DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Mechanics Based Study on Atomic and Molecular Orbitals of Cobaltocene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Mechanics Based Study on Atomic and Molecular Orbitals of Cobaltocene id1313906 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com IISenpnteomobrrerg g200aa7 nniicc Volume 2 Issue 3 CCHHEEMMAn IIISnSdiTTan RRJouYYrnal Trade Science Inc. Full Paper ICAIJ, 2(3), 2007 [139-144] Synthesis And Investigation Of The Properties Of L-Tris (Parabenzylidene amino phenyl) Phosphite And Its Metal Carbonyl Derivatives Akbar Raissi Shabari1, Joseph J.Pesek2*, Fariba Raissi Shabari2, Mohamad Mahdavi1 1Teacher Training University of Tehran, Faculty of Chemistry, (IRAN) 2San Jose State University, Chemistry Department, San Jose, CA 95192 (U.S.A.) E-mail : [email protected] Received: 6th February, 2007 ; Accepted: 11th February, 2007 ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The synthesis and investigation of the properties of the Schiff base tris(para- Carbonyl stability; benzylideneaminophenyl)phosphite as well as the preparation in solution at Chiral synthesis catalyst; atmospheric pressure(under N ) of this compounds as a ligand (L) with some Spectroscopic 2 metal carbonyls(mononuclear) having the general formula shown below are characterization. described. M(CO) L ,M=Ni(0),n=4,x=1,2, M=Fe(0),n=5,x=1, M=Cr(0), n-x x n=6, x=1 L=(C H -CH=N-C H -O) P. Elemental analysis as well as infrared, 6 5 6 4 3 ultraviolet-visible and NMR spectroscopic data are also presented. 2007 Trade Science Inc. -INDIA INTRODUCTION important role in organometallic as well as coordina- tion chemistry in general[2,3]. Of particular importance The preparation of L-tris(parabenzylidenea is that phosphite ligands as part of a metal complex minophenyl) phosphate involving the reaction of have been shown to have interesting chiral proper- parabenzylidene aminophenol with PCl proceeds in ties[4,5] and have been used as effective catalysts in 3 refluxing 1,2-C H Cl or toluene with the final prod- enantioselective synthetic processes[6,7]. 2 4 2 uct depending on the reaction conditions[1]. During Ligands having electron-donating substituents the reaction evolution of chlorine occurred and a yel- are normally strong donors. Therefore, tertiary phos- low product was obtained. This new compound was phine donates more strongly than tertiary phosphite postulated to be a potential substitute in the fabrica- to a metal, (electron effect and estimation of cone tion of certain types of rubbers, plastics and in par- angle)[8]. Coordination of the ligand to the metal, ticular, polyvinylchloride. Therefore this new synthetic usually increases the electron density of the central moiety, L=(C H -CH=N-C H -O) P, has the poten- metal atom, if only electron donation is considered. 6 5 6 4 3 tial to be used in many practical applications as a re- This observation apparently contradicts the electrone placement for a variety of materials[2,3] that are cur- utrality principal of atoms in molecules when ligands rently in use. Another notable feature of this particu- coordinate to the electron-rich low valent metals. lar compound as a ligand is the stability of the carbon Typical examples are metal carbonyls in which the monoxide-metal bond. Such ligands could play an metal atom is frequently zero-valent. 140 Properties of tris phosphite and its metal carbonyl derivatives ICAIJ, 2(3) September 2007 Full Paper When CO coordinates to a metal by its -HOMO to be 1,2 dichloroethane with the presence of a ter- at carbon, filled metal d orbitals of the transition tiary base (pyridine). Therefore, 8.8g (44.7mmol) of metal will also overlap with the low lying -LUMO parabenzylidineaminophenol was dissolved in 60mL of CO to give -back-bonding interaction. This ef- of 1,2-dichloroethane and 3.6mL of pyridine was fect implies that CO not only donates two electrons added to the solution. The mixture was transferred to by coordination, but also receives two electrons from a 3-necked flask and 1.3ml of PCl (14.9mmol) was 3 the metal at the same time, thus stabilizing the M-CO added dropwise to the solution. The reaction was ini- bonds and weakening the CO triple bond. In the tiated under nitrogen at 55C and then was refluxed case of phosphine compounds the * and 3d orbitals at 90-950C for 1hr. The