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FIRST REGIONAL ~ULOSIS TRAINING COURSE Sponsored by the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC in collaboration with the Governments of the REPtlELIC OF SINGAPORE end REPUBLIC OF CHINA Singapore/China (Taiwan) 14 Februar,y-14 May 1966 • FINAL REPORT • World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Manila, Philippines July 1966 vlPR/189/66 CONTENTS 1. INTROOOCTION .. ............................................................................... .. 1 2. AIMS AND ODJECTIVES .. ..................................................................... .. 1 3. ORGANIZATION .. .................................................................................... .. 1 4. PARTICIPANTS ...................... " ........................................ " .................... .. 2 5· FACILITIES MADE AVAILABLE BY THE GOVERNMEN'lB ........................ 2 6. S'!AFF ...................................................................................................... 7· TIME AND DURATION OF THE COURSE .................................................. 8. TEACHING PROGRAMME ............................................................................ 9. OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY .. .......................................................... .. 5 • 10. REPORTING BY PARTICIPAN'lB .. ........................................................ .. 6 11. CLOSING CEREMONY .............................................................................. 6 12. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. ............ " ................................ .. 6 ANNEX 1 List of Participants ANNEX 2 - List of Resource Personnel in the Training Programme ANNEX 3 Programme of the Course ANNEX 4 Pe rticips.nts t Report on the Weekly Proceedings :)f the Trs.ining Course 1. INTROIUCTIOl'l If tuberculosis is eventUB.lly to be eliminated, national key organ izers must be trained in the public health application of tuberculosis control methods end techniques. During the period 1956-1959, the former WHO Tuberculosis Resea.rch Office, in co-operation with the Government of Denmarl:, undertook the resp::msibility of training llRO fellows in this field. Follo~n.ng the closure of the WHO Tuberculosis Resee rch Office in 1959, internati::mal training courses ha.ve been orga.nized annually since 1961 in Prague, Czechoslovakia a.nd in Rome, Ita.ly (the f::;rmer in English and the latter in French), 1r1th WHO assistance. Some participants, however, felt that since conditions in Europe were so different to th?se in their Olm countries some of the techniques and methods suitable for Europea.n countries would not be applicable in their own communities. WHO Head qua.rters, therefore, suggested the organization of regione.l training courses, so tha.t a. more practical approach, suitable to the regions concerned, could be adopted. The Regional Training Course on the Epidemiology a.nd Control of Tuberculosis, held in Singapore a.nd Chine. (Taiwan), was the first one organ ized in response to this recommendation. The Governments of Singapore and China Itindly agreed to act as hosts. 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The general objectives of the course were to give training in the modern methods a.nd techniques of tuberculosis control, and to prepare the pa rticipa.nts for their future ta.sks in the effective a.pplication of control mea.sures on a IIlS.SS scale under the local technical and socio-economic con ditions in their own countries. The specific objectives were to a.cquaint the partiCipants with the following subjects: (a) the epidemiological approach to the problem; (b) prevention of tuberculosis; (c) detection of infectious sources in the community; (d) methods of reducing transmission through efficient and economics.l neutra.lization of infectious sources on a na.tion-wide scale; (e) planning, organization, execution and evaluation of a na.tional tuberculosis control programme in coun tries with va.r1ous epidemiological and socio economic conditions. 3. ORGANIZATION 3.1 The course was orge.nized by the Ministry of Health, Singapore a.nd the Provincial Health Department, China (Taiwan), 1nth the assistance of WHO. The min part ws.s held in Singapore. This was folbwed by a two week field trip in Te.iwan. "'- ... j - 2 - 3·2 Dr. R. S. Wong, Assistant Director of Medics.l Services (Tuberculosis), Singapore, served ss the Course Di rector s.nd Dr. R. T. Lin, Director, Taipei .. Provincial Tuberculosis Control Centre, as Deputy Director. The Operational Officer ws.s Dr. J.C. Tao, Regional Tuberculosis Adviser. Dr. H.M. va.n der Wall, Epidemiologist s.nd Tea.m Leader of the WHO Regional Tuberculosis Advisory Team, served as the Deputy Operational Officer. 3.3 A full-time secretary wa.6 employed by WHO when the course was con- ducted in Singapore, a.nd the governments supplied additional a.ssistance whenever required. 