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Canadian Environmentalists

Canadian Environmentalists 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Michael Bailey charge of Belleville Green Check, which conducted Currently: Bevan-Baker currently serves as the leader energy audits on area homes. He played a role in op of Prince Edward Island’s Green Party. He is the first Currently: Director of Operations, The Climate - posing a coal-fired power plant at Point Aconi, Cape person to win a seat for the Green Party in the PEI legis (theclimatesummit.org), and Producer/Director at - Breton. Bennett also headed the national Climate Action Planetviews Productions, based in Honolulu, Hawaii. lature, having been elected in May 2015. He previously Network. He served as Communications Director for the ran for election 10 times, federally and provincially. Career: Bailey is a graduate of Al Gore’s The Climate Green Party of and has worked closely with Career: Earned his Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree Project training program and is currently an authorized party leader . from the University of Glasgow. After an unsuccessful presenter for the program. In addition to his documen- Contact: Friends of the Earth Canada, #200, 251 Bank run for office in the 2001 federal election, Bevan-Baker tary film work, Bailey was an official observer at the In- St., , ON K2P 1X3; Phone: (613) 241-0085; Fax: worked with Liberal MP Joe Jordan to write the Canada ternational Whaling Commission and has been involved (613) 566-3449; e-mail: [email protected]; Well-Being Measurement Bill, which sought to establish in anti-whaling and dolphin protection initiatives, as well URL: foecanada.org the Genuine Progress Index, measuring the health of as other environmental and wildlife conservation pro- people, communities & eco-systems. It is considered to grams. He supervised the original Rainbow Warrior, be one of the greenest pieces of legislation to reach the flagship of . Tzeporah Berman Born February 5, 1969, in , ON. floor of the House of Commons. In 2012 he led a coali- Contact: Planetviews International, #100-147, 758 tion of Islanders against the Plan B project, which aimed Kapahulu Ave., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 96816; Phone: Currently: Berman, an active and controversial figure in to reroute part of the Trans Canada Highway through a (415) 484-8343; Fax: (808) 733-7808; e-mail: conserva- the Canadian environmentalist movement, currently portion of the ancient Acadian Forest. [email protected]; URL: planetviews.org functions in a strategic advisory capacity for numerous environmental, First Nations, and philanthropic organi- Contact: PO Box 2000, Charlottetown, PE C1A 7N8; Phone: (902) 620-3977; e-mail: psbevanbaker@assem- Maude Barlow zations engaged in clean energy and issues related to oilsands and pipelines. She is also an Adjunct Professor bly.pe.ca; URL: thirdpartypei.ca; greenparty.pe.ca. Born May 24, 1947. in York University’s Faculty of Environmental Studies. In Currently: Chair of Food and Water Watch, based in 2015 she was appointed to the BC Government Climate David B. Brooks Washington, DC; a member of the executive of the Inter- Leadership Team in order to help BC meet its climate Born in the U.S.; immigrated to Canada in 1970. national Forum on Globalization, located in San Fran- targets. Berman has also served as a designer for pro - Career: In addition to degrees in Geology from MIT cisco; and a councillor of the World Future Council, motional campaigns for Greenpeace International, for (B.Sc. 1955) and the California Institute of Technology based in Hamburg, . the Volkswagen campaign in Europe, and for the Clean (M.Sc. 1956), Dr. Brooks holds a Ph.D. in Economics Our Cloud campaign, the latter of which pushed Apple Career: Barlow served as Senior Advisor on Water to from the University of Colorado (1963). Dr. Brooks is the and to adopt renewable energy resources to the 63rd President of the United Nations General As- Founding President, a past President (1996-97), and a power their data centres. sembly, 2008-2009. She is the co-founder of the Blue Director of Research for Friends of the Earth Canada. Planet Project, a global initiative with a focus on secur- Career: Berman’s earliest activity as an environmental He is a past Acting Director for Environment and Natural ing the right to water, and sustainable solutions to the organizer began in the early 1990s, during the Resources Management at the International Develop- water crisis. She is also the former Chairperson of The anti-logging protests; her role as a ment Research Centre (IDRC), headquartered in Ot- Council of , a citizens’ advocacy group with central figure in organizing and promoting the demon- tawa, the Founding Director of the Office of Energy chapters across the country. strations led to the then-Premier labeling her “an enemy Conservation at Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, Books: Barlow has authored or co-authored numerous of the state”—and to her arrest under 857 counts of and a member of the International Water Academy, as books and reports, including the bestseller, Blue Cove- criminal aiding and abetting. After shifting her efforts well as serving as an Associate for the International In- nant: The Global Water Crisis, and Boiling Point: Gov- from forestry to , Berman was named by stitute of ’s Natural and Social ernment Neglect, Corporate Abuse, and Canada’s the Premier of to the Green Energy Ad- Capital program. His research, interdisciplinary in ap- Water Crisis (2016). Her most recent book is Whose visory Task Force in 2009. Berman has founded and proach, has focused on ways to reduce the dependence Water is it Anyway? Taking water protection into public served in senior positions with a number of Canadian on minerals, water and energy in economic production hands (2019). and international environmental organizations, acting as and other areas, while slowing or avoiding environmen- Co-Director at Greenpeace International’s Global Cli- tal degradation. Dr. Brooks has a particular interest in Awards: Recipient of fourteen honourary doctorates mate and Energy Program; as Executive Director and water soft paths, a method or system which targets cur- from Canadian universities, most recently from Mount Co-Founder at PowerUp Canada, which targeted key rent water use practices to foster conservation and effi- Saint Vincent University in Halifax, in 2016. Barlow was federal ridings in an effort to mobilize voters around cli- ciency (rather than a supply side or demand also granted the 2005 Right Livelihood Award, the Cita- mate change; and as Co-founder and Campaign Direc- perspective) as the foundation for a long-term, tion of Lifetime Achievement at the 2008 Canadian Envi- tor of ForestEthics, a group that informs consumers sustainable strategy for managing water as a critical ronment Awards, and the 2009 Earth Day Canada about the environmentally harmful business practices of resource. He is a noted author and conference speaker. Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award. She is large corporate suppliers. featured in Sam Bozzo’s documentary film Blue Gold: Awards: Recipient of an honourary doctorate in envi- World Water Wars, and is the subject of both the Na- Awards: Recipient of the 2015 YWCA Women of Dis- ronmental studies from the University of Waterloo. - tional Film Board’s documentary Democracy à la Maude tinction Award in British Columbia. In 2013, Berman re Books: Author of: Zero Energy Growth for Canada: Wa- (1998) and a CBC TV Life and Times biography, “Im- ceived an honourary doctorate from the University of ter-Local Level Management (IDRC’s in-focus series); Corporate Knights movable Maude: The Life and Times of Maude Barlow” British Columbia and was selected by co-author of: Watershed: The Role of Fresh Water in the (2001). magazine as one of the Top Women in Sustainability. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict; co-editor of Making the Most Berman was also a featured interview subject in the of the Water we Have: The Soft Path Approach to Water Contact: Food and Water Watch, 1616 P Street NW The 11th Hour - 2007 environmental film , narrated by Leo Management (2009). Washington, DC, USA 20036; Phone: (202) 683-2500; nardo DiCaprio. She has been included in an exhibit at Toll-Free: (855) 340-8083; e-mail: [email protected]; the BC Royal Museum that celebrates 150 central Contact: [email protected] URL: www.foodandwaterwatch.org. figures in British Columbia history. Books: This Crazy Time: Living Our Environmental Silver Donald Cameron John Bennett Change (2011). Born June 21, 1973, in , ON. Currently: Senior Policy Advisor, Friends of the Earth. Contact: URL: tzeporahberman.com; : twit- Career: Completed his B.A. from the University of Brit- Career: Bennett served as executive director at Sierra ter.com/Tzeporah ish Columbia in 1960, his M.A. from the University of Club Canada from 2007-2015, and in various capacities California, Berkeley in 1962, and his Ph.D. from the Uni- since 1998. While a student at the University of Toronto, Peter Bevan-Baker versity of London in 1967. Cameron became an English professor at the University of New Brunswick in 1968. In he was instrumental in establishing the Toronto office of Born June 3, 1962, in Aberdeen, Scotland; immigrated Greenpeace. After working as a newspaper reporter for 1971 he became a full time writer, and has since written to Canada in 1985. ten years, Bennett returned to Greenpeace in 1989, and 18 books, a stage play and over 50 radio dramas. He also worked with Pollution Probe. In 1994, he was in has previously served as the Writer-in-Residence at the

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-1 Canadian Environmentalists

Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, the University of environmental documentaries: Be the Change (2008), Political Career: NDP member for Port Prince Edward Island, and the University College of Powerful: Energy for Everyone (2010) and Bike City, Moody—Coquitlam (formerly New Westmin- Cape Breton. Cameron has taught at Cape Breton Uni- Great City (2013). ster—Coquitlam) in the House of Commons from versity, Dalhousie University and the University of British Political Career: In 2003, Chernushenko was the 2009-2019. Donnelly served as NDP Critic for Fisheries Columbia. Currently, he is a host and executive pro- Green Party candidate in the general election and Oceans, and introduced legislation to ban oil tank- ducer at TheGreenInterview.com, an environmental for the riding of Ottawa South, but was not elected. He ers from the Northern BC coast, as well as legislation to website that hosts conversations between environmen- has run for federal office in Ottawa twice, in 2004 and make BC fish farms closed-containment. He was tal activists. Cameron also wrote and narrated 2 docu- 2006, also for the Green Party, but was unsuccessful re-elected in the same riding in the 2011 and 2015 elec- Bhutan: The Pursuit of Gross mentaries for the site: both times. In 2006 Chernushenko ran for leader of the tions. He did not seek re-election in 2019. National Happiness (2010) and Salmon Wars: Salmon , ultimately losing to current Career: Educated at the University of Victoria. Donnelly Farms, Wild Fish and the Future of Communities (2012). leader Elizabeth May. He served as deputy leader of the is the founder of the Rivershed Society of BC. The orga- He is also the writer and narrator of the GreenRights party until 2007. In 2010 Chernushenko was successful nization promotes sustainable life choices to citizens of multi-media project, which seeks to raise awareness of in his bid to become a city councillor in Capital Ward in the Fraser River Basin. The initiative was born out of environmental rights. the Ottawa municipal election, and was re-elected in Donnelly’s marathon swim across the Fraser River, Books: Cameron has authored and co-authored 19 2014. He was the chair of the city’s Environment Com- which was meant to raise awareness about environmen- books, most notably The Education of Everett Richard- mittee, and served on the Transportation Committee, the tal impacts on rivers. He has since swum 3,200 km of son (1977), The Prophet at Tantramar (1988), Wind, Finance and Economic Development Committee BC rivers & lakes. From 2002-2009, Donnelly was a city Whales and Whisky (1991), The Living Beach (1998), (FEDCO), the Board of Health and the Ottawa Commu- councillor for Coquitlam. Sailing Away From Winter (2007), Warrior Lawyers nity Lands Development Corporation. Contact: Facebook: www.facebook.com/fin.donnelly; (2016), and Blood in the Water (2020). Books: Greening our Games: Running Sports Events Twitter: twitter.com/FinDonnelly Awards: Literary awards include the Evelyn Richardson and Facilities that Won’t Cost the Earth (1994); co-au- Award, the Atlantic Provinces Booksellers Award, and thor: Sustainable Sport Management: Running an Envi- Linda Duncan the City of Dartmouth Book Award. His television pro- ronmentally, Socially and Economically Responsible Born June 25, 1949, in Edmonton, AB. gram Peggy was named Best Short Film at the Cana- Organization (2001). dian Film Celebration and the Moonsnail Awards, and Political Career: NDP member for Edmonton Contact: URL: davidc.ca; Twitter: twit- Strathcona at the House of Commons from 2008-2019. was nominated for a Gemini. He is the recipient of ter.com/chernushenko honourary doctorates from the University of Kings Col- At the time of her election, she became the only lege and Cape Breton University. He received the Order non-Conservative MP in Alberta. Duncan served as of Canada and the Order of Nova Scotia in 2012. Severn Cullis-Suzuki NDP Critic for the Environment, Northern Development, Born November 30, 1979, in , BC., Aboriginal Affairs, Public Works and Government Ser- Contact: #103, 287 Lacewood Dr., Halifax, NS B3M Cullis-Suzuki is the daughter of geneticist and environ- vices, Western Economic Diversification and Transport. 1Y7; Phone: (902) 227-5245; URL: mental advocate Dr. David Suzuki and Dr. Tara Cullis. She was re-elected in the same riding in the 2011 and www.silverdonaldcameron.ca 2015 elections. She did not seek re-election in 2019. Currently: An environmental activist, author, speaker and presenter serving on Board of Directors for the Career: Educated at the University of Alberta, and at Born in 1952, in Vancouver, BC Haida Gwaii Higher Education Society & the David Dalhousie University. Before entering politics, Duncan was best known for establishing Alberta’s Environmental Currently: City Councillor in Vancouver. Suzuki Foundation, as well as the council of the Earth Charter Initiative. She is also host of the APTN series Law Centre in 1982. The Centre has a mandate to pro- Career: Earned a master’s degree in urban geography Samaqan - Water Stories, which describes water issues vide public programs, research services and other ser- from the University of British Columbia in 1980. Carr for the First Nations. vices for a fee, with the aim of promoting effective taught for 12 years at Langara College in Vancouver, environmental laws and policies, and public participation served on the Langara Faculty Association Board, and Career: Completed her B.Sc. in Ecology and Evolution- in the law-making and decision-making process. In served as Chair of the Department of Interdisciplinary ary Biology at Yale University, 2002, and a Masters de- 1987, Duncan spent a year with Environment Canada, Studies for several years. In 1989, she joined the execu- gree in Ethnobotany at the University of Victoria. and later worked as the assistant Deputy Minister for tive of the Western Canada Wilderness Committee – a Cullis-Suzuki began her career as co-host of Suzuki’s Renewable Resources in the Yukon territorial govern- group founded by her husband, Paul George. Nature Quest, which aired on the Discovery Channel in ment. Her main focus has been the development and 2002. The same year, she helped found The Skyfish implementation of enforcement guidelines and mecha- Political Career: In 1983, she co-founded the BC Project, an Internet-based think tank which in 2002 pre- Green Party (the first Green Party in North America), nisms. Duncan has served on the Edmonton Social sented their Recognition of Responsibility pledge to the Planning Council, Alberta’s Clean Air Strategic Alliance, and co-founded the Green Party of Vancouver in 1984. World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johan- She led the BC Green Party from 2000-2006, and in and was a member of the board of the Sierra Legal De- nesburg, . The group disbanded in 2004. fence Fund (now Ecojustice) for several years. Before 2006 co-chaired the successful campaign to elect Eliza- While still in elementary school, Cullis-Suzuki estab- beth May as Leader of the Green Party of Canada. She her service as a politician, Duncan authored books in lished the Environmental Children’s Organization (ECO), the field of environmental law, including Effective Envi- served as May’s Deputy Leader from 2006-2014. Carr a children’s group which focused on learning and teach- ran in the 2008 and 2011 federal elections, but lost both ronmental Enforcement (1997) and Enforcing ing young people about environmental issues. The Environmental Law (1990). times. group made a presentation to the 1992 Earth Summit in Contact: City Hall, 453 West 12th Ave., 3rd Fl., Vancou- Rio de Janeiro, and Cullis-Suzuki’s speech to the dele- Awards: 1989 YWCA Award of Merit; lifetime member- ver, BC V5Y 1V4; Phone: (604) 873-7245; Fax: (604) gation earned her high praise. She continues to be a ship in the Preservation of Agricultural Land Association; 873-7750; Email: [email protected]; Twitter: twit- Champion for the initiative. In 1993, she was named to 1998 Award of Merit from the U.S. Environmental Pro- ter.com/AdrianeCarr. the United Nations Environment Program’s Global 500 tection Agency; 2004 Emerald Environmental Award. Roll of Honor for her efforts. The same year, her book Contact: Twitter: twitter.com/LindaDuncanAB David Chernushenko Tell the World, an environmental guide for families, was Born in Calgary, AB published by Doubleday; more recently, Cullis-Suzuki Stewart Elgie Currently: A politician, writer and environmental activist. has published several books in and was a co-edi- tor and contributor for Notes from Canada’s Young Ac- Currently: Associate Director, Institute of the Environ- Career: Received his B.A. in political science from tivists (2007). Currently her initiatives include: “I’m Only ment, University of Ottawa; Associate Professor, Faculty Queen’s University and his M.A. from Cambridge Uni- a Child, but...” video series; Samaqan: Water Stories of Law, University of Ottawa. versity in International Relations. Chernushenko has television show; the Earth Charter initiative; and others. served as a member on several Canadian and interna- Career: Educated at Duke University, the University of Western Ontario, Harvard University (LL.M.), and Yale tional environmental committees, including the Interna- Contact: c/o Speakers’ Spotlight, #302, 179 John St., University (J.S.D.), Prof. Elgie’s current research fo- tional Olympic Committee’s commission on Sport and Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1X4; Phone: 1-800-333-4453; cuses on the economics of environmental protection. the Environment, from 1998 to 2004, and Canada’s Na- URL: severncullissuzuki.com; Facebook: Elgie is a former part-time instructor at Osgoode Hall tional Round Table on the Environment and the Econ- www.facebook.com/SevernCullisSuzuki; Law School and at the law faculties of the University of omy, from 2006 to 2009. He is co-founder of the charity Twitter: twitter.com/SevernSuzuki Alberta and the University of British Columbia. He is a Clean Air Champions, which partners with athletes to member of the Bars of Ontario, British Columbia and raise awareness about air pollution, climate change and Fin Donnelly Alaska. Professor Elgie is the founder of Canada’s larg- the benefits of physical activity. He has directed three Born May 27, 1966, in New Westminster, BC.

E-2 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Environmentalists est non-profit environmental law organization, Ecojustice Career: Galdikas was awarded a dual degree (B.Sc. mate-gate” and global warming-related issues on (formerly the Sierra Legal Defence Fund); Ecojustice Psychology, B.Sc. Zoology) jointly from the University of DeSmogBlog. He is also a certified NationBuilder Expert possesses a mandate to set legal precedents and to British Colombia and the University of California, Los and was named one of the top 50 tweeters on climate 2020 Up-Date Environmental represent environmental organizations and concerned Angeles, in 1967. She proceeded to receive an M.A. change and environmental issues. individuals in the battle to preserve the Earth. The firm and a Ph.D. in anthropology from UCLA in 1969 and Contact: Phone: (778) 878-6606, Email: works at the grassroots level and will take on cases at 1978, respectively. Initially sponsored by the National [email protected], URL: spakemedia.com, Twit- any level of the courts. Ecojustice frequently partners Geographic Society and supported by influential ter: twitter.com/kgrandia, Facebook: with other advocacy groups and has worked with The primatologist Louis Leakey, Galdikas afterwards trav- www.facebook.com/spakemedia David Suzuki Foundation, Greenpeace Canada, The elled to Borneo, where she commenced her pioneering World Wildlife Fund of Canada and The Pembina Insti- work in the first-hand study of wild orangutans. She tute, among others. Elgie is also the founding Executive founded the Orangutan Foundation International in Steven Guilbeault Director of the Canadian Boreal Trust and a past Chair 1986. Since, Galdikas has become an advocate for the Born 1970 in La Tuque, QC. of Canada’s National Advisory Committee under the preservation of natural ecosystems and rainforest habi- Currently: MP for the riding of Laurier—Sainte-Marie in NAFTA environmental side agreement. He is the tats, speaking out against the destructive effects of log- the House of Commons; Minister of Canadian Heritage. founder and Chair of Sustainable Prosperity, a research ging, industrial plantations, mining, and human-caused and policy network at the University of Ottawa, fires. Today, Galdikas is a Full Professor in the Depart- Career: Guilbeault is a past Coordinator for Greenpeace dedicated to practical solutions and strategies for ment of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University in Brit- Canada’s climate and energy campaign and has served building a productive yet environmentally sustainable ish Columbia and Professor Extraordinaire at in the same capacity for Greenpeace International. Canadian economy. Universitas Nasional in Jakarta, , from where Within , Guilbeault served as president for the she still carries out studies at the Tanjung Putting Quebec Coalition for Climate Change and as vice-presi- Awards: Medal for exceptional lifetime contributions, National Park. dent of the Conseil regional de l’environnement de awarded by the Law Society of Upper Canada in 2001. Montréal. He has been actively involved in United Na- Awards: In 1995, Galdikas was appointed an Officer of Contact: c/o Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, #353, tions initiatives and meetings on climate change, and the Order of Canada. Her other awards include Indone 57 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5; Phone: - co-chaired the Climate Action Network for five years. He sia’s Hero for the Earth Award (Kalpataru), the Tyler (613) 562-5800, Ext. 2525; Fax (613) 562-5124, e-mail: was co-founder and senior director of Équiterre, and has Prize for Environmental Achievement, the Institute of [email protected]; URL: llmphd.uottawa.ca been a contributor to media outlets such as Métro, Ra- Human Origins Science Award, the PETA Humanitarian dio-Canada, La Presse and Corporate Knights Award, the United Nations Global 500 Award, the Sierra Magazine. Thomas Esakin Club Chico Mendes Award, the Eddie Bauer Hero for Books: Le Prochain Virage (avec François Tanguay); Currently: Principal at Sustainability Change Solutions the Earth award, the Chevron Conservation Award, the Alerte! Le Québec à l’heure des changements (scs-canada.com), a private consulting firm based in To- Pride of Lithuania Award, the Gold Medal for Conserva- climatiques (2009). ronto; Director-General of Sustainability Change Solu- tion from the Chester Zoological Society, the Explorer tions de México; professor and Academic Co-ordinator and Leadership Award from the Royal Geographic Soci- Awards: Impératif français award, 2016; Université de in the G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Educa- ety of Spain, Indonesia’s Satya Lencana Pembangunan Montréal’s Medal for Lifetime Achievement, 2012; Qué- tion at Ryerson University’s Sustainability program. Medal, and both the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative bec Cercle des Phénix de l’environnement, 2009; and Jubilee medals. She also received the key to the ’s Le Monde magazine named Guilbeault one of Career: Educated at Simon Fraser University, with a city of Las Vegas, Nevada in 2009. Featured twice on the top 50 newsmakers in global sustainable develop- Bachelor’s degree in Political Science and Philosophy; the cover of National Geographic and regularly in an as- ment. the University of ; and at Staffordshire sortment of television documentaries, Galdikas was also University, achieving a Master’s degree in Sustainable the principal focus of the 2011 documentary Born to be Contact: Steven Guilbeault, MP for Laurier—Sainte-Ma- Development. Esakin is a former professor at Mexico’s Wild 3D, narrated by Morgan Freeman. rie, House of Commons, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6; Phone: Universidad del Caribe, located in Cancun, where he (613) 992-6779; Fax: (613) 995-8461; e-mail: Ste- taught in the Sustainable Tourism department and in the Books: Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orang- [email protected]; URL: English department. He is a past Executive Director of utans of Borneo (1996); Orangutan Odyssey (1999); stevenguilbeault.libparl.ca. JUMP Math, the inaugural Director of the Clayoquot Bio- and Great Ape Odyssey (2005). sphere Trust, and Executive Director of the Canadian In- Contact: Phone: (778) 782-3225; Fax: (778) 782-5666; Toby Heaps stitute for Environmental Law and Policy (CIELAP) prior e-mail: [email protected]; URL: orang- to its integration with environmental resource library of Currently: Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of utan.org; biruteinfo.weebly.com; Twitter: twit- Corporate Knights. Launched in 2002, and dubbed “the CELA. CIELAP was a not-for-profit environmental think ter.com/drbirute tank with a mandate to provide solutions-based re- magazine for clean capitalism,” Corporate Knights is search, education, and guidance to policy makers in now the world’s largest circulation magazine with a fo- government, business, and academia. Esakin has Kevin Grandia cus on responsible corporate practices and social and served as a policy advisor on sustainable development Currently: Founder and President of Spake Media environmental sustainability. Heaps makes regular ap- to the Canadian government and most recently de- House Inc., an online hub that promotes non-profit and pearances on the CBC and continues to provide com- signed and taught Toronto’s George Brown College’s advocacy groups through online communications, mentary to national publications such as The Globe and first Sustainability course. Esakin has written with partic- emails, online advertising and web marketing. Mail, Financial Times and the Wall Street Journal. He ular focus on the areas of sustainable development sits on the Sustainability Accounting Standards Advisory Career: Educated in Psychology as Simon Fraser Uni- leadership and strategies, local agenda development Board, the University of Toronto’s Environment and versity before beginning at the Department of Foreign and benchmarking, and educating for sustainability, Finance Committee, and is a director at Ashoka Affairs and International Trade of Canada. From there, cultivating a persistent research interest in the Canada. Grandia worked for the Premier of British Columbia and sustainable development of Mexico. was trained by Al Gore as part of The Climate Project, Career: Educated at McGill University, with a Bachelor’s Publications: Author of e-book México and Sustainable an initiative designed to produce informed climate degree in Economics, and at the London School of Eco- Development: Ideas founded in youth (2008); numerous change activists. From 2006-08, Grandia maintained nomics and Political Science. book chapters, reports, case studies and poems. DeSmogBlog.com for the Hoggan & Associates public Contact: c/o Corporate Knights, #207, 147 Spadina Contact: URL: www.thomasesakin.com relations firm, debunking personalities and organizations Ave., Toronto, ON M5V 2L7; Phone: (416) 203-4674; that dismiss or suppress empirical data on climate Fax: (416) 946-1770; e-mail: inqui- change, and in 2008 he co-founded Vote for Environ- [email protected]; URL: Biruté Galdikas ment, a new online election tool that was nominated for www.corporateknights.ca Born May 10, 1946, in Wiesbaden, Germany; grew up in a World Summit Award for best e-Content and innova- Toronto, Canada. tive ICT applications. In 2010, he moved to Washington, Kathryn Holloway D.C. to work as the Director of Online Strategy for Currently: Galdikas is a conservationist and Born October 18, 1968, in Montréal, QC. primatologist internationally recognized as a key figure Greenpeace, USA. In 2012, Grandia founded Spake Currently: A journalist, consultant, businesswoman and in primatology and as an academic authority on the Media House Inc., a public relations firm that provides political activist. Bornean orangutan. She is founder and President of the special service to organizations in the nonprofit sector. Orangutan Foundation International. Awards: In 2013, Rolling Stone Magazine named him a Political Career: Was a campaign organizer for the On- “Green Hero” for his digital campaign blogs against “cli- tario Liberal Party, working with candidate Han Dong