mixture was then cooled to are mixed[8]. Therefore it is the mixture of orbitals room temperature, filtered and the residue was washed which is the electron receiver. On the other hand, in several times thoroughly with water leading to the iso- phosphite compounds, * orbitals of aryl groups par- lation of the pyridinium salt. There was no tertiary ticipate in receiving electron pairs from the nonbonding base hydrolyses of the >C=N- group[3,5,6]. orbital of the central metal[8]. The long-range electronic 3(C H -CH=N-C H -OH)+PCl +3C H N (C H - 6 5 6 4 3 5 5 6 5 effects of phosphite ligands in certain metal complexes CH=N-C H O) P+3(C H -NH+Cl-) 6 4 3 5 5 have already been documented[9]. The solvent was taken off in vacuum and the residue was dissolved in a minimum amount of 1,2- EXPERIMENTAL diclroethane; then n-pentane was added dropwise to it. Tris(parabenzylideneaminophenyl) phosphite was Preparation of parabenzylidineaminophenol the yellow product that was obtained. The final yield 26g(0.13mole) of paraaminophenol was added to was 85%. The new compound started to become oily HCl(11mL, 36%, 0.13mole). The mixture was stirred at a temperature of about 40-450C and at a tempera- vigorously in an atmosphere of nitrogen at 250C for ture of about 60-630C became a clear liquid. The 30mins, until a homogenous solution was obtained[3,5]. infrared spectrum of this compound in KBr is shown Then, 19g of NaOOC-CH ·3H O(0.135mole) was in TABLE 1. 3 2 dissolved in 100mL of distilled water; this aqueous The NMR spectrum for the aromatic hydrogens solution of acetate was slowly added to the above (C-H) and the hydrogen in the >C=N-H moiety is mixture. The solution was then stirred vigorously at shown in figure 1. Analysis: Calculated for tris (para room temperature resulting in a yellow viscous pre- benzylideneaminophenyl) phosphite) C, 75.59%; H, cipitate that was filtered and collected. 4.85%; N, 6.70%. (Found: C, 75.51%; H, 5.1%; N, 6.65%) (1) HCL 36% C6H5 CH O+H2N-C6H4 OH (2) NaCH3COO.3H2O Synthesis of tris (parabenzylideneaminophenyl) C6H5 CH N-C6H4 OH phosphitetriscarbonyl Ni(0)[3,5,6] The residue was dissolved in a minimum amount 1.85g of(C H -CH=N-C H O) P(3mmol) was dis- 6 5 6 4 3 of absolute ethanol, and then distilled. Water was solved in 30ml of 1,2-diclroethane and 0.14ml of Ni added dropwise. A yellow brown residue was precipi- (CO) (3mmole) was added to the solution. The mix- 4 tated (parabenzylidine-aminophenol) and was washed ture then was stirred in an atmosphere of nitrogen on filter paper with methanol. The solid was dried and refluxed for 4hr. The mixture was cooled to room under vacuum(m.p 1780C, yield 75%). The spectrum temperature and filtered. The solution was removed of this compound contained a sharp peak at 1660cm- under vacuum and the residue was redissolved in tolu- 1 showing the presence of the >C=N group, and a ene for extraction of the ligand. The solution was then -1 showing the existence of an broad peak at 3000cm TABLE 1 OH group. Stretching Imine >C=N- 1622(cm-1) Synthesis of tris(parabenzyliden aminophenyl) frequency phosphite Aromatic C-H 3081(cm-1) Aromatic C=C 1500 (cm-1) The best solvent for this synthesis was determined Aromatic P-O-C 1185,1100,950(cm-1) Inorganic CHEAMn IIndSiaTn JRournYal ICAIJ, 2(3) September 2007 Joseph J.Pesek et al. 141 Full Paper Figure 1: The 60MHz proton NMR spectrum of tris Figure 2: The 60MHz proton NMR spectrum of tris (parabenzylideneaminophenyl) phosphite (parabenzylaminophenyl) phosphite tricarbonyl Ni(0) filtered under vacuum until a yellow precipitate was precipitate was dissolved in a minimum amount of obtained. This product became oily at about a tem- chloroform. In the latter solution, ethyl ether was perature of 45-500C and at temperature of 65-70C added dropwise to 50% of the volume of CHCl . 