Sustainable Landscapes Project

Interim integrated weed list for the greater Adelaide region incorporating: • Weeds of National Significance • SA Urban Forest Biodiversity Program environmental weed list • CRC for Australian Weed Management factsheet: Alternatives to invasive garden plants, Greater Adelaide Region 2004 • CSIRO ten most serious invasive garden plants for sale in South Australia # Many of the plants in the following list may not cause problems if properly contained, but when planted or dumped near remant native vegetation can easily escape and become invasive. We recommend that these plants only be planted in areas where they do not cause problems, and even then that they be carefully maintained and monitored.

Plant species common as environmental weeds of the Adelaide region

* non-native (exotic) species ** proclaimed species # CSIRO invasive

Trees and tall shrubs

Common name Scientific name Where it is a problem Cootamundra wattle Acacia baileyana hills silver wattle Acacia dealbata hills early black wattle Acacia decurrens hills Flinders Ranges wattle Acacia iteaphylla Acacia longifolia var. hills sallow wattle longifolia # golden wreath wattle Acacia saligna all areas tree of heaven *Ailanthus altissima plains, hills Irish strawberry tree *Arbutus unedo hills tree lucerne / tagasaste *Chamaecytisus palmensis plains, hills, creek cotoneaster *Cotoneaster spp. creek, hills May hawthorn *Crataegus monogyna creek, hills ** azzarola Crataegus sinaica creek, hills *Fraxinus angustifolia ssp. creek, hills # desert ash oxycarpa pincushion hakea Hakea laurina hills tree tobacco *Nicotiana glauca all areas ** # olive *Olea europaea all areas (Olives can be grown for agricultural purposes) Cape Leeuwin wattle Paraserianthes lophantha creek, hills, coast ** # Aleppo pine *Pinus halepensis plains, hills,mallee radiata pine *Pinus radiata hills sweet pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum plains, hills, creek myrtle-leaf milkwort *Polygala myrtifolia hills, coast poplar *Populus spp. plains, hills, creek plum *Prunus spp. creek, hills castor oil plant *Ricinus communis all areas black locust Robinia pseudoacacia creek, hills # weeping willow *Salix babylonica hills, creek peppercorn tree *Schinus molle plains, creek, hills ** athel pine *Tamarix aphylla creek elm *Ulmus spp. plains, hills Shrubs

Common name Scientific name Where it is a problem swan plant *Asclepias fruticosus hills broad-leaved cotton-bush *Asclepias rotundifolia hills green poison berry *Cestrum parqui plains, hills ** boneseed *Chrysanthemoides all areas monilifera ssp. monilifera New Zealand mirror-bush *Coprosma repens creek, hills, coast ** English broom *Cytisus scoparius hills heath/ Spanish heath/ tree hills *Erica spp. heath flax-leaf broom *Genista linifolia hills ** Montpellier broom *Genista monspessulana hills rosemary grevillea Grevillea rosmarinifolia hills silky hakea Hakea sericea hills holly *Ilex aquifolium hills # topped lavender *Lavandula stoechas hills coastal teatree Leptospermum laevigatum coast ** African boxthorn *Lycium ferocissimum all areas ** horehound *Marrubium vulgare plains, coast, mallee Cape honey flower *Melianthus major creek, coast African furze *Muraltia heisteria hills oleander *Nerium oleander (high toxicity) *Opuntia spp. all areas ** prickly pear (except O. ficus-indica) blowfly bush / buckthorn *Rhamnus alaternus plains, creek, hills, coast ** dog rose *Rosa canina hills salt cedar *Tamarix ramosissima plains, creek, coast ** gorse *Ulex europaeus hills

Climbers and creepers

Common name Scientific name Where it is a problem Madiera vine *Anredera cordifolia creek, hills, coast ** bridal creeper *Asparagus asparagoides all areas ** bridal veil *Asparagus declinatus all areas *Asparagus scandens and A. plains, creek, hills, coast asparagus fern densiflorus Billardiera (orSollya ) creek, hills, coast blue-bell creeper heterophylla Cape ivy *Delairea odorata creek, hills, coast dolichos pea *Dipogon lignosus creek, hills, coast Fumitory *Fumaria spp. plains, hills, creek English ivy *Hedera helix creek, hills purple morning glory *Ipomoea congesta plains, hills, creek morning glory *Ipomoea indica plains, creek, hills, coast Japanese honeysuckle *Lonicera japonica creek, hills ** sweet briar/eglantine *Rosa rubiginosa plains, creek, hills ** blackberry *Rubus fruticosus agg. plains, hills wandering jew *Tradescantia fluminensis plains, creek, hills nasturtium *Tropaeolum majus plains, creek, hills # blue periwinkle *Vinca major creek Grasses, herbs, bulbs and corms

