Advance Seamless Handover Technique in Lte Network: a Review

Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016

ADVANCE SEAMLESS HANDOVER TECHNIQUE IN LTE NETWORK: A REVIEW

Prabhdeep Singh1* and Neelam2

*Corresponding Author: Prabhdeep Singh,  [email protected]

The rapid improvement of the mobile generations was for the purpose of supporting as many mobile devices as possible that could benefit the users at anytime and anywhere in terms of common practical applications such as internet access, video-on-demand, video conferencing system and many more applications. Wireless communication is facing the fastest revolutionary changes in technology. The control plane 4G speeds are meant to exceed that of 3G. Current 3G speeds have an upper cap at 14 Mbps downlink and 5.8Mbps uplink. If we achieve the speed of up to 100 Mbps for a moving user and 1 Gbps for stationary user is reached, it is classified as 4G technology. Seamless roaming and mobility management are the foremost challenges before heterogeneous 4G wireless networks. The 4G communication is aimed at making the user to freely, seamlessly roam across various networks and to provide connectivity to any wired or wireless systems. We propose the GPA method to be developed on the three layered platform to provide a simple architecture which performs both type of handovers considering wider range of factors for decision making

Keywords: Generic algorithm, Quantitative decision, Vertical handover, Fourth generation

INTRODUCTION TYPES OF HANDOVER In the terms of mobility, the network ensures a 1. Horizontal handover: To switch from one seamless connection for example in case of coverage zone to another the user uses fourth generation wireless networks. Handover same access technology. is a term which is most popular in cellular communication which means when a user 2. Vertical handover: To switch from one continues with its call when he/she switches coverage zone to another the user uses from one coverage zone to another. different access technologies.

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, RPIIIT, Bastara, Karnal. 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, RPIIT, Bastara, Haryana, Karnal, Bastara.

45 Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016

Three phases of handover process: is always considered critical. Different 1. Handover information gathering – All the schemes such as fuzzy logic, neural network information is collected which is required and neuro-fuzzy systems are sought to resolve for the handover process to take place VHO algorithms problems. An adaptive fuzzy based vertical handover algorithm using fuzzy 2. Handover decision – In the decision part logic system was proffered in deciding the we are using the algorithm. handover, where the hysteresis values of RSS 3. Handover execution – It is used to change traffic load and user speed were taken into the channels with respect to the details account . The VHO decision mechanism required during decision phase. considered only the RSS as the input parameter. RSS and service type were Figure 1: Vertical Handover combined to optimize the VHO decision Vs Horizontal Handover mechanism as spelt out in. Consequently, the fuzzy logic system was considered when selecting cells while the RSS threshold for the VHO decision remain unperturbed, thereby aggravating the effect of Ping-Pong. In a multi- criteria decision-making algorithm that depends on fuzzy theory for access network selection was suggested. However, only the theoretical aspects of the network mobility were highlighted. A neuro-fuzzy predictor was co-opted in predicting RSS in LTE-Advanced and WLAN networks. As a result of fuzzy To have seamless communication between predictor, fuzzy inference mechanism was the heterogenous wireless networks vertical proposed to decide whether it is possible to handover is used as it supports multiple handover conforming to fuzzy decision features: algorithm. Additionally, the complex nature of • Access technology changed in case of the system needs to be resolved prior to its vertical handover. wider utilization. A novel Fuzzy logic VHO algorithm scheme using differential prediction • It supports number of parameters. and pre-decision methods was employed to • Network interface is changed excite a VHO trigger in. The target network selection is achieved using a normalized • Different IP are used quantitative decision value and not RELATED WORK considering the enumerative fuzzy rule base .However, for the differential prediction part, it In order to make possible a seamless access could not be so precise because of in multi-access wireless networks, designing degradation. Thus, BW and RSS have fallen an efficient vertical handover (VHO) algorithm