3 became a liquid. The infrared spectrum of this com- Excess ligand remained in the solvent mixture and pound in KBr showed two bands in the carbonyl re- the residue was separated and isolated from the so- gion; one relatively strong(E) at 2010cm-1 and other lution. This product became a clear liquid at a tem- of medium intensity(A ) and sharp band at 2085cm-1. perature of 45-500C. 1 The IR spectrum of Ni(CO) contains one strong The infrared spectrum of this compound in KBr 4 sharp[7,8,9] band(T ) at 2038cm-1. The NMR spectrum showed two bands in the carbonyl region. The new 2 of this compound is shown in figure 2. Anal: The cal- compound, L Ni(CO) , has CO stretching frequen- 2 2 culated composition for the proposed new compound cies in KBr at (A ) 2040 cm-1 and (B ) 1985cm-1. The 1 2 is C, 66.20%; H, 3.94%; N, 5.50%; mol.wt: 765. NMR spectrum for this complex is shown in figure (Found: C, 66.35%; H, 4.20%; N, 5.60%) 3. Analysis: Calculated for this new compound is C, Synthesis of bis tris(parabenzylideneamino 70.95%; H, 4.43%; N, 6.20%. (Found: C, 71.15%; H, 4.45%; N, 6.10%) phenyl)phosphitedicarbonyl Ni(0)[3,5,6] 0.761g of the complex tris(parabenzylideneamino Synthesis of tris(parabenzylideneaminophenyl) [3,5,6] phenyl) phosphitetriscarbonyl Ni(0), (1 mmol) was dis- phosphite tetracarbonyl Fe(0) solved in 40ml of chloroform and 0.619g of the new 0.42ml.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States Patent Office Patented Apr
    3,803,252 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 9, 1974 1. 2 3,803,252 in which R is as hereinbefore defined and Y represents PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CAROTENOD COMPOUNDS a hydrogen atom or a retinyl radical. This formula may Pierre Chabardes, Lyon, and Marc Julia, Paris, France, represent sterically pure products, or mixtures of differ assignors to Rhone-Poulenc S.A., Paris, France ent isomers. 5 The unsubstituted sulphones used as starting mate No Drawing. Filed May 17, 1972, Ser. No. 254,103 rials have the Formula I in which Y represents a hy Claims priority, applicitFrance, May 19, 1971, drogen atom; they are called herein retinyl-Sulphones. Int, C. C07c9 13/00 They can be prepared by known methods for the prep U.S. C. 260-666 C 9 Claims aration of sulphones. A particularly advantageous method O consists of reacting an alkali metal sulphinate of the formula RSOM, in which R represents alkyl, aryl, alkyl ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE aryl or aralkyl, preferably phenyl or tolyl, and M rep Caroteine compounds e.g. g-caroteine, are prepared by resents an alkali metal, with retinol or a retinol ester reacting a sulphone Ret-SO-R, in which Ret repre of an inorganic or organic acid, such as retinyl chloride sents retinyl or substituted retinyl and R represents a 15 or bromide, or retinyl formate or acetate. They can also hydrocarbon radical, in the presence of an alkaline be prepared by reacting a sulphinic acid RSOH with reagent with an ester Ret-X, in which X represents an retinol, it being possible to form this acid in situ, if re acid residue, and then desulphonating the product, for quired, from a metal sulphinate in an acid medium.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 4,311,652 Abramson Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 4,311,652 Abramson et al. 45 Jan. 19, 1982 54 ARBUZOV REACTIONS EMPLOYING AN 56) References Cited ALEPHATIC SOLVENT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,483,279 12/1969 Davis et al. ......................... 260/969 75 Inventors: Alan Abramson, White Plains; 3,699,193 10/1972 Melton ..... ... 260/969 Edward D. Weil, 3,776,984 12/1973 Ratts ................................... 260/969 Hastings-on-Hudson, both of N.Y. Primary Examinter-Anton H. Sutto Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Vivienne T. White 73 Assignee: Stauffer Chemical Company, 57 ABSTRACT Westport, Conn. An improved process for phosphite rearrangement wherein the phosphite is rearranged to the phospho nate. The improvement comprises conducting the phos 21 Appl. No.: 154,170 phite rearrangement reaction in an aliphatic solvent which is miscible with the reactants at reaction temper atures, and immiscible with the product at lower tem 22 Filed: May 28, 1980 peratures. Increased yields of the phosphonate product are obtained without the need for additional distillation 51 int. Cl. ................................................ C07F 9/40 for solvent separation. 52 U.S. C. ................ ... 260/969; 260/990 58 Field of Search ................................ 