4. PARTICIPANTS In August 1965, governments of countries and territories in the Western Pa.cific Region 1-Tere invited to nominate participants. In countries where voluntary associations are ta.king active part in the operation of the national tuberculosis programme, participants were also invited. It 1n1S lD!I.de clea.r to governments that the pEI.rticipents recommended should be l~ey personnel in their respective tuberculosis services, with experience in the • field of tuberculosis for at least five years. In all, eleven medical officers were a.warded WHO fellovTships for pa.rticipe.tion in the course: two from China (TaivTSn), one from Japan, two from the Republic of Korea, one from Malaysia (Sebeh), three from the Phil1ppines, one from Ryukyu Islands, and one from Singapore. Of these, three participants also represented voluntary aSSOCiatiOns, 1. e., one from the Philippines, one from Korea. and the third from Japa.n. In addition, two observers were nominated by the Government of Singapore. One pa.rticipant from Cook Isle.nds, who happened to be in Singa.pore and in Taiwan on a WHO fellowship, elso participated in the course. A list of the partiCipants appears in Annex 1. 5. FACILITI&:l MADE AVAILABLE BY THE GOVERNMENTS 5.1 The New Lecture Theatre in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, ws.s mede available when the course i:aS held in Singspo.e. This consisted of a. large hell la.rge enough to accoTJlllX)dste 250 persons. The lecture theatre ws.s used unpartitioned for the opening ceremony, after 1~hich it was diVided into three rooms: one for lecture purposes, one as a cOTJlllX)n-room s.nd librsry for • the participants, a.nd the third ss the administra.tive office. In addition. an air-conditioned room on the ground floor vlSS ms.d.e avail'lble for the con- sultants and project staff. In Taipei, the conference hell of the newly- built TB.ipei Provincis.l TUberculosis Control Centre "Tas made svailable to the course. The lecture hall of the University Hospital was used for the closing ceremony. 5.2 Through the courtesy of the University of Singapore, arrangements were made for sll the partiCipants to be housed in the King Edward VII Hall in the compound of the Genersl Hospita.l, Singapore. Es.ch participant ws provided "T1th a. single furnished room. All the soc18.1 facilities provided by the King Edward VII BB.ll were made ava.llable to the participa.ots. In addition, temporary membership of the library of the Medical Faculty, University of Singapore was granted to both partiCipants s.nd consultants . .. / - 3 - .. - 5.3 Transport Transport w.s provided by both Governments for members of the pro ject staff and for visiting consultants. In addition,buses were made available to transport the participants to and from the mep.ting he.ll deily on all ,fOrking days. The buses uere also available to ta.l~e the partici pants on field visits and social functions connected ,11th the course. 6. STAFF A list of a.ll those who pa.rticipated in the tea. ching programme appears in Annex 2. This includes members of the WHO Regiona.l Tuberculo sis Advisory Team, visiting lecturers and ne.tionel specie.lists. EveI"J effort was made to '!nsure the maximum participation of the latter group in the course, especially in the presentation of locs.l data. and field .. demons t ra t ions • 7. TIME AND DURATION OF THE COURSE The first part of the course was held in Singapore from llj. February to 28 April 1966, inclusive. This w.s immediately followed by a fortnight's second session in Chine. (Taiwan). The Singapore session included a three dey trip to Kuala. Lumpur, MalaYSia, to observe the Tuberculosis Control Programme in Malaya. The second pert included visits of five cities a.nd eight counties in the Province of Taiwan. 8. TEACHING PROGRAMME 8.1 A genera.l programme w.s dra ..m up in Me.nila in October 1965 setting out the purpose of the course end the subject matter to be covered (Annex 3). This was circula.ted to the administrative officers end visiting consultents and formed the basis for the preparation of the weekly programmes throughout the course. 8.2 Weekly programme The weekly programmes ,vere dra.WD up well in adve.nce by the Course Director end the Deputy Operations.l Officer in consulte.tion vith the l.ocsl specialists concerned. 8.3 Program~~liS[ The teaching was conducted in English. At least two of the parti cipants had an inadequate knowledge of the langusge and extra.-murB.l dis cussions and explanations were frequently required for the cla.rificstion of difficulties and misinterpretations. ...j - 4 - ... The tea. ching programme extended from Monday through Friday each l'leek, except on the day of the opening ceremony (Monday, 14 February 1966), on pu;'lic holidays (1 April and 8 April 1966 to 11 April 1966) a.nd on the occa.sion (7 March 1966) of a herbour tour, organized by the Port Authority of Singapore. There were three teaching sessions a day: from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m., 10:15 a.m. to 12 noon and 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. There were occasional deviations Xrom this time schedule: e.g., on two days with a scheduled field programme from 5:00 p.m. to 10 :00 p. m. and a morning l-lhen ;.rork sta. rted before :;: :00 a. m. On mos t weeks, Saturday was reserved for library reference or for individus.l dis cussions '\-lith members of the resource sta.ff.