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-3 Canadian Environmentalists who ran in the Trinity—Spadina constituency in 2014. 67 Erb St. West, Waterloo, ON N2L 6C2; Phone: (226) UK. Kerr became the Executive Director of Greenpeace Was a candidate for the Liberal Party in the Trin- 772-3092, URL: www.homerdixon.com. Canada in 2013. Previously she had been Chief Execu- ity—Spadina constituency in the 2007 Ontario general tive at ActionAid International in South Africa, a charity election, finishing second to the NDP incumbent Rosario Emily Hunter whose main goal is to wipe out world poverty. She was Marchese. Holloway was also a staff organizer for the Born May 20, 1984, in Vancouver, BC. also a policy director at Oxfam Canada, and the Execu- Green Party of Canada, 2004 to 2005, and later sup- tive Eirector of the Association of Women’s Rights in De- ported Elizabeth May in the race for the leadership of Currently: Hunter is an environmental activist, having velopment. She was the The Executive Director of the Party. She joined the Liberal Party in late 2006. taken part in the Canadian Youth Climate Coalition, Greenpeace Canada from 2013-2018. Kerr has also EarthRoots and the Greenpeace Tar Sands project. She Career: Educated at the University of Toronto, Holloway served as a board member for several organizations, in- is currently an environmental speaker, writer, and film- cluding Gender at Work, The Nobel Women’s Initiative has been involved in a number of environmental organi- maker. She is founder of Eco-Warrior Productions, a zations and initiatives, including the Steering Committee and the Society for International Development and he media company that promotes environmental issues. In Match International Women’s Fund. of Green Enterprise Toronto (a member of the BALLE 2014 they released the documentary series Activism network), the Civic Efficiency Group, the United Nations 2.0, which focuses on environmentalists who use digital Books: Ours by Right: Women’s Rights As Human Environment Programme Sustainable Energy Finance technology in order to further their causes. Rights (1993); co-author of: The Future of Women’s Roundtable, and the United Nations Climate Change Rights: Global Visions and Strategies (2004) and De- Conference. She is a founding member of the Toronto Career: Hunter began her career at age 20, joining a manding Dignity: Women confronting Economic Re- Women’s Environmental Alliance and BALLE Canada campaign started by the Sea Shepherd Conservation forms in Africa (2000). (Business Alliance for Local Living Economies). Hollo- Society to protect the Galapagos Marine Reserve. She Contact: c/o MakeWay, 400-163 W Hastings St., Van- way is a co-founder of Village Technologies, a To also took part in an effort to stop whaling in Japan for - couver, BC V6B 1H5; Phone: (604) 647-6611; URL: ronto-based renewable energy firm, and a past the same organization. It was with the Sea Shepherd makeway.org; Twitter: twitter.com/joannadkerr; LinkedIn: President and CEO of Carbonzero. Holloway was the Conservation Society that she was featured on the real- ca.linkedin.com/in/joanna-kerr-bb011b71 Executive Director of Element Village, a not-for-profit or- ity show Whale Wars. She was previously a national ganization with a focus on supporting energy demand campaigner for the 350.org group, and for United Con- reduction initiatives at a grassroots level. Element Vil- servationists to raise awareness about various environ- Naomi Klein lage worked with neighbourhoods, cooperatives and mental issues. She has also served as the Born May 8, 1970, in Montréal, QC. eco-correspondent for MTV Canada, and as a media larger communities to promote renewable energy, alter- Currently: Klein is a bestselling and internationally re- strategist for the Toronto Tool Library. natives to the use of fossil fuels, food security programs, nowned public intellectual known for her books and jour- and similar projects. She was Vice-President of Books: The Next Eco-Warriors (2011). nalism on feminism, anti-capitalism, and the Corporate Development at SusGlobal Energy from Contact: Facebook: www.facebook.com/Ecohuntress; anti-globalization movement. She is also a Senior Corre- 2016-2019. The Intercept Twitter: twitter.com/ecohuntress; LinkedIn: spondent for , as well as a contributor to The Nation, , The New Yorker, The Contact: LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/holloway ca.linkedin.com/in/ecohuntress Boston Globe, , The London Review of Books, and Le Monde. Thomas Homer-Dixon Mark Jaccard Born 1956 in Victoria, BC. Career: Klein attended the University of Toronto but Currently: Professor at the School of Resource and En- dropped out before completing her degree, leaving to Currently: Professor, Faculty of Environment, University vironmental Management at Simon Fraser University. pursue internships at The Globe and Mail and at This of Waterloo; Chair of Global Systems, Centre for Inter- Magazine. In 2013, Time Magazine named Klein’s first national Governance & Innovation at the Balsillie School Career: Educated to Ph.D. level at the Energy, Econom- ics, and Policy Institute at the University of Grenoble. Dr. book, No Logo, one of the Top 100 non-fiction books of International Affairs, Waterloo. His research is inter- published since 1923, and The Literary Review of Can- disciplinary and focuses on the themes of global secu- Jaccard develops and applies energy-economy models to assess sustainable energy and materials policies. A ada later included it on their list of the hundred most im- rity, technological, economic and ecological change, and portant Canadian books ever published. In 2004, her how human society will adapt to a complex and chang- professor in REM since 1986, Mark served as Chair and CEO of the BC Utilities Commission (1992-97), on the Harper’s reporting on Iraq won the James Aronson ing global picture as environmental and security issues Award for Social Justice Journalism, and her documen- continue to coalesce. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1993-96), and on the China Council for International Cooperation tary The Take, about Argentinean worker’s demonstra- Career: Educated at Carleton University (B.A. Political on Environment and Development (1996-2001). He was tions, was an Official Selection of the Biennale Science, 1980) and at MIT (Ph.D. Political Science, a lead author on the Global Energy Assessment (2012), and won the Best Documentary Jury Prize at the AFI 1989), where he focused on issues relating to defense a member of Canada’s National Roundtable on the En- Film Festival. Today, Klein is on the board of directors and arms control policy, conflict theory, and international vironment and the Economy, and a special advisor to for the group 350.org, a global grassroots movement to relations. At the University of Toronto, Homer-Dixon led Canada’s Council of Chief Executive Officers. In 2007, put an end to the climate crisis, and in addition serves research projects studying the connections between en- he won the SFU President’s Award for Media and his as a Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at the The Nation vironmental problems and the internal security of devel- book, Sustainable Fossil Fuels, won the Donner Prize Institute. She is also one of the organizers and authors oping countries. He remains at the forefront of an for best policy book in Canada. Dr. Jaccard is responsi- of the Leap Manifesto, which advocates for greater In- evolving global discourse on the links between threats to ble for the Canadian Industrial Energy End-use Data digenous rights and the embracing of new energy tech- the environment and threats to human security. Before and Analysis Centre, directed by Dr. John Nyboer, nologies. In 2017, she was appointed to the advisory joining the Basillie School of International Affairs, he University Research Associate. panel of the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025. She held the George Ignatieff Chair of Peace and Conflict now holds an honourary Doctor of Civil Laws from the Studies at the Trudeau Centre for Peace and Conflict Awards: Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, 2009; University of King’s College, Nova Scotia, and in 2011 Studies, University of Toronto, and was Professor in the British Columbia Academic of the Year, 2008. she also received an honourary degree from Saint Political Science department of the University. He was Books: Hot Air: Meeting Canada’s Climate Change Thomas University. Klein is a former Miliband Fellow at also the Founding Director of the Waterloo Institute for Challenge; Sustainable Fossil Fuels: The Unusual Sus- the London School of Economics. Complexity and Innovation between 2009 and 2014. pect in the Quest for Clean and Enduring Energy; The Awards: Klein’s second book, The Shock Doctrine, was Books: Carbon Shift: How the Twin Crises of Oil Deple- Cost of Climate Policy. the 2008/09 winner of the Warwick Prize for Writing. tion & Climate Change Will Define the Future Contact: School of Resource and Environmental Man- Klein is also a winner of the Canadian National Business (2009);The Upside of Down: Catastrophe, Creativity, agement, Simon Fraser University, TASC 1, #8405, Book Award (2000) and of the French Prix Mediations and the Renewal of Civilization (winner of the National 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6; Phone: Award (2000) for No Logo. A short six-minute compan- Business Book Award for 2006); The Ingenuity Gap (778)782-4219; Fax: (778) 782-4968; e-mail: ion film to The Shock Doctrine, directed by Academy (winner of the Governor General’s Award for Non-fiction, [email protected]; URL: www.emrg.sfu.ca; Award-winning filmmaker Alfonso Cuarón, screened and 2001); and Environment, Scarcity, and Violence (winner markjaccard.blogspot.ca was an Official Selection at the 2007 Venice Biennale, of the 2000 Lynton Caldwell Prize from the American San Sebastien, and Toronto International Film Festivals. Political Science Association). His other published works Joanna Kerr A full-length documentary based on the same book, also include Population and Conflict (1994), and Environ- titled The Shock Doctrine and directed by Michael mental Scarcity and Global Security (1993). Currently: President & CEO of MakeWay (formerly Winterbottom, was released in 2009. This Changes Ev- known as Tides Canada). erything: Capitalism vs. the Climate was awarded the Contact: c/o Balsillie School of International Affairs, Hilary Weston Writers’ Trust Prize for Nonfiction and Centre for International Governance Innovation, #312, Career: Earned her B.A. from the University of Toronto and her M.A. from the University of Sussex in Brighton, was named one of the New York Times 100 notable

E-4 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Environmentalists books of 2014. A documentary based on the book, di- Facebook: www.facebook.com/HarveyLockeWild; ety of corporations and lobby groups and is a rected by Avi Lewis, premiered at the Toronto Interna- LinkedIn: ca.linkedin.com/pub/harvey-locke/34/822/135 spokesperson for nuclear energy. niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental tional Film Festival in 2015. Klein was awarded the Career: Moore holds a B.Sc. in Forest Biology from the International Studies Association’s IPE Outstanding Ac- Elizabeth May University of British Columbia and Ph.D. in Ecology from tivist-Scholar award in 2014, and ’s Sydney Born June 9, 1954, in Hartford, Connecticut; moved to UBC’s Institute of Resource Ecology (1972). Starting in Peace Prize in 2016. Nova Scotia in 1972. 1971, Moore was an environmental activist for Books: No Logo (1999); Fences & Windows: Dis- Greenpeace, serving as Greenpeace Canada’s Presi- Currently: MP for the riding of Saanich—Gulf Islands. patches from the Front Lines of the Globalization De- dent for nine years and Director of Greenpeace Interna- bate (2002); The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Political Career: Appointed Senior Policy Advisor to tional for ten. Due to differences with the group, Capitalism (2007); This Changes Everything: Capitalism then-federal Environment Minister Tom McMillan in recounted in his book Confessions of a Greenpeace vs. the Climate (2014); o Is Not Enough: Resisting 1986. On August 26, 2006, May won the Green Party of Dropout: The Making of a Sensible Environmentalist,he Trump’s Shock Politics and Winning the World We Need Canada leadership election on the first ballot, and departed in 1986. In 1990, he founded and was principal (2017); The Battle for Paradise: Puerto Rico Takes on served as leader until 2019. May entered the 2008 fed- chairperson for the BC Carbon Project. From 1990-94, the Disaster Capitalists (2018); and On Fire: The (Burn- eral election race in the Nova Scotia constituency Cen- Moore was appointed to British Columbia’s Round Table ing) Case for a Green New Deal (2019) tral Nova, losing to incumbent Peter MacKay. In the on the Environment and Economy, and he later served 2011 election, she won the riding of Saanich—Gulf Is- as Vice President of Environment for Waterfurnace In- Contact: URL: naomiklein.org; Facebook: lands in Sidney, BC, making her the first Green Party ternational, a private manufacturer of sustainable, re- www.facebook.com/naomikleinofficial; Twitter: twit- candidate to be elected to the House of Commons. She newable resource-compatible technology for residential ter.com/NaomiAKlein was re-elected in her riding in the 2015 and 2019 use. More recently, he has served as Chair of the Sus- general elections. tainable Forestry Committee of the Forest Alliance of BC Harvey Locke Career: May is a lawyer by profession, graduating from and founded the Allow Golden Rice Society, a non-profit Born May 22, 1959, in Calgary, AB. the Dalhousie University Law School in 1983. Officer of that petitions Greenpeace to make exemptions to its Currently: Locke, a lawyer by profession, is a the Order of Canada since 2005. Executive Director of zero-tolerance policy on genetic modification. Moore’s well-known conservationist, lecturer, writer and photog- the Sierra Club of Canada, 1989-2006. Recipient of views have drawn criticism from the many environmen- rapher. He is recognized around the world as a leader in many awards including the Outstanding Achievement tal activists today: while not refuting the existence of cli- the field of wilderness protection and the conservation of Award from the Sierra Club in 1989, the International mate change, Moore maintains that global warming is parklands. Locke’s photographic work has been pub- Conservation Award from the Friends of Nature, and the not a product of human activity. Rather than invest their lished widely in a variety of media, including The New United Nations Global 500 Award in 1990. In 1996, she energies into curbing the human effect on the York Times, Agence France Press, The Globe and Mail was presented with the award for Outstanding Leader- environment, Moore suggests, environmentalists should and Canadian Geographic. Currently, he is the principal ship in Environmental Education by the Ontario Society promote adaptation to what is a fundamentally natural for Harvey Locke Consulting, a strategic advisor for the for Environmental Education. May, a co-founder of the process. Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative, and a se- Canadian Environmental Defence Fund, has been ac- Awards: Moore is a recipient of a Ford Foundation Fel- nior advisor on conservation for the Canadian Parks and tive with organizations such as the Public Interest Advo- lowship (1969-1972). Wilderness Society (CPAWS). Previously, he served on cacy Centre, Pollution Probe, and Friends of the Earth. Books: Pacific Spirit: The Forest Reborn (1995); Green the boards of the Henry P. Kendall Foundation in She is also a former Vice Chair of the National Round Spirit: Trees are the Answer (photo-book) (2000); Con- Boston, Massachusetts, the Freedom to Roam Initiative, Table on the Environment and the Economy. and the Eighth and Ninth World Wilderness Congress. fessions of a Greenpeace Dropout: The Making of a Books: Budworm Battles: The Fight to Stop the Aerial Locke is an active member of the World Commission on Sensible Environmentalist (2011). Insecticide Spraying of the Forests of Eastern Canada Protected Areas. Contact: URL: ecosense.me; Facebook: (with Richard Rogers) (1982); Paradise Won: The Strug- www.facebook.com/goldenricenow; Twitter: twit- Career: Educated at the University of Calgary, receiving gle to Save South Moresby (1990); At the Cutting Edge: ter.com/EcoSenseNow a Bachelor’s degree in French and a Bachelor of Laws The Crisis in Canada’s Forests (1998); Frederick Street: degree. Locke is the founder of the Yellowstone to Yu- Life and Death on Canada’s Love Canal (with Maude kon Conservation Initiative, which promotes the creation Barlow) (2000); How to Save the World in Your Spare Joyce Murray of a wildlife corridor from Yellowstone National Park to Time (2006); Global Warming for Dummies (with Zoe Born July 11, 1954, in Schweizer-Reneke, North West, the Yukon. He practiced law in Calgary for 14 years be- Caron) (2009); Losing Confidence: Power, Politics and South Africa; immigrated to Canada in 1961. fore changing careers to become a full-time conserva- the Crisis in Canadian Democracy (2009); and Who We Currently: MP for the riding of Vancouver Quadra in the tionist. Locke is a past President and Vice President of Are: Reflections on My Life and Canada (2014). the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS), House of Commons; Minister of Digital Government. Awards: May is the recipient of several honourary de- a former board member of the Nature Conservancy of Political Career: Murray entered politics in 2001, with grees, including doctorates from Mount Saint Vincent Montana, and has served various other environmental her election to the Legislative Assembly of British Co- University in Halifax, the University of New Brunswick, and conservation organizations such as the Wildlands lumbia, where she served as a Liberal cabinet minister Mount Allison University in Sackville, NB and the Atlan- Project (Wildlands Network), Tides Canada Foundation, from 2001-2005. She was first elected to Parliament in tic School of Theology in Halifax, NS. She was made an and the Canadian Boreal Initiative. As a writer and pho- 2008, and subsequently re-elected in 2011, 2015 and Officer of the Order of Canada in 2005, received the tographer, his work has been published in national and 2019. She has served on Standing Committees on Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012, and international peer-reviewed journals. In 2009, he ad- Trade, Health, Fisheries and Oceans, Environment and was named Maclean’s Parliamentarian of the Year in dressed the WILD9 Congress in Mérida, Mexico. He ran Sustainable Development, and Defence. She currently 2012 and 2013. for the MP of Calgary Centre as a Liberal candidate in sits on the Standing Committees on Access to Informa- the 2012 national by-election. Locke continues to Contact: Elizabeth May, MP for Saanich—Gulf Islands, tion, Privacy and Ethics, Public Accounts and Govern- contribute to the dialogue on current environment and House of Commons, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6; Phone: ment Operations and Estimates. She presented climate change issues. (613) 996-1119; Fax: (613) 996-0850; e-mail: eliza- legislation banning crude oil tanker traffic from BC’s [email protected]; Facebook: Awards: Named one of Canada’s leaders for the 21st North Coast, and increasing accountability and transpar- www.facebook.com/elizabethmay.green, century by Time Magazine Canada in 1999. He was ency of Canada’s security and intelligence agencies. Twitter: twitter.com/elizabethmay awarded the J.B. Harkin Medal for Conservation and the She also served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2013. President of the Treasury Board. Locke then received the Fred M. Packard Award for out- Patrick Moore Career: Murray co-founded Brinkman and Associates standing service to protected areas by the IUCN World Born 1947 in Winter Harbour, BC. Reforestation Ltd. in 1979 with her husband Dirk Brink- Commission on Protected Areas at the World Parks Currently: Moore is the founder of the Vancouver public man, specializing in ecosystem restoration, urban refor- Congress and the Gold Leaf Award from the Canadian relations firm Greenspirit Strategies, which provides estation, and forest management, among other services. Council on Ecological Areas. seminars to the public, lobbies government representa- The company is now an international operation, and has Contact: c/o The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation tives, mobilizes popular action around conservation and planted over one billion trees. Initiative, #200, 1240 Railway Ave., Canmore, AB T1W climate change issues, and serves as an environmental Contact: Joyce Murray, MP for Vancouver Quadra, 1P4; Phone: (403) 609-2666; e-mail: resource for both government and the private sector. House of Commons, Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6; Phone: [email protected]; URL: www.harveylocke.com; Moore primarily consults and publicly speaks for a vari- (613) 992-2430; Fax: (613) 995-0770; e-mail: [email protected]; URL: jmurray.liberal.ca;

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-5 Canadian Environmentalists

Facebook: www.facebook.com/mpjoycemurray; Twitter: Currently: Adjunct professor at the University of British individuals. She has been active on the boards of Ever- twitter.com/joycemurray; LinkedIn: Columbia and Simon Fraser University. City Councillor green, Pollution Probe, Windshare, and Algonquin www.linkedin.com/in/mp-joyce-murray in Vancouver and Director at Metro Vancouver. Ecowatch, and is a life member of the Bruce Trail Con- servancy. Dr. Saxe is a founding member of the Law So Political Career: Served on - ciety of Upper Canada’s Environmental Specialist Briony Penn from 2008-2008. Born October 16, 1960, in Saanich, BC. Certification Committee, and a long-time member of the Career: In 2002, she was elected as a Green Party Ontario Bar Association Environmental Law section. In Currently: Adjunct Professor of Environmental Studies, School Board member, where she worked in the Pri- 2015, Saxe was named the Environmental University of Victoria. Her study program on the sandhill mary/Secondary education industry for three years. She Commissioner of Ontario and served until 2019. crane, a species at risk, continues under the aegis of was then a director at CCEC Credit Union until ap- Books: Ontario Environmental Protection Act Annotated University’s Geography Department. Penn is an environ- pointed as the Chair of the City’s Planning and Environ- (1990). Dr. Saxe is also the author of numerous articles mental activist, cartographer, artist, and ment Committee in 2008, where she also became the and book chapters. businesswoman. Council lead to oversee Vancouver’s Greenest City Ac- Career: Penn earned her B.A. in Geography and An- tion Plan. She served as a Health and Social Develop- Awards: Ontario Bar Association Distinguished Service thropology from the University of British Columbia, and ment Advisory Committee Member from 2007 to 2014. Award, 2010; Osgoode Hall Gold Key Award for lifetime later a Ph.D. in Geography from Edinburgh University in She reinstated the Joint Childcare Council in 2009, achievement in law. Scotland. She established an environmental education which has since increased childcare spaces in Vancou- Contact: URL: saxefacts.com consulting business in 1986 and was the host of the ver by six per cent. She was also the Executive Director of the Wilderness Committee, and was chosen by Al television program Enviro/Mental. Penn is the author of Rick Smith a number of books and articles on natural history and Gore to give PowerPoint presentations on his documen- environmental issues. She is the co-founder of The tary An Inconvenient Truth. She volunteered with Currently: Executive Director of the Broadbent Institute, Land Conservancy of British Columbia and has volun- Women’s Voters Congress, and she was a former an organization looking to make free, equal and com- teered her time to many local and provincial organiza- Co-Chair of the City of Vancouver’s Food Policy Council. passionate citizenship in Canada. tions with a focus on conservation and related issues, Currently, she is on the Vancouver Foundation’s Health and Social Development Advisory Committee. Political Career: Served as Chief of Staff to Jack including the Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Stew- Layton and the New Democratic Party in 2003. ardship Pledge, and the Environment Advisory Commit- Contact: URL: sppga.ubc.ca/profile/andrea-reimer; tee, Islands Trust Saltspring Island Local Trust Twitter: twitter.com/andreareimer; LinkedIn: Career: Awarded Ph.D. in biology from the University of Committee. In 2007, she announced her intention to run ca.linkedin.com/in/andreareimer Guelph in 1999. Until January 2013, he was the Execu- as a Liberal candidate in the constituency of tive Director of Environmental Defence Canada, a chari- table organization dedicated to protecting the Saanich—Gulf Islands in the 2008 federal election. Sidney Ribaux Penn was narrowly defeated by incumbent Gary Lunn. environment and human health. Smith, along with others She maintains her membership in the Green Party of Currently: Ribaux is Executive Director, spokesperson in the organization, worked towards passage of On- BC. and co-founder of the Montréal nonprofit Équiterre, an tario’s new Clean Water Act and the Endangered Spe- organization engaged in the promotion of fair trade poli- cies Act. Former Executive Director of the UK and Books: Islands in the Salish Sea: A Community Atlas; A cies, energy efficiency, responsible consumption, pollu- Canadian offices of the International Fund for Animal Year on the Wild Side; The Kids Book of Canadian Ge- tion control, and in the reconstruction of a Montréal Welfare. ography; The Real Thing: The Natural History of Ian citizens’ movement. McTaggart Cowan; and For the Love of Nature: Solu- Books: Toxin Toxout: Getting Harmful Chemicals Out of tions for Biodiversity. Career: Ribaux co-founded Équiterre in 1993 and Our Bodies and Our World (with Bruce Lourie) (2013); chaired the Board of Directors until 1998, when he grad- Slow Death by Rubber Duck: How the Toxic Chemistry Contact: URL: www.brionypenn.com uated to Executive Director. Ribaux also chaired the Re- of Everyday Life Affects Our Health (with Bruce Lourie) gional Environmental Council of Montréal from 1996 to (2009). Gord Perks 2003, working with grassroots citizens’ coalitions to raise Contact: PO Box 1273, Stn B, Ottawa, ON K1P 5R3; Currently: City councillor for Ward 14, Parkdale—High popular support of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, Phone: (613) 688-2071; email: Park, in Toronto. Ribaux has overseen the design and construction of the [email protected]; URL: Centre for Sustainable Development, one of the green- www.broadbentinstitute.ca; Twitter: twitter.com/rjcsmith Political Career: Perks was first elected to Toronto city est buildings in Canada and a headquarters for a variety council in 2006, and was re-elected in 2010 and 2014. of Canadian environmental groups. His writing can be Prior to that, he ran in the 2006 federal election as the found published regularly in the Montréal Metro. David Suzuki NDP candidate in Toronto’s Davenport riding, losing to Born March 24, 1936, in Vancouver, BC. Liberal candidate Mario Silva. Awards: Ribaux was named a Fellow of Ashoka in 2007. In 2009, he received the Royal Canadian Geo- Currently: Host of CBC’s long-running science Career: Perks began working on environmental initia- graphical Society’s first Canadian Award for Environ- programme The Nature of Things, now in syndication in tives in 1987, with a focus on waste reduction and public mental Innovation, and he was most recently admitted 40+ countries. Active proponent of environmental transit, and has worked for such organizations as Pollu- by the society into its College of Fellows. sustainability and combating global warming. Professor tion Probe, Greenpeace Canada, the Better Transporta- Emeritus, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, tion Coalition, and the Toronto Environmental Alliance. Contact: Équiterre Headquarters, Centre for Sustain- 2001 to present. Left the board of directors of the David He was the Principal author of the Canadian Green able Development, #340, 50 rue Sainte-Catherine Suzuki Foundation in 2012 so that his political advocacy Consumer Guide (1989), an environmental columnist for Ouest, Montréal QC H2X 3V4; Phone: (514) 522-2000; would not affect the charitable organization status of the Eye Weekly (now The Grid), and an Adjunct Professor e-mail: [email protected]; URL: www.equiterre.org; foundation. in the Environmental Studies Department of the Univer- Twitter: twitter.com/sidneyribaux; LinkedIn: ca.linkedin.com/in/sidney-ribaux-06056714 Career: Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Chicago. sity of Toronto. He is currently a member of the follow- Professor in the Genetics Department of the University ing: Parks and Environment Committee; Subcommittee of British Columbia, 1963 to 2001. Established and on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation; Tribunal Dianne Saxe hosted from 1975 to 1979 the CBC radio program Nominating Panel; Toronto Atmospheric Fund Board of Currently: Certified Specialist in Environmental Law; Quirks and Quarks. Director of the Canadian Civil Liber- Directors; Golden Horseshoe Food and Farming head of Saxe Law Office (Envirolaw) since 1991. ties Association, 1982-1987. Hosted the critically ac- Alliance; and Greater Toronto Area Agricultural Action claimed PBS television series The Secret of Life, 1993. Career: Educated at Osgoode Hall Law School with a committee. Co-founder, along with his wife Dr. Tara Cullis, and Ph.D. in Law and called to the Ontario Bar in 1976, Dr. member of the board of the David Suzuki Foundation Contact: Toronto City Hall, #A14, 100 Queen St. West, Saxe is recognized by her peers as among the top 25 (1990), a non-profit organization dedicated to finding in- Toronto, ON M5H 2N2; Phone: (416) 392-7919; Fax: environmental lawyers in the world. Before establishing novative solutions to help conserve the natural world. (416) 392-0398; e-mail: [email protected]; her own law firm, she was senior legal counsel to the URL: gordperks.ca; Facebook: Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Her firm’s core Awards: Honours include the Governor General’s www.facebook.com/Gord.Perks; Twitter: twit- practice areas include due diligence, compliance, en- Award for Conservation in 1985 and the Order of Can- ter.com/gordperks. forcement, renewable energy approvals, environmental ada in 1997; the Lifetime Achievement Award, Univer- assessments, ISO 14000, brownfields, and climate sity of British Columbia Alumni Association, 2000; and change. Dr. Saxe is a certified mediator and a consul- the Commemorative Medal, 125th Anniversary of Cana- tant to business, government, environmental groups and dian Confederation, 1992. Received ACTRA Award in