260/969, 990 12 Claims, No Drawings 4,311,652 3 4. The advantage of conducting the rearrangement in a process for rearranging tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite. solvent were found to be a more easily controlled exo The invention is directed to phosphite rearrangements, therm due to the heating and reflux of the solvent which wherein the novel process comprises conducting the removes the heat of reaction, and inhibiting the degra rearrangement process in an essentially aliphatic Solvent dation of the phosphonate product produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthetic, Sterochemical, and Electronic Studies of Organophosphorous Ligands and Their Transition Metal Complexes James Timothy Spencer Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1984 Synthetic, sterochemical, and electronic studies of organophosphorous ligands and their transition metal complexes James Timothy Spencer Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Spencer, James Timothy, "Synthetic, sterochemical, and electronic studies of organophosphorous ligands and their transition metal complexes " (1984). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7727. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7727 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of 4-Phosphono Β-Lactams and Related Azaheterocyclic Phosphonates
    SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHOSPHONO β-LACTAMS AND RELATED AZAHETEROCYCLIC PHOSPHONATES IR . KRISTOF MOONEN To Elza Vercauteren Promotor: Prof. dr. ir. C. Stevens Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Group SynBioC Members of the Examination Committee: Prof. dr. ir. N. De Pauw (Chairman) Prof. dr. J. Marchand-Brynaert Prof. dr. A. Haemers Prof. dr. S. Van Calenbergh Prof. dr. ir. E. Vandamme Prof. dr. ir. R. Verhé Prof. dr. ir. N. De Kimpe Dean: Prof. dr. ir. H. Van Langenhove Rector: Prof. dr. P. Van Cauwenberge IR . KRISTOF MOONEN SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHOSPHONO β-LACTAMS AND RELATED AZAHETEROCYCLIC PHOSPHONATES Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences: Chemistry Dutch translation of the title: Synthese van 4-fosfono-β-lactamen en aanverwante azaheterocyclische fosfonaten ISBN-Number: 90-5989-129-5 The author and the promotor give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. Woord Vooraf Toen ik op een hete dag in de voorbije zomer dit woord vooraf schreef, stond ik voor één van de laatste horden te nemen in de weg naar het “doctoraat”. Het ideale moment voor een nostalgische terugblik op een zeer fijne periode, hoewel het onzinnig zou zijn te beweren dat alles rozegeur en maneschijn was. En op het einde van de rit komt dan ook het moment waarop je eindelijk een aantal mensen kunt bedanken, omwille van sterk uiteenlopende redenen.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo Diol Phosphite Esters and Polymeric Compositions Thereof
    ^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ II ^ II ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I ^ European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets EP 0 785 209 A1 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt ci * C07F 9/6574, C08K 5/527 23.07.1997 Bulletin 1997/30 (21) Application number: 97300269.4 (22) Date of filing: 17.01.1997 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Gray, Carloss L. DE ES FR GB IT NL P.O. Box 843, Belpre, Ohio 45714-0843 (US) (30) Priority: 22.01.1996 US 589832 (74) Representative: Szary, Anne Catherine, Dr. et al London Patent Operation, (71) Applicant: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY GE International, Inc., Schenectady, NY 12345 (US) Essex House, 12-13 Essex Street (72) Inventors: London WC2R 3AA (GB) • Prabhu, Vaikunth S. Vienna, West Virginia 26105 (US) (54) Neo diol phosphite esters and polymeric compositions thereof (57) A phosphite and stabilized themoplastic composition comprising the phosphite where the phosphite has the formula: In the above compound, R7 and R8 are preferably alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, most preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group. R9 is preferably alkyl of 1 to 1 2 carbon atoms, m is from 0 to 5. The dicumyl group includes the OX groups which are the phosphite portion. The OX group is hindered by only one alkylaryl group at the ortho position with the other ortho position being occupied by hydrogen. X has the following formula: —r'-^C—C C— O ^c— o (Rsk C p- !/C p- *2 2 C— O (R5)r-CZ2-^c^ O) o (R5)/(R5)2' CM or lO 00 wherein R2 is independently selected from the consisting of alkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Is- group groups z-, and z2 can be 0 or 1.
