Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized , Inc. Rehabilitation and Upgrading to 2-lane I 2-lane NH-200 km in the State of Orissa

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

BACKGROUND The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MORTH), Government of India has decided to up-grade the entire existing single lane/ intermediate lane National Highways, which are not covered under National Highways Development Program (NHDP) to at least 2-lane standards through National Highways Inter-connectivity Improvement Program (NHIIP). The NHIIP comprises of 33 project roads of non-NHDP National Highways across 7 states and 1 Union Territory with total length of 3769 km. Of these, 11 sub-projects have been proposed by MORTH for implementation with World Bank Assistance. The present report pertains to Bhojpur to Chhatabar Section (Km 131.000 to Km 192.000) of NH 200 in the State of Orissa. The MORTH intends to rehabilitate and up-grade the existing single lane/intermediate lane between Bhojpur to Chhatabar of NH 200 to 2-lane/2-lane with paved shoulders configuration. The implementation of rehabilitation and up-gradation of this corridor is likely to be taken up with World Bank assistance. The World Bank has agreed to support this sub-project in-principle provided the implementation conforms to environmental and social safeguard policies of the World Bank and the legal framework of the country. The project road starts at Bhojpur (Km 131.000) in Sambalpur District and ends near Chhatabar (Km 192.000) in Deogarh District on NH-200 in Orissa State. The project road is divided in two parts. First part of the project road at km 156.436 terminates on NH 6 near Tilaibani village. In second part, the project road at NH 200 is again originated just before Deogarh city, in continuation of chainage km 156.436 and ends near Chhatabar at km 192.000. The project requires World Bank, Government of India (GOI) and the State Government (GOO) clearances and approvals before the construction work can proceed. The project road does not fall under the preview of EIA Notification 2006, amended in 2009. Since the project road is not located in a legally defined eco-sensitive area, there is no wildlife sanctuary and national park within 10 km from the project road and land acquisition is not more than 20m at any location of the project road, no environmental/ wildlife clearance is required to be sought from the NBWL/MOEF. The MORTH has appointed the Louis Berger Group Inc. as project consultant to assist all aspects of project preparation and implementation in accordance with the objectives as detailed in the Terms of Reference (TOR). These tasks are linked to the engineering, environment and social aspects of the project preparation that will be undertaken throughout the period of Consultancy agreement EXISTING ROAD CONDITIONS The Project Road for most of its length passes through Rolling Terrain except from km 158 to km 168 the road passes through Mountainous/ Hilly Terrain. The roadside environment is variable from rural village developments to rural agricultural areas, semi-rural open areas with occasional roadside dwellings and small businesses scattered throughout the route.

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There is ribbon development at some locations along the road with small settlements. Major part of the project road passes through forest and rural open areas.

~ Existing Right of Way The information collected from the Revenue department indicate that the existing ROW varying from 8m to 30m along the project road which is insufficient for accommodating the proposals of 2-laning.

~ Traffic Volume The directional classified traffic volume counts are carried out for each traffic homogeneous section at km 131.500 (Bhojpur) and km 182.00 (Riamal) for 24 hours a day continuously for 7 days. The average composition of traffic reveals 2-wheeler comprising of 26% and 35% in the total traffic at Bhojpur and Riamal respectively. Next to 2 wheelers is bicycle and it constitutes about 35% at both locations which is used for short distance movement by the people residing in the surrounding areas of the project road. Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi at both places comprise of 4% of the total traffic count. Light commercial vehicle (LCV) comprises of 2% and 5% at Bhojpur and Riamal respectively.

~ Widening Option Due importance has been given to environmental and social issues while road designing. The coordination between social and design team helped in minimizing the number of PAPs and affected households. The project road traverses through Riamal village from km 180.500 to 183.00. This part of town is densely populated and existing ROW varies between 8m to 20m. Majority of ROW is encroached and widening proposal of the existing road in this section could impact about 139 structures. At initial stage of the project, to avoid all adverse impact in Riamal village, four bypass options were proposed and presented to the local public during public consultation. There was a heavy public protest especially by the land owners in Riamal against fresh land acquisition required for the proposed bypass. Thereafter, widening of the existing road was proposed which was also protested heavily by the local public. Considering these the project authority decided strengthens the existing road in Riamal village portion instead of widening. Therefore, strengthening work in the Riamal village section will be done within the available space without impacting any existing structures or fresh land acquisition. Eccentric widening option (one side widening) has been proposed generally for improvement of existing road alignment however, concentric widening option has been proposed in most of the habitat sections so as to avoid e?'tra land acquisition and to minimize adverse social impact. Therefore, all estimations were limited to the Col only and the project will not displace any person outside the corridor of impact, even if within the ROW.

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IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT AFFECTED HABITATIONS The total of 58 revenue villages and settlements are located within one km of corridor on both sides of the project road that have been identified. Out of total 58 villages identified along the project road, 39 villages are located right on the alignment of the project road and considered as directly affected villages and rest 19 villages are considered as indirectly affected villages. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT INGULENCE AREA

~ Orissa at a Glance According to the 2011 census of India, the total population of Orissa is 41,947,358 of which 50.5% are males and 49.4% are females. Population of Orissa increased by 13.9% during the decade 2001 to 2011. Orissa is located between the parallels of 17.49N and 22.34N latitudes and meridians of 81.27E and 87.29E longitudes. In terms of population, Orissa stands eleventh among all the States and Union territories of India. The population density is 269per km. There are 978 females per 1000 males. The literacy rate is 73.45% with 82.4% of males and 64.36% of females being literate, according to Census 2011 (Source: Provisional Orissa Handbook 2011). Orissa has large tribal population, who are at various stages of socio-economic development. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes form 16.53% and 22.13% of the state population, constituting 38.66% of the State population. The overall literacy rate of ST is only 37.4% as compared to the state average of 63.08%. The ST population in the State is overwhelmingly rural, with 94.5 percent residing in villages as compared to the state total of 85% people living in rural areas.54.41% of the total tribal populations live in the Scheduled area and the remaining 45.59% live outside the Scheduled area.

~ Districts The project influence districts are Sambalpur and Deogarh. Total number of inhabited villages in PIA is 1949 and out of this, 1,238 numbers of villages are in Sambalpur district and the remaining 711 are in Deogarh district. As regard population in PIA, Sambalpur district constitutes 78.82% of total PIA population and Deogarh district constitutes merely 21.18%. The population in Deogarh district is merely 274,108 as against Sambalpur district of 935,613. The low population in Deogarh district is reflected in density of population of the district with only 93 persons per sq. km. The same for Sambalpur district is 141 persons per square kilometer. Urbanization of an area is the reflection the development process and proportion of population living in rural area in PIA district is very high. In Deogarh district more than 92% population is living in rural area where as the same for Sambalpur district is 72.9%. The composition of male and female in appropriate proportion is a healthy sign of a society. In Sambalpur and Deogarh districts the female constitutes 49.22% and 49.51% of district total population. Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) are integral part of Indian society and need additional support due to their vulnerable nature. In the project influence districts, the percentage of SC to total district population is 17% in Sambalpur and 15.4% in

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Deogarh. The same for scheduled tribe is 34.5% in Sambalpur district and 33.6% in Deogarh district.

~ Project Impact Zone Every project has direct impact zone (DIZ) and indirect impact zone (liZ). Direct impact zone from this project point of view has been considered as 13m (Col- 6.5m either side from the existing centerline) in urban/ semi-urban section and 13 m to 20m in rural section as per design requirement from place to place. There are 58 revenue villages of small & large habitations located within lkm on both side of the project corridor. Out of 58no, 39 revenue villages are located right on the project corridor and considered as direct affected and other 19 villages are located little far from the road alignment but within lkm of project corridor are considered as indirect impact zone. Census & SES details of these 58 villages are presented below.

~ House Hold & Population Approximately, 7,029 households comprising 33,940 persons (Male 50.72 & Females 49.28%) are residing in a swath of one km from the existing road. This includes 285 project affected households. Large majority of these 7029 households are likely to be benefited by the project road upgrading directly.