E-6 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Environmentalists

1985 and GEMINI Awards in 1986 and 1992 for his tele- Ecojustice. He was the Inaugural Hakai Chair of Envi- Watt-Cloutier was the International Chair of the ICC. vision programs. Dr. Suzuki is also the recipient of a ronmental Law and Sustainability at UVic Law, She continues to advocate for the interests of Arctic number of honourary degrees from Canadian and inter- 2011-2016, and was the Founding Executive Director of peoples with particular reference to the effects of green- 2020 Up-Date Environmental national universities, including most recently from Me- the Environmental Law Centre at the University of house gases and climate change on their wellbeing, as morial University, Laurentian University, and Université Victoria, home of the first clinical program in public well as to themes of human rights and the protection of Sainte-Anne. interest environmental law in Canada. indigenous cultures. Books: Author of more than 50 books, including his Books: Environmental Law: Cases and Materials (2009, Awards: Among her many honours, Watt-Cloutier was 2006 autobiography, David Suzuki; The Sacred Balance with Meinhard Doelle, 2nd edition); Setting the Stan- named Officer of the Order of Canada in 2006 and has (2007); You Are the Earth (2000); and a number of chil- dard: Certification, Governance and the Forest Steward- received numerous honourary degrees from Canadian dren’s books. Writes regular columns in a variety of ven- ship Council (2008); cleanair.ca: a citizen’s action guide universities. In 2006 and 2007, she was nominated for ues discussing science, the environment, and nature. (2000); and The Wealth of Forests: Markets, Regulation the Nobel Peace Prize and awarded the Rachel Carson and Sustainable Forestry (1998). Prize for exceptional achievement in work for environ- Contact: Head Office: #219, 2211 West 4th Ave., Van- mental causes in 2007. In 2010, the Globe and Mail couver, BC, V6K 4S2; Phone: (604) 732-4228; Toll-free: Contact: Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, PO Box called her the Nation Builder of the Decade for the 1-800-453-1533. URL: www.davidsuzuki.org; Facebook: 1700, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2; Phone: (250) environment. www.facebook.com/DavidSuzukiFoundation; Twitter: 721-8170; Fax: (250) 721-8146; e-mail: [email protected]; twitter.com/DavidSuzukiFDN; Instagram: URL: www.uvic.ca/law Books: The Right to be Cold: One Woman’s Story of www.instagram.com/davidsuzukifdn Protecting Her Culture, the Arctic, and the Whole Planet Laure Waridel (2015). Peter Tabuns Born January 10, 1973, in Chesalles-sur-Oron, Switzer- land. Contact: c/o Speakers’ Spotlight, #302, 179 John St., Born October 3, 1951, in London, ON. Toronto, ON M5T 1X4; Phone: (416) 345-1559; e-mail: Currently: Special Advisor, Trudel Johnston & [email protected]; LinkedIn: Currently: NDP Ontario MPP for the Toronto—Danforth Lespérance. constituency. Tabuns is the Critic for Greater Toronto www.linkedin.com/in/sheila-watt-cloutier-b9894073 Area Issues, the Critic for Environment and Climate Career: Studied social science at Cégep Lionel-Groulx Change, the Critic for Energy, and the Chair of the in Sainte-Thérèse, Québec, in 1990. Earned a bache- Standing Committee on Social Policy. lor’s degree in sociology and international development Born in Victoria, BC. studies at McGill University, and a master’s degree in Political Career: He was City Councillor for the environmental studies at the University of Victoria. Currently: MLA for Oak Bay-Gordon Head since 2013. Riverdale portion of the Toronto—Danforth constituency Waridel worked as an intern in Burkina Faso, where she Political Career: Weaver became the first Green Party from 1990 to 1997. On being sworn in to the Ontario took an interest in the subject of fair trade, particularly MLA in British Columbia’s history upon his win in the Legislature, he was given responsibility for Environment, regarding coffee. She participated in the Earth Summit 2013 general election. He became the leader of the BC Infrastructure Renewal, Transportation, and the Greater in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and in 1993 co-founded a Green Party in 2015, and was re-elected in his riding in Toronto Area, among several other portfolios. He served non-profit organization called Action for Solidarity, the 2017 general election. He stepped down as leader in as Deputy Third Party House Leader from 2009-2011. Equality, Environment and Development (ASEED), 2020, and sat as an Independent. Career: In Toronto, Tabuns was President of Citizens for which eventually became Équiterre in 1998. In the early Career: After receiving his Ph.D. in Applied Mathemat- a Safe Environment and helped end garbage incinera- 2010s, she and her family took a sabbatical in Switzer- ics from the University of British Columbia in 1987, tion in the Toronto Portlands. He championed housing land, and she began doctoral studies at the Graduate In- Weaver worked at McGill University, Australia’s Univer- alternatives as Vice Chair of the Co-op Housing Federa- stitute of International and Development Studies in sity of New South Wales and the University of Washing- tion of Toronto. Tabuns was also Chair of the Toronto Geneva. She received her doctorate in anthropology ton, primarily in the area of atmospheric and oceanic Board of Health. He has long campaigned for protection and sociology of development in 2016. From 2015-2017 studies. Prior to his election to the BC legislature, he of the environment. On the national stage, Tabuns she served as the Executive Director of CIRODD. served as Canada Research Chair in climate modelling served as Executive Director of Greenpeace Canada Awards: Knight of the Order of La Pléiade, Assemblée and analysis at the University of Victoria’s School of from 1999 to 2004, during which time he advocated for parlementaire de la Francophonie (2006); Honorary doc- Earth and Ocean Sciences. He was Lead Author in the environmental protections that included the adoption of torate, Université du Québec à Rimouski (2011); Mem- 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th scientific assessments conducted the Kyoto Protocol. Tabuns served as special advisor on ber of the Order of Canada (2012); Insigne du mérite, by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change to Jack Layton, 2004 to 2005. Université de Montréal (2013); Knight of the National Or- Climate Change. Contact: Room 165, Main Legislative Building, Queen’s der of Québec (2016). Awards: Weaver is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Park, Toronto, ON M7A 1A5; Phone: (416) 325-3250; Books: L’envers de l’assiette (1998, 2003); Une cause Canada, Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Fax: (416) 325-3252; e-mail: [email protected]; café (1997); Coffee with Pleasure (2001); Acheter c’est Society, American Association for the Advancement of URL: petertabuns.ca; Facebook: voter (2005). Science and the American Meteorological Society. Other www.facebook.com/peter.tabuns - Contact: Phone: (514) 871-8385; e-mail: [email protected] awards and honours include: the Killam Research Fel lowship; Guggenheim fellowship; Royal Society of Can- Chris Tollefson bec; URL: tjl.quebec/en/laure-waridel; Facebook: www.facebook.com/laure.waridel; Twitter: twit- ada Miroslaw Romanowski Medal; A.G. Huntsman Born in Saskatchewan. ter.com/laure_waridel Award for Excellence in Marine Science; Order of British Currently: Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University Columbia (2008); and the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Medal (2013). of Victoria. Co-founder and Executive Director of the Pa- Sheila Watt-Cloutier cific Centre for Environmental Law and Litigation, which Born December 2, 1953, in Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, QC. Books: Keeping our Cool: Canada in a Warming World focuses on training public interest environmental (2008); Generation Us: The Challenge of Global Warm- litigators. Currently: Activist, writer, lecturer and presenter. ing (2011). Career: Educated at the University of Victoria Faculty of Career: Educated at McGill University, with a focus on Contact: URL: www.andrewweavermla.ca; Facebook: Law. Called to the Bar of British Columbia in 1987. human development, education and counseling. www.facebook.com/AndrewWeaverMLA; Twitter: twit- Served as law clerk to Mr. Justice Lambert of the British Watt-Cloutier worked as an Inuktitut translator at ter.com/AJWVictoriaBC Columbia Court of Appeal before practising law in the Ungava Hospital, and played a key role in the review of area of criminal defence and Charter litigation. Professor the educational system in Northern Québec. She was Frank Wolf Tollefson’s research interests include aboriginal rights Corporate Secretary for the Makivik Corporation, an and environmental protection, water pollution and Inuit land claims organization, from 1995-1998, and Past Currently: Filmmaker, adventurer, writer, and environ- coastal zone ecology and management, forest protec- President of the Inuit Circumpoloar Council (ICC), head- mentalist. tion and management, and citizen participation in envi- quartered in Canada and representing Inuit interests in Career: Wolf is known for his documentaries on wilder- ronmental and trade issues. He is a member of several countries. In this capacity, Watt-Cloutier advo- ness expeditions around the world, but especially in the Canada’s National Advisory Committee under the cated for the banning of the manufacture and use of per- Canadian North. His films include Borealis (2008), Mam- NAFTA environmental side agreement and a past mem- sistent organic pollutants (POPs), which include malian (2010), On the Line (2011), Kitturiaq (2013), and ber of the Academic Advisory Committee to the Deputy polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT, and which have had The Hand of Franklin (2015), all of which were broad- Minister of International Trade (2002-2004). Tollefson is a profound effect on the Arctic ecology and the families cast on the CBC. He is also a feature writer and colum- also a Past Chair and President, 1997-2001, of who rely on Arctic species for food. From 2002 to 2006, nist for Explore Magazine, and has written features for

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-7 Canadian Environmentalists

Westjet Magazine, Canoeroots Magazine, Reader’s Di- gest, and Adventure Kayak Magazine, among others. He is a public speaker, having given talks at TEDx, FEAT, and other events. Awards: Named one of ‘Canada’s Top Ten Adventurers’ by Explore Magazine in 2012, and ‘One of Canada’s Top 100 Explorers’ by the Royal Canadian Geographical So- ciety in 2015. His documentaries have won numerous film festival awards. Contact: e-mail: [email protected]; URL: www.fwolf.ca; Instagram: www.instagram.com/frankwolf70

E-8 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Environmental Abbreviations 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Indicating academic degrees, memberships and honours particular to the sciences, engineer- F.G.S...... —oftheGeological Society (British) ing and other professional standings in environmental pursuits. This list is intended to add defi- F.G.S.A...... —oftheGeological Society of America nition to abbreviations that may not be commonly encountered. For a complete list of F.I.C...... —oftheInstitute of Chemistry abbreviations see the Canadian Almanac and Directory. F.I.C.E...... —oftheInstitution of Civil Engineers A.C...... “Advanced Certification” Canadian Association of Medical F.M.S.A...... —oftheMineralogical Society of America Radiation Technologists F.R.A.I...... —oftheRoyal Anthropological Institute A.C.I.C...... Associate of the Chemical Institute of Canada F.R.A.I.C...... —oftheRoyal Architectural Institute of Canada A.C.S.M...... —ofCambourne School of Mines F.R.G.S...... —oftheRoyal Geographical Society A.F.R.A.S...... Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society F.R.Hort.S...... —oftheRoyal Horticultural Society A.L.S...... Commissioned Alberta Land Surveyor F.R.I.B.A...... —oftheRoyal Institute of British Architects A.M.E.I.C...... Associate Member of the Engineering Institute of Canada F.R.I.C...... —oftheRoyal Institute of Chemistry A.M.I.C.E...... —Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (British) F.R.I.C.S...... —oftheRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors A.M.I.E.E...... —oftheInstitute of Electrical Engineers F.R.M.S. (F.R.Met.S.) — of the Royal Meteorological Society A.M.I.Mech.E...... —oftheInstitution of Mechanical Engineers (British) F.R.S.P.H...... —oftheRoyal Society for Public Health A.R.I.C...... —oftheRoyal Institute of Chemistry F.Z.S...... —oftheZoological Society of London (British) A.R.S.M...... —oftheRoyal School of Mines L.S...... Land Surveyor A.Sc.T...... Applied Science Technologist L.S.A...... Licentiate in Agricultural Science Assoc. Inst. M.M.....Associate of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (British) M.A.I.E.E...... Member of American Institute of Electrical Engineers B.A.S. (B.A.Sc.).....Bachelor of Applied Science M.A.I.M.E...... —ofAmerican Institute of Mining Engineers B.C.E...... —ofCivil Engineering M.A.P...... Maîtrise en administration publique B.E. (B.Eng.) ...... —ofEngineering M.Arch...... Master of Architecture B.E.D.S...... —ofEnvironmental Design Studies M.A.Sc. (M.A.S.) ....—ofApplied Science B.E.S...... —ofEnvironmental Sciences/Studies M.A.S.C.E...... Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers B.ès.Sc...... Bachelier ès Science M.A.S.M.E...... —oftheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers B.ès.Sc.App...... —èsScience Appliquée M.C.E...... —ofCivil Engineering B.L.A...... Bachelor of Landscape Architecture M.Ch.E...... —ofChemical Engineering (American) B.S.A...... —ofScience in Agriculture M.C.I.C...... —oftheChemical Institute of Canada B.Sc...... —ofScience M.C.I.F...... —oftheCanadian Institute of Forestry B.S.C.E...... —ofScience in Civil Engineering M.C.I.M...... —oftheCanadian Institute of Mining B.Sc.F (B.S.F.) .....—ofScience in Forestry M.C.I.M.M.P...... —oftheCanadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum B.Sc.F.E...... —ofScience in Forestry Engineering M.E.D.S...... —Master of Environmental Design Studies C.C...... Chartered Cartographer M.E.E...... —ofElectrical Engineering (American) C.C.E.P...... Canadian Certified Environmental Practitioner M.E.I.C...... Member of the Engineering Institute of Canada C.E.A...... Certified Environmental Auditor M.Eng...... Master of Engineering C.H.E...... Certified Health Executive M.E.S...... —ofEnvironmental Sciences/Studies Chem. Ing...... Ingénieur Chimiste Diplomé (Swiss Fed. Inst. Technology) M.F...... —ofForestry C.I.F...... Canadian Institute of Forestry M.I.C.E...... Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (British) C.I.M...... Certified Industrial Manager M.I.E.E...... —oftheInstitution of Electrical Engineers (British) C.L.S...... Canada Land Surveyor M.I.M.M...... —oftheInstitute of Mining and Metallurgy (British) C.M.M...... Certified Municipal Manager (Ontario) M.Pl...... Master of Planning C.M.O.S...... Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society Consultant M.P.M...... —ofPest Management C.P.P.O...... Certified Public Purchasing Officer M.R.A.I.C...... Member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada C.P.P...... —Professional Purchaser M.R.M...... Master of Resource Management C.R.S.P...... Canadian Registered Safety Professional M.R.S.P.H...... Member of the Royal Society of Health D.A...... Doctor of Archaeology (Laval) M.S.A...... Master of Science in Agriculture D.Arch...... —ofArchitecture M.Sc...... —ofScience D.A.Sc...... —inApplied Sciences M.Sc.A...... —ofApplied Science D.Ch.E...... —ofChemical Engineering (American) M.S.C.E...... —ofScience in Civil Engineering D.Eng...... —ofEngineering M.Sc.F...... —ofScience in Forestry D. ès Sc. App...... Docteur ès science appliquée M.U.P...... —ofUrban Planning D.F...... Doctor of Forestry (American) M.U.R.P...... —ofUrban and Rural Planning Dip. Bact...... —inBacteriology M.V...... Médécin Vétérinaire D.L.S...... Dominion Land Surveyor M.V.Sc...... Master of Veterinary Science D.S.A. (D.Sc.A.) ....Docteur ès science appliqués N.D.A...... National Diploma in Agriculture (Royal Ag. Soc. of England) D.Sc...... Doctor of Science O.L.S...... Ontario Land Surveyor D.Sc.Nat...... —inNatural Science P.E...... Professional Engineer E.E...... Electrical Engineer P.Eng...... Registered Professional Engineer E.M...... Mining Engineer P.P...... Professional Purchaser F.A.G.S...... Fellow of the American Geographical Society P.P.B...... Public Buyer F.A.O.U...... —oftheAmerican Ornithologists Union P.T.I.C...... Patent & Trademark Institute of Canada F.A.P.H.A...... —oftheAmerican Public Health Association Q.L.S...... Québec Land Surveyor F.C.I.C...... —oftheChemical Institute of Canada R.P.Bio...... Registered Professional Biologist F.C.M.R.T...... —oftheCanadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists R.P.F...... —Professional Forester F.E...... Forest Engineer Sc.D...... Doctorat ès Sciences F.E.I.C...... Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada Sc.L...... Licence ès Sciences F.F.R...... —oftheFaculty of Radiologists (British)

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-9 Environmental Abbreviations

Geographical Terms Street Addresses Provinces Avenue ...... Ave./av Boulevard ...... Blvd./boul. Alberta...... AB...... Alberta Building ...... Bldg./Édifice British Columbia ...... BC...... Colombie-Britannique Care of/au soins de...... c/oa/s ...... MB...... Manitoba Court ...... Ct. New Brunswick ...... NB...... Nouveau-Brunswick Crescent ...... Cres. Newfoundland (& ) .....NL...... Terre-Neuve (et Labrador) Drive/Promenade ...... Dr./promenade Northwest Territories...... NT...... Territoires du Nord-Ouest Floor/Étage ...... Fl./étage Nova Scotia...... NS...... Nouvelle-Écosse Highway/Route ...... Hwy./Rte. Nunavut...... NU...... Nunavut Parkway ...... Pkwy. Ontario ...... ON...... Ontario Place/Place ...... Pl. Prince Edward Island ...... PE...... Île-du-Prince-Édouard Post Office Bag ...... POBag Québec ...... PQ...... Québec Post Office Box/Case postal .....POBox/CP Saskatchewan...... SK...... Saskatchewan Postal Sub-Station ...... Postal Sub-Stn./sous-station Yukon ...... YT...... Yukon Road/Chemin ...... Rd./ch Retail Postal Outlet ...... RPO The Rural Route/Route rurale ...... RR Alabama ...... AL Square/Carré ...... Sq./carré Alaska ...... AK Station/Succursale ...... Stn/Succ Arizona ...... AZ Suburban Service/Service ...... SS/suburbain Arkansas ...... AR Street/Rue...... St./rue California...... CA Colorado ...... CO Days of the Week Connecticut ...... CT Sunday ...... D...... dimanche Delaware...... DE Monday ...... M...... lundi District of Columbia...... DC Tuesday ...... T...... mardi Florida ...... FL Wednesday ...... W...... mercredi Georgia ...... GA Thursday ...... R...... jeudi Hawaii ...... HI Friday ...... F...... vendredi Idaho ...... ID Saturday ...... S...... samedi Illinois ...... IL Indiana ...... IN Months of the Year Iowa...... IA January/janvier ...... Jan./jan. Kansas ...... KA February/février...... Feb./fév. Kentucky ...... KY March/mars ...... March/mars Louisiana...... LA April/avril ...... April/avril Maine ...... ME May/mai...... May/mai Maryland ...... MD June/juin ...... June/juin Massachusetts ...... MA July/juillet...... July/juillet Michigan ...... MI August/août...... Aug./août Minnesota ...... MN September/septembre ...... Sept./sept. Mississippi...... MS October/octobre ...... Oct./oct. Missouri...... MO November/novembre ...... Nov./nov. Montana ...... MT December/décembre ...... Dec./déc. Nebraska...... NE Nevada ...... NV Publications/Frequency New Hampshire ...... NH New Jersey ...... NJ weekly/w ...... hebdomadaire New Mexico ...... NM every two weeks/bi-weekly ...... quinzomadaire NewYork...... NY twice a month/s-m...... bimensuel North Carolina...... NC monthly/m...... mensuel North Dakota...... ND every two months ...... bimestriel Ohio...... OH quarterly/q...... trimestriel Oklahoma ...... OK twice a year/s-a...... semestriel Oregon ...... OR annual/a...... annuel Pennsylvania...... PA # per annum/# pa ...... #fois par an Rhode Island...... RI every two years/biennial ...... tous les deux ans South Carolina ...... SC every four years/quadrennial ....tous les quatre ans South Dakota ...... SD irregular/irreg...... irrég. Tennessee...... TN Translations Texas...... TX Utah...... UT Selected titles, tags, phrases Vermont...... VT Acronym ...... Acronyme Virginia ...... VA Activities, Task Forces, ...... Activités, groupes de travail, programmes, services Washington ...... WA Programs, Services West Virginia...... WV Administrator...... Administrateur(trice) Wisconsin ...... WI Affiliation(s) ...... Affiliation(s) Wyoming ...... WY Also known as...... Également appelé Amount ...... Montant

E-10 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Environmental Abbreviations

Annual Operating Budget ...... Budget de fonctionnement annuel Library (Permission Required) . . . Avec permission seulement Attendees ...... Participants Licensing Body ...... Organisme de réglementation professionnelle Author ...... Auteur(e) Mailing Lists ...... Listes de diffusion 2020 Up-Date Environmental Awards ...... Attribution de prix Manager ...... Administrateur(trice) ou Gérant(e) Awareness Events ...... Événements de sensibilisation Meetings ...... Réunions Business Agent ...... Agent d'affaires Member of...... Membre de Chief Officers ...... Membres du bureau directeur Membership ...... Nombre de membres Commissioner ...... Commissaire Membership criteria ...... Critères d'admissibilité Committees...... Comités Membership fee ...... Montant de la cotisation Communications Officer ...... Agent de communications Merged from ...... Fusion de Conferences ...... Conférences National President...... Président(e) national(e) Contact/Library ...... Responsable/Bibliothèque National Secretary ...... Secrétaire national(e) Contact Person ...... Personne ressource National Treasurer ...... Trésorier(ière) national(e) Contact/Speakers ...... Responsable/Conférenciers Number of Pages ...... Nombre de pages Contents (Publications)...... Contenu(Publications) Organizational Profile ...... Description Conventions ...... Congrès Past President...... Président(e) sortant(e) Coordinator ...... Coordonnateur(trice) Predecessor name ...... Nomduprédécesseur Corresponding Secretary ...... Secrétaire correspondancier President...... Président(e) Crisis-Line ...... Ligne secours President-elect ...... Président(e) désigné(e) Deputy Secretary ...... Secrétaire adjoint(e) Publications...... Publications Editor...... Rédacteur(trice) Recording Secretary ...... Secrétaire archiviste Eligibility ...... Éligibilité Registrar ...... Secrétaire E-Mail ...... Courriel Representative ...... Représentant(e), Délégué(e) EPT...... Employé(e) plein temps Schedule ...... Tableau des cotisations Executive Assistant...... Adjoint(e) de direction Scholarships ...... Bourses Executive Director...... Directeur(trice) général(e) Scope of Activity ...... Envergure des opérations Executive Manager ...... Directeur(trice) Secretary...... Secrétaire Executive Secretary-Treasurer . . . Secrétaire-trésorier(ière) exécutif(ive) Secretary General...... Secrétaire général(e) FAX (Facsmile Transmission)....Télécopieur Secretary-Treasurer ...... Secrétaire-trésorier(ière) Financial Secretary ...... Secrétaire financier(ière) See...... Voir Founding Date ...... Date de fondation Source of Funding...... Fonds General Director ...... Directeur(trice) général(e) Speakers Service ...... Service de conférenciers General Organizer ...... Organisateur(trice) général(e) Sponsors...... Commanditaires Grants ...... Subventions Staff...... Personnel Info-Line ...... Infoligne Toll-free(telephone number) .....Ligne sans frais Interns ...... Stagiaires Translated Name...... Nomtraduit ISBN ...... Numéro ISBN Treasurer...... Trésorier(ière) ISSN ...... Numéro ISSN TTY (Text Telephone) ...... ATS Librarian ...... Bibliothécaire Volunteers ...... Bénévoles Library Hours ...... Heures d'ouverture de la bibliothèque

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-11

Recent Environmental Events niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental 2018 February June • Many regions of Canada experience an abnormally cold and wintery February, with B.C. reaching 9 C below normal, • The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act comes into effect Calgary enduring its coldest February in 83 years, Toronto on June 21, 2018. The law establishes a set of minimum already surpassing its average annual snowfall, and Atlantic national standards for greenhouse gas pricing in Canada, in Canada logging its coldest February in 25 years. order meet emission reduction targets under the . March July • Inspired by the efforts of Swedish teenage environmental activist Greta Thunberg, momentum grows among students • A heat wave grips the province of Quebec during the week in Canada and abroad to skip class to protest a lack of of July 1-8, resulting in the deaths of more than 90 people, environmental protection, including a march on Parliament with more than 50 of them in Montreal alone. Hill. August April

• In Alberta, the cities of Calgary, Edmonton, Red Deer and • Environment and Climate Change Canada releases a report Grande Prairie log their smokiest summers on record due to noting that Canada is warming twice as fast as the rest of forest fires, according to Environment and Climate Change the world, and that drastic change is the only way to prevent Canada. Most old records were set in 2017, with the a catastrophic future. Much of the blame for the warming felt exception of Grande Prairie, which set its old record in 1994. not only in Canada, but around the world, is placed on burning fossil fuels. September May • Six tornadoes hit the Ottawa-Gatineau region on September 21, 2018, causing widespread damage and power outages. • The Ottawa River swells on May 1, 2019, due to a mix of unthawed ground and snow, and heavy rains. Two people October die in the flooding, which displaces 6,000 residents in • Prime Minister Trudeau announces a revenue-neutral Ottawa and Gatineau, hundreds more in surrounding carbon tax starting in 2019, under the Greenhouse Gas communities, and also floods farmland. Pollution Pricing Act, called the Output-Based Pricing June System (OBPS). Pricing starts at $20 per ton in 2019, rising at $10 per ton per year until reaching $50 per ton in 2022. • Prime Minister Trudeau announces a plan to ban harmful The pricing takes effect in January 2019. single-use plastics as early as 2021, and to make companies that manufacture plastic products or sell items November with plastic packaging responsible for their own plastic waste. • At the annual meeting of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, the federal, provincial, and territorial July environment ministers agree on a Canada-wide zero-plastic-waste strategy that aims to reduce plastic waste • The Government of Canada announces a renewal of the by 30 per cent per person by 2030, and by 50 per cent by Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan for another 15 2040. years (2020–2034), and an investment of $1.16 billion from 2020–2024. This is meant to allow the government to December remediate an estimated 1,316 contaminated sites, including 475 sites on First Nation reserves. • Environment and Climate Change Canada releases its list of the top 10 weather-related stories of 2018, with forest fires in August B.C. taking the number one spot. The province declared a • After comments made by People’s Party Leader Maxime state of emergency from August to September, with 2,115 Bernier, in which he cast doubts about the legitimacy of fires and 1.35 million hectares burned. climate change, Elections Canada issues a warning to environmental charities that any discussion of the dangers of 2019 climate change during the upcoming federal election campaign could be considered partisan. That means if a January charity engages in activities such as advertising or surveys • Syncrude Canada pleads guilty to contravening the highlighting the risks of climate change, they could be forced Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, after exposing great to register as a third party in the election and risk losing blue herons to bitumen in an abandoned sump at their charitable tax status. Advocacy groups decry the move as Mildred Lake facility in Alberta, leading to the death of 31 stifling the conversation around climate change. birds. The company is fined $1.775 million, plus another $975,000 under the provincial Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-13 Recent Environmental Events

September such as drinking straws and plastic cutlery. The report finds that less than 10 per cent of plastic products used in Canada • After causing immense damage in the Bahamas with 300 are recycled, meaning that 3.3 million tonnes of plastic ends km/h winds, Hurricane Dorian moves its way up to Nova up in the trash. Scotia, becoming a post-tropical storm with winds of 155 km/h. By the time it leaves Atlantic Canada, half a million • The first case of COVID-19 in Canada is reported by Health people are without power, and $140 million in damage to Canada on Jan. 25, 2020: a Toronto man who had recently insured property is recorded. travelled to Wuhan, China.

