in found abcsnigra Sambucus abcsebulus Sambucus ° nLtuna(Laivinˇs, 2002; Lithuania in N ° h uoeno lc elder, black or European the , aiuei etr Norway western in latitude N st eaoddas avoided be to is ) ± Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n utvrietfiain olndanssfror3pplredrer pce netgtd European 2 investigated, Fig species and 1 elderberry Fig popular electron 3 purposes ( Scanning our taxonomic for elderberry for out paleobotany. diagnosis carried pollen and been have A phylogeny, elderberry( trees taxonomy, fruit identification. cultivated in cultivar from Inner- when and significance pollen of clear on great studies Flora not (SEM) of microscopy is Heilongjiang, is Province). It of Jiangsu morphology Flora and mountains. Pollen Shandong China, tropical Shanghai, of and (Beijing China regions (Flora into subtropical China brought endosperm to in as temperate same elderberry from is the of length grow species embryo and and 11 yellowMongolia) oval red, be or be prismatic may can is Berries There shape three. seed or exposed two seeds, filaments, between five shorter lobes to stamens, and length. three five stigma yellowish-white rotate, with no a corolla or almost purple white or five-lobed or and style a small short teeth, are a Flowers calyx ovaries, five anthers, alternate. tubes, or calyx opposite divided, short or color, serrate are leaflets cone, or abcsNigra Sambucus abcsNgaLinn Nigra Sambucus abcswiiliamsii Sambucus : Linn European enmd hog cnigeeto irsoy r rsne below presented are microscopy, electron scanning through made been ) ,Aeia lebry( elderberry American ), e drer n abcsCnda inAeia lebrywere elderberry American Linn Canadian Sambucus and lderberry 3 abcsCnda Linn Canadian Sambucus n hns Woody- Chinese and ) Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. swd,adtems icei reual one,adteeaefwprilsisd h mesh. the inside particles few are there and rounded, irregularly is circle mesh the long-balloon. and is wide, shape is seen. pollen obvious; occasionally the not is um, is grain 21X12 hole backbone the mesh surface; and the polar raised, of the side on the shape and b-1. circular shaped, 3-sided irregularly a is which with pattern, shape mesh long-ball a is shape a-1. 1. Fig h olnhsa3hl roe h oa iwwt at srudadteplrrgo ssaland small is region polar the and round is parts 3 with view polar the groove, 3-hole a has pollen The h olnhsa3hl groove; 3-hole a has pollen The -.adb-3. and b-2. b-4. -.ada-3 and a-2. h xn ufc a ehpten h ehbackbone mesh the pattern, mesh a has surface exine The h qaoilpaei bog h olnsz sabout is size pollen the oblong, is plane equatorial The 4 h olnsz saot2 4u,tepollen the um, 14 X 24 about is size pollen The . a-4 h xn ufc a a has surface exine The . Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. od itoayteseisi eonzdi nu,Fja,Gnu undn,Gagi uzo,Hebei, Chinese Guizhou, from Guangxi, Guangdong, and fruit Gansu, Asian the Fujian, northeast Anhui, and in in May recognized recognized to is is April is species species the Fruit from the Dictionary is Words Wikipedia, angles. 5-11cm From period right cymes materials. flowering Distributions: at conical tested the Geographic and are a wild, standard branches with ( the with inflorescence time October. In wiiliamsii) the to same (Sambucus September black. of Woody-Elderberry the from shape or most at is the violet peduncle, growing period pairs, reddish-brown have blue, ripening a are five Leaves a rarely leaves to With wide. are and one and 1.2-7cm branches have wide. red Flowers and leaves 4-14cm old long Pinnate rubbed. 