~ Literacy Literacy level among the likely affected population has been recorded as a part of Census & SES survey. Literacy level of target population is important from that fact that it will provide a basis to understand the affected populations' education level and form a strong base for developing various training and skill development for the affected population. The data revealed that 55.61% of total population of affected villages is in illiterate category. About 44.39% population of project affect villages are educated which is much below in comparison to district 67.3% and 60.4% in Sambalpur and Deogarh respectively. However, as per census 2001 there is large difference between the male and female literacy rates. Male rates in the project affected villages' stands at 66.55% whereas female literacy rate is just 45.14%.

~ Occupation Pattern Occupation profile of the households living along the project corridor has been recorded from census book 2001. The data reveals that people are primarily engaged in agriculture, Labor, small business and service sector. Around 44.40 % of total population is identified in the working category, which is higher in comparison to the state's figure of 38.8%. Out of total of 44.4%, 60.29% are main workers and 39.71% are marginal workers engaged in agriculture, cultivation and labor works. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the majority of the people in the project affected area. The share of women is higher among non-workers and marginal workers. SCHEDULE CAST & SCHEDULE TRIBE POPULATION The data reveals that SC and ST population are present in almost all the villages in varying proportion. 14.68 % of total population of affected villages belongs to Schedule Caste which consist 14.77% of male and 14.60% of female population. Schedule Tribe population in the affected region/ villages has significant share in the total population. It shares 31.08% in

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total of affected population in which, male shares 31.03% and females shares 31.34% of total population.

~ Income Levels The income level of the surveyed households has been grouped in four ranges from less than Rs. 2,000 per month to more than Rs. 10,000 per month. The data reveals that 64.36% population fall under the group having income up-to rupees 2,000, 21.78% in between rupees 2,000 to 5,000, 7.92% in between rupees 5000 to 1000 and 5.94% in the group having income more than rupees 10,000per month.

~ Existing Public Amenities For majority of the respondents interviewed, during sample survey, the availability of various facilities is within one to two kilometer distance. For some of the respondents, facilities like hospital, post office and bank are in the range of 2 to 5km and there are others, for whom, these facilities are available at a distance of more than five kilometer. The availability of infrastructure can be attributed to the fact that, all the villages are on the NH 200 or nearby surrounding areas which is main arterial road for the region. Nonetheless, good infrastructure support is very vital to over development of the region.

~ Status of women The analysis of data reveals that women in the surveyed households engaged in activities such as cultivation, allied activities (Dairy, Poultry, Sheep rearing, etc.), trade& business, household work, agriculture worker, participation in Panchayat activities. Majority of the woman (98%) members look after household activities like any other woman member in the country. There are about 1% of women member engaged in cultivation. Only 0.75% of women members are involved in other activities such as dairy, 25.84% women are involve in collection and sale of forest product, 30.71% are engaged as an agricultural labour.

~ Migration in Orissa Orissa's share is 2.5 million and considered a key state for supply of migrant labour. In Orissa 76,84,371 households were surveyed under the 2002 BPL survey carried out by the Government of India (reference BPL survey of India 2002). Out of which 30,28,526 households were reported as migrants and coming under the category of seasonal and casual work. The percentage of rural migration to the total surveyed rural household in Orissa is little less than 50%. Survival migration which is seasonal in nature and occurs under distress conditions are the unique characteristics of migration in Orissa. This type of survival migration in Orissa is found mostly in Adivasi areas. Some empirical studies have identified that, women migrants are on the rise from Orissa. Though illiterates, they have developed an urge to be economically independent. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PROJECT AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS/ PERSONS

~ Introduction Socio Economic profile of the project affected households has been collected during census and SES survey of the effected households. The cut-off date for the eligibility of

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the entitlements for the non-titleholders is the date of commencement of the census survey 21 Oct- 2011 for the project NH-200. A total of 285 project affected households comprising 1501 person are likely to be affected by the project out of which only 172 households could be surveyed. The reaming 113 households could not be surveyed even after making repeated efforts because of non-availability of land owners in the respective villages. Enquiry with panchayat and villagers reveals that majority of land owners have been staying in places like Sambalpur, Angul and Bhubaneswar, etc. Further, some of the land owners refuse to provide response to the survey. Therefore, the social impact assessment covers details of 172 households.

~ Affected Households The survey data reveals that project corridor is affecting 172 households in total and OBC shares the 62.79% of total affect households followed by ST 15.70%, General 13.13%, and SC 8.14%. The composition of population shows that OBC constitute majority of the affected households followed by ST population. The survey data reveals that the share of ST population (15.7%) is much below in comparison to state (22.1 %) and affected districts (Sambalpur 34.5% and Deogarh 33.6%) level.

~ Affected Population Of the 285 affected households, 172 affected households were surveyed that comprised 906 persons, Of these 906 persons 454 persons experience impact on the structures and 452 persons experience impact due to the proposed land acquisition. 62.79% of the total affected population belongs to OBC category followed by 15.74% ST, 10.18% General and 8.14% under SC Category. The data reveals that ST population in the project affect households are much below (15.74%) in compression to State (22.1%) and District (Sambalpur 34.5% and Deogarh 33.6%) population. The data reveals that male shares 53.26% in comparison to females 4674% of the total affected population. In Schedule Tribe population, female shares are the highest percentage in comparison to the other categories i.e. 48.92% of the total population followed by Schedule OBC 47.00%. Gender ratio in the Schedule Tribes (ST) is still better, in comparison to other categories.

~ Religion of the PAHs Findings of the socio-economic survey reveals that 97.09% project affected households are Hindus & Muslims comprise 2.91% of the project affected households.

~ Average Household Size and Composition The total persons living in these households are 906. As regard household size, 27.91% has household size of 3 or less than 3 persons shares 12.58% of the affected population; 45.93% has household size of 4to 5 persons shares 39.18% of affected population; another 13.37% has household size of 6 to 8 persons shares 16.56% of the affected population and the remaining 12.79% has household size of more than 8 persons which is sharing 31.68% of the project affected population. However, the average size of the household is 5.25 persons.

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~ Literacy Status of the Mfected Population The survey reveals that illiterate comprises of 22.19% in total survey population. About 21.63% are educated up to primary level; whereas, educated up to high school, graduate & above constitute 29.03%, 12.03% and 2.54% respectively. A mere 1.55% of PAPs are technically qualified which indicates the need for stress on technical education and skill enhancement programs in PIA.

~ Marital Status of PAPs Socio-economic survey reveals 705 (77.81 %) persons are married while 201 (22.19%)) persons are unmarried.

~ Health Status of PAHs Data on health status of PAHs indicate that nearly 34.30% of the households have recorded some form of illness. The main dieses reported in the area are Asthma, Blood Pressure, Viral Fever and Malaria.

~ Employment status of PAPS The data reveals that employment status (18.54%) is very poor in the project affected households in comparison to state (38.8%) and district Sambalpur (45.00%) and Deogarh (46.1% ). Poor employment status is one of the major causes of poor economic conditions ofthePAHs.

~ Occupational Profile and Sources of Employment The survey result reveals that people are primarily engaged in cultivation, labor, business, and agriculture and service sector. Around 7.56% & 55.23% of households are engaged in agriculture & cultivation related sector; households engaged in labor works are 11.63%, households engaged in business are 43.02% and another 9.88% household's main occupation is service.

~ Level of Poverty The income level of the surveyed households has been grouped in four ranges from less than Rs. 2,000 per month to more than Rs. 10,000 per month. In terms of percentage, 44.19% of affected households are having monthly income up to rupees 2000 or less, 37.21% households having income in between rupees 2,000 to 5,000 per month, 13.37% households having their income in between rupees 5,000 to 10,000 per month and only 5.23% households having income rupees 10,000 or above. The data reveals that around 45% of the PAPs are belonging to BPL category. As per socio-economic survey, out of the total48 households who have taken some form of loan 37 (77.08%) households have taken loan from some Bank and 7 (14.58%) households have taken a loan from NGO, 3 (6.25%) households from some money lenders and 1 (2.08%) for SHG.

~ Expenditure/ Consumption Pattern 91.27% PAHs spend less than Rs. 2,000/- on food. The least expenditure is on cooking fuel, clothing and health this statistics is representative of the low income group expenditure patterns on the basic items. Qualitative studies have documented the

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difficulties that households experience in trying to satisfy their food needs within the constraint of limited incomes.

~ Possession of Material Assets of Households The communication systems in the project corridor are well in place and nearly 57 PAPs have a telephone/mobile connection. Cycle is the preferred mode of transport amongst the P AHs. This fact is also reflected in the traffic survey analysis done at two locations. Ownership of refrigerator, TV, cooking gas, etc. is reported to be low particularly, in rural sections.