• Continuing the momentum gained earlier in the year, February hundreds of thousands of Canadians march for climate • Researchers from the University of Ottawa release a paper action across the country, demanding that officials adopt a linking the declining bumblebee population in North America climate action plan of zero carbon emissions by 2050. and Europe to “climate chaos,” and warn that the decline could continue on a mass-extinction level if something isn’t October done to support bee habitats and to reverse the effects of • Twenty municipalities across Quebec, including in Montreal, climate change as a whole. delay Halloween to prevent families from trick-or-treating in March heavy rains, snow and strong winds. • The World Health Organization declares the COVID-19 • rd The 43 general election is held on October 21, 2019, with outbreak a global pandemic on March 11. By mid-month, ’s Liberal government remaining in power, much of Canada is entering lockdown in order to contain the albeit with a minority government. Elizabeth May and the spread of the virus – a lockdown that will last in varying Green Party have their best showing ever with three seats, forms for months to come. On March 24, Health Canada up one from before the election. confirms that local transmission has become the primary cause of COVID-19 spread in Canada. November April • In the journal BioScience, 11,000 scientists from 153 countries sign a declaration of climate emergency, saying • The Government of Ontario suspends environmental the efforts of governments around the world are failing. They oversight rules under its COVID-19 state of emergency outline six factors governments and policy-makers should order, including a section of the Environmental Bill of Rights. take into account in order to reduce the effects of climate Critics worry that it is an overreach designed to avoid change: energy; short-lived pollutants; nature; food; the environmental checks and balances on major projects, while economy; and population. the province says that it will only be used for projects related to the pandemic. The Environmental Protection Agency in December the United States made a similar move in March. • In its annual list of top 10 weather-related stories, May Environment and Climate Change Canada reveals that 2019 was a record warm year in the Arctic. Sea ice reached its • Environment and Climate Change Canada reports that most second-lowest minimum on record, temperatures reached major cities in Canada have seen a stark improvement in air 14 C warmer than average, and anomalous events are quality over the past two months, due to COVID-19 lockdown efforts keeping people home instead of on the logged, such as a tornado near Fort Smith, N.W.T., and roads, and factories either closed or operating at reduced lightning strikes within 500 km of the North Pole. capacity. 2020 June January • A severe hailstorm strikes Calgary on June 13, causing almost $1.2 billion in damage – making it the • Environment and Climate Change Canada releases a report fourth-most-expensive natural disaster in Canadian history. backing the government’s initiative to ban single-use plastics

E-14 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Environmental Performance Index 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Environmental Performance Index 2020

Global metrics for the environment: Ranking country performance on sustainability issues

epi rankings 1–36 37–72 73–108 109–144 145–180 na

Yale Center for Center for International With support from This Summary for Policymakers contains a snapshot of the Environmental Law Earth Science The McCall MacBain Foundation 2020 EPI’s framework and results. Complete methods, & Policy, Information Network, and special assistance from data, and results—including breakout scores and rankings for Yale University Columbia University The Mullion Group individual countries—are available online at epi.yale.edu.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-15 Environmental Performance Index

Executive Summary

The 2020 Environmental Performance In- epi score dex (EPI) provides a data-driven summary of the state of sustainability around the world. Using 32 performance indicators across 11 issue categories, the EPI ranks 180 countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality. These indicators provide a gauge at a national scale of how close countries are to established envi- ronmental policy targets. The EPI offers a scorecard that highlights leaders and lag- gards in environmental performance and provides practical guidance for countries that aspire to move toward a sustainable future. The metrics on which the 2020 rankings are based come from a variety of sources and represent the most recent published data, often from 2017 or 2018. Thus the analysis does not reflect recent developments, including the dramatic drop in air pollution in 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic or the green- house gas emissions from the extensive Amazonian fires in 2019. These indicators provide a way to spot problems, set targets, track trends, understand outcomes, and identify best gdp per capita [2011 us $, thousands] (logged) policy practices. Good data and fact- The relationship between 2020 EPI Score and GDP per capita shows a strong positive correlation, although based analysis can also help government many countries out- or underperform their economic peers. officials refine their policy agendas, facili- tate communications with key stakehold- outcomes. This trend is especially true relationships with top-tier EPI scores. ers, and maximize the return on envi- for issue categories under the umbrella Third, while top EPI performers pay ronmental investments. The EPI offers a of environmental health, as building the attention to all areas of sustainability, powerful policy tool in support of efforts necessary infrastructure to provide clean their lagging peers tend to have uneven to meet the targets of the UN Sustainable drinking water and sanitation, reduce performance. Denmark, which ranks #1, Development Goals and to move society ambient air pollution, control hazardous has strong results across most issues toward a sustainable future. waste, and respond to public health crises and with leading-edge commitments and Overall EPI rankings indicate which yields large returns for human well-being. outcomes with regard to climate change countries are best addressing the envi- Second, the pursuit of economic mitigation. In general, high scorers exhibit ronmental challenges that every nation prosperity – manifested in industrializa- long-standing policies and programs to faces. Going beyond the aggregate scores tion and urbanization – often means more protect public health, preserve natural and drilling down into the data to analyze pollution and other strains on ecosystem resources, and decrease greenhouse gas performance by issue category, policy vitality, especially in the developing world, emissions. The data further suggest that objective, peer group, and country offers where air and water emissions remain countries making concerted efforts to even greater value for policymakers. This significant. But at the same time, the decarbonize their electricity sectors have granular view and comparative perspec- data suggest countries need not sacrifice made the greatest gains in combating cli- tive can assist in understanding the deter- sustainability for economic security or mate change, with associated benefits for minants of environmental progress and in vice versa. In every issue category, we find ecosystems and human health. We note, refining policy choices. countries that rise above their economic however, that every country – including peers. Policymakers and other stakehold- those at the top of the EPI rankings – still explaining performance ers in these leading countries demon- has issues to improve upon. No country A number of striking conclusions emerge strate that focused attention can mobilize can claim to be on a fully sustainable from the 2020 EPI rankings and indicators. communities to protect natural resources trajectory. First, good policy results are associated and human well-being despite the strains Fourth, laggards must redouble with wealth (GDP per capita), mean- associated with economic growth. In this national sustainability efforts along all ing that economic prosperity makes it regard, indicators of good governance fronts. A number of important countries possible for nations to invest in policies – including commitment to the rule of in the Global South, including and and programs that lead to desirable law, a vibrant press, and even-handed Nigeria, come out near the bottom of the enforcement of regulations – have strong rankings. Their low EPI scores indicate

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the need for greater attention to the ing, it also reveals a number of severe global pandemic spectrum of sustainability requirements, data gaps that limit the analytic scope The 2020 EPI emerges in the midst of with a high-priority focus on critical issues of the rankings. As the EPI project has the COVID-19 crisis that has challenged such as air and water quality, biodiversity, highlighted for two decades, better data public health systems and disrupted and climate change. Some of the other collection, reporting, and verification economic activity across the world. The laggards, including Nepal and Afghani- across a range of environmental issues global pandemic has made clear the pro- stan, face broader challenges such as civil are urgently needed. The existing gaps found interdependence of all nations and unrest, and their low scores can almost all are especially pronounced in the areas of the importance of investing in resilience. be attributed to weak governance. agriculture, water resources, and threats Unintended consequences of the eco- to biodiversity. New investments in stron- nomic shutdown in many nations include refining metrics ger global data systems are essential to a sharp drop in pollution levels and the Innovations in the 2020 EPI data and better manage sustainability challenges return of wildlife. The EPI team hopes methodology reflect the latest advances and to ensure that the global community that this unexpected glimpse of what a in environmental science and indicator does not breach fundamental planetary sustainable planet might look like from analysis. Notably, the 2020 rankings boundaries. an ecological perspective – albeit at a include for the first time a waste manage- The inability to capture transbound- terrible price in terms of public health and ment metric and a pilot indicator on CO2 ary environmental impacts persists as a economic damage – will inspire the policy emissions from land cover change. Other limitation of the current EPI framework. transformation required for a sustainable new indicators deepen the analysis of air While the current methodology reveals future that is both economically vigorous quality, biodiversity & habitat, fisheries, important insights into how countries and environmentally sound. ecosystem services, and climate change. perform within their own borders, it Full documentation of the methodology does not account for “exported” impacts creating a composite index is available online at epi.yale.edu, and the associated with imported products. With As a composite index, the Environmental EPI team invites feedback and sugges- groundbreaking models and new datasets Performance Index distills data on many tions for strengthening future versions of emerging, the EPI team has been working indicators of sustainability into a single the Index. to produce new metrics that account for number. Advances in scientific investiga- While the EPI provides a framework the spillovers of harm associated with tion, sensing methods, and data reporting for greater analytic rigor in policymak- traded goods in an interconnected world. mean the world’s access to data on the state of the environment has never been richer. With every iteration of the EPI, we seek the best available data to produce useful and credible scores that address urgent questions. For the 2020 EPI, we’ve assembled 32 indicators of environmental perfor- mance for 180 countries. The data come from trusted third-party sources like international governing bodies, nongov- ernmental organizations, and academic research centers. Credible datasets rely on established collection methods that have been peer-reviewed by the scientific community or endorsed by international authorities. To give our metrics meaning to a broad audience, we take the data we re- ceive and construct indicators on a 0–100 scale, from worst to best performance. For each country, we then weigh and aggregate the scores for indicators into issue categories, policy objectives, and then, finally, into an EPI score. Scores for all countries can be viewed or download- ed at our website, epi.yale.edu.

The 2020 EPI Framework. The framework organizes 32 indicators into 11 issue categories and two policy objectives, with weights shown at each level as a percentage of the total score.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-17 Environmental Performance Index

RANKRANK COUNTRY SCORESCORE REG REG RANKRANK COUNTRY COUNTRY SCORE REG REG RANKRANK COUNTRY COUNTRY SCORE REG REG

1 Denmark 82.5 1 61 Uruguay 49.1 9 120 Samoa 37.3 12 2 Luxembourg 82.3 2 62 Albania 49.0 16 122 Qatar 37.1 15 3 Switzerland 81.5 3 63 Antigua and Barbuda 48.5 10 123 Zimbabwe 37.0 11 4 81.3 4 64 Cuba 48.4 11 124 Central African Republic 36.9 12 5 France 80.0 5 St. Vincent and Grenadines 48.4 11 125 Dem. Rep. Congo 36.4 13 6 Austria 79.6 6 66 Jamaica 48.2 13 126 Guyana 35.9 30 7 78.9 7 67 Iran 48.0 6 127 Maldives 35.6 3 8 Sweden 78.7 8 68 Malaysia 47.9 6 Uganda 35.6 14 9 77.7 9 69 Trinidad and Tobago 47.5 14 129 Timor-Leste 35.3 14 10 Germany 77.2 10 70 Panama 47.3 15 130 Laos 34.8 15 11 Netherlands 75.3 11 71 Tunisia 46.7 7 Sudan 34.8 16 12 Japan 75.1 1 72 Azerbaijan 46.5 5 132 Kenya 34.7 15 13 Australia 74.9 12 73 Paraguay 46.4 16 Zambia 34.7 15 14 Spain 74.3 13 74 Dominican Republic 46.3 17 134 Ethiopia 34.4 17 15 Belgium 73.3 14 Montenegro 46.3 17 Fiji 34.4 16 16 Ireland 72.8 15 76 Gabon 45.8 2 136 Mozambique 33.9 18 17 Iceland 72.3 16 77 Barbados 45.6 18 137 Eswatini 33.8 19 18 Slovenia 72.0 1 78 Bosnia and Herzegovina 45.4 18 Rwanda 33.8 19 19 New Zealand 71.3 17 Lebanon 45.4 8 139 Cambodia 33.6 17 20 Canada 71.0 18 Thailand 45.4 7 Cameroon 33.6 21 Czech Republic 71.0 2 81 Suriname 45.2 19 141 Viet Nam 33.4 18 71.0 18 82 Mauritius 45.1 3 142 Pakistan 33.1 4 23 Malta 70.7 20 Tonga 45.1 8 143 Micronesia 33.0 19 24 United States of America 69.3 21 84 Algeria 44.8 9 144 Cabo Verde 32.8 22 25 Greece 69.1 3 85 Kazakhstan 44.7 6 145 Nepal 32.7 5 26 Slovakia 68.3 4 86 Dominica 44.6 20 146 Papua New Guinea 32.4 20 27 Portugal 67.0 22 87 Moldova 44.4 7 147 Mongolia 32.2 21 28 66.5 2 88 Bolivia 44.3 21 148 Comoros 32.1 23 29 Israel 65.8 1 Uzbekistan 44.3 8 149 Guatemala 31.8 31 30 Estonia 65.3 5 90 Peru 44.0 22 150 Tanzania 31.1 24 31 Cyprus 64.8 6 Saudi Arabia 44.0 10 151 Nigeria 31.0 25 32 Romania 64.7 7 92 Turkmenistan 43.9 9 152 Marshall Islands 30.8 22 33 Hungary 63.7 8 93 Bahamas 43.5 23 Niger 30.8 26 34 Croatia 63.1 9 94 Egypt 43.3 11 Republic of Congo 30.8 26 35 Lithuania 62.9 10 95 El Salvador 43.1 24 155 Senegal 30.7 28 36 Latvia 61.6 11 Grenada 43.1 24 156 Eritrea 30.4 29 37 Poland 60.9 12 Saint Lucia 43.1 24 157 Benin 30.0 30 38 Seychelles 58.2 1 South Africa 43.1 4 158 Angola 29.7 31 39 Singapore 58.1 3 99 Turkey 42.6 19 159 Togo 29.5 32 40 Taiwan 57.2 4 100 Morocco 42.3 12 160 Mali 29.4 33 41 Bulgaria 57.0 13 101 Belize 41.9 27 161 Guinea-Bissau 29.1 34 42 United Arab Emirates 55.6 2 102 Georgia 41.3 10 162 29.0 6 43 North Macedonia 55.4 14 103 Botswana 40.4 5 163 Vanuatu 28.9 23 44 Chile 55.3 1 104 Namibia 40.2 6 164 Djibouti 28.1 35 45 Serbia 55.2 15 105 Kyrgyzstan 39.8 11 165 Lesotho 28.0 36 46 Brunei Darussalam 54.8 5 106 Iraq 39.5 13 166 Gambia 27.9 37 47 Kuwait 53.6 3 107 Bhutan 39.3 1 167 Mauritania 27.7 38 48 Jordan 53.4 4 108 Nicaragua 39.2 28 168 Ghana 27.6 39 49 Belarus 53.0 1 109 39.0 2 India 27.6 7 50 Colombia 52.9 2 110 Oman 38.5 14 170 Burundi 27.0 40 51 Mexico 52.6 3 111 Philippines 38.4 9 Haiti 27.0 32 52 Costa Rica 52.5 4 112 Burkina Faso 38.3 7 172 Chad 26.7 41 53 Armenia 52.3 2 Malawi 38.3 7 Solomon Islands 26.7 24 54 Argentina 52.2 5 114 Tajikistan 38.2 12 174 Madagascar 26.5 42 55 51.2 6 115 Equatorial Guinea 38.1 9 175 Guinea 26.4 43 56 Bahrain 51.0 5 116 Honduras 37.8 29 176 Côte d'Ivoire 25.8 44 Ecuador 51.0 7 Indonesia 37.8 10 177 Sierra Leone 25.7 45 58 50.5 3 118 Kiribati 37.7 11 178 Afghanistan 25.5 8 59 Venezuela 50.3 8 119 São Tomé and Príncipe 37.6 10 179 Myanmar 25.1 25 60 Ukraine 49.5 4 120 China 37.3 12 180 Liberia 22.6 46

Asia-Pacific Former Soviet States Greater Middle East Southern Asia Eastern Europe Global West Latin America & Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa

Rank, EPI Score, and Regional Standing (REG, shown in color) Wendling, Z.A., Emerson, J.W., de Sherbinin, A., Esty, D.C., et al. (2020). for 180 countries. 2020 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for FSC logo Environmental Law & Policy. epi.yale.edu © 2020 Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy

Wendling, Z. A., Emerson, J. W., de Sherbinin, A., Esty, D. C., et al. (2020). 2020 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environ- mental Law & Policy. epi.yale.edu. Readers may also be interested in The Urban Environment and Social Inclusion Index (UESI) available at https://datadrivenlab.org/urban.

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Plans at a glance Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) is the lead federal department for strategic action on a wide range of environmental matters, including action on clean growth and climate change, preventing and managing pollution, conserving nature, and predicting weather and environmental conditions. The Department’s program focus reflects the interdependence of environmental sustainability and economic well-being. ECCC works in partnership with provincial, territorial and municipal governments and Indigenous partners, communities and governments and aligns with the Government of Canada’s approach of openness, effectiveness and transparency in government.

Taking Action on Clean Growth and Climate Change

In 2020 and beyond, the Department continues to lead a whole of government plan for climate change, focused on achieving a cleaner environment and a sustainable economy. This entails the implementation of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, while strengthening greenhouse gas reducing measures to meet and exceed Canada’s 2030 emissions reduction goal, and lead government-wide efforts to set Canada on a path to achieve a prosperous net-zero emissions future by 2050.

The Department will continue implementation of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, to set a price on carbon pollution that creates incentives for individuals, households and businesses to choose cleaner options, including green technology—with proceeds returned to the jurisdiction of origin.

The Department will also continue the implementation of the Climate Action Incentive Fund, the Low Carbon Economy Fund and the Climate Action Fund to encourage and facilitate action by industry and consumers to take action to reduce emissions and shift to cleaner technologies and practices.

The Department’s will lay the ground work for more ambitious climate actions by setting legally binding, five-year emissions-reduction milestones—based on the advice of experts and consultations with Canadians—and will also work with Innovation, Science and Industry Canada, Transport Canada and Natural Resources Canada to advance zero-emission vehicles targets of 10 per cent of light-duty vehicle sales per year by 2025, 30% by 2030, and 100% by 2040. It will also entail working with Innovation, Science and Industry Canada and Natural Resources Canada to position Canada as a global leader in clean technology.

This will be complemented by actions including a clean fuel standard and regulations, continued implementation of regulations to reduce methane emissions and certain Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from the oil and gas sector, amendments to coal-fired and natural gas-fired electricity generation regulations, and other regulatory measures to reduce emissions.

Preventing and Managing Pollution

In 2020, ECCC will support its Minister in working with the Minister of Health to better protect people and the environment from toxic substances and other pollution, including working towards strengthening the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

Following through on the Government of Canada’s leadership with The Ocean Plastics Charter—launched under Canada’s 2018 G7 Presidency—the Department will implement the plan to ban harmful single-use plastics, and take steps toward eliminating plastic pollution in Canada, as a cornerstone of its Zero Plastic Waste Initiative. ECCC will work with provinces and territories to develop national targets, standards and regulations that will make companies that manufacture plastic products or sell items with plastic packaging responsible for collecting and recycling them.

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The Department will also continue to protect the environment and Canadians from harmful substances by delivering Canada’s Chemicals Management Plan with Health Canada. Reducing harmful emissions will continue to be a priority for ECCC in 2020 and beyond, and the Department will continue working with provinces and territories to implement the Air Quality Management System and to pursue measures that improve air quality.

ECCC will develop further protections and take steps to clean up the Great Lakes, Lake and other large lakes and the St. Lawrence River watershed, and will work with Transport Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada to implement the Oceans Protection Plan. In collaboration with the Government of Alberta, the Department will monitor oil sands to ensure they are developed in an environmentally and socially responsible manner.

Conserving Nature

Building on the momentum of its recent nature conservation efforts under the $1.3 billion Canada’s Nature Legacy initiative, ECCC will work with the Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Parks Canada Agency to introduce an ambitious new plan to conserve 25% of Canada’s land and 25% of Canada’s oceans by 2025, and work toward 30% of each by 2030. The plan will be grounded in science, Indigenous knowledge and local perspectives, and will be complemented by ECCC’s advocacy at international gatherings that countries around the world also set a 30% conservation goal for 2030.

The Department will promote and support actions to protect and conserve areas of high ecological and biodiversity value, including National Wildlife Areas, Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas, provincial, territorial and municipal parks, and conservation actions by non-government organizations and foundations. ECCC will also continue to implement the Pan-Canadian Approach to Transforming Species at Risk Conservation in Canada, with a focus on multi-species and ecosystem-based approaches, and more targeted planning and action on priority places, species and sectors. Partnerships with Indigenous peoples will feature prominently in this work.

The Department will continue to work to protect biodiversity and species at risk, while engaging with provinces, territories, Indigenous communities, scientists, industry and other stakeholders to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing Species at Risk Act and assess the need for modernization.

Predicting Weather and Environmental Conditions

ECCC will continue to implement its leading-edge approach to weather data management, analysis and innovative information techniques to provide Canadians with accurate and timely information to make health, safety and business decisions. The Canadian Weather Radar Replacement Program will see seven new radars replace outdated technology, as the primary tools used by meteorologists to forecast short- term severe weather events associated with thunderstorms, tornadoes, ice storms and blizzards. ECCC’s National Hydrologic Service will modernize and strengthen its engineering and technical capacity, modernize its water stations and infrastructure, and put in place new technologies to gather and analyze water data.

For more information on Environment and Climate Change Canada’s plans, priorities and planned results, see the “Planned results and resources” section of this report.

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Core Responsibilities

Planned results and resources, and key risks, for core responsibilities

Core Responsibility: Taking Action on Clean Growth and Climate Change

Description

Through engagement with other federal departments and agencies, provinces, territories, Indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders, and external experts, the Department will support and coordinate the implementation of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (PCF); work to reduce Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; drive clean growth; develop regulatory instruments; support businesses and Canadians to adapt and become more resilient to climate change; and contribute to international climate change actions to increase global benefits.

Planning highlights

Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change

Climate change is the defining issue of our time. ECCC recognizes the seriousness of this issue and will continue to take ambitious action to reduce Canada’s greenhouse gases (GHG) and other harmful emissions.

In 2016, governments, Canadians, and Indigenous peoples came together to inform and develop the country’s first national climate plan. The Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (PCF) is Canada’s plan to reduce GHGs to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 and position Canada to be competitive in the clean economy. As a result of the PCF, the 2019 GHG and Air Pollutant Emission Projections Report shows that Canada’s emissions are projected to be 227 million tonnes (Mt) below what was projected in 2015. Canada's Fourth Biennial Report on Climate Changei, submitted to the UNFCCC on December 31, 2019, projects an overall decline in Canada’s GHG emissions over the next 11 years. A wide range of policies, programs and investments implemented under Canada’s climate plan have led to the biggest improvement to Canada’s emissions outlooks relative to pre-PCF projections encompassing all economic sectors, and demonstrating the effectiveness of Canada’s climate plan.

However, science indicates that more action is needed. That is why the Government of Canada has announced its intent to meet and exceed Canada’s 2030 Paris Agreement target and begin work so that Canada can achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. In 2020-21, ECCC will lay the groundwork for more ambitious climate action by continuing to implement the PCF, working with our partners to strengthen existing and identify new greenhouse gas reductions measures, as well as setting legally binding, five-year emissions-reduction milestones based on advice from experts and consultations with Canadians.

In 2020-2021, ECCC will continue its partnership and constructive dialogue with First Nations, Inuit, and the Métis to inform the designs of policies and program to reflect and advance Indigenous peoples’ clean growth and climate change priorities. These partnerships are vital to the successful implementation of the PCF and to the success of future climate change activities.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-21 Environment & Climate Change 2020-21 Departmental Plan

Expanding Climate Action

The effects of climate change are already being felt across Canada and around the world. The science is clear that more climate action is Integrating science, sharing data required. The IPCC’s Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C (October 2018) called for net-zero emissions by 2050 to avoid the Canada’s climate is changing. Climate information is needed to plan worst consequences of climate change. As a result, building on the for change and to reduce risks to ongoing implementation of the PCF, the Government of Canada is Canadians. To ensure the right committed to exceeding Canada’s current 2030 emissions reduction audience has access to the right tools, target and develop a plan to achieving a net-zero emissions the Canadian Centre for Climate economy by 2050. Services (CCCS) will continue to support a suite of climate data portals The Government of Canada recognizes that net-zero means doing including climatedata.ca. Launched things in a different way. Technology and innovation will be a huge in 2019, climatedata.ca is a collaboration between CCCS, climate part of the solution and also lead to new business opportunities for service providers in Canada, and Canadians. Consultations with Canadians will also be critical. leading-edge technology developers. Together, the climate data portals Carbon Pricing share climate information with a wide variety of users, including engineers, A price on carbon pollutionii across Canada that creates incentives public health professionals, urban planners, and others who benefit from for individuals, households, and businesses to choose cleaner options access to climate change information, including green technology with proceeds returned to the jurisdiction data, resources and tools. In 2020-21, of origin. Under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, the federal efforts will focus on new sectors and carbon pollution pricing system has two parts: a regulatory charge on training material as well as enhancing fossil fuels (the fuel charge); and a performance-based pricing system functionality. for industrial facilities, known as the output-based pricing system (OBPS). The system applies in those provinces and territories that requested it or that did not have their own system that meets the federal benchmark stringency criteria. The OBPS is designed to put a price on carbon pollution from industry while maintaining their competitive position relative to international peers and reducing the risk of carbon leakage. The OBPS enables emissions trading and use of GHG offset credits.

Strengthening the regulatory agenda

The clean fuel standardiii is aimed at reducing emissions from liquid, gaseous, and solid fuels used in transportation, buildings, and industry. The objectives of the clean fuel standard are to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, create an incentive for investment and innovation in low carbon fuels and technology, and reduce compliance costs through a flexible regulatory design. ECCC will publish the proposed regulations for liquid fuels class in 2020, and intends to bring liquid class regulations into force in 2022, followed by regulations for the gaseous and solid classes in 2023.

The Department will continue to implement regulations reducing the release of methane and certain Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from the upstream oil and gas sector that aim to reduce methane emissions by about 20 Mt by 2025 relative to the estimated 2012 levels of 45 Mt CO2e. ECCC will also implement amendments to coal-fired electricity generation regulations that will reduce GHG emissions by 12.8 Mt in 2030, as well as natural gas-fired electricity generation regulations.

The Department will also implement regulations amending the Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine GHG Emission Regulations that are projected to reduce GHG emissions by approximately 6 Mt annually, starting in 2030. To help inform options to reduce emissions from light-duty vehicles, ECCC will finalize and publish Canada’s Mid-term Evaluation on standards for model years 2022 to 2025 under the light-duty vehicle GHG regulations.

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The Department will continue to implement Canada’s Strategy on Short-lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPS). SLCPs are a group of potent GHGs and air pollutants including black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons and ground-level ozone, which contribute to climate warming and can affect air quality. In 2020-21, ECCC will publish a progress report on commitments under the SLCP Strategy and continue to advance domestic and international work to reduce SLCP emissions.

In 2020-21, ECCC will release a National Climate Change Science and Knowledge Plan to support the delivery of the PCF. It will support better coordination and strategic investments for all Canadian science and knowledge actors.

ECCC will continue laying the groundwork towards Canada’s zero emission vehicle targets of 10 per cent light-duty vehicle sales by 2025, 30 per cent by 2030 and 100 per cent by 2040. This work will be done in collaboration with Innovation, Science and Industry Canada, Natural Resources Canada and Transport Canada.