5-15cm and the oblong-lanceolate if color. long and to hazel smell high elliptic of strong narrowly 5-6m pith oval, a tree, and a small small and lateral, lenticels or is oblong shrub clear deciduous mesh with a the color pattern. of is mesh side elderberry a the has This on surface seen exine occasionally The is Woody-elderberry: 4. particle base Chinese um. the (14-16) and X polygon) (19-17) irregular about (an backbone. is round size is pollen mesh and The type long-ball a is 2 Fig. .Teple a -oegov n h oa iwi -hpdadrud .ad3 h shape The 3. and 2. round; and 3-shaped is view polar the and groove 3-hole a has pollen The 1. . abcswiiliamsii Sambucus i n Fig5-2.) and 3 Fig 5 ehv etdteHL o Chinese for HPLC the tested have We i 4. Fig Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. i 3. Fig of treatment the or fractures bone treatment of urticarial, myalgia, treatment of Medica). and swelling, treatment Materia arthralgia traumatic pruritus, of through of rheumatic of hemorrhages(Compendium dampness treatment treatment traumatic of rheumatism,removing edema, ischemia, relief,treatment of curing postpartum treatment pain in pain, of medicine blood, back level. lower for of sea of thickets, used circulation above treatment among be meters the ditches, 540-1600 could invigorating along about plant diuresis, trees, at Whole meadows forest alpine the uses: among under Medical and found wetlands Yunnan commonly in Sichuan, most Shaanxi, slopes, valley are Shanxi, on Shandong, plants Jilin, The Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, and Hunan, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Henan, mg fCieewoyEdrer ( woody-Elderberry Chinese of Image abcswiiliamsii Sambucus 6 nnrhrChina norther in ) Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n nhr r elwo upe ri srdadwl oeigtm sfo pi oMy ieigbetween joint ripening May, the ovate to of narrowly April base from opposite, the is or only time flowering white, alternate the wild are is and and Flowers red shape ribs ( surface. is has and September Fruit hairy and stem pairs a purple. August The have three or leaves yellow to high. are New two meters anthers wide. with and 1-2 2-3cm small shrub, and are soft-wooded long Leaves or 6-13cm herb white. perennial is high pith a is rheumatism, elderberry stasis, This blood bruises, treat above ditches, to meters along medicine Herb-elderberry: 1600-3600 traditional Chinese trees, a about Sichuan, forest as at used the Qinghai, meadows been problems. alpine under has Gansu, diuretic among It found and Ningxia, and commonly uses: wetlands Medical Shanxi, and most in level. Asia are in slopes, sea eastern plants valley recognized on The and is thickets, Himalaya’s time among Tibet. species the flowering and in the wild wide. Yunnan with recognized cm Dictionary Guizhou, red is 1.5-2.5 Words is are and species Chinese Fruit leaves long Wikipedia, from October. The anthers. cm From and yellow 4-15 September ribs. Distributions: and shape between obvious Geographic smell lanceolate matures have strong fruit or and a ovate elderberry are grass-like The with oblong, rhizomes are May-July. white and an between roots stems and and The small The pairs high. are five broken. meters Flowers to 1-2 when three shrub, juice with soft-wooded red small or out herb perennial bursting high red, a is elderberry This Herb-elderberry: Blood-red Chinese materials. tested 4. Fig ehv etdteHL o hns od-lebry( Woody-Elderberry Chinese for HPLC the tested have We i 5-3 Fig abcschinensis Sambucus ). abcsadnata Sambucus 7 or abcsjavanica. Sambucus abcswiiliamsii Sambucus i 5-1. Fig ihsadr and standard with ) Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. e ee.Mdclue:Ti pce a eue o adcpn re n aiu eiia properties, medicinal various and trees landscaping for used above be 540-1600m can about The species at areas This Japan. desert and and uses: margins Korea Medical forest as slopes, well valley level. to on as sea mid-May found Liaoning commonly from Jilin, most is are Heilongjiang, period plants flowering Inner-Mongolia, a main August. The leaves’ to is and Distributions: seeds. small July rachis It Geographic three is petiole, pairs, or the time hair. three two on mature or long with hair fruit two yellow by orange-red and have is covered is early-June There leaves Fruit surface pinnate hair. surface. leaf yellowish-white Small shoots obvious a young contains high. and surface 4-5m lateral petioles, tree and