~ Livestock Possession of HHs Total 103 numbers livestock owned by the PAH. Out of total 103 livestock, 73.79% of livestock constituted by Cows, 18.45% by Goats and 7.77% by the Poultry. Majority of the habitations do not have livestock. STATUS OF WOMEN The analysis of data revealed that women in the surveyed households engaged in activities such as cultivation, allied activities (Dairy, Poultry, Sheep rearing, etc.), trade& business, household work, and agriculture labour. There are about 18.02% of women member engaged in cultivation, 3.49% of women members are involved in other activities, 8.14% women are involved in collection of water & fuel, 8.14% in agricultural labours, 6.40% are helping their household members in trade and business, 6.4% of women are in service, 5.23% of women are worked as non-agricultural labours and 18.60% women's are actively involved in the community and panchayat work. Analysis of data revealed that issues related to financial matters are decided primarily by male in around 52.75% of the households and jointly by man & women around 41.10% households. Also when decisions regarding purchase of assets are made they are taken primarily by males in 84 HHs (52.83% ). Land and property related decisions are taken by men in all the households. Decisions related to education of child and healthcare of children are taken primarily jointly by both women and men. Women say alone in all the matters is very limited almost negligible. ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE The availability of infrastructure can be attributed to the fact that all the villages are on the NH 200 which is main arterial road for the region. Nonetheless, good infrastructure support is very vital to over development of the region. For majority of the respondents interviewed, the availability of various facilities is within one to two kilometer distance. For some of the respondents, facilities like hospital, post office and bank are in the range of 2 to 5km and there are others for whom these facilities are available at a distance of more than five kilometer. HIV/ AIDS There is no HIV / AIDS case is reported during survey and around 98% surveyed households indicated knowledge about HIV/AIDS.

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SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

~ Introduction Census & SES surveys were carried out in the existing situation/ conditions to know the real impact within the COl has been done (within 13m i.e. 6.5 m from the existing center line on either side). The indicated width varies at some place as per the design requirement. The magnitude and intensity of the impact anticipated due to the proposed project is discussed below.

~ Likely Positive Impacts Upgrading and strengthening of NH 200 will induce economic and social benefits to the people in the direct influence zone i.e., villages through which the project road traverses and indirect benefits to the districts and state. Upgrading of the project road will improve intra-state as well as inter-state (Orissa & Chhattisgarh) connectivity, and thereby facilitate faster transportation of bulk goods and services with less interruption at a lesser transport cost. It will provide impetus for economic development in the immediate surroundings and would also generate local employment. Furthermore, it will facilitate improved access to market centers, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and offices located in the· districts. The cumulative likely positive impacts of the project will result in increased mobility, employment generation, and above all better economic integration of the area with the major market and trade centers within and outside the districts.

~ Minimizing Adverse Impacts As part of the project preparation, social screening survey was carried out by the consultant during January 2011. Sod.al screening survey (part of feasibility study) identified 581 structures and 16.14ha of private land which were likely to be affected. Subsequently, the design was revised twice after detailed discussion and deliberations with PCC and the World Bank specialists. Site visits were also undertaken to explore possibility of alternatives and re-checking the ground conditions. As discussed and advised during the site visit of the World Bank experts, many changes has been made in the proposed alignment and subsequently, few re-alignments and bypass at Riamal town has been removed. At the screening stage, impact on 581 structures and 16.14 hectare of private land was estimated which is reduced to 157 structures and 5.46 hectare during the final revision stage. The adverse impact of the project has been minimized/ reduced by making suitable modifications/ adjustments at many places. Concept of COl has been adopted to keep land acquisition at its minimum level. Concentric widening has been proposed at urban/ semi-urban areas, effort has been made to fix the proposed widening within the existing ROW. At some place, with the little adjustment/ reduction in the design speed, (curves at km 141.147, km 167.150, km 169.776, km 181.200 and km 184.437) of carves and turns has been adjusted with in the available ROW or with very minimal land acquisition. After micro level study on· ground, to minimize the land requirement at many locations, retaining walls have been proposed to keep embankment height/ formation width within the COL

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In urban/ sub-urban areas like Bhojpur (km 131.00. to 131.500), Rengalbeda (km 170.00 to km 171.500) and Naulipada (km 186.700 to km 188.00) to minimizing the impact the structure to structure pavement in total area has been proposed and whereas, drainage has been proposed under footpath. );- Likely Loss of Properties It is estimated that as many as 157 existing properties will be affected within 13 meters ROW 6.5m (except few locations) each side from the centerline of the existing carriageway). Private properties constitute 83.44%, Government/public & religious properties 1.27% each, community properties 2.55%, Utility 4.46% and Boundary Wall 7.01% of the total affected properties. );- District Wise Loss of Properties The data reveals that the least number of properties are likely to be impacted in Sambalpur district. The likely numbers of impacted properties in Deogarh and Sambalpur districts are 132 and 25 respectively. );- Private Properties Likely to be affected along the Road The total number of private properties likely to be affected due to the project is estimated to be 131 in number. Of these total private properties 68 are on the left side and 63 on the right side of the corridor. TYPE OF COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD There are 72, different types of commercial structures likely to be affected due to the proposed project. As recorded in survey data, maximum numbers of commercial establishments (80.56%) are shops followed by (11.11%) road side hotels, (2.78 %) each kiosk, commercial complex and small eatery. Majority of kiosks are outside of COl i.e. 13 (6.5m each side from the center) of the road only two Kiosks are located within the COl. );- Religious Properties Only boundary walls of two temples are getting affected in the proposed widening of 13m i.e. 6.5m from the center of existing road. Even though there are many religious structures are located all along the project road, efforts have been made to save majority of them by adopting concept of COL );- Construction type & area of the Structure likely to be affected Data reveals that (97) 59.10% of the structures enumerated within ROW are of semi­ permanent construction followed by (31) 18.39%are temporary, (11) 9.50% are permanent construction and (11) 13.00%are boundary Wall. );- Type of Utilities likely to be affected A total of 7 utilities are likely to be affected by the proposed widening of the project road. Data reveals that 4 (57.14%) Hand pumps, 2(28.57%) Bus Stops and 1 (14.29%) Toilet would get impacted within the proposed corridor of 13m. );- Land Acquisition The verified areas from the Competent Authorities are received. It is assessed that 5.46 hectare of private land with 281 surveys/ sub-survey numbers will have to be acquired.

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~ Mfected Households Proposed development will affect around 285 households out which 131 households will get affected by the impact on structure and remaining 154 households will be affected by the proposed land acquisition. Out of 131 private structures 2 are movable kiosks which can easily shifted and placed at other location.

~ Mfected Vulnerable Households To arrive at this figure, SC and ST proportion along with households having monthly income rupees 2,000 or less (BPL) has been considered as the base. The number of vulnerable households estimated likely to be affected by this road widening is 194. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS The process of information dissemination, collecting relevant information and to acquaint with social requirements of the project, the government officials, key informants & knowledgeable person of the society and other stakeholders were consulted during environmental and social survey. At the time of public consultation the government and non-government official have taken keen interest and were pleased with the implementation of the project and supplied most of the relevant information. The respected and influential personalities of the likely affected communities were consulted in order to resolve all the disputed issues relating to removal of unauthorized encroachments, shifting of religious properties where people's sentiments are involved and also to remove all kind of barriers pertaining to environmental social, political, historical, cultural and religious which may be obstacles in the way of project road widening.

~ Levels of Consultations The public consultations were carried out at the screening, feasibility and screening, feasibility, and social impact assessment stages of the project. The extent of likely adverse impacts was one of the major criteria for deciding the locations of public consultations. Consultations in the forms of interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, and stakeholder were carried out with various participants.