Climate Action Incentive Fund

Under the carbon pollution pricing system, approximately 90% of proceeds from the fuel charge in provinces will be returned directly to individuals and households through Climate Action Incentive payments when they file their tax returns. The remainder of the revenues will be devoted to federal programming, including the Climate Action Incentive Fund (CAIF) that will support small- and medium-sized businesses, as well as municipalities, universities, colleges, schools, hospitals, not-for-profit organizations, and Indigenous peoples in advancing energy efficiency and carbon-reduction projects.

Low Carbon Economy Fund

To support actions under the PCF, ECCC will continue to implement the $2 billion Low Carbon Economy Fundiv. The Department will continue to work with provinces and territories under the Leadership Fund to identify further opportunities for partnership to leverage investments in projects that will generate clean growth, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and help meet or exceed Canada’s Paris Agreement commitments. ECCC is investing $500 million under the Challenge to support GHG reduction projects administered by provinces and territories, municipalities, Indigenous communities and organizations, businesses, and not-for-profit organizations. For example, ECCC is providing funding to the University of Calgary to perform energy retrofits allowing for greater energy efficiency and heat recovery that will reduce GHG emissions by 12,750 tonnes CO2e. Further, a project to enable the expansion of Regina’s landfill gas collection system with new infrastructure will allow the increased collection and combustion of methane/landfill gas onsite.

Climate Action Fund

ECCC will continue to implement the $3 million Climate Action Fund, which supports projects delivered by students, youth, Indigenous peoples and organizations, not-for-profit organizations, small- and medium-sized enterprises, and research and educational institutions, that are designed to raise awareness of climate change and clean growth, and encourage others to take action. For example, the Department will support the Saskatchewan Environmental Society’s Saskatchewan Low Carbon Stories project, which will engage local farmers, young people, Indigenous communities, and economic developers across the province and share their low-carbon business solutions in rural Saskatchewan.

International Climate Action

ECCC will continue its leadership role in working with international partners to advance the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, which Canada ratified in October 2016, towards increasing the global response to climate change. ECCC led Canada’s participation at COP 25 in December 2019 in Madrid, Spain to continue advancing implementation of the Paris Agreement and to promote clean

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-23 Environment & Climate Change 2020-21 Departmental Plan

growth and the integration of efforts on climate, oceans and nature. Going forward—including in the lead up to COP 26 in November 2020—Canada will continue to engage internationally to advance ambitious and inclusive climate action. This includes by ensuring Indigenous peoples are engaged in developing international climate policy, and by promoting gender equality and the role of women in climate action around the world. Canada will also remain steadfast in its efforts to ensure that international market mechanisms are guided by a robust set of rules and operate with environmental integrity.

ECCC will continue to support developing countries transition to resilient, low-carbon economies, including by working closely with Global Affairs Canada to deliver Canada’s climate finance commitment of $2.65 billion by March 2021. Canada’s climate finance is delivered through various multilateral and bilateral initiatives, including the Green Climate Fund. Funds will target sectors such as clean technology and renewable energy, climate-smart agriculture and forest management, and risk insurance and capacity building, with special consideration for the poorest and most vulnerable developing countries. Canada’s climate finance is consistent with its feminist international assistance policyv to promote gender equality and help empower all women and girls.

Clean growth and climate change in trade agreements

Canada seeks to include ambitious, comprehensive, and enforceable provisions on environment in its free- trade agreements. This includes obligations to maintain robust environmental governance as trade and investment are liberalized, as well as commitments on a range of global environmental issues, including illegal wildlife trade, sustainable fisheries and forestry management, and climate change. These commitments are being implemented as part of agreements with key trading partners, including the United States, Mexico, the and countries party to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

United Nations’ 2030 Agenda1 and Sustainable Development Goalsvi In defining a whole of government view of federal environmental sustainability commitments and actions, the 2019-2022 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, developed and coordinated by ECCC, supports Canada’s overall response to the 2030 Agenda. ECCC’s continued implementation of activities in support of its core responsibility for Taking Action on Clean Growth and Climate Change, will directly contribute to the achievement of numerous sustainable development goals. For example, pricing carbon pollution and the associated regulations will comprehensively and directly combat climate change and its impacts by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and stimulating investments in clean innovation (Goal 13vii), while initiatives such as climate action incentives and partnership funding will promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth (Goal 8viii). Supporting resilient infrastructure and innovative and inclusive approaches to industrial development will be achieved through LCEF incentives (Goal 9ix), which will also foster sustainable business and employment opportunities and consumption practices (Goal 1x and Goal 12xi). Taken together, numerous ECCC initiatives to reduce harmful emissions and to track and respond to pollutant releases will help protect human health and the environment.

When considered together, ECCC initiatives represent a comprehensive approach to facilitate Canada’s shift to a low carbon economy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, achieve clean and sustainable growth, and promote innovation in industrial technologies and processes that will create sustainable industries and jobs and enhance Canada’s competitiveness. ECCC’s programs will also help regions and communities plan for, and adapt to, the impacts of climate change, so as to mitigate threats to health, safety and well-being.

1 In 2015, all United Nations (UN) member states came together and adopted Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. At its heart are 17 Sustainable Development Goals that encompass key social, economic, and environmental challenges.

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Core Responsibility: Preventing and Managing Pollution

Description

Collaborate with provinces, territories, Indigenous peoples and others to develop and administer environmental standards, guidelines, regulations and risk management instruments to reduce releases and monitor levels of contaminants in air, water and soil; and promote and enforce compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

Planning highlights

Reaching Zero Plastic Waste

The Government of Canada has taken a leadership position in addressing plastic waste both nationally and internationally. As of December 2019, the Ocean Plastics Charterxii, launched under Canada’s 2018 G7 presidency, is supported by 25 countries and over 60 businesses and organizations globally. Environment and Climate Change Canada is leading the Federal Leadership Towards Zero Plastic Waste initiative, a comprehensive federal agenda that aims to increase the knowledge and evidence base about plastic waste and pollution, and to support targeted actions to affect change at each stage of the plastics lifecycle.

Targeted federal actions include advancing regulatory Figure 1: Main areas of action for a circular plastics economy in Canada action to ban harmful single-use plastics when supported by science and where warranted and work with provinces and territories to develop national targets and standards to require companies that manufacture plastic products or packaging are responsible for collecting and recycling them.

To eliminate plastic pollution, ECCC will be providing funding through the Zero Plastic Waste Initiative (ZPWI) for projects that mobilize Canadians to capture and remove plastic pollution or prevent plastic waste from entering the environment and capture and remove plastic pollution from the environment. The ZPWI aims to affect change within and across the plastics lifecycle to increase collection, improve value recovery, and prevent and remove plastic pollution. The initiative supports projects that use an innovative and ecosystem approach that leads to measurable, positive impacts to reduce plastic waste and pollution in Canada.

In 2020-21, ECCC will continue to collaborate with industry and other partners to achieve Canada’s ambitious goals of 100% reusable, recyclable or recoverable plastics by 2030, and increasing recycled content in plastic products where applicable by at least 50% by 2030. A Plastics Innovation Challenge intended to spur innovative solutions related to food packaging, construction waste, and the separation of plastics for recycling will fund the development of three prototypes. Demonstration projects and voluntary agreements in key industry sectors will be developed to advance the implementation of solutions to reduce plastic waste and increase their recovery.

Work with the provinces and territories to implement the Canada-Wide Strategy on Zero Plastic Wastexiii will also continue. The Phase I Action Planxiv was approved by Environment Ministers in June 2019 and implementation is underway. The development of Phase II will be completed in 2020. Further information on ECCC’s work on plastic waste and pollution can be found on the zero plastic waste websitexv.

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In 2020-21, Canada will host the World Circular Economy Forum 2020, co-organized by ECCC, on behalf of the Government of Canada, and the Finnish innovation fund Sitra. The World Circular Economy Forum is a global event that brings together leaders, businesses, policymakers, and experts to present solutions for a circular economy. The 2020 forum will provide a global platform for national and international discussions on new business models that use our natural resources more efficiently, minimize waste and pollution, and accelerate the transition to a clean economy.

Protecting the environment and Canadians from harmful substances

To protect the environment and Canadians from harmful substances, ECCC will continue to deliver Canada’s Chemicals Management Planxvi with Health Canada. As of the fall of 2018, the two departments had addressed 3,621 of 4,363 chemicals identified in 2006 as priorities for attention, with the remaining 679 priority chemicals to be addressed as required by the end of FY 2020–21. ECCC and Health Canada will continue their work to set new directions and objectives for managing chemicals beyond 2020, and to support greater transparency and public participation in the notification and risk assessments of new substances and organisms through the New Substances Voluntary Public Engagement Transparency Initiativexvii. ECCC is committed to continuous improvement and will work with Health Canada to better protect people and the environment from harmful substances, including through strengthening the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (CEPA).

Oil sands monitoring

ECCC will continue to collaborate with the Government of Alberta to ensure oil sands in Alberta are developed and monitored in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. The terms of a 2017 memorandum of understanding renewed both governments’ commitment to use a collective approach that includes Indigenous communities, industry, and governments in its Oil Sands Monitoring (OSM) program. The OSM program is funded by industry through Alberta’s Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act. ECCC will continue to be actively engaged in the OSM program through participation in its governance and by providing scientific expertise, laboratory infrastructure, and leadership to monitoring that considers the impact of oil sands development on air, water, land and biodiversity.

Protecting whales from contaminants Law Enforcement To protect endangered whales, ECCC will continue to increase ECCC continues to move toward a research, strengthen regulatory control and enhance risk-based approach to enforcing enforcement of environmental regulations to reduce federal environmental laws that contaminants affecting endangered whales, including the protect the environment and human Southern Resident Killer Whale and the St. Lawrence Estuary health. ECCC is working closely with Beluga. The Department has proposed amendments to the partners, including provinces and territories, other federal departments, Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations 2012 that as well as foreign law enforcement would remove exemptions (flame retardants and oil and water agencies, to protect the environment repellents) for five already prohibited substances, and prohibit and human health. two additional substances (flame retardants) that pose a danger to these species.

Reducing air pollution and improving air quality

Air pollution remains a significant global risk to human health and the environment. Improving air quality in collaboration with partners by reducing harmful emissions will continue to be a priority for ECCC in 2020-21. The Department’s efforts will include working with provinces and territories to implement the Air Quality Management System (AQMS). For example, the Department will review the national ambient air quality standard for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) to encourage continuous improvement in air quality. In 2020 the Department will publish the final volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations for the petroleum sector and will continue to develop and implement regulations on emissions from off-road compression-ignition and large spark ignition engines. ECCC will also continue its global efforts to reduce transboundary air pollutants, including under the Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement and the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

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The Multi-sector Air Pollutants Regulations (MSAPR), designed to reduce air pollution from industrial boilers and heaters, cement manufacturing, and stationary spark-ignition engines, were published in June 2016. ECCC will continue to administer the MSAPR, as well as various non-regulatory instruments to reduce air pollution. The Department will also finalize an on-line reporting system for the Multi-sector Air Pollutant Regulation for stationary spark-ignition engines. In addition, ECCC will publish the final Off-Road Compression-Ignition (Mobile and Stationary) and Large Spark-Ignition Engine emission regulations, implement Tier 3 under the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulation, and implement amendments to the Off-Road Small Spark-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations, which came into force on March 22, 2018.

Protecting Canada’s freshwater resources

In 2020-21, ECCC will continue to focus efforts on the health of Restoring Hamilton Harbour some of Canada’s important freshwater resources: Great Lakes, ECCC continued to collaborate with Lake Winnipeg, and the St. Lawrence River watersheds. the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, In the Great Lakes Basin, home to one in three Canadians (and Stelco, Hamilton-Oshawa Port one in ten Americans), ECCC will build on progress achieved Authority, City of Hamilton, City of through Canada-United States collaboration to restore and Burlington, and Halton Region to protect the Lakes and their significant environmental and clean up the Hamilton Harbour Area economic benefits to both countries. Under the Great Lakes of Concern. Dredging and containing Water Quality Agreement, the two nations have made contaminated sediments within a six- hectare, double-walled engineered significant progress in addressing long-standing environmental containment facility will be finished in xviii degradation in Areas of Concern (which are identified as 2020-21. The next step is to install an having experienced high levels of environmental harm), and the environmental cap on top of the spread of toxic and nuisance algae, particularly in the Lake Erie engineered containment facility basin. The 2019 Progress Report of the Partiesxix reports on which will be finished by 2022-23. progress and points to future priorities. Draft priorities for science Once completed, the site will be and action were open for public comment (summer 2019) and, turned over to the Hamilton-Oshawa once finalized, will guide the work of the governments of both Port Authority, which will maintain the facility in perpetuity and use the site countries for the next three years. as valuable port land.

A new Canada-Ontario Agreement on Great Lakes Water Quality and Ecosystem Health will be finalized in 2020. It will align with Canada’s commitments under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement by addressing key challenges in the Lakes (such as algae in Lake Erie) and focusing action on improving wastewater and stormwater management, reducing pollution (such as chemical pollution and plastic waste), protecting the more than 3,500 species living in the Basin, and addressing invasive species and climate resilience. Funding announced in 2019 ($1 million over three years) for ten new partner-led projects – including one that will create and restore aquatic habitats in the bays and coastal wetlands of Toronto’s Tommy Thompson Park – will advance efforts to address priority areas under the Great Lakes Protection Initiative.

Lake Winnipeg is Canada’s sixth-largest lake and has a basin that drains water from four provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario) and four states (Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota). Lake Winnipeg is an important freshwater resource that generates millions of dollars in revenue through hydroelectricity, recreation and commercial freshwater fishing. It is also a significant cultural, social, and economic resource for Indigenous Peoples and communities. Through the Lake Winnipeg Basin Program, ECCC will continue to support nutrient-reduction efforts, basin-wide collaboration, and engage Indigenous Peoples on freshwater issues. Actions funded through the Lake Winnipeg Basin Program (2017- 2022) that reduce nutrient loading to the lake include wetland restoration and water retention. A key priority for 2020-21 is the renewal of the Canada-Manitoba Memorandum of Understanding Respecting Lake Winnipeg and the Lake Winnipeg Basin, which facilitates important collaboration in support of the long-term management of this key freshwater resource.

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The St. Lawrence River is recognized worldwide, as reflected in the Ramsar Convention10 designations of its four Wetlands of International Importance, as well as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designations of the Lac Saint-Pierre Biosphere Reserve and the Miguasha National Park World Heritage Site. The Department will continue its priority work under the Canada-Québec Agreement on the St. Lawrence (St. Lawrence Action Plan 2011-2026) to conserve, restore, protect, and develop this major river. ECCC will continue its monitoring program, with the results of 21 indicators of water quality to be published in 2020-21.

To protect and conserve freshwater resources across Canada, ECCC will support new EcoAction Community Funding Program projects – community-driven initiatives that will divert and reduce harmful substances, improve freshwater management, and increase climate resilience through action involving the development and/or restoration of natural infrastructure.

In other major basins, such as the Saint John River (Wԥlastԥkw) watershed, the Department will continue efforts to increase coordination and collaboration with other government departments, Indigenous people, and stakeholders to identify and advance water quality and ecosystem priorities, goals, and objectives.

To further protect Canada’s freshwater resources, ECCC will advance amendments to the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations that will strengthen protections. ECCC plans to publish proposed Coal Mining Effluent Regulations, which will be published for consultations, and to initiate preliminary consultations to advance the development of a new Oil Sands Effluent Regulations.

With the support of Agriculture Canada and Agri-Food Canada, ECCC we will explore ways to create a new Canada Water Agency, which will work with provinces, territories, indigenous communities, local communities and others to build on existing work and find the best solutions for maintaining safe, clean, and well-managed water resources.

Protecting coastlines and oceans

ECCC will continue to be a key partner in Canada’s $1.5 billion Oceans Protection Plan (OPP), led by Transport Canada, to build a world-leading marine safety system and strengthen stewardship of Canada’s oceans and coasts. The Department’s major contribution is the provision of expertise in ocean modelling, spill behaviour, and other scientific advice to support improved prevention, emergency planning, and response to oil spills. ECCC will also continue its ongoing contribution of weather and environmental data to support healthier and safer coasts.

Strengthening sustainable development across the Government of Canada

ECCC is responsible for leading the development of a federal strategy for sustainable development every three years. The 2019-2022 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, tabled on June 19, 2019, sets out federal priorities, goals, and targets, as well as the actions to achieve them. ECCC’s Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators program supports this work through data and information that tracks Canada's performance on key environmental sustainability issues including climate change and air quality, water quality and availability, and protecting nature. An Act to Amend the Federal Sustainable Development Act will come into force on December 1, 2020, and will expand the number of federal organizations required to report on their sustainable development activities from 26 to more than 90.

10 The Ramsar Convention was adopted as the first of the modern global nature conservation conventions. It is a highly regarded and active multilateral environmental agreement. The mission of the Ramsar Convention is the wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world. Canada joined the Convention in 1981. It is named after Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.

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United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goalsxx

The diverse programs and strategies under ECCC’s core responsibility for Preventing and Managing Pollution will contribute very substantially to more than half of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Continued enforcement of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 and key provisions of the Fisheries Act, coupled with the implementation of the Chemicals Management Plan and advancement of regulations to protect air and water quality and promote clean fuels, will support healthy lives and well-being for all (Goal 3xxi), while also advancing sustainable management of water and sanitation (Goal 6xxii), promoting sustainable production and consumption practices (Goal 12xxiii) and fighting climate change (Goal 13xxiv).

Through implementation of domestic and international measures focused on responsible management of waste, protection of oceans, and the elimination and reduction of plastics in the environment, ECCC will support sustainable use of marine resources (Goal 14xxv) and promote inclusive approaches to sustainable development, industrialization and urbanization (Goal 8xxvi, Goal 9xxvii, Goal 11xxviii, Goal 15xxix, and Goal 16xxx). ECCC will also continue to be an active partner and leader in global action on pollution prevention and management (Goal 17xxxi).

Planned results for Preventing and Managing Pollution

Departmental Result: Canadians have clean air

Departmental result indicator Target Date to 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 achieve target actual result actual result actual result

Percentage of Canadians living in areas 85% 2030 64% for the 70% for the 77% for the where air quality standards are 2012–14 data 2013-15 data 2014–16 achieved period. period. data period (most recent available).11

Departmental Result: Canadians have clean water

Departmental result indicator Target Date to 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 achieve target actual result actual result actual result

Percentage of wastewater systems 100% 2040 77% 76% 77% where effluent quality standards are achieved

Departmental Result: The Canadian environment is protected from harmful substances

Departmental result indicator Target Date to 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 achieve target actual result actual result actual result

Percentage of substances that are 100% March 31, Not available. added to Schedule 1 of the CEPA (Toxic 2021 This indicator is being retired and replaced substances list) because they pose a risk with a new indicator. to the environment that have controls in First results for the new indicator will be place within legislated timelines. reported for the 2019–20 fiscal year.

11 Air quality monitoring results are subject to data validation and are available 18-24 months after data collection. In the 2018–19 and 2019–20 Departmental Plans, data were reported in the year the data were collected.

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Core Responsibility: Conserving Nature

Description

Protect and recover species at risk and their critical habitat; conserve and protect healthy populations of migratory birds; engage and enable provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples, stakeholders, and the public to increase protected areas and contribute to conservation and stewardship activities; expand and manage the Department’s protected areas; and collaborate with domestic and international partners to advance the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development.

Planning highlights

Conserving land, inland waters and coastal and marine areas

ECCC will continue its ambitious work toward the protection and conservation of 17% of terrestrial areas and inland water and 10% of marine and coastal areas by the end of 2020. The Department will continue to lead the Government of Canada’s efforts to strengthen its commitment to nature and its conservation goals.

Canada made a historic investment of $1.3 billion over five years (Budget 2018) under Canada’s Nature Legacy Initiativexxxii, part of which provided $500 million, matched by partners, to establish the Canada Nature Fundxxxiii. Programs under the Canada Nature Fund will expand a connected network of protected and conserved areas across Canada. They include: ƒ The Pathway to Canada Target 1 Challenge program, which provides up to $175 million to support the implementation of new conservation projects across all provinces and territories. ƒ The Natural Heritage Conservation Program, which launched in April 2019, provides a $100 million investment to help protect private lands.

Looking ahead, the federal Government intends to conserve 25% of lands and oceans by 2025 and work toward 30% by 2030. ECCC and Parks Canada Agency (PCA) will work with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) to develop an ambitious plan to achieve these targets. Recognizing that the loss of nature is a global issue requiring global action, Canada will advocate that countries around the world set a 30% conservation goal for 2030 as well.

ECCC will collaborate with local partners, such as communities, Indigenous peoples and environmental organizations, to meet its conservation goals. Some examples of the diverse partnerships and approaches in which ECCC will engage in 2020-21 include collaboration with:

ƒ the Ktunaxa Nation Council Society, which is one of the many Indigenous proponents ECCC is supporting to create an Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area (IPCA). Under the Target 1 Challenge, they received $16 million over four years to lead the creation of an IPCA in the Qat’muk area, which includes the Jumbo Valley in the Purcell Mountains. This IPCA will conserve and protect habitat for wildlife including grizzly bear (western population), whitebark pine, and Southern Mountain caribou critical habitat, all of which are species at risk

ƒ DFO and the Montreal Port Authority to designate a group of 27 islands in the St. Lawrence River as National Wildlife Areas. The islands are in a geographic corridor heavily used by migratory birds and provide important habitat for species at risk, including the Least Bittern and Short-eared Owl.

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ƒ the Government of Yukon and First Nations to support the Peel Watershed Regional Land-Use Plan, which creates new protected and conserved areas to safeguard the watershed and the wildlife that call it home. The Peel Watershed is home to 15 species at risk, including both the barren ground and boreal caribou. ƒ ECCC will implement an improved risk-based approach to enforcing federal wildlife laws that protect species at risk, protected areas, migratory birds as well as wild plants and animals in international and interprovincial trade. ECCC will continue to work closely with provinces and territories, other federal departments as well as foreign law enforcement agencies and intergovernmental organizations to protect domestic species as well as exotic species in Canadian commerce. Global wildlife crime, including poaching, smuggling, and trafficking of animals and plants, is estimated to be worth over US$155 billion per year, making it the world’s fourth most lucrative form of crime.

These conservation initiatives and many others underway will help Canada meet its 2020 and 2025 conservation targets, advance reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, protect and recover species at risk, and improve biodiversity for all.

Pan-Canadian approach to conserving and protecting species

In 2019-20, ECCC collaborated with its provincial and territorial counterparts to begin the implementation of a new Pan-Canadian Approach to Transforming Species at Risk Conservation in Canadaxxxiv (Pan- Canadian Approach). With support from the Canada Nature Fund, the approach reflects a shift to more multi-species and ecosystem-based conservation, and more targeted and collaborative FPT efforts focussed on conservation planning and action on shared priority places, species, and sectors. Provinces and territories continue to lead efforts to recover species at risk and other priority species on lands under their jurisdiction, with support and partnership from ECCC.

In 2020-21, the Department will continue to advance implementation of the Pan-Canadian Approach in collaboration with provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples and stakeholders. Indigenous organizations and stakeholders (e.g. ENGOs, industry) from across Canada will be encouraged to participate in conservation action planning initiatives for the six priority species identified by federal, provincial and territorial governments under the Pan-Canadian Approach, thus ensuring that their knowledge and ongoing actions will meaningfully contribute to the advancement of protection and recovery measures for these species. For 11 priority places, projects will enable partner and stakeholder engagement, cooperative conservation action planning, and the implementation of on-the-ground actions for species at risk. Work in these priority places will be complemented in 15 Community-Nominated Priority Places, selected through a call for proposals in 2019-20. In each community, multiple partners will take action together to protect and recover species at risk. In addition, Priority Sectors Initiatives will advance partner and stakeholder engagement to co-create conservation action plans with the agriculture, forest, and urban development sectors that seek to align sector policy and practice with positive outcomes for species at risk conservation and sector sustainability.

Guided by the Pan-Canadian Approach, the Department will continue to implement the Species at Risk Act through listing, recovery planning and protection action. ECCC will also engage with provinces, territories, Indigenous communities, scientists, industry and other stakeholders to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing Species at Risk Act and assess the need for modernization.

In partnership with the Nature Conservancy of Canada, Ducks Unlimited Canada, Island Nature Trust, and the Manitoba Habitat Heritage Corporation, among others, the Department will provide $10 million over two years as part of the Government’s sustained commitment to invest up to $20 million over four years to support the North American Waterfowl Management Planxxxv, which helps protect wetlands and migratory birds, including species at risk. The Department will also continue to engage with external partners on the advancement of the Migratory Birds Strategy, and enforce and promote compliance with federal wildlife legislation that protects plant and animal species, including in interprovincial and international trade.

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Partnering with Indigenous Peoples

ECCC is committed to meaningful engagement with Indigenous peoples in conservation. The Department will continue working to renew nation-to-nation relationships with Indigenous peoples as part of the implementation of the Pan-Canadian Approach and the federal Species at Risk Act. Under the Canada Nature Fund, partnerships with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis will advance the conservation of species at risk in a manner that recognizes and enables Indigenous leadership, knowledge, and interests in land and resource management. Projects will contribute to building Indigenous partners’ capacity to: lead the development and implementation of recovery and protection measures for at-risk species (including several culturally significant caribou species); negotiate and implement conservation agreements for the collaborative conservation of species at risk; and support meaningful participation in Species at Risk Act consultation and cooperation processes. The engagement of Indigenous peoples and use of traditional knowledge in the conservation and protection of species respond to recommendations from the Horizontal Evaluation of the Species at Risk Program (June 2018).

ECCC will continue to implement its Indigenous Guardians Pilot Programxxxvi to support First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities in protecting sensitive areas and species, monitoring ecological health, and maintaining Indigenous cultural sites. With funding of $25 million over four years (2018 to 2022), the Government of Canada recognizes the impact and invaluable contributions of Indigenous communities to nature conservation and offers an opportunity to advance true reconciliation. The Pilot Program is implemented jointly with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis using individualized approaches that respect and recognize each group’s unique perspectives, rights, responsibilities and needs. Under the pilot program, ECCC will support Indigenous conservation leadership across the country through 33 new projects, including community-based monitoring initiatives, actions to protect clean air and water, and initiatives to protect and restore healthy ecosystems, cultural resources, and species at risk The projects also support effective partnerships between First Nations, Métis, Inuit and the Government of Canada. Supporting Indigenous leadership in conservation is a central component of Canada’s effort to double the amount of nature protected in our nation’s lands and oceans.

Impact assessment

Under the Impact Assessment Act, ECCC will provide expertise and advice related to impacts of proposed projects on climate change, air quality, water quality, environmental preparedness and emergencies, and biodiversity. This will include developing guidance for project proponents on standard methodologies to address common issues. The Department will also publish the final Strategic Assessment on Climate Change (SACC) and contribute to the federal approach to cumulative effects under the new Act.

United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goalsxxxvii

ECCC’s new Pan-Canadian Approach to Species at Risk and its substantial new investments in federal and other protected areas under its Nature Legacy initiative, combined with ongoing action in wetlands protection, habitat stewardship, and wildlife conservation, will serve to: conserve biodiversity and the quality and viability of natural ecosystems; preserve and restore air and water quality; and promote sustainable land use and wildlife harvesting practices. These will constitute support primarily for life in water (Goal 14xxxviii) and life on land (Goal 15xxxix).