pedicels, vein species. small rachis, this or of shoots, shrub uses new deciduous common has not elderberry are There This found uses: commonly Medical most beds. are Woody-elderberry: stream plants Hairy the is The beside fruit Altai. and and and yellow slopes Siberia ocher stony Fuhai, August. are on Fuyun, to Anthers and Xinjiang July long cymes. Distributions: from 5-14cm two conical Geographic is lanceolate has with are period usually yellow leaves pinnate mature or Small Fruit The green hirsutes. papilla. red. light yellow cracks. white bright have are vertical a petiole Flowers and with and skin twigs wide. rachis brown and 1.6-5.5cm the reddish pith and with brown leaflets, light branched of a densely pairs with high, lenticels, help 2-4m oval shrub, rheumatism, are deciduous There bruises, a treat is to species herb This effect. an anti-inflammatory as detoxification books have Woody-elderberry: to medical Guangdong, Siberian believed Chinese Gansu, is old it Medical Hunan, in and Japan. Hubei, recorded circulation, and is Henan, Zhejiang blood Yunnan, species Fujian, Tibet, This Taiwan, Anhui, Chinese Sichuan, from in uses: Jiangxi, and Jiangsu, recognized Asia Shanxi, southeastern is Guizhou, in Guangxi, species recognized the is species Dictionary the Words Wikipedia, From Distributions: Geographic ( Woody-elderberry or Chinese 2. ); 5 Fig abcsjavanica) Sambucus h mgn ftreCieeEdrere:1 hns lo-e ebedrer ( Herb-elderberry Blood-red Chinese 1. Elderberries: Chinese three of Imaging The . . abcssieboldiana Sambucus abcssibirica Sambucus abcswiiliamsii Sambucus 8 ;3 hns ebEdrer ( Herb-Elderberry Chinese 3. ); or .buergeriana. S. abcschinensis Sambucus abcsadnata Sambucus Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. nsuhetCia hr h lmt smll am hr r w pce felderberries; of species the two chinensis when the are about and there elderberries that evidence warm, herb the fact the mildly not between is is difference There significant climate China. the in where adnata elderberry China, of southwest species In in 11 used are nigra have there be Sambucus that species also may accepted this It is of It leaves muscles. and and bush tendons Shoots at of beds, injuries uses: CONCLUSION recover stream Medical help along to meadowlands. especially proven trees. and slopes, are landscaping mountain scrub They the low value. September. on in medicinal to found or August and in commonly in yellow east-Siberia margins, most matures and is forest are and far-east anther Mongolia, June 2-6cm Shrubs The North-Korea, oblong; and Liaoning, is May yellow-green. Russia. skin Jilin, between shape and grey Heilongjiang, is leaf inflorescence reddish The Distributions: period conical a Geographic flowering pairs. large with The seven is to upright red. flower five grow is with The branches fruit opposite The the wide. pinnate, of 1-2cm high. number and 6m odd long about an is shrub There deciduous color. a is elderberry This There uses: Medical com- meadowland. most in are species. and 9. this Shrubs beds of stream uses North-Korea. along common especially as is no slopes, well fruit leaflet are mountain as The the the Liaoning on as anthers. found September. latifolia Jilin, yellow monly and called Inner-Mongolia, with August It colour in Distributions: wide. in maturing to Geographic yellow-green 2-3.5cm and three and and May with long inflorescence in opposite 4-8cm conical flowering pinnate, oblong, orange-red is of number flower or is oval odd The an is wide. with shape high, 2-3.5cm leaf 3m The about pairs. shrub, deciduous five a is elderberry soaps This make to trees. used The landscaping be in uses: can Medical used which oil 8. be margins. 