Common name Scientific name Where it is a problem century plant *Agave americana coast, mallee ** three-cornered garlic *Allium triquetrum plains, creek, hills ** crow garlic *Allium vineale mallee marram grass *Ammophila arenaria coast heart-leaf iceplant *Aptenia cordifolia coast arctotis *Arctotis stoechadifolia plains, coast giant reed/bamboo *Arundo donax creek baboon-flower *Babiana angustifolia hills pigface Carpobrotus edulis coast African corn-flag *Chasmanthe floribunda var. plains, creek, hills floribunda pampas grass *Cortaderia spp. creek, hills couch *Cynodon dactylon plains, creek, hills, coast monadenia *Disa bracteata hills plains, hills, coast (invasive seaside daisy *Erigeron karvinskianus in bushland) euryops *Euryops abrotanifolius hills freesia *Freesia alba x leichtlinii hills *Galenia pubescens & G. plains, coast galenia/ carpet weed secunda # gazania *Gazania linearis hybrids coast, mallee * Gladiolus tristis & G. hills wild gladiolus undulatus coolatai grass / tambookie all areas *Hyparrhenia hirta grass iris *Iris spp. hills (invasive in bushland) ixia *Ixia spp. hills tangier pea *Lathyrus tingitanus hills Snowflake *Leucojum aestivum hills sea-lavender *Limonium spp. coast medic *Medicago spp. all areas *Mesembryanthemum plains, coast, mallee common iceplant crystallinum ** Cape tulip *Moraea flaccida & M. miniata plains, hills thread iris *Moraea setifolia plains fragrant onion *Nothoscordum inodorum plains, creek, hills carrion flower *Orbea (or Stapelia) variegata plains ** sour sob *Oxalis pes-caprae plains, hills one-o'clock *Oxalis purpurea hills # kikuyu *Pennisetum clandestinum all areas # fountain grass *Pennisetum setaceum all areas phalaris *Phalaris aquatica hills, creek rice millet *Piptatherum miliaceum plains, hills polygala *Polygala virgata plains, hills pincushion/ scabious *Scabiosa atropurpurea plains, hills sparaxis *Sparaxis spp. hills synnotia *Synnotia villosa hills tritonia *Tritonia spp. hills vetch *Vicia spp. plains, hills blue periwinkle *Vinca major plains, creek, hills *Watsonia meriana var. creek, hills ** bulbil watsonia bulbillifera arum lily *Zantedeschia aethiopica creek Aquatics

Common name Scientific name Where it is a problem ** alligator weed *Alternanthera philoxeroides creek ** cabomba *Cabomba caroliniana creek ** leafy elodea *Egeria (or Elodia) densa creek ** water hyacinth *Eichhornia crassipes creek ** horsetail or scouring rush *Equisetum spp. creek parrot’s feather *Myriophyllum aquaticum creek ** salvinia *Salvinia molesta creek

This plant list includes the list adapted from SA Urban Forest Biodiversity Program (2001) Conserving Adelaide's Biodiversity: Resources, SA Urban Forest Biodiversity Program, Adelaide & Robertson, M. (1997) Stop Bushland Weeds, Nature Conservation of South Australia Inc., Adelaide.

Weeds of National Significance

Common Name Scientific Name prickly acacia Acacia nilotica ssp. indica alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides pond apple Annona glabra bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides & A. declinatus cabomba Cabomba caroliniana bitou bush/boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora hymenachne Hymenachne amplexicaulis lantana Lantana camara mimosa Mimosa pigra Chilean needle grass Nassella neesiana serrated tussock Nassella trichotoma Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata parthenium weed Parthenium hysterophorus blackberry Rubus fruticosus agg. (industry cultivars exempt) Willows except weeping willows, Salix spp. except S. babylonica S. pussy willow and sterile pussy willow X calodendron and S. X reichardtii salvinia Salvinia molesta athel pine Tamarix aphylla gorse Ulex auropaeus

These plants should not be established in parks or gardens.