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Core Responsibility: Predicting Weather and Environmental Conditions

Description

Monitor weather, water, air quality and climate conditions; provide forecasts, information and warnings to the Canadian public and targeted sectors through a range of service delivery options; conduct research; develop and maintain computer-based models for predicting weather and other environmental conditions; and collaborate and exchange data with other national meteorological services and with international organizations.

Planning highlights

In 2020-21, ECCC will continue to provide Canadians with accurate and timely information on weather and environmental conditions to help them make decisions about their health, safety and economic well- being. To do so, ECCC will rely on scientific expertise, a leading-edge approach to data management and analysis, and innovative information techniques12. Using a state-of-the-art supercomputer solution to bring together thousands of observations about Canada’s environment and other data available from domestic and international partners, ECCC’s meteorologists and scientists work around the clock in prediction centres across the country to deliver forecasts for the weather, extreme weather conditions, and water-related events. This helps Canadians and weather-sensitive businesses prepare for weather events and become more resilient to the consequences of climate change. For example, the Canadian Hurricane Centre meteorologists track the intensity and path of storms and issue warnings for those with potential to affect Canada or its waters. In addition, ECCC will continue to leverage social media channels to broaden its reach when notifying Canadians of the potential for high-impact weather events.

New radars, improved short-term forecasts

The Government of Canada is investing $111 million in the Canadian Weather Radar Replacement Programxl to replace outdated technology with a minimum of 27 new radars by March 2023. Twelve new radar systems have been installed and a further 7 new radars are planned to be installed in several communities across Canada in 2020-21. Radars are the primary tools used by meteorologists to forecast short-term severe weather events associated with thunderstorms, tornadoes, ice storms, and blizzards. The new radars use the most modern technology available and will provide more detailed information on precipitation type and storm structure, and allow ECCC to give Canadians greater lead time to protect themselves and their property.

12 “Innovative information techniques” is a term used in reference to the use of supercomputers and social media channels to predict and disseminate weather information.

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Modernizing national water monitoring for Canadians

Monitoring the quantity and flow of water is increasingly important, as Canada is warming twice as fast as the global average. A warmer climate means more weather extremes, including higher storm surges, thus increasing coastal flooding and urban flood risks. Better information on water levels means Canadians will have access to the information they need to be prepared. In 2020-21, ECCC’s National Hydrological Service will continue to modernize and strengthen its engineering and technical capacity, modernize its infrastructure, and put in place new technologies to gather and analyze water information. The National Hydrological Service will continue to work in partnership with the provinces and territories to co-develop capability for the prediction of water quantity, starting with five major basins in Canada (the Saskatchewan, Nelson, Mackenzie, Columbia and Churchill Rivers) and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. This work will be completed for the Churchill and Mackenzie Rivers in the next two years. This major initiative represents a $90 million federal government investment over five years, ending in 2022-2023. ECCC will continue to provide expert advice and recommendations to inter-jurisdictional and international water boards. This investment will also modernize engineering models and systems for better service delivery to partner agencies involved with domestic and transboundary water management across the country.

United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goalsxli (UNSD)

ECCC’s weather and environmental observations, forecasts and warnings, including its water monitoring programs, are vital for governments, industry, and citizens alike to make daily decisions related to weather-dependent economic activities. ECCC’s Air Quality Program and Air Quality Index, together with its extreme weather warnings, contribute to public health and safety (Goal 3xlii). Its weather forecasts play a vital role in assisting farming, forestry, transportation and other sectors plan and schedule their operations for optimal production and sustainability (Goal 12xliii), while water-monitoring services contribute to responsible water conservation and use (Goal 6xliv). More generally, the accumulated knowledge about weather and climate patterns and trends support development of effective long-term strategies for water and air quality management, action on climate change, and conservation of marine resources for sustainable development (Goal 13xlv and Goal 14xlvi).

© Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Environment, 2020. Reprinted with permission. The full report can be accessed at no cost by visiting https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/corporate/transparency/priorities-management/departmental-plans/departmen- tal-plan-2020-2021.html.

E-34 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Environmental management practices in Canadian businesses, 2020 Up-Date Environmental 2016

Environmental management practices are protocols that businesses adopt to reduce their impact on the environment. They can be implemented for various reasons, such as compliance with legislation and government regulations or a company directive on best practices. Businesses in scope in this fact sheet belong to manufacturing industries, logging (except contract), oil and gas extraction, mining and quarrying, electric power generation, transmission and distribution and natural gas distribution.

Half of businesses have adopted at least one environmental management practice

In 2016, just over half of businesses (51%) had at least one environmental management practice. Among these businesses, 47% had adopted at least three, one-fifth (21%) had adopted two, and the remaining third (32%) had adopted one.

As in 2014, the two most commonly used practices in 2016 were environmental management systems (23% of Canadian businesses) and energy audits (22%) (Chart 1). In contrast, few businesses reported using environmental voluntary agreements (5%), down three percentage points from 2014. Profiles of four of the most common practices are provided later in this text.

Chart 1 Percentage of Canadian enterprises with environmental management practices, 2016

Environmental management system 23 Energy audit (past 3 years) 22 Energy management or monitoring system 19 Implementation of a pollution prevention plan 17 Green procurement policy 12 Perform a greenhouse gas emissions inventory 11 Life cycle analysis 10 ISO 14000 family certification 9 Environmental incentives 7 Impacted by a supplier's or client's environmental supply chain management policy 7 Implementation of an environmental supply chain 7 management policy labelling of products 6 Environmental voluntary agreements 5 Other environmental management practices 4 Participate in carbon-trading or purchase/sell carbon-offset credits 2

0 5 10 15 20 25 percent

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures, 2016. Table 38-10-0005-01.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-35 Environmental Management Practices in Canadian Businesses, 2016

Environmental management practices are most common in the natural gas distribution and oil and gas extraction industries

In most of the industries studied, more than half of the businesses had adopted at least one environmental management practice (Chart 2). In four industries, more than three-quarters of businesses had implemented at least one practice. The natural gas distribution and oil and gas extraction industries led the trend, with 81% of their businesses using at least one environmental management practice. Half (51%) of natural gas distribution businesses had adopted at least six environmental management practices.

The adoption of environmental management practices increases with the number of employees

The larger the business, as measured by the number of employees, the more likely it is to adopt at least one environmental management practice. In 2016, 95% of large enterprises (1,000 employees or more) had adopted at least one practice, compared with 84% of enterprises with 500 to 999 employees, 67% of enterprises with 100 to 499 employees, and 45% of small businesses (less than 100 employees).

More than two-thirds of employees work for businesses with at least one practice

In general, businesses that had adopted at least one environmental management practice in 2016 had 69% of the employment share. As a result, more than two-thirds of workers in the industries of interest were employed by businesses that had adopted at least one practice. Of course, this proportion varied by type of practice. For example, businesses with ISO 14000 certification had 27% of the employment share, while those that had participated in environmental incentive programs had 15%.

Profiles of four of the most common practices Environmental management system

Nearly one-quarter (23%) of Canadian businesses had an environmental management system (EMS) in 2016 (Chart 1), making it the most popular practice. EMSs are a management tool that businesses use to assess and control the environmental impact of their activities. This practice was most frequent in the natural gas distribution (68%), oil and gas extraction (68%) and mining and quarrying industry (63%) (Chart 2).

Having an EMS was also the most common practice in all business size groups. The percentage of companies with an EMS increased with company size, reaching 88% among large enterprises (1,000 employees or more) (Chart 3). Also, nearly half (45%) of employees in the industries of interest worked in businesses with an EMS.

E-36 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Environmental management practices in Canadian businesses, 2016

Chart 2 2020 Up-Date Environmental Percentage of Canadian enterprises using selected environmental management practices, by industry, 2016

percent 80

68 68 70 65 63 58 59 60 60 50 50 43 43 39 40 36 35 34 33 32 33 30 29 22 19 21 20 15 16 11 10

0 Environmental management Energy audit (past 3 years) Energy management or monitoring Perform a greenhouse gas system system emissions inventory

Primary metal manufacturing Mining and quarrying Oil and gas extraction Natural gas distribution Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing Transportation equipment manufacturing

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures, 2016. Special tabulations.

Chart 3 Percentage of Canadian enterprises using selected environmental management practices, by size of enterprise, 2016

percent 100 88 90

80 73 68 70 70 62 59 60 54 51 50 38 40 34 30 30 23 20 17 17 15 10 6

0 Environmental management system Energy audit (past 3 years) Energy management or monitoring Perform a greenhouse gas emissions system inventory

Enterprises with fewer than 100 employees Enterprises with 100 to 499 employees Enterprises with 500 to 999 employees Enterprises with 1,000 or more employees

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Environmental Protection Expenditures, 2016. Table 38-10-0005-01.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-37 Environmental Management Practices in Canadian Businesses, 2016

Energy audit

In the past three years, 22% of Canadian businesses had conducted an energy audit (Chart 1). These audits include conducting analysis of the company’s energy consuming systems and identifying potential areas reducing energy consumption. In 2016, energy audits were most common in the natural gas distribution industry, with 43% of businesses performing one (Chart 2). In comparison, energy audits were only performed by one-third of businesses in the following three industries: primary metal manufacturing (34%), transportation equipment manufacturing (33%) and mining and quarrying industry (32%).

In businesses with less than 100 employees or 100 to 499 employees, energy audits were the second most common practice (after EMSs), being adopted by 17% and 34% of their businesses respectively (Chart 3). Energy audits were performed primarily in enterprises with 1,000 employees or more (59%). However, energy audits were only the sixth most common practice in large businesses. Among the practices that came ahead of energy audits were ISO 14000 family certification (63%) and pollution prevention plans (72%). In 2016, the use of energy audits was associated with 37% of the employment share.

Energy management or monitoring system

In 2016, nearly one in five Canadian businesses (19%) had an energy management or monitoring system in place (Chart 1). These systems help companies to manage energy use to improve energy efficiency. Energy management or monitoring systems were most popular in the natural gas distribution industry, with 58% of companies implementing one (Chart 2). Meanwhile, 36% of businesses in the primary metal manufacturing industry and 35% of businesses in the beverage and tobacco product manufacturing industry had an energy management or monitoring system.

In enterprises with 500 to 999 employees, energy management or monitoring system was the second most common practice (after EMSs), used by 62% of these companies (Chart 3). In 2016, the use of energy management or monitoring systems was associated with 37% of the employment share.

Perform a greenhouse gas emissions inventory

A greenhouse gas emissions inventory is an estimate of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions businesses generate in a given period. This practice was used in 11% of Canadian businesses in 2016 (Chart 1), but it was more common in certain industries, such as mining and quarrying (65%), natural gas distribution (60%) and oil and gas extraction (59%) (Chart 2).

This practice was the second most often used by large enterprises (73%) (after EMSs) and the third most commonly used by enterprises with 500 to 999 employees (54%) (Chart 3). Overall, the use of a greenhouse gas emissions inventory was associated with 31% of the employment share.

About the Environmental Protection Expenditures Survey

This release presents data from the 2016 Environmental Protection Expenditures Survey. It is conducted with just over 3,500 establishments in selected primary industries and in the manufacturing sector. This survey produces estimates of the capital and operating expenditures of Canadian businesses to protect the environment. Measures of industrial spending on environmental protection are restricted to spending to comply with current or anticipated regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements. It also collects data on the environmental management practices adopted by establishments.

Statistics Canada. “Environmental management practices in Canadian businesses, 2016”. Last modified June 19, 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/16-508-x/16-508-x2019003-eng.htm. Accessed July 2, 2020.

E-38 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Introduction

The manner in which Canadians conduct their daily activities can have a profound impact on their surroundings thereby compelling them to adapt their practices to be less harmful to the environment. This is even more of a reality for Canadian businesses as their operations are significant contributors to the amount of pollution and environmental pressures generated each year in Canada. For this reason, it is important to monitor the amount and the type of environmental protection that Canadian industry has undertaken over the years.

The following article highlights expenditures made by Canadian industry to protect the environment from industrial activities between 2006 and 2016.

What you should know about this study

Data sources

The main data source for this paper is the Environmental Protection Expenditures Survey (EPES), which is conducted every two years. The purpose of the survey is to provide a measure of the expenditures made by Canadian businesses to comply with present or anticipated environmental regulations, conventions and voluntary agreements. In addition, the survey collects information on environmental management practices and environmental technologies used by industry for the purpose of preventing or abating pollution.

1. How does environmental protection work in Canada?

In Canada, environmental protection regulatory powers are shared between provincial and federal governments. Each of these entities can put regulations into place that can lead to environmental protection expenditures as defined by the EPES. For example, in 2012, under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, the federal government established the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

Regulations. In a nutshell, the objective of these regulations is to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the production of electricity using coal as a fuel.1 In order to comply with these regulations, coal-fired generating stations are required to make environmental protection expenditures such as monitoring or mitigation equipment acquisition, amongst others.

While new regulations are put into place by government, industry also contributes to the environmental protection framework through other mechanisms. For example, several industry associations have become active participants in environmental protection through voluntary actions. For instance, from 2008 to 2013, the vinyl industry established an agreement with the government of Canada to prevent the release of tin stabilizers into the environment by allowing site verification and agreeing to corrective actions if needed. In 2015, the agreement was renewed until 2020.

2. Environmental protection expenditures by industries

In order to comply with environmental protection regulations, conventions and voluntary agreements, businesses often incur expenses to purchase equipment as well as environmental services to prevent or clean up pollution. In 2006, Canadian industry spent approximately $8.8 billion on environmental protection expenditures, and by 2014, this amount increased by 26%, peaking at close to $11.8 billion. In 2016, environmental protection expenditures decreased to nearly $8.4 billion, with a little over $3.2 billion being capital investments. The majority of the decrease in environmental protection expenditures observed from 2014 to 2016 was a direct result of lower capital investment expenditures.

1. For more details on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity Regulations, please visit https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/ eng/regulations/SOR-2012-167/.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-39 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016

As shown in chart 1, in 2016, the oil and gas extraction industry accounted for the largest share of environmental protection expenditures made during the year at 44% of the total. This has been the case historically, as the industry accounted for an average share of 41% of total environmental protection expenditures in each reference year from 2006 to 2016.

The mining and quarrying, primary metal manufacturing and electric power generation, transmission and distribution industries were also key contributors to national environmental protection expenditures made by Canadian businesses. In 2016, these three industries combined to represent more than a quarter of all environmental protection expenditures.

These industries require the implementation of numerous environmental measures and practices to prevent pollution and environmental damage that can occur during the production process. For example, businesses engaged in the oil and gas extraction industry are required to perform reclamation activities (e.g. revegetation, remediation) on lands they have disturbed during their production cycle. Similarly, businesses taking part in mining and quarrying may have to undergo environmental assessments before they are granted a permit to drill.2

Chart 1 Environmental Protection Expenditures for Selected Industries, 2006-2016

millions of dollars 14,000 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

- Total, all industries Oil and gas extraction Primary metal Mining and quarrying Electric power generation, manufacturing transmission and distribution

Source: Statistics Canada, Table 38-10-0042-01, accessed January 21st, 2019.

3. Environmental protection expenditures by type

Statistics Canada classifies environmental protection expenditures into nine distinct types of activities as shown below:

• Environmental monitoring • Environmental assessments and audits • Reclamation and decommissioning • Wildlife and habitat protection • Waste management and sewerage services • Pollution abatement and control processes • Pollution prevention processes • Fees, fines and licences • Other types of environmental protection

2. For more details about environmental assessments in Canada, see: https://www.canada.ca/en/impact-assessment-agency/services/environmental-assessments/ basics-environmental-assessment.html.

E-40 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016

In 2016, waste management and sewerage services, pollution prevention processes and pollution abatement 2020 Up-Date Environmental and control processes were the categories in which the majority of business expenditures were made as they combined for over $6 billion in spending. Alone, pollution abatement and control processes accounted for a little under $2.6 billion of all environmental protection expenditures followed by pollution prevention processes and waste management services which contributed $1.2 billion and $2.2 billion respectively. These three categories combined represented the largest environmental expenditure share in each survey cycle since 2006.

Meanwhile, fees, fines and licenses and wildlife and habitat protection were the categories where the least amount was spent, averaging approximately 4% of all environmental protection expenditures for each reference period. The gap in expenditures between the different categories can partly be attributed to the relatively low amount of capital investments required to put some of these measures into application.

Pollution prevention and pollution abatement and control expenditures

Generally speaking, there are two stages during the production process where pollution can be treated. The first stage is at the source of the pollution and these measures are called pollution prevention processes. Simply put, they imply the use of technologies, equipment, or processes that reduce or eliminate pollution and/or waste before it is created. This can be accomplished, for example, by using material substitution to remove polluting materials from the production process, or by installing more efficient equipment that produces fewer pollutants during use.

The other possible stage where pollution can be treated in the production process, is after the pollution or waste has been created. These types of processes are called pollution abatement and control processes. An example can be found in the nickel industry where scrubbers are used in the exhaust streams to reduce the amount of air pollutants released to the environment.

Pollution prevention is considered a more proactive and effective strategy toward environmental protection, but it implies the restructuring of the production process. Furthermore, eliminating waste at the source can be more efficient for businesses as it can help them achieve cost savings on expenditures such as environmental clean-up or other environmental liabilities.3

Chart 2 shows that from 2006 to 2014, capital investments made by Canadian businesses on pollution abatement and control processes and pollution prevention processes mostly progressed in opposite directions. In 2006, pollution abatement and control capital expenditures were estimated at a little over $900 million and reached close to $3.1 billion in 2014. In 2016, overall pollution abatement and control investments reached their lowest level since 2006, at $933 million. The decrease observed reflects an overall downturn in the oil and gas industry which was largely a result of declining prices in crude oil and natural gas.4

Meanwhile, pollution prevention capital expenditures were estimated at over $1.5 billion dollars in 2006 and decreased to $700 million in 2016. The main industry driving this trend was the oil and gas extraction industry for which pollution abatement and control investments went up by more than fourfold between 2006 and 2014. Other significant increases were observed in the primary metal manufacturing industry where pollution abatement investments doubled over the same period.

3. According to Environment Canada fact sheet titled How Can Pollution Prevention and Pollution Prevention Planning Improve My Business. For more details, please visit https://www.ec.gc.ca/planp2-p2plan/default.asp?lang=En&n=6E15F505-1. 4. For details, see, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171006/dq171006b-eng.htm.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-41 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016

Chart 2 Pollution prevention and pollution abatement and control capital investments ($ million)

millions of dollars 3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Pollution abatement and control processes (end-of-pipe) Pollution prevention processes

Source: Statistics Canada, Table 38-10-0043, accessed: February 7th 2019.

The main driver contributing to the increase in pollution abatement investments from 2010 to 2014 was the expansion in the oil and gas, and mining and quarrying industries. This led to a need to invest in pollution treatment solutions to support the added production. During the same period, many pollution reduction innovations were introduced to the market as a response to regulations that fell into the pollution abatement category. For example, the introduction of Directive 074 by Alberta Energy Regulators (AER) regarding tailings performance made it necessary to find alternatives in the way tailing ponds were managed.5 Since tailing management techniques occur after the waste is created, the adoption of new techniques led to increased investments in pollution abatement expenditures. The decrease also coincides with a reduction in the distribution of pollution prevention methods among all industries.

Environmental media targeted by businesses environmental operational expenditures

Operating expenditures are described as expenses made by businesses to successfully carry out day-to-day activities. These include expenses incurred for labour, training, material and purchased services. For example, waste management provided by a third-party or staff training on environmental management fall under this category. Chart 3 provides an overview of the evolution in the distribution of environmental operating expenditures by medium between 2010 and 2016.

5. According to Nicholas Beier, Ward Wilson, Adedji Dunmola and David Sego 2013 paper titled Impact of flocculation-based dewatering on the shear strength of oil sands fine tailings. For more details, please visit https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0262.

E-42 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016

Chart 3 2020 Up-Date Environmental Share of operating expenditures on pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe) and pollution prevention by environmental medium, 2010 and 2016

2010 2016

28% 34%

43%

51%

3%

3%

11% 25% 1% 0% Air Noise, radiation, and vibration On-site contained solid and liquid waste Other environmental media Surface water

Source: Statistics Canada, Table 38-10-0120, accessed: February 14th 2019.

In 2010, more than half (51%) of businesses’ operating expenditures on pollution abatement and prevention were directed toward the treatment of air pollution. In 2016, the share of expenditures for this category decrease to 43%. Similarly, the share of operating expenditures on surface water also decreased from 34% to 28% between 2010 and 2016.

During the same period, the share of expenditures aimed at on-site contained solid and liquid waste more than doubled, increasing from 11% in 2010 to 25% in 2016. Meanwhile, the share of expenditures on noise, radiation, vibration and other environmental media remained steady between 2010 and 2016 at around 3 to 4 percent.

4. Participation in environmental practices

In addition to pollution prevention and abatement, a third category of potential environmental expenditures are environmental practices, which are protocols that businesses adopt to reduce their impact on the environment. Canada’s environmental protection strategy often avoids imposing compulsory measures and rather relies on co-operation between governments and industry.6 For instance, companies are strongly encouraged by different levels of government to engage in environmental management practices such as the implementation of pollution prevention plans or establishing green procurement policies, but in most industries these practices are not mandatory. As a result, the level of participation in environmental management practices varies among individual businesses.

Chart 4 shows the percentage of establishments that used at least one environmental management practice during each EPES reference year from 2008 to 2016. Overall, the participation rate increased from 32% in 2008 to 51% in 2016 for all establishments regardless of size. In the latest iteration of the survey, environmental management systems and energy audits were the most common environmental management practices among all businesses regardless of size.

6. Based on Irene Henriques and Perry Sadorsky paper on Environmental Policy Tools and Firm Level Management Practices in Canada.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-43 Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016

Chart 4 Distribution businesses using at least one environmental practices by establishment size

percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Total, all establishments Establishments with fewer than 100 employees Establishments with 100 to 499 employees Establishments with 500 to 999 employees Establishments with 1,000 or more employees

Source: Statistics Canada, table 38-10-0005-01, accessed January 21st, 2019.

In 2016, establishments with 1,000 or more employees were the group with the highest percentage of businesses using at least one environmental practice, reaching 95%. Environmental management systems and the development of a greenhouse gas inventory were the most common practices among these businesses, with a participation rate of 88% and 73% respectively. From 2008 to 2016, green procurement activities and life-cycle analysis showed the most important percentage increase among all environmental practices, increasing by 15% and 16% respectively.

In contrast, businesses with fewer than 100 employees had the lowest rate of participation in environmental management practices with a rate of 45% in 2016, representing a percentage increase of 19% from 2008 levels. For this group, the most common environmental management practices were the implementation of environmental management systems (17%), energy audits (17%) and the implementation of energy management or monitoring systems (15%).

Overall, there is a noticeable trend where businesses with more employees have higher participation rates in environmental management practices. A factor that can likely explain this tendency is that larger businesses usually have more resources and skilled employees at their disposal to adopt these practices. Additionally, they may also be getting more stakeholder pressure to do so.7 That being said, when faced with stakeholder pressures, smaller businesses might be in a position to more easily address some environmental concerns due to their ability to react more quickly than larger firms.8

7. Based on Irene Henriques and Perry Sadorsky 2013 paper on Environmental Practices and Performance in Canada. 8. According to findings from N. Darnall, I. Henriques and P. Sadorsky 2010 study on the influence of stakeholders on firm size titled Adopting Proactive Environmental Strategy: The Influence of Stakeholders and Firm Size.

Statistics Canada. “Canadian Industry and Environmental Protection, 2006 to 2016”. Last modified December 18, 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/16-002-x/2019001/article/00001-eng.htm. Accessed July 3, 2020.

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Air pollutant emissions

Air pollution problems, such as smog and acid rain, result from the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. The majority of these pollutants are released through human activities, such as transportation, the burning of fuels for electricity and heating, and a variety of industrial activities. The indicators on sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) report emissions released through human activities.

Summary Key results

 In 2017, emissions of 5 key air pollutants SOX, NOX, VOCs, CO and PM2.5 ranged from 69% to 15% lower than in 1990  Emissions of NH3 were 19% higher than in 1990

Figure 1. Air pollutant emissions, Canada, 1990 to 2017

Data for Figure 1 Note: This indicator reports air pollutant emissions from human activities only. It does not include emissions from natural sources such as forest fires and from vegetation. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019) Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory.

Between 1990 and 2017, the largest emission reductions were observed for SOX, which decreased by 69%. It was followed by CO emissions (54% reduction), VOCs (40%), NOX (26%) and PM2.5 (15%). These reductions since 1990 are due in part to government actions and voluntary initiatives from key industrial emitters that were put in place to restrict or eliminate the release of air pollutants in Canada.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-45 Air Quality

In 2017, the majority of emissions of the 6 key air pollutants in Canada came from ore and mineral industries, transportation, the oil and gas industry, agriculture, and dust and fires (for example, road dust, prescribed burning).

Figure 2. Distribution of air pollutant emissions by source, Canada, 2017

Data for Figure 2 Note: The indicator reports air pollutant emissions from human activities only. It does not include emissions from natural sources such as forest fires and from vegetation. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019) Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory. The human made sources most contributing to Canada's air pollutant emissions in 2017 were the following:  the ore and mineral industries, electric utilities and the oil and gas industries together represented the majority of SOX emissions  transportation (road, rail, air and marine) was the main source of NOX and CO emissions  off-road vehicles and mobile equipment and home firewood burning were also important sources of CO emissions and the oil and gas industry was an important source of NOX emissions  most of the VOC emissions came from the oil and gas industry and from the use of paints and solvents  agriculture (livestock, crop production and fertilizer) accounted for the majority of NH3 emissions  dust and fires were the most important sources of PM2.5 emissions

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At the provincial level, emissions of the 6 key air pollutants in 2017 were: 2020 Up-Date Environmental

 the highest in Alberta for SOX, (25% of national emissions), NOX (36%), VOCs (31%), NH3 (27%) and PM2.5 (35%)  the highest in Quebec for CO (28%)  the second highest in Ontario for SOX (19% of national emissions), NOX (17%), VOCs (20%) and CO (25%)  also important in Saskatchewan for NH3 and PM2.5, accounting for 22% and 21% of the national emissions of these pollutants

Figure 3. Distribution of air pollutant emissions by province and territory, Canada, 2017

Data for Figure 3 Note: The indicator reports air pollutant emissions from human activities only. It does not include emissions from natural sources such as forest fires and from vegetation. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019) Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory.