18.8% may forest contain species and seeds The slope unique of August. mountain The candles. east in the value. and and maturing on medicinal have North-Korea found and leaves as commonly June and the well most to shoots green, are as May light plants Liaoning from and The flowering leaf Jilin, inflorescence The seeds Russia. Heilongjiang, conical three pairs. Inner-Mongolia, is with five Distributions: flower to red Geographic The three is with fruit wide. pinnate The 0.7-2cm number yellow. odd and is an long anther with 1.5-5cm high, lanceolate, 5m properties. is shrub medicinal deciduous shape various a for is and elderberry formal This trees no landscaping but in Huabei, used in is found to species thick, be 7. May The could and from it uses: is smell chance Medical time a strong flowering is exists. a and there record have red only, leaf leaves is Inner-Mongolia The fruit The Distributions: The pairs. Geographic August-September. seven wide. hooks. is to like 1.5-4cm time five inward and mature with bend fruit long pinnate teeth number June, 6-9cm The odd oblong, teeth. an slightly serrated with sharp, or high, oval 4-5m shrub is and deciduous shoots shape a of is mixture species crushed This the bones. and and consumable muscles be of 6. could injuries leaves curing in New help Elderberry. could leaves Wood the to similar otenes Woody-elderberry: Northern-east Woody-elderberry: Latifolia Woody-elderberry: North-Korean Woody-elderberry: Leaf Hook-tooth h bodrdhr-lebry and herb-elderberry” “blood-red the , lebryde not. does elderberry abcsadnata Sambucus pce fedrer a ruh oCia(hnhi hnogadJaguProvince). Jiangsu and Shandong (Shanghai, China to brought was elderberry of species a lo-e oo nterosadrioe hra the whereas rhizomes and roots the in color blood-red a has abcslatipinna Sambucus abcsmandshurica Sambucus abcscoreaana Sambucus abcsfoetidissinia Sambucus .javanica S. 9 or abcsadnata Sambucus .chinensis S. h hr-lebry.Teei a is There “herb-elderberry”. the , lebry hsi u othe to due is This elderberry. .javanica S. Sambucus or S. Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. lebry(abcsnga:fo aua eiiei nin ie oPoeto gis ice nthe in 2015. Witches ISHS against Overview 1061, Protection Historical to Hort. Brief Times Acta a Ancient Elderberry, – in on Medicine Ages Symposium Natural Middle International from Ist nigra): Proc. (Sambucus Grulova. Elderberry D. and Salamon I. nigra). (Sambucus 353–360 elderberry of (2019) activity Anti-influenza 54 Foods 2019, al. et Torabian Golnoosh words, Chinese Inner-Mongolia, of Flora words, Chinese Morphological Heilongjiang, of Preliminary AdoxaFlora and words, and Chinese Sequences Sambucus China, ITS of of Flora Relationships Ribosomal ”Phylogenetic Nuclear on (1997). Data”. Based J. Adoxaceae) Michael (Adoxoideae, Donoghue, Torsten; as Eriksson, known also Medica Materia of Compendium 290–296. Elderberry-Sambucus. 12(2), Lonicera-Caprifoliaceae, production Network, the 72, Cytokine on Volume product, European Flora, natural Chinese cytokines. elderberry-based, black Inflammatory a I. Sambucol, of cytokines: effect The human of (2001). al. et V., Barak, CITED LITERATURE 9 and of elderberry one American that believe world. we Coronavirus(2019-nCoV). incredibly the viruses, Novel is on cold the impact it and of positive researcher, viruses inhibition a a flu be such the As should has to elderberries elderberry. that inability Chinese of significantly something have of benefit elderberry part health European a immense be the human to recognize treat exciting to to begun medicine have Chinese People traditional wide. as 2-3.5cm used leaflets oil. been have has 18.8% fractures. shoots contain it bone and seeds as leaves unique named whose whose is woody-elderberry”, hooks. and like woody-elderberry” North-Korea inward “broad-leaf in bend are the originated that surface have leaves teeth may and serrated elderberry”, petioles, sharp, are pedicels, thick, species rachis, has other shoots, edge commonly The new not hair. its is long which because by China covered of woody-elderberry” scientists climate “hairy cold the most northern-east called however in scientists. elderberry elderberry, the of to species of known 5 species additional an 7 are the There are of there plant species: whole cold, 7 The is of woody-elderberry”. climate species 2 the only where recognize China northeast In ytmtcBotany Systematic abcssieboldiana Sambucus 2() 5–7.di1.372188 SO 2419828. JSTOR doi:10.2307/2419828. 