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Dam Good Archeology CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CRM VOLUME 23 NO. 1 2000 Dam Good Archeology The Bureau of Reclamation's Cultural Resources Program U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Cultural Resources PUBLISHED BY THE ^/Ml + Antrv VOLUME23 NO. 1 2000 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE OOniGniS ISSN 1068-4999 Information for parks, federal agencies, Indian tribes, states, local governments, Dam Good Archeology and the private sector that promotes and maintains high standards for pre­ serving and managing cultural resources Over Fifty Years of Dam Good Archeology—An Introduction to the Bureau of DIRECTOR Reclamation's Cultural Resources Program 3 Robert Stanton Myra J. Giesen and Jon S. Czaplicki ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR CULTURAL RESOURCE STEWARDSHIP The Bureau of Reclamation and its Archeology—A Brief History 5 AND PARTNERSHIPS Wm. Joe Simonds Katherine H. Stevenson The History of Archeological Research at Medicine Creek Reservoir 9 EDITOR Robert Biasing Ronald M. Greenberg ASSOCIATE EDITOR The Salt-Gila Aqueduct Project and Hohokam Archeology 13 Janice C. McCoy Lynn S. Teague GUEST EDITORS The Central Arizona Project 14 Jon S. Czaplicki Jon S. Czaplicki MyraJ. Giesen Reclamation's Museum Property 16 ADVISORS David Andrews Bobbie Ferguson Editor, NPS Joan Bacharach Postwar Partners in Archeology—The Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Museum Regetrar, NPS Service, and the River Basin Surveys in the Missouri River Basin (1945-1969) 17 Randall J. Biallas Historical Architect, NPS Lynn M. Snyder, Deborah Hull-Walski, John A. Bums Thomas D. Thiessen, and MyraJ. Giesen Architect, NPS Harry A. Butowsky A View From the Lake—The Dolores Archaeological Program in the Historian, NPS Pratt Cassiry McPhee Reservoir Area, SW Colorado 21 Executive Director, William D. Lipe National Alliance of Preservation Commissions Muriel Crespi Cultural Anthropologist, NPS A Retrospective on the Four Corners Archeological Program 25 MaryCullen Warren F. X. Hurley Director, Historical Services Branch Parks Canada New Melones—Public Interpretation of the Archeological-Historical Record 29 Mark Edwards Historic Preservation and Cultural Resource Group Manager G. James West URS Greiner Woodward Cryde Federal Services Roger E. Kelly Traditional Cultural Properties vs. Traditional Cultural Resource Management 33 Archeologist, NPS Kimball M. Banks, Myra J. Giesen, and Nancy Pearson Antoinette J. Lee Historian, NPS Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Activities 36 ASSISTANT MyraJ. Giesen Denise M. Mayo Off the Back Roads and onto the Superhighway—Reclamation Reports 37 Thomas R. Lincoln An electronic version of this "Dam Good Archeology" —We're Glad It Got Done! issue of CRM can be accessed The Historical Importance of Reservoir Archeology 41 through the CRM homepage at Francis P. McManamon and Fred Wendorf <http://vvww.cr.nps.gov/crm>. Cover: Filling the McPhee Reservoir. This upstream view shows the completed dam with the reser­ voir rising behind it. Many archeological sites were mitigated prior to the filling and construction of the reservoir. Photo courtesy J. Fleetman, Bureau of Reclamation. Statements of fact and views are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect an opinion or endorsement on the part of the editors, the CRM advisors and consultants, or the National Park Service. Send articles and correspondence to the Editor, CRM, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite 350NC, Washington, DC 20240 (U.S. Postal Service) or 800 North Capitol St, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20002 (Federal Express); ph. 202-343-3411, fax 202-343-5260; email: <[email protected]>, to subscribe and to make inquiries; <[email protected]> to submit articles. 2 CRM No 1—2000 Myra J. Giesen and Jon S. Czaplicki Over Fifty Years of Dam Good Archeology An Introduction to the Bureau of Reclamation's Cultural Resources Program he articles in this issue of CRM This issue begins with an overview by Wm. are based on papers originally Joe Simonds of Reclamation history and its early presented at the 63rd Annual involvement in cultural resource management. Meeting of the Society for Robert Biasing's discussion of history of federal AmericaTn Archaeology held in Seattle, archeology on Medicine Creek provides informa­ Washington in 1998. They were part of the sym­ tion on Reclamation's archeological involvement posium, "Over Fifty Years of Dam Good in the Medicine Creek Valley of Frontier County Archaeology," organized to highlight the U.S. in south-central Nebraska. This Missouri River Bureau of Reclamation's (Reclamation) cultural Basin project began in 1947 to identify and exca­ resource program. Our intent was to have all 11 vate the many prehistoric occupations that would papers and