~ Gram Sabah/ Palli Sabah under PESA 1996 & FERA Project road of NH-200 traverses through 2 districts i.e. Sambalpur and Deogarh. The Section of road falls under Tehsil Jamankira and Kuchinda of Sambalpur district. These two districts are listed in Schedule V of constitution of India. Therefore, PESA (Panchayat Extension in Schedule Areas) 1996 is applied in all the villages getting affected directly by the Land Acquisition or Diversion of Forest land. As per applicable law and prescribed procedure to acquire the private & revenue land or diversion of forest land will be required Gram/ Palli Sabah resolution. Gram/ Palli Sabah under FERA (Forest Right Act) 2006 in the district of Deogarh Palli Sabah has been conducted in 35 villages and required resolution for diversion of forest and cutting of trees has been procured referred Annexure-11 of RAP. Based on the finding of the consultation with the various stakeholders and especially with the people living along the project corridor it is recommended that various minimization options should be worked out to reduce the loss of assets and livelihood of

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the people in project impact zone. The consultation process shall be continuing during the details design period to further minimize adverse impact and involve people's concern. RESETILEMENT & REHABILITATION LEGAL FRAMEWORK For the proposed development of NH 200 from km 131.00 to 192.00, the available ROW is insufficient, and therefore land acquisition is necessary. The proposed project will make improvements of existing two/intermediate lane to standard two lanes without paved shoulder configuration, improvement of geometric deficiencies from traffic safety point of view, proposals of truck laybys, bus stops and bus bays etc. All these provisions will require additional land. This RPF for the NHIIP has been prepared based on the findings of Social Survey Report (SSR) covering initial impact assessment and review of applicable legal and policy framework discussed above. In order to address the adverse impacts of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, MORTH, Govt. of India recognised the need for the development of Resettlement Policy Framework. There are gaps between Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policies of the country and certain states and the Bank's Resettlement Policy. Hence, there is a need to understand the critical elements of the existing legal and policy framework and agree on a mechanism that will address the key social issues and formulate a specific policy framework for the project to bridge the major gaps to conform to the provisions of World Bank's operational policies related to Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous Peoples.

);> Institutional Arrangement Suitable institutional arrangements will be made to manage and implement Resettlement Action Plan. The institutional arrangements will be set up at three levels viz., Central, State and Project Level.

);> Eligibility and Entitlement The entitlement matrix has been developed in accordance with the basic principles adopted in the RPF and analysis of initial identification of project impacts.

);> Valuation and Compensation for Losses The Valuation of land acquisition and resettlement has been worked out as per the entitlement matrix, rates for land, resettlement assistance, and support cost. The unit cost for land and other assets has been derived through field appraisal, consultation with affected households, relevant local authorities and reference from old practices. The rates for compensation have been proposed to the local governments and NH division. The support cost includes the cost of hiring the services of NGO and independent monitoring agency. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES The GRC will be constituted by the Project Authority with the aim to settle as many disputes as possible through consultations. There will be one GRC for each PIU. The GRC will comprise five members headed by a retired Magistrate not below the rank of SDM.

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Other members of the GRC will include a retired PWD Officer (not below the rank of Executive Engineer), RRO, representative of PAPs and Sarpanch (Elected Head of Village) of the concerned village. Grievances of EPs in writing will be brought to GRC for redress by the RAP implementation agency i.e. MORTH. The RAP implementation agency will provide all necessary help to PAPs in presenting his/her case before the GRC. The GRC will respond to the grievance within 15 days. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to EPs. This means the decision of the GRC does not debar EPs taking recourse to court of law, if he/ she so desires. TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

~ Introduction The census surveys and consultation with specific groups including tribal along the project stretches identified some critical tribal issues that need to be addressed under the project.

~ Methodology used to Assess Tribal Issues Structured questionnaires, open-ended formats, group discussion during preparation of Village Diary etc. were used to assess the impact. The data collected through socio­ economic survey and census survey was another source of information for social assessment of tribes. Consultation Methodology: consultations was carried out with the likely affected tribal population in a culturally appropriate manner using local languages where needed.

~ Palli (Gram) Sabah under PESA 1996 & Forest Right Act 2006 Project road traverses through Jamankira Tehsil, of Sambalpur District from km 131.00 to 147.00 and District Deogarh from km 147.00 to km 192.00. Jamankira Tehsil of district Sambalpur is listed under the Schedule V of constitution of India therefore, it is mandatory to conduct the Gram Sabah in these project affected villages as per the prescribed procedure with the minimum 15 days notices period. The required Gram Sabah has been conducted in all these project affected villages of Sambalpur district under PESA (Punchayat Extension in Schedule Areas) 1996. Whereas, district Deogarh is not listed under the Schedule V but schedule tribe population constitute a significant percentage of the total population of the district. Similarly, Gram Sabah has been conducted under FRA 2006 in all the project affected villages of Deogarh district where any forest land is getting affected by the proposed project. During these Gram Sabah, an especial attention was given on the tribal issues and there mitigations.

~ Specific Gram Sabah in Tribal Villages A special Gram Sabah has been organized in the 4 villages along with Block Development officer and NGO in the villages on 12 and 13th May 2012 to understand the type and nature of support required for enhance the economic and social status of Schedule Tribe population in the project affected area.

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PROJECT AFFECTED TRIBAL POPULATIONS AND THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ST households constitute 18.59% of the project affected households in PIA. Out of 285 households, SES & Census survey could only be conducted for 172 households. 113 households (mainly Land Owners) could not be surveyed due to reasons already stated in earlier sections. At the time of implementation, the RAP implementation agency shall update the baseline information for the entire remaining household who could not be surveyed. Out of 285 affected households, 53 ST households (extrapolated) are likely to be affected by the proposed upgrading of project road. Further details on ST' s have been provided in chapter-14.

);> Affected Tribal Population Data reveals that total of 301 ST populations likely to be affected by the proposed project. The ST population constitutes 18.36% of the project affected population in PIA which is very similar to the percentage of affected ST households i.e. 18.59% of the total affected households by the project

);> Marital Status As per socio-economic survey, 98 (70.50%) tribal are married while 41 (29.50%) persons are unmarried.

);> Education Status Majority (30. 94%) of the project affected tribal are illiterate and 18.71% are having primary education, 17.99% are educated up to Upper Primary, 18.71% are educated up to High School, 7.91% are up to Secondary and only 5.76% are educated up to Graduation and above. The level of education is indicates the poor status of education among Tribal in the PIA.

);> Employment and Occupation Status Out of 139 tribal PAPs surveyed, only 30 (21.58%) are employed. Out of 30, only one (i.e. 3.33%) person is salaried among all the ST population. Majority of the employed people are actually self-employed (73.33%) in their small farms and rest (20.00%) are engaged in small business such as petty shops, tea kiosks etc.

);> Income The income level of the entire area is low compared to other parts of the state. Out of 30 surveyed ST employed person 18 (60.0%) are earning Rs. 2,000 or less per month and only one member is earning more than Rs. 4,000 per month. Income level of ST population indicates about their economic condition.

);> Impact on Land The estimated land acquisition for the project is 5.46 hectare. Out of which around 0.3681 hectare land belong to surveyed Schedule Tribe households. As survey data reveals that out of 64 surveyed households getting affected by the land acquisition, 19 households belong to Tribal and these 19 households own 32 affected survey numbers.

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~ Impact on Structures The impacts include effect on Temporary and semi-permanent structures. During survey it has been recorded the out of 131 private affected structures, 8 structures are owned/ occupied by the Schedule Tribe population.

~ Other Possible Impacts Based on the consultations with the community along the project road, other direct and indirect impacts envisaged during construction are recorded. An additional assistance like job preference and training to enhance the skill of tribal and other vulnerable groups has been recommended as part of mitigation measures.

~ Consultation and Participation As presented, the project does have some minor negative impacts to tribal populations, which are easily manageable. The tribal have extended their support to the project given that the potential negative impacts and risks are properly mitigated or managed, as outlined in the framework for continued consultation, chapter-7. All communication and information dissemination in the project area shall be carried out in the culturally appropriate way like drum beating, announcements through loud speakers, holding village meeting, street plays, skit, distribution of leaflets providing project status etc. As presented, the project does have some minor negative impacts to tribal populations, which are easily manageable. The tribal have extended their support to the project given that the potential negative impacts and risks are properly mitigated or managed, as outlined in the chapter-14. Habitations which have high percentage (> 50%) of SC & ST population would be selected for providing additional value added community facility /works. An amount of Rs. 20 lakhs has been provided in the budget for value added community facilities. It is also highly recommended that the tribal are regularly consulted like at the start of Implementation and shall be continued after certain intervals at Middle and also at Final stages of project implementation. All communication and information dissemination in the project area shall be done in the culturally appropriate way like providing project information boards at easily excesses able locations, templates, through public announcements by mike and by dram beating etc.