555–573. (3): 22 . http://frps.eflora.cn/ http://v2.cvh.org.cn/difangzhi/heilongjiang/list.asp .williamsii S. http://v2.cvh.org.cn/difangzhi/neimenggu/list.asp .williamsii S. .foetidissima, S. ssgicnl ieetfrom different significantly is ecoGangmu Bencao h woyedrer” and “woody-elderberry”, the , 10 pce sal ob sdfrmedicine. for used be to able is species h ho-ot efwoyedrer”a h leaf the as woody-elderberry” leaf “hook-tooth the hns words. Chinese , .coreana S. .williamsii S. .manshurica, S. h NrhKra woody- “North-Korean the , .sibirica S. ora fFunctional of Journal n scommonly is and , h “Siberian the , h “northeast the .latipinna S. , Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. r igh usRsac elwRwr uddb the by funded Reward Fellow Research Xu’s Mingshu Dr. Zealand. New of Institute and Horticulture 202001130213) number Business, (Grant of Employment Ministry and Zealand Innovation of New University by Beijing supported was Medica, work Materia This Chinese of School at statement Fu Funding China. Qiang PR of 102488, supervisor Beijing the Medicine, is Chinese He Li: Weidong data. or reagents, tools Contributed Analysis data; materials, the interpreted and Analyzed Performed experiments; experiments; the the designed and paper. Conceived the Xu: Wrote Mingshu data; the interpreted the and Performed Analyzed experiments; experiments; the designed and Conceived Fu: Qiang statement contribution author for 2004;32(2):132-40. Declaration Res. treatment the Med in Int extract J elderberry oral infections.” of ACKNOWLEDGEMENT virus safety B and efficacy and Complement the A of Altern Influenza study J of Randomized Panama. an al. by B et symptoms Z, Influenza Zakay-Rones of of reduction outbreak and vitro an in during 1995;1(4):361–9. virus L.) influenza Med. of Nigra strains lato (Sambucus several Review sensu extract of Brief nigra elderberry Inhibition 2015.A Sambucus al. ISHS of et 1061, Nomenclature Z Zakay-Rones and Hort. Taxonomy Acta the Elderberry, in on Controversies Recent Symposium of International Phar- Ist of Applequist. Review melanocarpa) (Sambucus A W.L. Elderberry (Aronia from Chokeberry 2015. Foods with Functional ISHS and Compared 1061, Products as Fruit Hort. of spp.) Acta Efficacy Elderberry, Clinical on and Effects Symposium macological International Ist Chrubasik. S. Phytochemistry. vitro. in infection . encyclopedia H1N1 free prevent the and Wikipedia, to - bind Sambucus flavonoids Elderberry 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.06.003 al. doi: et 2009;70(10):1255-61. Jr. B Roschek (2019-nCoV), coronavirus novel 2019 of Overview ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d0b2e480_2 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10- 10 - Binding 15, Report Elderberry Carbohydrate April Situation Japanese 2, Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) and of Novel No. Bark Properties, 340, the Vol. Biological 1997 from BIOPHYSICS 185–194, Cloning, AND Protein BIOCHEMISTRY pp. Ribosome-Inactivating cDNA OF II ARCHIVES Isolation, Type sieboldiana), (Sambucus mutation. a inconvenient al. Sieboldin-b, an of et influenza: Specificity Rojo Pandemic Angeles (2009). K. Maria 1560–1561. J. 323(5921), Taubenberger, N.Y.), & York, S., (New A. Science Monto, P., S. Layne, www.theplantlist.org https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000165?q=Coronavirus,%202019%20novel&c=suggested eree 2017-10-17. Retrieved . , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus https://doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5921.1560 11 Posted on Authorea 14 Feb 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158168950.03798827 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h uhr elr htte aen optn interests. competing no have they that declare authors The interest 202001130213). of number Declaration (Grant Zealand New of Institute Horticulture 12