    [Show full text]
  • OJC Vol 31(Special
    ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY ISSN: 0970-020 X CODEN: OJCHEG An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal 2015, Vol. 31, (Spl Edn): Month : Oct. www.orientjchem.org Pg. 01-12 Aminomethylenephosphonic Acids Syntheses and Applications (A Review) DIDIER VILLEMIN1 and MOHAMED AMINE DIDI2* 1Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, Labex EMC3, ENSICAEN, 14050 Caen, France. 2Laboratory of Separation and Purification Technology, Tlemcen University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry,Box 119, Algeria. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] (Received: March 25, 2015; Accepted: May 10, 2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/31.Special-Issue1.01 ABSTRACT A review. In this paper, were reviewed the aminomethylenephosphonic acids which have several synthesis routes and many applications as separation of metals and rare earth by solvant extraction, N-C-P in medicinal chemistry, pesticides/herbicides and water-decontamination systems, organometallic complexes: MOF, gas absorption, proton conductivity and Magnetic shielding tensors / aminotris(methylenephosphonates). Key words: Aminomethylphosphonic; solvent extraction; chelate; rare earth metals; pesticides; herbicides. INTRODUCTION O O H H N C N P Aminophosphonic acid can be an OH OH attractive molecule because it can be used in a OH large range of field. The aim of this report is amino acid aminophosphonic acid to summarize synthesis methods of Fig. 1: Similarity between amino acids aminomethylphosphonic acids and their and aminophosphonic acids applications. Most important characteristic of these This similarity gives to aminomethyl- compounds is their N-C-P molecular fragment that phosphonic acid biological applications in broadly defines them as analogues of amino acids, healthcare and agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 72, No. 191/Wednesday, October 3, 2007
    Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 191 / Wednesday, October 3, 2007 / Notices 56347 B. Tips for Preparing Your Comments. under review and the receipt of notices comment, EPA recommends that you When submitting comments, remember of commencement to manufacture those include your name and other contact to: chemicals. This status report, which information in the body of your • Identify the subject by docket covers the period from August 3, 2007 comment and with any disk or CD ROM number and other identifying to September 7, 2007, consists of the you submit. If EPA cannot read your information (subject heading, Federal PMNs and TMEs, both pending or comment due to technical difficulties Register date and page number). expired, and the notices of and cannot contact you for clarification, • Follow directions—The agency may commencement to manufacture a new EPA may not be able to consider your ask you to respond to specific questions chemical that the Agency has received comment. Electronic files should avoid or organize comments by referencing a under TSCA section 5 during this time the use of special characters, any form Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part period. of encryption, and be free of any defects or section number. DATES: Comments identified by the or viruses. For additional information • Explain why you agree or disagree; specific PMN number or TME number, about EPA’s public docket, visit the EPA suggest alternatives and substitute must be received on or before November Docket Center homepage at http:// language for your requested changes. 2, 2007. www.epa.gov/epahome/dockets.htm. • Docket: All documents in the docket Describe any assumptions and ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, provide any technical information and/ identified by docket identification (ID) are listed in the docket’s index available or data that you used.