46 Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016 short as inputs to the system for possible VHO TLMA provides support for user specific decision. The theory of generic prediction handover which is not provided by TCP. It could be implemented to determine the next facilitates TCP rather than changing it. The RSS values under a lognormal fading difficulties of location management are environment. reduced. Figure 4 shows the architecture of In the other hand we also consider a another TLMA. techniques for vertical handover.All the • M. Gopu, Dr. Ritesh Khanna presents three available wireless technologies have handover layer architecture to provide seamless mechanism for horizontal hand off. To provide roaming and user specific handoff without vertical hand off different solutions are altering the current implementations. proposed. In TCP/IP protocol suite • It also avoids the need for new entities. implementation of MSOCKS or TCP-migrate provides vertical handoff. But these methods • The first layer is a management agent and require changes in existing TCP .Most of the the next is information transfer. mobility solutions are mobile IP based. To • The final layer behaves as link agent. support seamless mobility IPV4 or IPV6 • Management agent controls and shares the requires additional entities in the network. Also messages among different access IP based methods cannot provide users networks. Information agent handles data specific handovers. Mobility from one terminal streams. to the other needs support of higher level layers. Network layer should rely on session • Link agent gathers details about the layer for resolving these issues. SLM Session connected links and provides status layer based mobility management solution updates. provides a architecture to handle vertical hand Figure 2: TLMA Architecture over. SLM uses user location server (ULS) in the network .It does not have facilities to use the latest mobile independent handover (MIH) mechanism provide by wireless LAN technologies. Session initiation protocol (SIP) is the other method provides mobility based on location updates. But it still has interoperability issues. It also requires proxy servers and registrars.

PROPOSED WORK The proposed TLMA architecture mainly utilizes the intelligence of end user mobiles for • The proposed TLMA architecture mainly its frame work. This ensures the use of existing utilizes the intelligence of end user mobiles TCP implementations without any change. for its framework. This ensures the use of

47 Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016

existing TCP implementation without any them. The methodology which combines the change. work done by A.M. Miyim and Gopu & Khanna • A.M. Miyim et. al,in an effort to reduce the is explained as under: data loss probability, proposed the Generic • We here present a modification of work Prediction Algorithm (GPA), which adopted done by A.M. Miyim , who created a generic specimens of received signal strength prediction algorithm to predict the RSS (RSS) as augment to compute the value. predictive received signal strength. • The three layer architecture created in , Received signal strength(RSS), bandwidth presents a very simplified way to carry on (BW), and service cost (SC) were three the handover. The scheme provides method QoS metrics considered as input parameters for Quantitative Decision to perform both user specific handover as Algorithm (QDA) of the divergent networks. well as automatic handover. Automatic handover initiation occurs when the user • The comparison of values of QDA of the moves away from the excising access networks was made to improve the vertical network. In the other way the user handover decision. purposefully can force a handoff according • A result of simulation showed that the to his preferences. algorithm proposed produced a better • The method adopted by Gopu and Khana network performance in terms of link works only according to the RSS value but reliability. The algorithm(GPQDA) the proposed technique covers other comprised of Grey (GP) prediction factors like bandwidth and service cost to technique and Fuzzy decision system (FDS). decide the handover. • The technique was used to predict the RSSI • The concept framed above by combining and PoA to monitor the inputs of fuzzy the three layered architecture proposed by decision system as essential steps in Gopu and Khana and the research work predicting the target network for a handover. by Miyim is implemented using MATLAB Thus, FDS computed the RSSI of individual 2009. The three layers perform their networks and compared with the handover functionality in exactly the same way but the threshold values to make the decision for factors considered for handover are not handover. limited to RSS value. Seamless roaming and mobility can be We propose the handover technique to be provided by utilizing the intelligence of the developed on the three layered platform to network or the sophisticated end equipment provide a simple architecture which performs i.e. user mobiles. By this, we can ensure use both type of handovers considering wider of existing TCP implementations without using range of factors for decision making.

48 Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016

Figure 3: Proposed GPA-Based Quantitative Decision Algorithm (GPQDA)

This proposed approach is the decision d covers for the LTE-A networks, the WLAN makin stage of the GPQDA. It is built on a (WiMAX & Wi-Fi) are being covered by APs method that evolves the effect of hysteresis to and having one mobile user (UE) roaming. A reduce the delayed handover. The proposed phenomenon known as the Manhattan corner prediction algorithm comprises of network effect based on non-line-of-sight transmission QoSmonitoring, which decides the possibility scheme, influences a UE on turning a street of handover triggering and network selection comer to drop 20-30 dB received signal level to choose the appropriate access network. Figure 1 illustrates the flow chart of the Herein, consideration is given to a proposed GPQDA. heterogeneous network consisting of three B. Simulation Result overlayed networks. The results of the proposed algorithm While two radio base stations (RBSs), (GPAVHO) for the number of HO under RBS1 and RBS2, standing apart by a distance different conditions are presented here in

49 Int. J. Elec&Elecn.Eng&Telcomm. 2016 Prabhdeep Singh and Neelam, 2016

Figure 5. Three values of RSSI (LTE, WiMAX with the ones recorded by the other two VHO. and Wi-Fi) of the mobile station are being This was as a result of the dynamism of the monitored for duration of 360 seconds weights of themultitude metrics as well as the simulation time. The proposed algorithm (GP- precision of the new proposed GPA prediction. VHO) in Figure 6 is compared with two other It is therefore worth mentioning, that the GPA- known schemes: basic fuzzy logic VHO (BF- VHO is hardly affected by the UE velocity, as VHO) and that of differential prediction VHO the proposed algorithm is able to predict (DPVHO) where less number of handovers handover at high mobility in fast fading was recorded in the GP-VHO when compared environment.