~ Implementation Arrangements It is recommended to give preference to the agency that is native to the project area for implementation of RAP. In case the agency selected happens to be from outside the region, it would be ensured to include representation from the project area in the team of field professionals. This is to ensure that the RAP implementation agency is sensitive to the socio cultural profile and practices of the project area, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

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IMPACT ON WOMEN AND OTHER VULNERABLE GROUPS

);;> Women Headed Households The data collected during Census and SES survey of 172 project affected households revealed that a total of 424 female members which constituted 46.74% of the total affected population. Whereas, no women headed household has been reported in all172 surveyed household.

);;> Demographic and other key characteristic of affected women The data shows that a majority of affected women are in the age group of 18-25 years (36.2%) and 25-40 years (33.10% ). The third largest group is in 41-60 years age group (24.50% ). Percentage of older women above the age of 60 is about 6.20 percent.

);;> Women's Employment Status Majority of the women are unemployed as reflected in the occupation pattern. 18.02% of women's are engaged in cultivation, 6.40 are helping their households in trade and business followed by service 6.40%. Still, most of the women are restricted to the household chores only Most of the time these women spent in looking after children, household work, cooking, taking care domestic animals etc. which are not considered to have tangible economic value, hence a large number of women are categorized as unemployed.

);;> Vulnerable House holds Out of total 285 affected households, 126 vulnerable households are estimated that may be impacted due to this project. They may be further classified into economic and social vulnerability. 126 BPL households are economically vulnerable while the remaining 68 households are socially vulnerable. These may be further divided into the following sub heads: 45 & 23 households that is vulnerable on account of belonging to both Schedule Tribe and Schedule Cast category.

);;> Implementation Schedule MORTH will implement the land acquisition and resettlement plan as per the schedule prescribed in chapter-16. The construction period for the project is tentatively scheduled for two years. All activities related to the land acquisition and resettlement have been planned to ensure that the compensation is paid prior to displacement and commencement of civil works. Public consultation, independent monitoring and grievance redress will be undertaken on regular basis throughout the implementation of the project. SOCIAL AND R&R BUDGET The budget is indicative of outlays for the different expenditure categories and is calculated at the current price index. These costs will be updated and adjusted to the

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inflation rate as the project continues and during implementation. Total estimated cost for RAP and TDP Implementations is Rupees 3.97 crores. MONITORING AND EVALUATION RAP implementation will be closely monitored to provide the PIU with an effective basis for assessing resettlement progress and identifying potential difficulties and problems. Internal monitoring will be undertaken by the PIU. Monthly progress reports will be prepared and submitted to the PIU. The project authority will appoint an independent agency to undertake external monitoring. The independent agency will monitor the RAP implementation twice a year and submit reports directly to the project authority. Broadly, the monitoring and evaluation will cover the following. • Administrative monitoring including but not limited to: daily planning, implementation, feedback and trouble shooting, individual AP file maintenance, progress reporting; • Socio-economic monitoring including but not limited to: case studies, using baseline information for comparing AP socio-economic conditions, evacuation, demolition, salvaging materials, morbidity and mortality, communal harmony, dates for consultations, number of grievances and resolutions; and • Impact evaluation monitoring including but not limited to income standards restored or improved.

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CHAPTER 1 -TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1.1 Tribal Development Strategy Taking into account various safeguards and development programs available to tribal communities as well as the provisions of ORRP 2006, the Tribal Development Plan has been developed to ensure that any adverse impacts due to the project development are addressed adequately and that measures are taken to ensure that tribal communities and the project area benefit from the project at par with other. Though the proposed project intervention would not have direct adverse impact on tribal in larger extent, it is observed that there will be minor impact on these tribal populations. There will be loss of livelihood and shelter of Scheduled Tribe in selected . stretches. Therefore specific strategies based on type of loss and nature and magnitude of impact on tribal have been formulated for those who are directly impacted and a general strategies associated with tribal backwardness is also prepared .. The census surveys and consultation with specific groups including tribal along the project stretches identified some tribal issues that need to be addressed under the project. Constitution of India has provided base for the government to formulate special programs for the development of these vulnerable groups. Typically, vulnerability is relatively high among Scheduled tribes/indigenous people. Dislocation and loss of livelihood caused by road widening and development may further aggravate the disadvantaged condition unless special attention is paid to them. In this connection an assessment of impacts specifically on Scheduled Tribes (ST) has been done during the social assessment. This chapter discusses the issues/impacts likely to be caused due to proposed project interventions and actions necessary to mitigate the impact.

1.2 Status of Schedule Tribes in the Project Area State Orissa Orissa has large tribal population, who are at various stages of socio-economic development. At one extreme are the groups which lead a relatively secluded and archaic mode of life keeping their core culture intact, while at the other extreme there are communities which are indistinguishable from the general agricultural communities. The tribal people express their cultural identity and distinctiveness in their social organization, language, rituals and festivals and also in their dress, ornaments, art and craft. Overall, the state of Orissa ranks third in terms of tribal population in India. They constituted 10.84% of the total tribal population of India as per 2001 census. Orissa houses 62 types of tribes, of which 13 are primitive. The State has one of the richest diverse tribal populations in the country. Sizable agglomeration of tribal population in Orissa has moved to mining, industrial and urban areas for earning a secured living through wage-laborer. During the past three decades the process of industrial urbanization in the tribal belt of Orissa has been accelerated through the operation of mines and establishment of industries. Mostly persons from advanced tribal communities, such as Santhal, Munda, Ho, Oraon, Kisan,

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Gond etc. have taken to this economic pursuit in order to relieve pressure from their limited land and other resources. District Sambalpur Project road traverses through Jamankira Tehsil of Sambalpur district from km 131.00 to km 147.00. Tehsil Jamankira of district Sambalpur is listed in Schedule V of constitution of India. The district population is constituted by 34.5 percent of Scheduled Tribes. The major tribes enumerated in the district are Kisan (27.8%), Munda etc.(17.5%) and Gond etc.(17.1%) among the total tribal population of the district. Similarly, the castes having highest population are Ganda (40.7 percent), Pan Pano(12.2 percent) and Dewar (10.8) considering the total scheduled caste population. District Deogarh Project road traverses through Deogarh and Riamal Tehsil of Deogarh district from km 147.00 to km 192.00. District Deogarh is not included in Schedule V of constitution of India. However, there is ST population all along the project road. Schedule Tribe population constitute 33.6% of the total population of the district. Direct Impact Zone Most tribes tend to follow a clan based land tenure system which provides customary rights in land, trees, forests etc. Tribes like Kondhs, saoras, Parojas, Gadabas, Bondos, Juangs and Bhuiyans traditionally carry out shifting cultivation along with paddy in valley lands. Most tribes broadly cultivated four types of land - valley bottom paddy lands or wetlands, homesteads/backyards, uplands and shifting cultivation fields. Schedule Tribe constitutes a significant 31.18% of the total population of project affected villages. The tribal in the project affected villages have got assimilated with the main stream population of the area as a consequence they display both their traditional as well as acquired social and cultural identity. In the project affected villages majority of Tribes have adopted the culture and life style of the main stream population. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish them on the basis of their culture and life style.

