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Aspidistra Anomala, A. Elegans and A. Sinensis Spp. Nov. (Asparagaceae, Convallariaceae S.S.) from China, Laos and Vietnam

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Aspidistra Anomala, A. Elegans and A. Sinensis Spp. Nov. (Asparagaceae, Convallariaceae S.S.) from China, Laos and Vietnam Nordic Journal of Botany 000: 001–007, 2016 doi: 10.1111/njb.01014, ISSN 1756-1051 © 2016 The Authors. Nordic Journal of Botany © 2016 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: John Parnell. Editor-in-Chief: Torbjörn Tyler. Accepted 2 October 2015 Aspidistra anomala, A. elegans and A. sinensis spp. nov. (Asparagaceae, Convallariaceae s.s.) from China, Laos and Vietnam Leonid V. Averyanov and H.-J. Tillich Leonid V. Averyanov ([email protected]), Komarov Botanical Inst. of the Russian Academy of Science, Prof. Popov str. 2, RU-197376, St Petersburg, Russia. – H.-J. Tillich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., Inst. of Systematic Botany, Menzingerstr. 67, DE-80638 Munich, Germany. The recently discoveredAspidistra anomala, A. elegans, and A. sinensis are described and illustrated as species new to science. All novelties are local endemics of limestone areas of mainland southeast Asia. This paper contains new results of a successive investigation Description of the species diversity of the genus Aspidistra Ker-Gawl. Terrestrial perennial herb with orthotropic stem, forming (1822, p. 628), which has a significant center of richness no rhizome. Shoot dirty brownish, erect, simple or sparsely in mainland southeastern Asia (Huang 1986, Li 1988, branched near the base, 10–15 cm tall, (4.5)5.0–6.0(7.0) 2004, Lang et al. 1999, Liang and Tamura 2000, Tang and mm in diameter, densely nodal, with few thick, rigid, semi- Liu 2003, Bogner and Arnautov 2004, Tillich et al. 2007, woody, straight, down-directed prop roots. Cataphylls con- Tillich 2008, 2014, Tillich and Averyanov 2008, 2012, Lin volute, narrowly triangular, when young glossy green, later and Liu 2011, Liu et al. 2011, Averyanov and Tillich 2012, becoming dull pale gray–brownish to light yellowish–gray, 2013, 2014, 2015, Lin et al. 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, Hu papyraceous, with prominent nerves, up to 6 cm long, early et al. 2014, Meng et al. 2014, Vislobokov et al. 2014, Olivier splitting into persistent fibrous remains. Leaves on individual 2015). It includes illustration and descriptions of three new shoots (2)3(4), petiolate. Petiole stiff, erect, almost straight species discovered in southern China, central Laos and or slightly curved near apex, (7)8–16(18) cm long. Leaf northern Vietnam. All described species are local endemics blade almost horizontal to slightly ascending, narrowly ovate of karstic limestone areas. The species description, appropri- to elliptic, cuneate at base and shortly attenuate at apex, ate type citations, data on ecology, phenology, distribution, (10)12–16(18) cm long, (2.5)3.0–5.0(6.0) cm wide, irregu- expected IUCN red list status and notes on plausible phy- larly broadly undulate along margin, dark uniformly green logenetic relations are provided for each species. When the on both sides, with (5)7 prominent veins radiating from the new data provided here are included, the known number of leaf base. Flowers solitary, arising from leaf axil in apical part Aspidistra species in eastern Indochina exceeds 50. of shoot, pedunculate, nodding, widely opening, 2.2–2.6 cm across, in morning sweet fragrant, later with rather unpleas- Aspidistra anomala Aver. & Tillich sp. nov. (Fig. 1) ant mushroom odor. Peduncle arising vertically, arching and drooping, light green, terete, slightly swelling to the apex, Type: 26 May 2015, L. Averyanov, L. Osnovetz, CPC (0.8)1.2–1.5(2.0) cm long, (2.5)3.0–3.5(4.0) mm in diam- 1605a (holotype: LE). First collected in northern Vietnam eter, with 3–4(5) sterile bracts approximated at apex and (Hoa Binh province, Lac Son district, Ngoc Son municipal- near the base; bracts broadly triangular ovate, concave, thin, ity, Khu village, around point 20°26′31′′N, 105°19′32′′E, slightly keeled dorsally, scarious, white to light greenish near primary broadleaved forest on steep rocky slopes of remnant apex, papyraceous, acute to shortly attenuate, (5)6–10(12) mountain composed with solid crystalline highly eroded mm long and wide (being flattened). Perigone tube cam- limestone at 550–650 m a.s.l., 27 Mar 2011. N. Q. Hieu, panulate, pure white or slightly yellowish toward the base L. Averyanov, N. T. Hiep, P. K. Loc, P. V. The, N. T. Vinh, on both surfaces, fleshy, smooth and glossy, (10)12–14(16) T. B. Ngan, N. Tap, D. D. Dao, V. T. Ha, T. Maisak, L. mm long and wide, with (7)8(9) free, irregularly unequal Osnovetz CPC 1605). The type specimen was prepared from lobes at apex. Perigone lobes more or less smooth, glossy, cultivated plants in May 2015. pure white, triangular ovate in outline, unequal in size and shape, strongly irregularly deformed, obtuse to acute at apex, Etymology straight, twisted, recurved, or incurved, (occasionally some The species epithet refers to the anomalous flower structure. lobes strongly incurved and united at apex with stigma), Early View (EV): 1-EV Figure 1. Aspidistra anomala sp. nov. Digital epitype, L. Averyanov and L. Osnovetz, CPC 1605a. Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov. 2-EV (3)5–7(9) mm long, (2.0)3.0–6.0(7.5) mm wide at base, Etymology irregularly undulate, incised and gnawed along the mar- The epithet refers to the elegant shape and coloration of the gin, shallowly auriculate at the base. Stamens 6(7), almost flowers. sessile, inserted on tube wall at third of its length from the base; anthers narrowly triangular, curved, unguiculate, often Description deformed, (5.5)6.0–7.0(7.5) mm long, (2.0)2.5–3.0(3.5) Terrestrial perennial herb with short, plagiotropic, mm wide, their connective dorsally with tall, prominent epigeous, few-branching rhizome. Rhizome thick, stout, keel and large, incurved, claw-shaped extension reaching 2– (0.5)1.0–2.5(3.5) cm long, (4)5–6(7) mm in diameter, 3 mm beyond tips of pollen sacs; pollen sacs introrse; pol- densely covered by imbricate, partially disintegrated, dull, len bright yellow. Pistil terete, sub-clavate; style white, fleshy, light brownish, papyraceous bracts (1.0)2.0–4.5(6.0) cm cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base and apex, straight long, (4)5–6(8) mm wide. Shoots densely clustering, to slightly curved, 9–11 mm tall, (0.8)0.9–1.0(1.1) mm ascending to erect, stout, short, simple, 0.5–1.5(2.0) cm in diameter at the base; stigma truncate or hardly convex, tall, (6)8–10(12) mm in diameter, densely nodal, with elliptic as seen from above, (1.8)2.0(2.2) by 0.4–0.5 mm, few thick, underground roots at the base. Cataphylls con- with 4–6 low, dull yellowish, indistinct bosses on almost flat volute, tubular, narrowly triangular to lanceolate (being terminal surface. Ovary inconspicuous, very indistinct, light flattened), light greenish to dull violet, herbaceous, later greenish. Fruits globular, dark green. scarious, papyraceous, pale yellowish, longitudinally nerved, recurved, (1)2–6(8) cm long, (4)5–10(12) mm Distribution wide. Leaves on individual shoots (2)3–4(5), petiolate. Northern Vietnam (Hoa Binh province, Lac Son district). Petiole stiff, erect, almost straight, (5)8–12(14) cm long. Endemic. Leaf blade almost horizontal, oblique ovate to elliptic, cordate at base and shortly attenuate at apex, (10)12– Habitat, phenology and conservation status 18(22) cm long, (5)6–8(9) cm wide, irregularly broadly Terrestrial herb with semi-woody erect stem, growing in undulate along margin, dark uniformly green on both primary lowland broad-leaved evergreen forests on solid sides, with (5)7–9 prominent veins radiating from the leaf crystalline highly eroded limestone, commonly on shady, base. Flowers solitary, arising from basal part of shoot, steep, rocky slopes, 550–650 m a.s.l. Flowers in cultivation pedunculate, odorless, widely opening, (1.6)1.8–2.0(2.2) in May–June. The species was observed as a common plant cm across. Peduncle arising horizontally, ascending to and is probably not in need of any special protection. suberect, dirty dull purple–brownish, terete, (0.8)1.0– 3.5(4.0) cm long, (1.4)1.6–2.0(2.2) mm in diameter, Similar species with (3)4–6(7) sterile distant bracts; bracts broadly tri- Aspidistra anomala belong to small group of species with angular ovate, concave, thin, white, speckled and veined erect stem forming no rhizome (including Aspidistra khangii with purple–brownish, scarious, papyraceous, blunt to Aver. and Tillich (2014, p. 752), A. locii Arnautov & Bogner obtuse, (5)6–10(12) mm long, (3)4–6(8) mm wide (being (Bogner and Arnautov 2004, p. 203), A. nikolaii Averyanov flattened). Perigone tube campanulate to cupulate, or & Tillich (Tillich and Averyanov 2008, p. 37), A. laotica almost hemispheric, pure white on both surfaces, fleshy, Aver. & Tillich (2015, p. 366), A. lateralis Tillich (2005, smooth and glossy, (7)8–10(11) mm long and wide, with p. 320), A. lubae Averyanov and Tillich (2014, p. 752), and 6 free lobes at apex. Perigone lobes subequal, more or less A. erecta Y. Liu & C.-I Peng (Liu et al. 2011, p. 367)). How- flat and smooth, glossy, adaxially dull dark violet, with ever, it differs from all its congeners in anomalous (looking black–violet venation, abaxially white to dull dirty green- aberrant), pure white flowers, flattened stigma, carinate, and ish with dirty violet tint near margins, 3-veined, grooved curved anthers with prominent, claw-shaped connective along veins, ovate to almost semi-circular, well recurved, extension. This very distinct, easily distinguished species was (5.5)6.0–7.0(7.5) mm long and wide, rounded at apex; observed as very common and even abundant in its habitat sepals (outer perigone lobes) slightly wider and shallowly in primary shady limestone forest understory.
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