Figure 4: RSSI of WiMAX, LTE and WiFi ( = 1 to 360 s)

Figure 5: Average Number of Handover Vs. Velocity

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CONCLUSION 4. Ferdinand Christopher A and Jeya kumar As the cell size decreases for achieving higher M K (2014), “Vertical Handoff and capacity in a cellular network, devising suitable Admission Control Strategy in 4G handoff algorithms to reduce both mean Wireless Network Using Centrality Graph number of handoff and handoff delay is Theory”, Journal of Applied Sciences, pp. motivated. However, minimizing both of these 4763-4774. parameters, by means of traditional handoff 5. Gopu M and Ritesh Khanna (2012), algorithms based on averaging interval, “Integrated Three Layer Mobile simultaneously seems impossible. Here we Architecture for seamless Roaming and showed that applying powerful grey prediction User specific handoff in 4G networks”, technique proposed in the literature helps to International Journal of Scientific and minimize both the mean number of handoffs Research Publications, Vol. 2, No. 7. and handoff delay. This fact causes the communication society to pay special 6. Gopu M and Ritesh Khanna (2012), attention to grey prediction theory for the “Multicarrier Modulation with OFDM for application of handoff algorithm in fourth 4G Networks”, International Journal of generation mobile systems. Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 2, No. 6. REFERENCES 7. Hasen Nicanfar, Javad Hajipour, Farshid 1. Alzubi M, Amr A and Anan M (2010), “An Agharebparast, Peyman Talebi Fard, Efficient Handover Technique for 4G Victor C M Leung (2013), “Privacy- Networks”, 2010 Fourth International Preserving Handover Mechanism in 4G”, Conference on Next Generation Mobile IEEE Conference on Communications Applications, Services and Technologies, and Network Security, pp. 373-374. pp. 79-83. 8. Jeng-Yueng Chen, Yi-Ting Mai and Chun- 2. Arun Kumar, Suman and Renu (2013), Chuan Yang, “Handover Enhancement in “Comparision of 3G Wireless Networks LTE-Advanced Relay Networks”, 2012 and 4GWireless Networks”, International International Symposium on Computer, Journal of Electronics and Communication Consumer and Control, pp. 224-227, Engineering, ISSN 0974-2166, Vol. 6, IEEE. November, pp. 1-8. 9. Miyim A M, Mahamod Ismail, Rosdia dee 3. Chan-Kyu Han and Hyoung-Kee Choi Nordin and Gita Mahardhika (2013), (2014), “Security Analysis of Handover “Generic Vertical Handover Prediction Key Management in 4G LTE/SAE Algorithm for 4G Wireless Networks”, pp. Networks”, IEEE Transactions on 307-312 IEEE 2013. Mobile Computing, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 10. Mzoughi Houda, Faouzi Zarai, 457-468. Mohammad S. Obaidat and Lotfi Kamoun

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(2014), “Optimizing Handover Decision Benefits and Challenges”, IJMIE, Vol. 2, and Target Selection in LTE-A Network- No. 6. based on MIH Protocol”, Ad-hoc and 13. Qian-Bin Chen, Wei-Guang Zhou, Rong Sensor Networking Symposium, Chai, Lun Tang and Ya-Lai Zhao (2010), pp. 299-304. “A Non cooperative Game-Theoretic 11. Neila Krichene and Noureddine Boudriga Vertical Handoff in 4G Heterogeneous (2009), “Securing Roaming and Vertical Wireless Networks”, IEEE. Handover in Fourth Generation 14. Vetrivelan P and Narayanasamy P Networks”, 2009 Third International (2012), “SMIRT with Call Admission Conference on Network and System Control (CAC) Based Vertical Handover Security, IEEE, pp. 225-231. Decision for Seamless Mobility in Multi- 12. Pushpendra Kr. Verma and Jayant Access 4G Heterogeneous Wireless Shekhar (2012), “4G Wireless Networks: Overlay Networks”, IMECS, Vol. 1.