Out of total172 (108 Structure & 64 Land) project affected households surveyed during Census and SES identified 27 Schedule Tribe households, out of that 8 Schedule Tribe households are getting affected by the way of impact on structures and rest 19 households by land acquisition. 1.3 Methodology used to Assess Tribal Issues Structured questionnaires, open-ended formats, group discussion during preparation of Village Diary etc were used to assess the impact. The data collected through socio­ economic survey and census survey was another source of information for social assessment of tribes. Consultation Methodology: consultations was carried out with the likely affected tribal population in a culturally appropriate manner using local languages where needed. It took place in different modes - one on one interaction during household survey and group meetings along with other PAPs. Most of the village level consultations were

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carried out during the social screening and detailed Social Impact assessment between September 2010 to March 2012 and these were in addition to the focus group discussions and interviews with individual ST affected households. All of these consultations were pre prior, and informed to the affected tribal people. During specific consultation, issues like relocation, options and preferences in relocation, compensation, assistance and income generation strategies like requirement of training to enhance the individual skills etc. were discussed. Palli (Gram) Sabah under PESA 1996 & Forest Right Act 2006 Project road traverses through Jamankira Tehsil, of Sambalpur District from km 131.00 to 147.00 and District Deogarh from km 147.00 to km 192.00. Jamankira Tehsil of district Sambalpur is listed under the Schedule V of constitution of India therefore, it is mandatory to conduct the Gram Sabah in these project affected villages as per the prescribed procedure with the minimum 15 days notices period. The required Gram Sabah has been conducted in all these project affected villages of Sambalpur district under PESA (Punchayat Extension in Schedule Areas) Act 1996 and acquired the required resolution for the proposed project. Whereas, district Deogarh is not listed under the Schedule V but schedule tribe population constitute a significant percentage of the total population of the district. Similarly, Gram Sabah's has been conducted under FRA 2006 in all the project affected villages of Deogarh district where any forest land is getting affected by the proposed project. During these Gram Sabah, an especial attention was given on the tribal issues and there mitigations. List of villages where Gram Sabahs has been conducted is provided in annexure-11 of RAP. Specific Gram Sabahs in Tribal Villages A special Gram Sabahs has been organized in the 4 villages along with Block Development officer and NGO in the villages on 12 and 13th May 2012 to understand the type and nature of support required to enhance the economic and social status of Schedule Tribe population in the project affected area refer annexure-12 of RAP. During the above meeting and discussion the following demands/ suggestion have been received from the Tribal community of the villages. The following training can be organized by the NGOs in the affected villages to develop the ST community with close coordination with local administration. Appropriate budget provision has been made for the proposed trainings. Table: 12.1: Details of Gram Sabah with Schedule Tribes No of Place of S.No. Date People Demand/ Suggestions GramSabah attended 1 12/5/2012 Telibani 25 1) Training for Goat Farm 2 12/5/2012 Baragadia 25 2) Computer learning 3) English speaking 3 13/5/2012 Khardakham 22 4) Pottery farming 5) Employment for the trained persons 4 13/05/2012 Pravasuni 18 6) Tailoring 7) Fabrication 8) Fish farming Source: Census & SES survey LBG

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1.4 Project Affected Tribal Populations and their Socio-Economic Status Affected Tribal Households The total 53 ST (extrapolated) households are estimated likely to be affected by the proposed project. Out of 285 affected households, SES & Census survey could only be conducted for 172 households, rest 113 households (mainly Land Owners) were either not available during the survey or refused to give data to the survey enumerators. There for analysis in below table has been done on the basis of 172 households. The survey data reveals that out of 172 project affected households for which Census & SES survey has been done, 27 households belong to Schedule Tribes. Similarly, out of 27 ST households, 8 households are likely to be affected by the impact on structures and rest 19 by the proposed Land Acquisition. The ST households constitute 18.59% of the project affected households in PIA. Details of estimated project affected ST household have been provided in table 14.2 below.

Table 12.2: Project Affected Schedule Tribe households Total Total s. ST ST Description Surveyed Mfected Remarks No. households households Households households Rest 23 households of affected structures could Households not be enumerated because affected by during survey that 1 108 8 131 10 Private structures was either Structures locked or they refused to give survey data to the survey enumerators. out of 281 affected land Households survey numbers, 117 were 2 affected by 64 19 154 43 surveyed and these 117 Private Land survey numbers are belonging to 64 households Total 172 27 285 53 Source: Census & SES survey LBG 1.5 Affected Tribal Population The data in below Table 12.2a reveals that total 301 ST PAPs is likely to be affected by the proposed project. During the survey of 172 project affected households, it has been reported that out of 906 affected populations, 139 persons are belonging to Tribal households. On the basis of surveyed households, it has been estimated that out of 1639 project affected population, 301 belong to Schedule Tribe PAPs. The ST PAPs constitutes 18.36% of the project affected population in PIA which is very similar to the percentage of affected ST households i.e. 18.59% of the total affected households by the project. Table 14.2a: Project Affected Schedule Tribe population Surveyed Total Description Total PAPs STPAPs affected ST

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PAPs PAPs affected by 1 454 28 551 34 Private Structures PAPs affected by 2 452 111 1088 267 Private Land 1639 (Should this be 1501? if Total 906 139 301 so, above% age would be20.05%) Source: Census & SES survey LBG Village wise population The average household size of the tribal population in the area is 5.16 which are not very different from 5.0 average HH size of the PIA. As the Table 14.3 shows, the total of 27 tribal households (with 139 PAPs) will be affected by the project. Table 14.3: Surveyed Tribal Project Mfected Households, Village wise S.No. Village Name ST Households PAPs Household Size 1 Rengalbeda 5 21 4.20 2 Pumagarh 3 10 3.33 3 Bhitarapada 1 2 2.00 4 Kuilari Jora 2 23 11.50 5 Pnivasuni 5 24 4.80 6 Telebani 2 11 5.50 7 Bandhkhol 1 6 6.00 8 Hadamunda 2 8 4.00 9 Masinta 0 0 0.00 10 Dhauragatha 0 0 0.00 11 Phulsanali 4 21 5.25 12 Teliposi 0 0 0.00 13 Sirid 2 13 6.50 Total 27 139 5.15 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Marital Status As per socio-economic survey, 98 (70.50%) tribal are married while 41 (29.50%) persons are unmarried. Marital status of tribal population is mentioned in Table 12.4. Table 12.4: Details of Marital status

S.NO Marital Status of PAPs Number % 1 Married 98 70.50 2 Unmarried 41 29.50 3 Widowed 0 0 Total 139 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG

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Age Structure The maximum number (90.65%) of tribal PAPs is in productive age group of 19-55 years. Details are as follows: Table 12.5: Age Structure of PAPs

S.NO Age Group (Years) Male Female Total Age Group%

1 0-18 9 8 17 12.23 2 19-25 15 14 29 20.86 3 26-35 19 24 43 30.94 4 36-55 22 15 37 26.62 5 56 to Above 7 6 13 9.35 Total 72 67 139 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Education Status Majority (30.94%) of the project affected tribal are illiterate and 18.71% are having primary education, 17.99% are educated up to Upper Primary, 18.71% are educated up to High School, 7.91% are up to Secondary and only 5.76% are educated up .to Graduation and above. The level of education is indicates the poor status of education among Tribal in the PIA. Details have been provided in table below.

Table 12.6: Literacy Level

S.No. CPRs Number % 1 Illiterate 43 30.94 2 Primary Schooling 26 18.71 3 Upper Primary Schooling 25 17.99 4 High School 26 18.71 5 Secondary 11 7.91 6 Graduate 8 5.76 Total 139 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Employment and Occupation Status Out of 139 tribal PAPs surveyed, only 30 (21.58%) are employed. Out of 30, only one (i.e. 3.33%) person is salaried among all the ST population. Majority of the employed people are actually self-employed (73.33%) in their small farms and rest (20.00%) are engaged in small business such as petty shops, tea kiosks etc. Among the employed ones, no one is daily wage earner and only one agriculture laborer (see Table 12.7a & 12.7b). Table 12.7a: Employment Status of PAPs

S.NO Employed Status Number %

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1 Employed 30 21.58 2 UnEmployed 109 78.42 Total 139 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Table 12.7b: Occupational Pattern of PAPs

S.NO Occupational Pattern Number %

1 Cultivator 22 73.33 2 Agricultural Laborer 1 3.33 3 Daily Wage Earner 0 0.00 4 Salaried 1 3.33 5 Business 6 20.00 Total 30 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Language and Culture The language spoken by the affected tribal households is Oriya which is similar to the general population along the project road. No unique socio-cultural practices were reported during the one to one interviews. Normally, the tribal people express their cultural identity and distinctiveness in their social organization, language, rituals and festivals and also in their dress, ornaments, art and craft which separates them from the other local population of the region. The tribal study by the consultant in the project affected area reveals that all though they belong to tribal category but they are very much following the local culture, festivals, rituals, religious system, dresses and also involved in the small road side petty business similar to local main stream Hindu community. Tribal in the PIA region have very much adopted the local system like main stream population. At times it seems very difficult to segregate tribal population with other local community in absence of identity proof in the PIA. Income The income level of the entire area is low compared to other parts of the state. Out of 30 surveyed ST employed person 18 (60.0%) are earning Rs. 2,000 or less per month and only one member is earning more than Rs. 4,000 per month. Income level of ST population indicates about their economic condition. The Income detail of the households is as below:

Table 12.8: Income Status of Employed Tribal PAPs

S.No. Income Level Number % 1 Below Rs. 2,000 18 60.00 2 Rs. 2,000-3,000 8 26.67 3 Rs. 3,000-4,000 3 10.00 4 Above4,000 1 3.33

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Total 30 100 Source: Census & SES survey LBG 1.6 Potential Impacts on Tribal Population Impact on Land The estimated land acquisition for the project is 5.46hectare. Out of which around 0.3681 hectare land belong to surveyed Schedule Tribe households. As survey data reveals that out of 64 surveyed households getting affected by the land acquisition, 19 households belong to Tribal and these 19 households own 32 affected survey numbers. Village and Survey number wise details are provided in table below. Table 12.9: Village & Survey number wise detail of ST Land Area in Sqr. S.No. Survey No. Village Mtr. 1 1071 Kuilari Jora 142 2 1119 Kuilari Jora 124 3 1058 Kuilari Jora 53 4 356 PravaSuni 12 5 311 PravaSuni 0 6 332 PravaSuni 2 7 315 PravaSuni 81 8 273 PravaSuni 95 9 597 PravaSuni 41 10 35 Telebani 89 11 64 Bandkhol 69 12 56 Bandkhol 46 13 209 Hadmunda 64 14 298 Hadmunda 19 15 797 Rengalbeda 150 16 115 Phulsamali 12 17 114 Phulsamali 7 18 118 Phulsamali 5 19 121 Phulsamali 179 20 122 Phulsamali 12 21 19 Phulsamali 78 22 20 Phulsamali 55 23 119 Phulsamali 236 24 120 Phulsamali 175 25 130 Phulsamali 22 26 131 Phulsamali 35 27 278 Pravasuni 132

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Area in Sqr. S.No. Survey No. Village Mtr. 28 40 Telebani 1546 29 787 Sirid 52 30 660 Sirid 46 31 662 Sirid 88 32 1439 Sirid 14 Total Sqmtr 3681 Hect. 0.3681 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Impact on Structures The impacts include effect on Temporary and semi-permanent structures. During survey it has been recorded that out of 131 private affected structures, 8 structures are owned/ occupied by the Schedule Tribe population. Details of affected structures are provided in the table 12.10 below. Table 12.10: Details of ST structures getting affected S.No. Structure No. Village Area in Square meter. 1 R/132/13 Rengalbeda 2 2 R/156/2 Purnagadha 6.3 3 R/171/4 Rengalbeda 15.58 4 R/171/llA Rengalbeda 3.2 5 L/156/1 Purnagadha 1.75 6 L/156/5 Purnagadha 4.6 7 L/171/3 Rengalbeda 180.78 8 L/185/3 Bhitarpada 2.44 Total 216.65 Source: Census & SES survey LBG Out of 8 affected structures belonging to ST category, 6 (75%) are encroachers and are built of temporary materials. Only two structures i.e. 25% are legal Title holders. These two structures are semi-permanent type construction. Since, there will be only partial impacts on these structures; these people can continue operating from their existing structures. The impact will not lead them being relocated elsewhere.

Table 12.11: Types of Impacted Structures

Status of Ownership S.No. Category of Structure Number Legal Title Hold Encroacher Squatter 1 Temporary 6 1 5 0 2 Semi-Permanent 2 1 1 0 3 Permanent 0 0 0 0 Total 8 2 6 0

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Source: Census & SES survey LBG

1.7 COMPENSATION AND R&R ASSISTANCES Compensation and R&R assistances shall be provided for the identified impacts on structures based on the Resettlement Policy Framework. Additional provisions made in the entitlement framework for the project are: The affected CPRs shall be relocated or restored in consultation with the community in compliance with the RPF. i) Additional/ new community facility(ies) will be provided in certain habitations along the project road as value addition to the project. Details of these community welfare facilities/works are given below:

i. Criteria: The criteria for selection and implementation of works would be as follows: i. Habitations which have high percentage (> 50%) of SC & ST population would be selected for providing community facility jworks; and; ii. Community works shall be those that strictly benefit the larger section of the village rather than an individual or a small group/section of individuals iii. The activity should not be already covered under some existing government scheme; iv. An indicative list of works are: 1. Provision of boundary wall for education and health facilities, community building, religious structure; 2. Provision of furniture for school and health facilities 3. Provision of shelter for bus stand; 4. Hand pumps or repair to hand pumps; 5. Repair of dug-well, other village community infrastructure; and 6. Platform for meeting place of village community or women 7. Repair works, leveling, etc. of internal paths ii. Process: In selected habitations implementation support agency shall hold consultations with community /villagers to ascertain the need and benefit of any community good. The villagers will decide as to what type of community facility is needed in their habitation unanimously. A resolution in this regard will be passed by the villagers following the official procedure which will then be submitted to the Project Authority. The resolution shall contain details i. on the nature and type of community work requested; ii. the likely benefit accrued; iii. an approximate number of persons who shall benefit from it; iv. consensus reached amongst the village community members on the activity; and v. Post Construction management measures by the community

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vi. finally a statement of proposed support and cooperation for the activity with signatures (or thumb-impressions) of the participants

The RAP Implementation Support Agency shall support in documentation of the minutes of the meeting and preparation of the resolution and forward the same to the RRO. The RRO will verify the activity and confirm that all pre­ set criteria for such works have been met. Upon approval of RRO and Sub­ project level agency, the RAP Implementation Support Agency shall prepare a micro-plan for submission to RRO who shall forward it to SPIU with appropriate justification. The SPIU shall forward the same for approval of MaRTH. MaRTH will review the micro plan that contains the following details: i. Planned community welfare work (s) ii. Location and population of the village, iii. Cost of the activity iv. Intended and likely benefit v. Procurement plan for materials vi. Likely duration for execution of the work(s) vii. Number of labor required viii. Details of Minutes of meeting and resolution passed by the village, ix. Design required, if any

iii. lmplementation:_Upon approval and sanction of the requisite amount by MaRTH, Sub-project level agency through RRO and RAP Implementation Support Agency will i. get the design prepared, in case it is required ii. hold consultations with the community /villagers with the design in presence of the RRO to ensure thqt modifications or changes suggested by the community/villagers are heard and incorporated. iii. The Project Authority will then issue a purchase order for purchase of necessary materials and goods iv. The RAP Implementation Support Agency shall periodically update the RRO on the progress of the works. v. Upon completion, it shall prepare a Work Completion Report with details of the activity - final actual cost, working condition of the community asset along with photographs;

vi. RRO shall visit the site for verification and ensure handing over of the asset to the community prior to approval of the report

vii. Upon verification by the RRO and handover of the community work, the RRO shall submit his report to SPIU and MaRTH

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Monitoring will be done by the Sub-project Agency while the evaluation of the community works shall be undertaken during the end-term evaluation by the agency contracted by MoRTH.

An amount for undertaking community works has been provisioned for in the budget (See Chapter 17) 1.8 Other Possible Impacts (Direct and Indirect) to Tribal Populations and Management/ Mitigation Measures Based on the consultations with the community along the project road, other direct and indirect impacts envisaged during construction are listed in table below. Preferential treatment of Tribal and other vulnerable groups has been recommended as part of mitigation measures. Phase Likely Direct Likely Indirect Likely Management/Mitigation Measures Impacts Impacts Project Demand for labor Frustration of • Advise the contractors about the criteria for Execution Local people not selecting workers, prioritizing the people in being included in the Project Area as long as they meet the the construction technical requirements. Give preference to the activities vulnerable especially the tribal population. • Inform the community in the Project Area about the job vacancies, identifying the number of available positions and the application requirements. This information will be given by the offices that will be opened for this purpose. Preference for Tribal and other vulnerable. • The executing agency or their contractors will train the local workers including tribal in the application of environmental, safety, and occupational health provisions, as well as in the knowledge and mandatory compliance of the Workers Code of Conduct Increase in the • Contractor to design and implement a expectations of Temporary Hiring Program for the local local population population that will anticipate the demand of and stakeholders. skilled and unskilled work force, the time the employment will last and the requirements the applicant will have to meet to be accepted. Needs of the Tribal population will have to be specially been addressed. • Inform local stakeholders, through local and regional communication media on the location of his offices where they may learn about job opportunities for laborers and the priorities that will be given to local workers. The Tribal welfare officer and the Implementation Support Agency may also be involved for increased participation and information