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. This and other Environmental Indicators can be found at no cost online at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-47 Air Quality

Canada's Fourth Biennial Report on Climate Change

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Canada is pleased to present its Fourth Biennial emissions across the economy, adaptation and climate Report to the United Nations Framework resilience, and clean technology, innovation, and jobs. Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It includes more than fifty concrete actions that cover all sectors of the Canadian economy, and puts Canada Since Canada’s last National Communication and on a path towards meeting our Paris Agreement 1 Biennial Report , Canada has continued to implement GHG emissions reduction target of 30% below 2005 its national climate change plan, the Pan-Canadian levels by 2030. Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (the Pan-Canadian Framework), and work towards Canada’s most recent GHG emissions projections reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the estimate that Canada’s GHG emissions in 2030 will economy. Canada welcomes this opportunity to be 227 million tonnes lower than projected prior to highlight its international emission reduction targets, the Pan-Canadian Framework or 19% below 2005 as well as ongoing mitigation efforts, emissions trends levels. This improvement, equivalent to approximately and projections, and international climate finance a third of Canada’s emissions in 2005, is widespread contributions. across all economic sectors, reflecting the breadth and the depth of the Pan-Canadian Framework. The Pan-Canadian Framework was adopted on December 9, 2016 as Canada’s plan to take ambitious Building on the success of the Pan-Canadian action to fight climate change, build resilience to a Framework, Canada’s federal government announced changing climate, and drive clean economic growth. It in December of 2019 that it will set a target to achieve is the first climate change plan in Canada’s history to net-zero emissions by 2050. This will include setting include joint and individual commitments by federal, legally-binding, five-year emissions-reduction provincial and territorial levels of government, and to milestones based on advice of experts and have been developed with input from Indigenous consultations with Canadians. This ambitious goal Peoples, businesses, non-governmental organizations, will be supported by a continued commitment to and Canadians from across the country. The Pan- ensuring a price on carbon pollution is in place Canadian Framework is built on four pillars: pricing everywhere in Canada, as well as prioritization of carbon pollution, complementary actions to reduce measures including green buildings and communities,

1 Canada’s Seventh National Communication and Third Biennial report, December 2017

1

E-48 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Air Quality support for zero-emission vehicles, clean electricity, example, federal, and some provincial, governments niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental clean technology, and nature-based climate solutions. pursued measures to increase the number of zero- This includes a specific commitment to planting emission vehicles on the road, including expanding 2 billion trees in the coming years. Canada is charging infrastructure and introducing purchase determined to meet and exceed its Paris incentives. Additionally, with a view to identifying Agreement target. further mitigation opportunities in the building and transportation sectors, the federal government struck Since Canada’s climate plan was adopted, the the Advisory Council on Climate Action, which Government of Canada has continued to provide published its final report in May 2019. Also in 2019, national leadership and to partner with provincial and the Task Force on Just Transition for Canadian Coal territorial governments, and to work with municipal Power Workers and Communities provided governments, as well as Indigenous Peoples, recommendations to support the transition of coal businesses, civil society, and Canadians to address workers and communities affected by the move from climate change both domestically and internationally coal-fired to cleaner electricity. to make the transition towards a clean economy. Work has also been advanced to reduce emissions in This report provides an update of key actions that the oil and gas sector, Canada’s largest source of Canada has taken to drive down GHGs and achieve emissions. New federal regulations to reduce methane its 2020 and 2030 mitigation targets since Canada’s emissions will enter into force on January 1, 2020. A last National Communication and Biennial Report, number of provinces have also been working to published at the end of 2017. reduce emissions from this sector though new For example, Canada now has a price on carbon technologies and standards. pollution across the country. In 2018, the Greenhouse At the same time, investments continued to support Gas Pollution Pricing Act was passed. Carbon pollution the development of clean technology, which will pricing systems are now in place in all provinces and complement and help achieve the reductions targeted territories across Canada (either provincial/territorial by various mitigation measures in addition to bringing systems or the federal system). Canadian technologies to expanding global markets In addition, federal, provincial, and territorial and equipping Canada’s workforce with the governments continued to make progress on knowledge and skills to succeed. implementing a host of complementary actions to In 2015, in support of the Paris Agreement, Canada reduce GHG emissions. This includes significant pledged $2.65 billion over five years in climate finance developments in the electricity sector, with new to pursue ambitious action on climate change in federal regulations to phase-out coal-fired electricity developing countries. Canada is delivering on its by 2030. These regulations will not only lower GHG commitment by implementing concrete initiatives emissions, but will also contribute to improved health through various multilateral and bilateral partners. outcomes for Canadians and ecosystems through Through its climate finance, Canada also helps to improved air quality. In the industrial sector, empower women and girls through climate action and regulations to phase down the consumption of mobilizes private-sector capital to address climate hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) entered into force. These change. regulations aim to reduce the supply of HFCs that enter Canada and the demand for HFCs in manufactured products, thereby averting future HFC releases to the environment.

Governments also made significant investments to increase renewable energy capacity; expand green, resilient infrastructure; support zero or low-emitting transportation; and harness mitigation opportunities within the agriculture, forestry, and waste sectors. For

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-49 Air Quality 2.0 CANADA’S GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND TRENDS

Canada’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory is developed using methodologies consistent with the prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC by April 15 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s of each year, in accordance with the revised Guidelines (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for the preparation of for the preparation of national communications by National GHG Inventories. In line with the principle Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: of continuous improvement, the underlying data and UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories methodologies for estimating emissions are revised (UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines), adopted through over time; hence, total emissions in all years are Decision 24/CP.19 in 2013. The annual inventory subject to change as both data and methods are submission consists of the National Inventory Report improved. and the Common Reporting Format tables. Over the 2005-2017 period, total emissions decreased The GHG inventory includes emissions of carbon by 15 Mt or 2% (Figure 2.1). The Energy Sector

dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), dominated this trend, with emission decreases of 15 perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons Mt (4%) in Stationary Combustion Sources and 5 Mt

(HFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen (9%) in Fugitive Sources. Over the same period,

trifluoride (NF3) in the following five sectors: Energy; emissions also decreased by 1.8 Mt (3%) in the IPPU Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU); Sector and 1.4 Mt (7%) in the Waste Sector. However, Agriculture; Waste; and Land Use, Land-Use Change emissions from Transport increased by 9.0 Mt (5%) and Forestry (LULUCF). The GHG emission and partially offsetting the decreases from the other sectors. removal estimates contained in Canada’s GHG inventory are

800

Waste 700 Agriculture

IPPU 600 Energy (Fugitive Sources) 500

Energy (Transport) eq) ² 400

300

200 Energy

GHG Emissions (Mt CO (Stationary Combustion) 100

0

LULUCF

-100 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Year

Figure 2.1: Trends in Canadian GHG Emissions by IPCC Sector (2005–2017) Source: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 – Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada

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2.1 Canadian Economic Sectors emissions estimates. In addition, Canadian economic sectors presented in Canada’s GHG Inventory are 2020 Up-Date Environmental For the purposes of analyzing economic trends and used to project Canada’s future GHG estimates. policies, it is useful to allocate emissions to the economic sector from which the emissions originate. GHG emissions trends in Canada’s economic sectors In general, a comprehensive emission profile for a from 2005 to 2017 are consistent with those described specific economic sector is developed by reallocating for IPCC sectors, with the Oil and Gas and the relevant proportion of emissions from various Transportation economic sectors showing emission IPCC subcategories. This reallocation simply increases of 37 Mt (23%) and 12 Mt (7%) respectively recategorizes emissions under different headings and since 2005 (Figure 2.2). These increases have been does not change the overall magnitude of Canadian more than offset by emission decreases in Electricity (45 Mt or 38%), Heavy Industry (14 Mt or 16%) and Waste & Others (4 Mt or 9%).

800 Coal Production Waste 700 Light Manufacturing, Construction & Forest Resources

600 Agriculture Heavy Industry

500 Electricity eq) ² 400 Buildings

300 Transportation

200 GHG Emissions (Mt CO

100 Oil & Gas

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Year

Figure 2. 2: Trends in Canadian GHG Emissions by Economic Sector, excluding LULUCF (2005–2017) Source: National Inventory Report 1990-2017 – Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-51 Air Quality

2.2 National Inventory Arrangements Submission of information regarding the national inventory arrangements, including details on Environment and Climate Change Canada is the institutional arrangements for inventory preparation, single national entity with responsibility for preparing is also an annual requirement under the UNFCCC and submitting the National GHG Inventory to the reporting guidelines on annual inventories (see UNFCCC and for managing the supporting processes Chapter 1, Section 1.2 of Canada’s 2019 National and procedures. Inventory Report).

The institutional arrangements for the preparation of More information on Canada’s GHG Inventory is the inventory include formal agreements on data available at www.canada.ca/ghg-inventory. collection and estimate development; a quality management plan, including an improvement plan; the ability to identify key categories and generate quantitative uncertainty analysis; a process for performing recalculations due to improvements; procedures for official approval; and a working archive system to facilitate third-party review.

Canada’s inventory arrangements have not changed since the submission of its Third Biennial Report.

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3.0 ECONOMY-WIDE EMISSION 2020 Up-Date Environmental REDUCTION TARGET

3.1 Canada’s Emissions Table 3.2: Gases and Sectors Covered Reduction Targets Gases IPCC Sectors Economic Sectors CO2 Energy Oil and Gas Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, Canada has CH4 Transportation Electricity committed to reduce its GHG emissions by 30% N2O Industrial Processes Transportation below 2005 levels by 2030. Under the 2009 HFCs Agriculture Heavy Industry Copenhagen Accord, Canada committed to reduce PFCs Waste Buildings its emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 (Table 3.1). SF6 LULUCF* Agriculture NF3 Waste and Others Table 3.1: Canada’s emission LULUCF* reduction targets *LULUCF=Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. Target Base % Mt target Established year year reduction 3.2 Approach to the Land Use, Land- Copenhagen 2020 2005 17% 606 Accord Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Paris Sector 2030 2005 30% 511 Agreement Canada’s Nationally Determined Contribution Canada’s GHG emission reduction targets are (NDC), submitted in May 2017, noted that Canada economy-wide, covering all sectors and gases. Global was examining its approach to accounting in the warming potential values for all covered gases are LULUCF sector towards its 2030 emission reduction those established in the IPCC 4th Assessment Report. target. It also indicated that Canada would exclude the In addition to reporting information by IPCC sector, impacts of natural disturbances and use a production Canada also reports information on historical and approach to accounting for harvested wood products. projected emissions according to the following This approach applies to Canada’s 2020 emission economic sector categories: electricity, transportation, reduction target as well. Canada’s Third Biennial oil and gas, heavy industry, buildings, agriculture, and Report, submitted in December 2017, noted that waste and others (Table 3.2). This sectoral work was continuing to develop LULUCF estimates categorization allows for a better understanding of that focus on anthropogenic emissions and removals emissions as they relate to economic trends and as a basis for improved reporting and accounting for policies in Canada, and is developed by reallocating LULUCF. the relevant proportion of emissions from various IPCC subcategories. Canada has since completed its analysis of the LULUCF sector and established accounting Additional information on the IPCC and economic approaches for each of the LULUCF sub-sectors. For sector definitions, as well as a detailed cross-walk almost all sub-sectors, the accounting approach between IPCC and Canadian economic sector compares net emissions in a given year with net categories can be found in Table A10-3 of Part 3 of emissions in the base year (often referred to as a Canada’s 2019 National Inventory Report submission “net-net” approach). Given the unique characteristics to the UNFCCC. of forests, which are significantly impacted by the effects of past management and natural disturbances,

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-53 Air Quality

Canada uses a reference level approach for forest land acquired through international-emissions trading are remaining forest land and the associated harvested counted towards Canada’s international targets. This wood products. For detailed information on Canada’s will take into account the applicable guidance under approach to LULUCF, please refer to Annex 2.6. the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement as well as other relevant input and programs (e.g., the 3.3 Approach to Market-based International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Mechanisms Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)). Canada is committed to working with Parties under The province of Québec remains a participant in the the Paris Agreement to establish robust Article 6 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) along with the guidance that ensures environmental integrity and State of California. The WCI is working to finalize rigorous accounting rules that result in real its approach to accounting for emission reduction reductions, in order to foster credible and efficient flows between jurisdictions under its shared cap-and- international carbon markets. trade program. Canada’s NDC, submitted in May 2017, noted that Canada would explore the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) in the overall effort to achieve its 2030 NDC target, subject to the establishment of robust systems that deliver real and verified emissions reductions. As identified in the 3rd Biennial Report, Canada continues to examine its approach to the use of ITMOs, and Canada’s federal government will continue to work with interested provinces and territories, as well as with international partners, to ensure that allowances

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. The full report can be accessed at no cost by visiting https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/fourth-biennial-report-cli- mate-change.html.

E-54 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Air Quality niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental The road ahead is electric Zero-emission vehicles have grown in popularity. See how this market is gaining traction in Canada!

2.2% 3.8% Share of zero-emission vehicles in 97% new vehicle registrations in 2018. Share of zero-emission vehicles in of zero-emission new vehicle vehicles have been registrations registered in just in Quebec three provinces in 2018. Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia.

Note: C Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 1. Zero-emission vehicles are battery-electric vehicles (BEV) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) as represented by the Minister of Industry, 2019 that have the potential to produce no tailpipe emissions. ISBN: 978-0-660-33209-3 Source: New Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011-2018. Catalogue number: 11-627-M

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-55

Waste 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Solid waste diversion and disposal

Most garbage collected for disposal ends up in landfills and a small amount is incinerated. This can lead to air emissions, land disturbance or water pollution. The extraction and processing of new resources needed to replace those discarded as waste leads to more pollution. Diverting waste by recycling and composting can help reduce the impact of solid waste on the environment.1 Key results  From 2002 to 2016, the total amount of solid waste2 collected in Canada increased by 3.5 million tonnes (or 11%) o The amount of waste disposed in landfills or incinerated increased by 0.9 million tonnes (or 4%) to reach 24.9 million tonnes in 2016 o The amount of waste diverted grew by 2.6 million tonnes (or 39%) to reach 9.3 million tonnes in 2016  In 2016, the non-residential sector was responsible for 59% of disposed waste and 48% of diverted waste

Figure 1. Solid waste diversion and disposal, Canada, 2002 to 2016

Data for Figure 1 Source: Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0032-01. Disposal of waste, by source. Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0033-01. Materials diverted, by source.

1 For more information see Municipal solid waste management. 2 For more details about what constitutes solid waste in the context of this indicator, please refer to the Data sources and methods.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-57 Waste

Solid waste refers to recyclables, organic materials and garbage generated by homes, businesses and institutions. In 2016, 27% of solid waste was diverted from disposal, up from 22% in 2002.  The share of waste being diverted from residential sources increased from 25% to 32%  The share of waste being diverted from non-residential sources increased from 20% to 23%

Figure 2. Solid waste diversion rate by source, Canada, 2002 to 2016

Data for Figure 2 Source: Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0032-01. Disposal of waste, by source. Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0033-01. Materials diverted, by source. Between 2002 and 2016, solid waste disposal from residential sources grew by 1.8 million tonnes, while the waste diverted increased by 2 million tonnes. Disposal from non-residential sources shrank by 0.9 million tonnes over the same period, while diversion increased by 0.6 million tonnes.

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Solid waste per person 2020 Up-Date Environmental Key results  Total solid waste disposal per person has decreased from 768 to 688 kilograms between 2002 and 2016  Diversion of waste per person has increased over the same period from 212 to 255 kilograms, an increase of about 20%

Figure 3. Solid waste diversion and disposal per person, Canada, 2002 to 2016

Data for Figure 3 Source: Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0032-01. Disposal of waste, by source. Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0033-01. Materials diverted, by source. From 2002 to 2016, waste disposal per person from residential sources increased from 269 to 282 kilograms while disposal per person from non-residential sources declined from 499 to 406 kilograms. Waste diversion per person from residential sources increased steadily between 2002 and 2014, but dropped in 2016. Waste diversion per person from non-residential sources went up and down over the period.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-59 Waste

Solid waste diversion by type of material Key results  Between 2002 and 2016, solid waste diversion increased by 39% to 9.3 million tonnes  In 2016, paper and organic materials accounted for 67% of total solid waste diverted (3.6 and 2.6 million tonnes, respectively)

Figure 4. Solid waste diversion by type of material, Canada, 2002 to 2016

Data for Figure 4 Note: Other materials include electronics, tires and other unclassified materials. Source: Statistics Canada (2018) Table 38-10-0034-01. Materials diverted, by type. Diversion of plastics almost tripled between 2002 and 2016 but remains extremely small at less than 5% of all solid waste diversion. Organic materials diversion doubled to reach 28% of diverted material, second to paper. Diversion of metals and construction, renovation and demolition materials are the only types of materials that saw a decline during this period.

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. This and other Environmental Indicators can be found at no cost online at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html.

E-60 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Waste

Guide for Identifying, Evaluating and Selecting Policies for Influencing niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Construction, renovation and demolition (CRD) wastes make up one of the largest solid waste streams in Canada. This waste comes at a significant cost: it is expensive to manage, poses risks to human health and the environment, and represents a missed opportunity to recover value from discarded materials. Consequently, there are strong social, economic and ecological imperatives to both reduce the rate of CRD waste generation and increase the quantities diverted from disposal. This guide provides decision-makers with high-level guidance for identifying, evaluating and selecting effective policies for influencing CRD waste management. This includes reducing the amount of waste generated by CRD activities, decreasing the amount of CRD waste that is disposed, lessening the environmental impacts of the CRD waste that is disposed, and strengthening the markets for, and value of, diverted CRD materials.

Key Steps in CRD Waste Policy Development Reducing the amount of CRD waste heading to landfill is a complicated task, and there is no single policy that can address the issue on its own. CRD waste reduction and diversion requires a comprehensive approach. Successful jurisdictions use a combination of policies that are tailored to their unique regional political, economic and market conditions. Policymakers can leverage a three-step process for evaluating CRD waste management policies: 1. Assess: The starting point is to assess the regional context to determine the current state of CRD waste management and identify the materials and systems with the greatest potential for reduction or diversion. 2. Prioritize: The second step is to establish a set of goals and select a short list of strategies and policy measures that are most closely aligned with the regional priorities, needs and context. This may include setting diversion targets and identifying priority materials, construction life-cycle stages and actors for action. 3. Evaluate: The final step is to assess the potential benefits and impacts of each policy and decide on a path forward.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-61 Waste

CRD Waste management policy evaluation process

Overview of Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste in Canada Although CRD wastes may consist of similar materials, the quantities and waste stream composition may vary significantly depending on the region and the time of year, and this has significant implications for waste management. Guy Perry and Associates and Keller Environmental (2015) divide CRD waste into three streams: x Construction waste refers to wastes that are derived from the process of building new structures, excluding large civil and public infrastructure projects (dams, bridges, etc.), marine pilings, telephone, rail, land clearing and so on. x Renovation waste is generally a hybrid of construction waste and demolition waste and is derived from undertaking improvements and repairs to existing structures, excluding large civil and public infrastructure projects (dams, bridges, etc.), marine pilings, telephone, rail, land clearing and so on. x Demolition waste refers to wastes and material debris that are derived from the process of demolishing existing structures. Demolition activities tend to produce mixed waste that is challenging to separate into different materials for reuse or recycling. CRD waste is made up of many different types of materials and products. The most prevalent materials by weight are wood (clean, engineered, treated and painted), asphalt roofing and drywall. Other materials include metals, plastics, concrete, asphalt paving, bricks, glass, cardboard, and a host of other materials found in relatively small quantities such as ceiling tiles, equipment, furniture and paint.

E-62 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Waste

Waste diversion is the process of diverting waste from landfills or incinerators through various niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental means such as reuse, recycling, composting or gas production through anaerobic digestion. From a diversion perspective, CRD waste materials are categorized by ease of diversion as high value, simple to divert, complex to divert and limited options.

Categories of construction, renovation and demolition waste materials organized by ease of diversion

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-63 Waste

Policy Options for Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste Reduction and Diversion This guide presents six broad strategies and 14 policies that can influence CRD waste management. These strategies and associated policies are not presented in any order of priority, effectiveness or preference.

Strategy Associated CRD waste management policies A. Create accountability Make specific actors (e.g., producers, builders, facilities) more for waste diversion accountable for reducing and diverting CRD waste. Policies: 1. Waste management plans and processes for facilities and projects 2. Producer responsibility programs B. Limit disposal options Limit where, how or what materials can be disposed of. Policies: 3. Waste disposal bans, limits and surcharges 4. Transportation requirements and restrictions C. Align financial Use levies, fees and charges to encourage waste reduction and diversion. incentives Policies: 5. Disposal fees and levies 6. Virgin material levies D. Improve CRD Increase the resource efficiency of CRD activities. Policies: processes 7. Building codes and requirements 8. Green building certification 9. Environmental product standards and labels 10. Deconstruction standards E. Strengthen diversion Increase the supply and demand of diverted materials by designing out markets and waste and requiring proper end-of-life management when purchasing infrastructure products and waste services. Policies: 11. Support infrastructure and market development 12. Public procurement F. Build knowledge and Increase the capacity and knowledge of key stakeholders and establish establish systems whereby progress can be tracked over time. Policies: accountability 13. Industry outreach, education and resources measures 14. Benchmark and track data

Managing Common Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste Materials The most common CRD waste materials in most regions of Canada are wood (clean, engineered, painted, treated), asphalt roofing and drywall. The table below outlines some of the policy approaches that may be evaluated to reduce and divert these materials.

Waste material Overview Policies 1. Clean wood Clean wood (also known as white wood) is not treated with x CRD waste bans, waste chemicals (e.g., for pressure treatment), paint or other limits and coatings. It includes solid wood, lumber, and pallets that surcharges are unpainted, unstained, untreated and free of glue. x Deconstruction standards Although there are many uses for clean wood waste, the x Strengthened challenge can sometimes be in creating functional and infrastructure and

E-64 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Waste

Waste material Overview Policies niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental economically sustainable markets given the variability and markets seasonality of supply. The presence and maturity of markets for clean wood waste varies across the country.

Addressing the large amounts of clean wood waste that are generated from new construction, renovation and demolition requires a change in business approach. Currently, large volumes of CRD wood waste cannot be diverted because it is commingled with other materials and contaminants or is in such poor condition that the cost of processing and cleaning limits the economic viability of processing and reusing the material. 2. Engineered Engineered (composite) wood refers to manufactured x CRD waste wood waste plywood, particleboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), disposal bans and oriented strand board (OSB), veneers, glulam beams, and surcharges so on, which may include nails, metal plates, glues and x Deconstruction other chemicals. Significant quantities are generated from standards new construction, renovation and demolition. x Strengthened infrastructure and The markets for engineered wood are mostly similar to markets clean wood. As the diversion process and end-user markets for engineered wood are similar to clean wood, the policy goals and priorities are also similar. Therefore, the policy approaches provided for clean wood waste above may also be applied to engineered wood.

3. Painted wood Painted wood contains a coating (e.g., paint, varnish, x Transportation waste sealer, stain) applied onto or impregnated into clean, requirements and engineered or treated wood. It includes trim, doors, restrictions cabinets, flooring, some siding, balustrades and x Investment in baseboards. research to develop new Market options depend on the coating. Some painted wood processing may contain hazardous or toxic substances and, because technologies and it may be difficult to test the type of paint, it is usually not infrastructure possible to divert from landfill. Painted wood recycling and reuse markets also depend on the wood substrate (i.e., clean, engineered, treated).

Because painted wood is so difficult to divert, alternative upstream solutions may be considered to reduce the volumes of waste generated. 4. Treated wood Treated wood refers to wood that is pressure treated or x Disposal fees and waste coated with wood preservatives to protect it against decay, levies mould and insects. It includes fencing and wood for x Producer exterior applications, marine pilings, railway ties, and responsibility products that have been treated with stains or preservatives.

In most regions, although the composition of treated wood is different than for painted wood, the policy goals and

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-65 Waste

Waste material Overview Policies priorities are similar. Paints, coatings and preservatives can all contain chemicals that may need to be handled carefully and disposed of safely. Therefore, similar to painted wood waste, options for diverting treated wood waste from landfill are extremely limited. 5. Asphalt Roofing shingles and asphalt sheeting are made from x Requirements for roofing waste fibreglass or organic backing, asphalt cement, sand-like waste aggregate and mineral fillers (Crushcrete, 2017). management plans Many provinces have an excellent record on reusing x Investment in asphalt paving in road construction. However, due to infrastructure in processing standards, asphalt from building-related CRD combination with waste typically has a lower recovery rate and is often differential tipping rejected as unclean because it can be contaminated with fees other products and some may contain asbestos. x Transportation requirements and Although processing asphalt shingles is more complex restrictions than for some other materials, it can be economically x CRD waste viable. Technology exists to recycle 100 per cent of disposal bans, asphalt shingles for sale as an additive for paving or kiln limits and fuel. Processing facilities for asphalt roofing exist in most surcharges major urban centres, but recycling can be challenging in other parts of the country due to lack of infrastructure.

Given that effective recycling technologies exist, the primary policy goal when dealing with asphalt roofing waste is to limit disposal options (e.g., via transportation requirements and restrictions, waste disposal bans) and enable diversion (by providing access to processing facilities) and then ensuring that facilities are operating state-of-the art equipment. 6. Drywall Also called gypsum, plasterboard, sheetrock, Gyproc and x CRD waste waste wallboard, drywall waste comprises gypsum (94 per cent) disposal bans, and paper backing (6 per cent) and may contain screws limits and and fasteners (metal content of drywall amounts to less surcharges than 1 per cent of the total). x Investment in infrastructure in Where recycling facilities exist, drywall is a straightforward combination with product to deal with. Clean waste drywall that is commonly differential tipping accepted by processing facilities comprises board material, fees non-hazardous strip-out plasterboard products, plaster blocks and construction off-cuts.

Challenges to drywall recycling are primarily related to the potential for contamination. By far, the largest volumes of drywall come from demolition, but markets for demolition drywall can be very selective. In particular, the challenges of asbestos-containing drywall products are significant because the identification of and recycling of asbestos- containing drywall is not straightforward.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. “Guide for Identifying, Evaluating and Selecting Policies for influencing Construction, Renovation and Demolition Waste Management (PN 1597),” Executive Summary, p. ii-vii. Reprinted with permission, 2020. Please visit www.ccme.ca for more.

E-66 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity 2020 Up-Date Environmental

A look at Canada’s freshwater FRESHWATER IN CANADA resources from 1971 to 2013

The following map shows the depth of renewable freshwater resources (mm) for each of Canada’s 25 drainage regions. DID YOU KNOW?

Canada produced That’s more than The Pacific Coastal 3 region produced on 3,478 km twice the volume average 1,500 mm of Lake Ontario of freshwater. of renewable freshwater per year. ͊

This volume represents on average On 3 104,0001 average, m for every single CanadianCanada .produced

The Maritime Coastal and Freshwater production Renewable freshwater production was lowest in Newfoundland–Labrador Low High the Prairies—50 mm on average for the Missouri, regions produced 850 mm of Assiniboine–Red, North Saskatchewan and freshwater, the second highest South Saskatchewan regions. in Canada. WATER USE QUICK FACTS

These drainage regions had the highest Each Canadian used on surface water withdrawals in Canada: average 250 litres of water per day in 2013. Canada Great Lakes Total household St. Lawrence 3 Canadians used 37.9 km3 of water use was 3.2 km . water for economic and South Saskatchewan That’s over 1.2 million household activities in 2013. Olympic swimming pools ͊ cubic kilometres

Statistics Canada, 2017, “Freshwater in Canada,” Human Activity and the Environment, Catalogue no. 16-201-X.