the discussant's comments presented be inundated by the planned construction of at the meeting published together; however, not Medicine Creek Dam. all the authors were able to submit final versions The next paper by Lynn S. Teague looks at of their papers to CRM. Expanded versions of all the results of the Salt-Gila Aqueduct (SGA) papers, including the two unpublished papers, Project that continue to aid in the understanding are available on Reclamation's web site of the prehistoric Hohokam occupation in cen­ <http://www.usbr.gov/cultural/>. These papers tral Arizona. SGA was one of three major projects now serve as the framework for planning an that preceded construction of the 335-mile exhibit to highlight Reclamation's centennial Central Arizona Project aqueduct that today celebration in 2002. brings Colorado River water to Phoenix and Reclamation is best known for the dams, Tucson. reservoirs, powerplants, and canals it constructed Next, in "Postwar Partners in Archeology: in the 17 western states over the past nine The Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park decades, as it attempted to accomplish its man­ Service, and the River Basin Surveys in the date to reclaim the arid west. These early con­ Missouri River Basin (1945-1969)," Lynn M. struction projects were not accomplished without Snyder, Deborah Hull-Walski, Thomas D. impacts to cultural resources. As you will see in Thiessen, and Myra J. Giesen address the part­ the following papers, the results of these projects nerships established as part of the River Basin have contributed significantly to American arche­ Surveys project. They also discuss some of the ology in method, theory, and data. Today, major contributions to the profession resulting although its mission has changed to water man­ from "salvage" projects conducted on agement and conservation, Reclamation contin­ Reclamation lands. ues to advance progressive solutions to cultural Moving back to the Southwest, William D. resource issues through involvement in public Lipe's "A View from the Lake: The Dolores outreach programs and proactive strategies for Archeological Program in the McPhee Reservoir handling such issues as Indian trust assets, the Area, SW Colorado" looks at five of the major Native American Graves Protection and contributions to American archeology of the Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), and collection Dolores Archeological Program (McPhee accountability. Reservoir area, 1978-85). In "A Retrospective on the Four Corners Archeological Program," CRM No 1—2000 3 Warren EX. Hurley continues a discussion of the 1985 in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico— Dolores Project, emphasizing the data recovery The Palmetto Bend, Choke Canyon, McGee conducted since the conclusion of mitigation for Creek, and Brantley Projects" by Van Button and McPhee Reservoir. Hurley explores how the Bobbie Ferguson and "The Glen Canyon Dolores Project has redefined the archeology of Project" by Alexander J. Lindsay, Jr. are the two the northern Southwest. papers missing from the original symposium. The changing emphasis in American arche­ Button and Ferguson reviewed Palmetto Bend, ology and cultural resource management is high­ Choke Canyon, McGee Creek, and Brantley pro­ lighted in papers by G. James West; Kimball M. jects and tracked publications from each project. Banks, Myra J. Giesen, and Nancy E. Pearson; They provide some hypotheses on why important and Thomas R. Lincoln. West discusses how data from these projects remain relatively public interpretation of a major archeological unknown and unused today. Lindsay discusses project was developed in "New Melones: Public the multi-disciplinary studies undertaken in the Interpretation of the Archeological-Historical mid-1960s for the Glen Canyon Project in Record." In "Traditional Cultural Properties vs. northern Arizona. Traditional Cultural Resource Management," We hope this collection of papers is infor­ Banks, et ai, provide a philosophical approach to mative and interesting for individuals unaware of understanding what is a cultural resource. They what Reclamation is or what it has done or is direct their paper to archeologists involved in cul­ doing with respect to cultural resource manage­ tural resource management with emphasis on the ment. It was our goal, in organizing the sympo­ impact of recent federal actions on archeologists sium and, then, generating this collection of and Native Americans, and on Indian trust assets. papers, to stimulate further discussion on these This paper points to the diverse topics now fac­ topics. Visit Reclamation's CRM web site and ing federal cultural resource managers. Lincoln's read more about our cultural resource program. "Off the Back Roads and onto the Superhighway: We would like your feedback, questions, or com­ Reclamation Reports"
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