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Phase Likely Direct Likely Indirect Likely Management/Mitigation Measures Impacts Impacts dissemination. Migration to the • To decrease and control the flow of population project area in or people seeking employment in the Project order to seek area. employment • It must be made clear through the mass media that priority will be given to the people who live in the Project area and especially the vulnerable including ST. Generation of Increased level of • The PIU may consider mechanisms to allow jobs, as well as an income in the purchasing local products, as long as the local increased Project area market prices remain competitive and are not demand for affected by the company's interest. If there are goods and Stimulation of any material being sold by a Tribal trader he services (raw local economy may be given preference over others materials, • Offer training to local economic agencies for equipment rental, the development of small and micro food supply, enterprises. Training programmes with Tribals accommodations, may be organized. etc.) during Conflicts and • Implement a sales system to determine the construction of quarrels between best offer regarding competitive products and the road suppliers and services. contractors • The grievance redress committee shall have representation from Tribal Welfare Department. • In other words, implement a sales system designed to locate goods and services at competitive prices, good quality and in amounts required. The possible Interaction • Wide diffusion of the Project Workers Code of arrival of foreign between the · Conduct and the establishment of sanctions workers in the Project workers for offenders specially for tribal population area (Foreign and the women • All workers and subcontractors must be referring to from local subject to a Social Code of Conduct. workers who are populations • Documentation and diffusion of training and not educational programs residents /locals of the area) Risk of traffic Traffic accidents • Provide training for the project working force accidents caused by (contractors and subcontractors) on the dumping Security and Health Plan construction • Sensitization programme on safety issues for material on the end users and specifically for tribal site population. • Erect traffic signals in the critical areas of the Project during construction. • Provide informative talks for the local population on security measures to reduce risk of accidents. • Establish and inform drivers of the speed

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Phase Likely Direct Likely Indirect Likely Management/Mitigation Measures Impacts Impacts limits • Ensure that contractors and subcontractors implement measures to reduce or avoid potential accidents that may affect the population in the area and the Project workers themselves. • Provide speed breakers near habitations, schools and market places etc of tribal population • Hire and train security personnel devoted exclusively to preventing accidents in the access road and controlling the speed of the vehicles transporting construction material. 1.9 Disclosure Consultation and Participation Information Disclosure: The Right to Information Act, 2005 provides for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, the constitution of a Central Information Commission and State Information Commissions and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The process for obtaining information and details of designated officials is posted on the MoRTH and Project website The Resettlement Policy Framework and Draft Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) had been disclosed on MoRTH website as well at the World Bank Infoshop/Public Information Centre. Feedback if any, would be incorporated into the final RAP document, following which the final RAP will be re-disclosed. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned Panchayat Offices/ Urban Local Bodies, District Collector Offices, Block development Offices, District Public Relations Offices (at the state and district levels), Project office, and any other relevant offices, etc. The Resettlement Policy Framework, Executive Summary of the SIA and RAP will be placed in vernacular language - Oriya in the District Collector's Office. As presented, the project does have some minor negative impacts to tribal populations, which are easily manageable. The tribal have extended their support to the project given that the potential negative impacts and risks are properly mitigated or managed, as outlined in this chapter. It is also highly recommended that the tribal are regularly consulted at different stages of project implementation. All communication and information dissemination in the project area shall be done in the culturally appropriate way. 1.10 Implementation Arrangements The service of RAP and TDP Implementation Agency will be required for 2 years during implement of RAP. It is recommended to give 10% weightage to the RAP and TDP Implementation Agency native to the region for implementation of RAP at the time of hiring. The weightage mechanism has been further elaborated in the TOR for hiring

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RAP and TDP Implementation Agency. In case the RAP and TDP Implementation Agency that is selected happens to be from outside the region, it would be ensured to include representation from the project area in the team of field professionals. This is to ensure that the RAP and TDP Implementation Agency is sensitive to the socio cultural profile and practices of the project area, particularly scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. 1.11 Monitoring and Evaluation Internal monitoring will involve the following: • Administrative monitoring to ensure that implementation is on schedule and problems are dealt with on a timely basis. • Socio-economic monitoring during and after the relocation process to ensure that people are settled and recovering. This will utilize the baseline information established by the socio-economic survey of PAPs undertaken during sub-project preparation. • Overall monitoring whether recovery has taken place successfully and on time. • Data from baseline socio-economic surveys undertaken during sub-project preparation will provide the benchmark for monitoring to assess the progress and success of RAP implementation. Monitoring will also include the following: • Communication with and documentation of reactions from PAPs. • Information from PAPs on entitlements, options, alternative developments, etc. • Valuation of properties. • Usages of grievance redress mechanism. • Disbursement of compensation amounts and all assistance. • Physical progress of the RAP and TDP implementation which will include relocation of PAPs and affected community properties Internal Monitoring Indicators The indicators for achievement of objectives during RAP implementation are of two kinds: • Process Indicators: Indicating project inputs, expenditure, staff deployment, etc. • Output Indicators: Indicating results in terms of numbers of PAPs compensated, area of temporarily occupied lands restored with number of PAPs provided with skills training, etc.

Parameters Indicators Physical Total number of tribal PAHs and PAPs affected by project upon verification by contracted implementation agency Number of structures acquired by type of structures and by Village Number of privatelyowned structures affected b_y_!ypology_ of structure by village Number of common property resources affected by village

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Parameters Indicators Number of tribal populated villages covered under IDP for community works Number of community works/facilities proposed and constructed/repaired for tribal populated villages Financial Number of PAPs paid R&R Assistances( disaggregated by gender and quarter) (compensation/ Amount of assistance paid for structures by vill~e establishment) Date of transfer of assistance amounts into accounts by_type of assistance Total amount spent on Implementation agencies b_ysalaries and field expenses Total amount spent towards Training and capac!ty_ buildin_& Total amount spent towards cost of contracting RAP & TDP agency Total amount spent towards cost of contracting Monitoring agency Amount of compensation paid for relocation for communityI government structures Amounts proposed in micro plans and actually spent for each tribal populated village towards community works Rates for compensation of structures by type of structure as fixed by DLC Cost of relocation of CPRs by type of CPR Rehabilitation/ Number of PAPs by skill type Income Number of vulnerable PAPs by skill type Restoration Number and type of income restoration options offered and accepted by PAPs Number and type of income generation options accepted by female PAPs Number of total PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type) Approximate number of Tribals benefitted by communi_!y_ works Processes Date of I cards issued Date of distribution of information leaflets Date of Micro Plan Approval Number of PAPs who have opened bank accounts Number of meetings and FGDs held with communities by purpose - R&R, HIV j Aids, community works etc. Dates of disbursement of R&R assistance Type of issues raised, discussion points of each meeting and FGD Number of participants in such meetings by category (general and vulnerable) Number of FGDs held with female PAPs by village Number of meetings held for relocation of CPRs Institutional Date of Constitution of GRC and Implementation SU££Ort Ag_ency Number of government agencies involved Number of other agencies involved such as RAP & TDP Implementation Agency or specialized technical training organizations, income restoration activities, monitoring and evaluation Number offemales working with RAP & TOP Implementation Agency, Evaluation a)!encv Number of grievances received by type (oral and recorded) Number of GRC meetings Number of grievances resolved

External Impact Monitoring and Evaluation a. It will be carried out one year after the end of RAP and TDP implementation:

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• Assess whether PAPs have improved living standards, in terms of income, housing, access to basic amenities, ownership of land and material assets; • Monitor schedules and achievement of targets; and evaluate whether social development objectives of the project are achieved. In addition, one year after the conclusion of RAP and TOP implementation the agency will carry out a study to document the following: (i) restoration of income levels; (ii) changes and shifts in occupation patterns; (iii) changes in PAP type of housing and asset ownership; (iv) assessment of PAPs access to amenities, such as water, electricity, and transportation; and (v) performance of the NGO, and PCU in resettlement implementation. 1.12 Budget In addition to R&R implementation cost, an amount for undertaking community works has been provisioned for in the budget (See Resettlement Action Plan)

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