    [Show full text]
  • NMR Studies of Phosphorus Ligand Complexes of Silver and Cobalt Steven Mark Socol Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1983 NMR studies of phosphorus ligand complexes of silver and cobalt Steven Mark Socol Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Socol, Steven Mark, "NMR studies of phosphorus ligand complexes of silver and cobalt " (1983). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8962. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8962 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications
    materials Review Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications Sophie Wendels †, Thiebault Chavez †, Martin Bonnet, Khalifah A. Salmeia * and Sabyasachi Gaan * Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (M.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.A.S.); [email protected] (S.G.); Tel.: +41-587-657-038 (K.A.S.); +41-587-657-611 (S.G.) † These two authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 13 May 2017; Accepted: 4 July 2017; Published: 11 July 2017 Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010) in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis–Arbuzov, Friedels–Crafts and Grignard reactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Phenol
    Allen, NS and Edge, M and Liauw, CM and Hoang, E (2018) Role of phenol and phosphite antioxidant combinations in the thermal stabilisation of met- allocene LLDPE (mLLDPE): Optimisation and performance and influence of metal stearates on multiple extrusions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 152. pp. 208-217. ISSN 0141-3910 Downloaded from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620710/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.04.032 Usage rights: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Deriva- tive Works 4.0 Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk Role of Phenol and Phosphite Antioxidant Combinations in the Thermal Stabilisation of Metallocene LLDPE (mLLDPE): Optimisation and Performance and Influence of Metal Stearates on Multiple Extrusions Norman S. Allen1, Michele Edge1 and Christopher M. Liauw1 1Division of Chemistry, School of Science and the Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK Eric Hoang2 2Element Ltd., 6 Coronet Way, Centenary Park, Salford, M50 1RE, UK Eusebio Fontan3 3Repsol Campus, Calle Mendez Alvaro 44, 28045 Madrid, Espana Key Words: Antioxidants, phenolics, phosphites, polyethylene, melt flow index, Multiple extrusion, oxidation, stabilisation Authors Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected], Co Authors: [email protected], [email protected] 1. ABSTRACT This study progresses our earlier studies and takes the performance characteristics of a 1:1 Irganox 1010: Irgafos 168 combination at 1000ppm each through multiple extrusion processes in a metallocene LLDPE (mLLDPE) investigating for the first time the role of a broad range of calcium and zinc stearates based on animal vs vegetable origins of the stearine function.
    [Show full text]
  • Khdiar2018.Pdf
    Detection, Assessment, and Management of Phytophthora species in an Urban Forest by Mohammed Y. Khdiar (MSc) This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia 2018 I Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution Mohammed Y. Khdiar July 2018 II Abstract Urban forests contribute to human well-being and environmental health and function, and this role will increase as urbanization continues to grow. Due to anthropogenic activities, urban forests are considered a suitable starting point for invasive pathogens. Members of the genus Phytophthora are important pathogens involved in tree and forest declines worldwide. To date, there are approximately 160 formally described Phytophthora species, with 50% of these species described in the last decade. There are many factors contributing to these recent descriptions, including introductions from the nursery trade, increased studies in forests and natural environments, and an increase in the number of Phytophthora scientists globally. Improved molecular tools to detect and identify Phytophthora species (as like other genera of the oomycetes) has also had a profound effect on the increased number of species that have recently been described. Within urban forests, trees are under considerable stress from polluting agents, mechanical damage, and other human activities and are often in sub-optimum health and are thus more vulnerable to pathogens such as Phytophthora. Two hundred and thirty-six soil and root sites were sampled from declining native Australian trees in 91 parks and nature reserves in the City of Joondalup, Perth Western Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,323,302 B1 Sasaki Et Al
    USOO63233O2B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,323,302 B1 Sasaki et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 27, 2001 (54) CARBONIC ACID DIESTER, AROMATIC 5,276,129 1/1994 Sakashita et al. ................... 528/198 POLYCARBONATE AND FACILITIES, AND 5,399.659 3/1995 Kiihling et al. ...................... 528/199 PREPARATION THEREOF 5,444,148 8/1995 Alewelt et al. 5,455,324 10/1995 Nukui et al.. (75) Inventors: Katsushi Sasaki; Wataru Funakoshi; 5,466,775 11/1995 Kanno et al. ........................ 528/199 Toru Sawaki, Masumi Hirata; 5,495,038 2/1996 Buysch et al. ....................... 558/274 Hiroaki Kaneko, Masanori Abe; 5,516,878 5/1996 Sasaki et al. Masasi Simonaru; Hidemi Takemoto; 5,519,106 5/1996 Nukui et al. ......................... 528/199 Jyuhou Matsuo; Yoshiki Matsuoka, 5,525,701 6/1996 Tominari et al. .................... 528/198 all of Yamaguchi (JP) 5,527,875 6/1996 Yokoyama et al. 5,548,041 8/1996 Yamato et al. ........................ 526/62 (73) Assignee: Teijin Limited, Osaka (JP) 5,578,694 11/1996 Yokoyama et al. 5,717.057 2/1998 Sakashita et al. ................... 528/196 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,739,258 4/1998 Zaby et al. ........................... 528/198 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,929,192 7/1999 Miyauli et al.. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (21) Appl. No.: 09/445,824 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (22) PCT Filed: Apr. 22, 1999 O 400 7329 1/1992 (EP). (86) PCT No.: PCT/JP99/02141 (List continued on next page.) S371 Date: Dec.
    [Show full text]