Land and freshwater area, by province and territory Total area Land Freshwater % of total area km² Canada 9,984,670 9,093,507 891,163 100 Newfoundland and Labrador 405,212 373,872 31,340 4.1 Prince Edward Island 5,660 5,660 0 0.1 Nova Scotia 55,284 53,338 1,946 0.6 New Brunswick 72,908 71,450 1,458 0.7 Quebec 1,542,056 1,365,128 176,928 15.4 Ontario 1,076,395 917,741 158,654 10.8 Manitoba 647,797 553,556 94,241 6.5 Saskatchewan 651,036 591,670 59,366 6.5 Alberta 661,848 642,317 19,531 6.6 British Columbia 944,735 925,186 19,549 9.5 Yukon 482,443 474,391 8,052 4.8 Northwest Territories 1,346,106 1,183,085 163,021 13.5 Nunavut 2,093,190 1,936,113 157,077 21 Source: Natural Resources Canada, GeoAccess Division. Last modified: 2005-02-01.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-67 Water Quality & Quantity

Water quality in Canadian rivers

Healthy river ecosystems rely on clean water. The quality of water, and the health of rivers, depends on how people develop and use the surrounding land. These indicators measure the ability of river water to support plants and animals. Key results x For the 2016 to 2018 period, water quality in rivers in Canada was rated fair to excellent at 80% of the monitored sites x Land development through agriculture, mining, forestry, high population density or a combination of these (mixed pressures) tends to have a negative impact on water quality

Figure 1. Water quality in Canadian rivers, national and by land use category, 2016 to 2018 period

Data for Figure 1 Note: Water quality was evaluated at 174 sites across southern Canada using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's water quality index. For more information on land use classification and monitoring sites selection, consult the Data sources and methods section. Source: Data assembled by Environment and Climate Change Canada from federal, provincial and joint water quality monitoring programs. Population, forestry, mining and land cover statistics for each site's drainage area were provided by Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Government of Alberta and the University of Maryland. For the 2016 to 2018 period, water quality at 174 monitoring sites in southern Canadian rivers1 was rated: x excellent or good at 40% of monitoring sites x fair at 40% of sites x marginal at 17% of sites x poor at 2% of sites By world standards, Canada has abundant, clean freshwater resources. The water in Canada's rivers varies naturally across the country based on the rocks and soil in the area and the climate. For example, water that flows through the rocky landscape of northern Ontario and Quebec is naturally different from water flowing through the deep soils of the Prairies. However, it is how people have developed the land around lakes and rivers that has the largest impact on water quality at each site.

1 The indicators focus on the regions in Canada where human activity is more prevalent, as it is usually the main factor for water quality deterioration. Monitoring sites were selected based on whether there was data available for a sufficient number of years and whether the sites were representative of the drainage region. Northern Canada is underrepresented; this is due partly to the challenges related to sampling in these remote locations. For more information on site selection, please see the Data sources and methods section.

E-68 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Water quality is generally good or excellent in undeveloped areas where native plants, trees and soils purify the water before it reaches the river. Adding development such as manufacturing and cities puts pressure on the landscape and increases the amount of chemicals being released into rivers every day. As well, many contaminants make their way into rivers after being released into the air through burning. Fertilizers and pesticides used to help crops grow and manure from livestock can wash into nearby rivers or seep into groundwater, impacting water quality in these areas. Some forestry activities, such as removing trees and other vegetation that would otherwise reduce the flow of surface water into rivers, may increase run-off of nutrients and contaminants into rivers. All of these developments change water quality in a river and put pressure on the plants and animals that live there. Trends in water quality in Canadian rivers Key results x Water quality has not changed between 2002 and 2018 at a majority of sites across southern Canada x Where it has changed, it has improved more often than it has deteriorated

Figure 2. Trends in water quality, Canada, 2002 to 2018

Data for Figure 2 Note: The trend in water quality between the first year that data were reported for each site and 2018 was calculated at 174 sites across southern Canada. A Mann-Kendall test was used to assess whether there was a statistically-significant increasing or decreasing trend in the annual guideline deviation ratios at a site. The trend was calculated at each site using parameters specific to the site. Therefore, an improving or a deteriorating water quality does not necessarily imply a change in water quality category. For more information on the trend, consult the Data sources and methods section. Source: Data assembled by Environment and Climate Change Canada from federal, provincial and joint water quality monitoring programs. The average water quality in a river tends to change slowly. Natural factors, such as snow and rainfall, affect water quality by washing pollution that builds up on the surface of roads and fields into the river. A dry year could mean better water quality, because less pollution is washed into the river. On the other hand, a drought could lead to worse quality as there is less water to dilute pollution from point sources like urban sewage outflows. A changing climate that results in longer or more frequent wet or dry periods will affect water quality depending on the region. How the landscape is developed also impacts how quickly water quality changes. Altered landscapes, industrial and sewage effluents, and atmospheric deposition2 can all affect water quality. Water quality in a river can be improved by modernizing wastewater treatment plants and factories, adopting environmental farming practices, or planting native vegetation along river banks, among other actions.

2 Atmospheric deposition refers to the phenomenon through which pollutants, including gases and particles are deposited from the atmosphere in the form of dust or precipitation, ultimately entering fresh water systems.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-69 Water Quality & Quantity

Regional water quality in Canadian rivers Key results x The Atlantic Ocean, Mackenzie River and regions had the highest proportion of sites with good or excellent water quality (58%, 50%, and 42% respectively) x The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, Pacific Ocean and Hudson Bay regions had the highest proportion of sites with marginal or poor water quality (26%, 24% and 18%, respectively) x Water quality at the majority of sites across Canada was rated fair

Figure 3. Regional water quality, Canada, 2016 to 2018 period

Data for Figure 3 Note: For the Regional water quality in Canadian rivers indicator, water quality was assessed at 193 sites across Canada using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's water quality index. Compared to the national indicator, the Regional water quality in Canadian rivers indicator uses 19 additional monitoring sites and includes more sites in the northern portions of the Mackenzie River and Pacific Ocean regions. Source: Data assembled by Environment and Climate Change Canada from federal, provincial, territorial and joint water quality monitoring programs. Water quality varies widely across Canada. For the 2016 to 2018 period: x The highest proportion of sites rated good or excellent was found in areas where there was very little human development upstream. The Atlantic Ocean and Mackenzie River regions have the highest proportion of undeveloped sites in Canada x The highest proportion of sites rated marginal or poor was found in areas where there was urban development or mining, combined with agriculture, forestry or a combination of all 4

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. This and other Environmental Indicators can be found at no cost online at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html.

E-70 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Water quantity in Canadian rivers

Canada is a water-rich country. However, too much or too little water can lead to serious problems. When there is too little water, there may not be enough water to irrigate farmland and there may be drought. When there is too much, rivers may flood. These indicators provide information about water flows across Canada. Key results  From 2001 to 2017, most Canadian rivers had normal water quantity  Since 2010, there has been an increase in sites with a higher-than-normal water quantity  The percentage of stations with a lower-than-normal water quantity has declined since 2001

Figure 1. Water quantity at monitoring stations, Canada, 2001 to 2017

Data for Figure 1 Note: The water quantity classification for a station is based on a comparison of the most frequently observed flow condition in a given year with typical water quantity at that station between 1981 and 2010. Data from Northern Quebec are missing for 2016 and 2017 and from the Arctic Coast-Islands for 2017 because of delays in getting data into the database. The results for this indicator vary slightly from those in the Regional water quantity in Canadian rivers indicator because of differences in the methods used to calculate the indicators. For more information, please see Data sources and methods. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019) National Water Data Archive (HYDAT). In 2017, there were 766 water quantity monitoring stations located across 23 of Canada's 25 drainage regions.1 Overall, water quantity at 26% of the stations across Canada had a higher-than-normal water quantity, 6% had lower-than-normal quantity and 68% had normal quantity. Water quantity in Canadian rivers is measured as water flow, or the volume of water moving over a point, over a fixed period of time. Water flows in rivers generally follow changes in temperature, rainfall and snowfall throughout

1 A drainage region is a variant of the Standard Drainage Area Classification (SDAC) that defines Canada's land and interior freshwater lakes into 11 major drainage areas, 164 sub-drainage areas and 974 sub-sub-drainage areas. Each of the 25 drainage regions used in this indicator is a customized grouping based on the SDAC's sub-sub-drainage areas. Statistics Canada (2003) Standard Drainage Area Classification. Retrieved on September 23, 2019.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-71 Water Quality & Quantity

the year. More precipitation increases the amount of water in rivers, whereas warmer temperatures and less rainfall or snowfall will result in less water. Generally, water flows are highest right after the snow melts in the early spring and gradually dry up through the summer and fall. Over longer time scales, the amount of water in rivers is also affected by weather patterns and ocean surface temperatures which interact to influence the amount of rain or snow that falls. For example, extended summer droughts on the Prairies tend to take place when the southern Pacific Ocean warms during El Niño Southern Oscillation events. In an El Niño year, lower-than-normal water flows are generally seen on the Prairies. The Prairies experience more rain and snow when the ocean cools during La Niña events.2 When this happens, higher-than-normal flows are found in the Prairies. Climate change may increase the strength and occurrence of the El Niño Southern Oscillations.

2 Bonsal B and Shabbar A (2010) Large-scale climate oscillations influencing Canada, 1900-2008. Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010, Technical Thematic Report No. 4. Retrieved on September 23, 2019.

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Regional water quantity in Canadian rivers 2020 Up-Date Environmental Key results In 2017, at the drainage region level,  water quantity conditions in 16 of the 23 drainage regions monitored were normal  higher-than-normal water flows were observed in northern British Columbia, much of the Prairie provinces, northern Ontario and southern Quebec  there were no drainage regions with lower-than-normal water quantity

Figure 2. Water quantity status of drainage regions, Canada, 2017

Data for Figure 2 Note: The 2017 water quantity classification for a drainage region is based on the category (low, normal, high) for the most downstream monitoring station in the drainage region with more than 30 years of data. The flows are for the Canadian portions of the drainage regions.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-73 Water Quality & Quantity

There are not enough data to describe the Arctic Coast-Islands (8) and Northern Quebec (18) drainage regions. The results for this indicator vary slightly from those in the National and Local water quantity in Canadian rivers indicators because it uses data for the most downstream site in the drainage region. For more information, please see Data sources and methods. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2019) National Water Data Archive (HYDAT). To characterize water quantity at a regional level, monitoring stations for the most downstream site in the drainage region are used. In 2017, 324 of the 766 monitoring stations are included to analyse the water quantity level. Every year in Canada is marked by weather extremes and 2017 was no exception. These extreme events do not always translate into major changes in seasonal or long term water quantity. For example, British Columbia experienced record dry summer conditions3 but over the whole year water quantity in the province was mostly normal. By contrast, eastern Ontario and Quebec experienced record spring flooding and rain fall3 that did result in higher-than-normal water quantity over the year in those regions. Although lower-than-normal flows were observed in some monitoring stations in 2017, the flows did not represent a large enough percentage of the drainage region to result in a low water quantity classification for the region.

3 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (2017) Canada's Top Ten Weather Stories for 2017. Retrieved on September 23, 2019.

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. This and other Environmental Indicators can be found at no cost online at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html.

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Human Activity and the Environment 2016: Freshwater in Canada niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Highlights Human Activity and the Environment 2016: Freshwater in Canada provides up-to-date statistics on freshwater supply and demand and includes maps, charts and tables for each of Canada’s 25 drainage regions. The following bullets present selected highlights from the report: • Canada is rich in freshwater resources. It has the third largest renewable freshwater supply worldwide and the second largest amount per capita among developed countries, at 103,899 m3 per person. • The average annual water yield1 for Canada from 1971 to 2013 was 3,478 km3 or 0.349 m3/m2, equivalent to a depth of 349 mm across the extent of the country. • The annual water yield in southern Canada fluctuated over time, from a high of 1,544 km3 in 1974 to a low of 1,165 km3 in 1987. The water yield decreased from 1971 to 1987 and then began a gradual recovery to 2012, with a dip in the late 1990s to early 2000s. • The Pacific Coastal drainage region in British Columbia had the highest water yield per unit area in the country at 1.5 m3/m2. The lowest yields were found in the Missouri, Assiniboine–Red, South Saskatchewan and North Saskatchewan drainage regions in the Prairies, which had an average annual water yield per unit area of 0.05 m3/m2. • Water yield varies throughout the year, with the highest flows generally in spring and early summer. The median monthly water yield for southern Canada from 1971 to 2013 peaked at 218 km3 in May, but dropped to 76 km3 in August, with a low of 50 km3 in February. • Water yields in the Okanagan–Similkameen and the Assiniboine–Red drainage regions are the most heavily dominated by spring flows—in these areas the median water yields for April, May and June accounted for 75% and 77% respectively of the annual flows over the 1971 to 2013 period. In contrast, the peak median water yields occurred later in the year and declined more gradually in the South and North Saskatchewan drainage regions. • In 2013, monthly maximum turbidity values for surface water sources were highest in the Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson, North Saskatchewan and Assiniboine–Red drainage regions in the Prairies and in the St. Lawrence drainage region, while the lowest levels were seen in drainage regions in British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces. • In 2013, water withdrawals for economic and household activities totaled 37,892 million m3 (37.9 km3). Industry or households withdrew 87% of this water directly from rivers, lakes and groundwater, while the remainder was supplied by drinking water plants. Although some of this water was consumed—for example, lost to evaporation, transpiration or included in products—the majority was returned back to the environment after use. • The main water users in 2013 were electric power generation, transmission and distribution (68%); manufacturing (10%); households (9%); agriculture (5%) and mining and oil and gas extraction (3%). • Total household water use was 3,239 million m3 in 2013, down 16% compared to 3,875 million m3 in 2005, while on a per capita basis water use has dropped from approximately 330 L/person/day to 250 L/person/day. • Looking at water use from the final demand perspective, which attributes water use related to the production of goods and services to the end-user of that product rather than to the producer, households were responsible for 53% of total water use in 2013, followed by the production of goods and services for export at 30%. • Challenges in balancing water supplies to water demand tend to peak in late summer. The highest surface water intake to water yield ratios for August 2013 occurred in the Assiniboine–Red and in the Great Lakes drainage regions, followed by the South Saskatchewan and Okanagan–Similkameen. Higher intake to yield ratios point to a higher possibility for water shortages, conflicts between competing uses and the potential for insufficient instream flows for ecosystem requirements.

1 Water yield estimates are derived from data on the monthly volume of unregulated flows in Canada’s rivers and streams. Although the water yield provides an estimate of renewable freshwater, it can include some water that is considered non-renewable (e.g., melt water from receding glaciers). A more complete discussion of the methodology for estimating water yield is presented in Appendix D and in Statistics Canada, 2009, “The water yield for Canada as a thirty-year average (1971 to 2000): Concepts, methodology and initial results,” Environment Accounts and Statistics Analytical and Technical Paper Series, Catalogue no. 16-001-M, no.7, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-001-m/16-001-m2009007-eng.htm.

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Section 1: Introduction Canada’s natural environment produces an abundance of freshwater that sustains ecosystems and supplies many benefits to people. This freshwater provides vital supplies of drinking water, supports food and timber production, dilutes and carries our wastes, and allows for a myriad of other activities such as hydro-electric production, manufacturing, mining, transport and recreation. Water is also an integral part of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat for fish and other organisms. The amount and quality of freshwater supplied to ecosystems varies from year to year, but also according to seasons and across the different regions of the country. This freshwater supply function can be altered and degraded by human activities—for example, climate and land cover change influence aspects of the water cycle (Textbox 1.1), while runoff and wastewater discharge from urban areas and from agriculture, forestry, mining and other activities will affect water quality. Human Activity and the Environment 2016: Freshwater in Canada provides up-to-date statistics on freshwater supply and demand and includes maps, charts and tables for each of Canada’s 25 drainage regions. It also provides data on some of the factors that influence the supply and quality of freshwater. The report relies on hydrometric data tracking streamflow, survey data on drinking water plants, industrial and agricultural water use, as well as data drawn from numerous other sources to characterize some of the pressures affecting the provision of freshwater. The report is organized as follows: Section 2: Freshwater supply and demand provides updated statistics on water yield, water quality and water use. Section 3: Drainage region profiles provides highlights, maps, tables and charts characterizing water supply, demand and various factors affecting the provision of freshwater for each of Canada’s 25 drainage regions. Appendices: include a glossary of water terminology, methodology information, equivalences and comprehensive data tables. The annual Human Activity and the Environment publications bring together data from many sources to present a statistical portrait of Canada’s environment, with special emphasis on human activity and its relationship to natural elements—air, water, soil, plants and animals. Each issue provides accessible and relevant information on an environmental issue of concern to Canadians.

Textbox 1.1 What you need to know about this study The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water between the earth and the atmosphere (Figure 1.1). Water evaporates from surfaces, sublimates from snow or ice or is transpired by plants. The water vapour rises through the air, cools and condenses, forming clouds. When the water droplets in clouds combine and grow heavier, they fall to the earth as precipitation—rain, snow or hail. Water is also supplied to ecosystems as dew and fog. It is stored as snowpack and in glaciers, runs overland into streams, rivers and lakes, infiltrates into the soil where it becomes soil moisture, or travels downward through the soil to the water table, becoming groundwater. Groundwater flows slowly underground and is discharged back to surface water systems through wells, springs and seepage into streams, rivers, lakes and oceans. Groundwater can also be stored in aquifers for hundreds or even thousands of years.

E-76 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental 2 Figure 1.1 Hydrological cycle

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment Canada, 2013.

Most water is found in the oceans—freshwater makes up less than 3% of water on earth. This freshwater is found in glaciers, ice and snow, in streams, lakes, rivers and wetlands and as groundwater and soil moisture. Renewable freshwater refers to the water that regularly replenishes our rivers, lakes and aquifers. Non-renewable freshwater describes water that is stored in deep aquifers, ice caps and glaciers that have a negligible rate of recharge on a human time scale. Some freshwater in the Great Lakes and other major water bodies can also be considered non-renewable since the renewal rates are very low. The water yield is an estimate of renewable freshwater. It is derived from data on the unregulated flow of water in rivers and streams in Canada. Although the water yield provides an estimate of renewable freshwater, it can include some water that is considered non-renewable (e.g., melt water from receding glaciers). Where possible, data are aggregated and presented by drainage region, which groups 974 sub-sub-drainage areas representing all land and interior freshwater bodies into 25 drainage regions (Map 1.1).2 These drainage regions can be further grouped according to their outflow into one of five ocean drainage areas: the Pacific Ocean, , Gulf of Mexico, Hudson Bay or Atlantic Ocean. This geography is a variant of Statistics Canada’s official classification of drainage areas, the Standard Drainage Area Classification (SDAC) 2003 (www.statcan. gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/sdac/sdac).

2 Spatial data files (ArcGIS®, file extension: .shp) for this map can be downloaded from the HTML version of the publication, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/16-201-x2017000-eng.htm.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-77 Water Quality & Quantity

Map 1.1 Drainage regions of Canada

ARCTIC OCEAN

5

Whitehorse ! 8 !Iqaluit 7 !

16 1

Hudson 25 Bay 6 PACIFIC St. John's OCEAN 2 15 18 !Edmonton ! !Vancouver 10 14 ! ! 22 Victoria 4 Charlottetown 11 17 Regina 3 ! Québec Winnipeg ! Calgary 12 ! 24 ! ! 13 ! ATLANTIC 9 21 Halifax OCEAN 20 ! 23 ! Ottawa Fredericton Pacific Ocean Montréal Ocean drainage 19 ! Toronto 1 Pacific Coastal area boundary 2 Fraser–Lower Mainland 0250500km 3 Okanagan–Similkameen Hudson Bay 4 Columbia 5 Yukon 10 North Saskatchewan 11 South Saskatchewan Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean 12 Assiniboine–Red 19 Great Lakes 6 Peace–Athabasca 13 Winnipeg 20 Ottawa 7 Lower Mackenzie 14 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 21 St. Lawrence 8 Arctic Coast–Islands 15 Churchill 22 North Shore–Gaspé 16 Keewatin–Southern 23 Saint John–St. Croix Gulf of Mexico 17 Northern Ontario 24 Maritime Coastal 9Missouri 18 Northern Quebec 25 Newfoundland–Labrador

Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2009, special tabulation from Pearse, P.H., F. Bertrand and J.W. MacLaren, 1985, Currents of Change: Final Report of the Inquiry on Federal Water Policy, Environment Canada, Ottawa.

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Section 2: Freshwater supply and demand 2020 Up-Date Environmental Canada is the second largest country in the world and has the third largest renewable freshwater supply worldwide (Table 2.1). Among developed countries, its water resources per capita are exceeded only by Iceland’s.3 However, this freshwater is not always easily available for use since it is unevenly distributed across the landmass and its supply varies from month to month and year to year. Water use per capita is also among the highest in the world—it is surpassed only by the United States. As a proportion of the total renewable freshwater resource, Canadian water withdrawals for industry, households and agricultural use are relatively low (1%). However, challenges in balancing supply and use can still be an issue due to the temporal and regional variation of water supply and demand. Water use and other human activities can also have impacts on the quality of freshwater resources and the health of ecosystems. Monitoring changes in water resources, their quality and use is important, particularly given the changing demand for water resources due to demographic and economic factors, resource development, as well as ongoing changes in precipitation and temperature patterns and extreme weather events.

Table 2.1 Renewable freshwater resources, water use and gross domestic product for selected countries 1 2 Total area, Population, Total renewable freshwater resources Total water withdrawals Gross domestic 2014 2015 Per year Per capita Per area Per year Per capita product, 2014 million US dollars km2 thousand km3/year m3 per capita m3/m2 km3/year m3 per capita US dollars per capita3 Algeria 2,381,740 39,667 12 294 0.005 8 225 213,518 5,383 Argentina 2,780,400 43,417 876 20,181 0.315 38 898 543,490 12,518 Australia 7,741,220 23,969 492 20,527 0.064 20 824 1,471,439 61,389 Brazil 8,515,770 207,848 8,647 41,603 1.015 75 370 2,346,523 11,290 Canada 9,978,923 35,852 3,478 103,899 0.349 38 1,078 1,785,390 49,799 China 9,600,000 1,407,306 2,840 2,018 0.296 554 411 10,430,590 7,412 Egypt 1,001,450 91,508 58 637 0.058 78 911 282,242 3,084 France 549,090 64,395 211 3,277 0.384 33 521 2,829,192 43,935 Germany 357,170 80,689 154 1,909 0.431 33 411 3,868,291 47,941 India 3,287,260 1,311,051 1,911 1,458 0.581 761 602 2,054,941 1,567 Mexico 1,964,380 127,017 462 3,637 0.235 80 658 1,294,695 10,193 Russian Federation 17,098,250 143,457 4,525 31,543 0.265 66 456 1,849,940 12,895 South Africa 1,219,090 54,490 51 936 0.042 13 270 349,819 6,420 United States 9,831,510 321,774 3,069 9,538 0.312 486 1,543 17,348,072 53,914 1. Renewable water resource data are the long-term total renewable freshwater resources (typically 1961 to 1990) listed in the United Nations AQUASTAT database for 2014, with the exception of Canada, which uses the long term average yield from 1971 to 2012 produced by Statistics Canada. The per capita values for Canada use population from the 2011 Census to be consistent with per capita water yield values by drainage region in Table 2.2. 2. Total water withdrawal volumes are for 2013 for Australia and Canada, 2012 for Algeria, 2011 for Mexico and Argentina, 2010 for France, Germany, Brazil, India, Egypt and the United States, 2005 for China, 2001 for the Russian Federation and 2000 for South Africa. Excluding Canada, total and per capita withdrawal values were taken from the AQUASTAT Main Database. Canada’s total and per capita withdrawals were updated to 2013 using Statistics Canada’s Physical Flow Account and population estimates. 3. Per capita gross domestic product is calculated using the 2015 population data. Note: Countries were chosen by reason of historical comparability with Human Activity and the Environment 2010, availability of current data and geographic coverage. They include nine of the top ten countries by total area and six of the top ten by total volume of renewable freshwater resources. Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2016, AQUASTAT Main Database and country-specific factsheets, www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_res/index. stm (accessed August 15, 2016); United Nations Statistics Division, 2016, “GDP by Type of Expenditure at current prices - US dollars,” National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates, http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=GDP+US+dollars&d=SNAAMA&f=grID:101;currID:USD;pcFlag:0&c=2,3,5,6&s=_crEngNameOrderBy:asc,yr:desc&v=1 (accessed May 18, 2016); Statistics Canada, CANSIM Tables 153-0116 and 051-0001, www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/home-accueil?&lang=eng&MM=as (accessed May 17, 2016).

3 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2016, AQUASTAT Main Database, www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastsate/water_res/index.stm (accessed May 17, 2016).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-79 Water Quality & Quantity

2.1 Renewable freshwater in Canada Canada’s many different landscapes and climate regions result in considerable challenges when measuring when, where, and how much freshwater is provided to ecosystems; how much is available for human use; and if the rate of renewal may be changing over time. As well, water quality varies naturally and can be degraded by human activities (Textbox 2.1).

Water yield Water yield4 is an estimate of freshwater runoff into streams and rivers and provides information on Canada’s renewable freshwater supply. The average annual water yield for Canada from 1971 to 20135 was 3,478 km3 or 0.349 m3/m2, equivalent to a depth of 349 mm across the extent of the country. Overall, this yield corresponds to renewable freshwater resources of 103,899 m3 per person (Table 2.2). The distribution of water yield varies widely across the country (Map 2.1).6 The Pacific Coastal drainage region in British Columbia had the highest water yield per unit area in the country at 1.5 m3/m2. On a per capita basis, an average of 339,002 m3 of renewable water were produced per person in this drainage region. The lowest yields were found in the Prairies—the average annual water yield per unit area for the Missouri, Assiniboine– Red, South Saskatchewan and North Saskatchewan drainage regions was 0.05 m3/m2. Average water yield per capita was also comparatively low—an average of 5,689 m3/person.

4 Water yield estimates are derived from data on the monthly volume of unregulated flows in Canada’s rivers and streams. Although the water yield provides an estimate of renewable freshwater, it can include some water that is considered non-renewable (e.g., melt water from receding glaciers). A more complete discussion of the methodology for estimating water yield is presented in Appendix D and in Statistics Canada, 2009, “The Water Yield for Canada as a Thirty-year Average (1971 to 2000): Concepts, Methodology and Initial Results,” Environment Accounts and Statistics Analytical and Technical Paper Series, Catalogue no. 16-001-M, no.7, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-001-m/16-001-m2009007-eng.htm. 5 The water yield estimates are 42-year annual averages (1971 to 2013), with the exception of estimates for drainage region 1, which is based on 41 years of data (1971 to 2012); drainage regions 5, 7, 17 and 18 and portions of 8, 16 and 25 (Labrador), which are based on 20 years of data (1976 to 1995); and portions of drainage region 8 and 16, which are based on a 23-year average (1972 to 1994) for the Arctic Archipelago (Spence and Burke, 2008). These different time periods are used due to lower availability of hydrometric data in the North. As well, because there are fewer stations in northern Canada, only the long-term average annual water yield is publishable for these regions—data quality was insufficient to derive the monthly water yield or the change over time. 6 Spatial data files (ArcGIS®, file extension: .shp) for this map can be downloaded from the HTML version of the publication, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/16-201-x2017000-eng.htm.

E-80 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Table 2.2 Average annual water yield and selected statistics by drainage region, 1971 to 2013 Average annual Water yield Water yield Water yield Average annual Population, water yield, per area, per capita, variability index, evapotranspiration, Total area1 2011 1971 to 20132 1971 to 20132 1971 to 2013 1971 to 20133 1981 to 20104 code km2 persons km3 m3/m2 m3/person monthly CV m3/m2 Canada … 9,978,923 33,476,688 3,478.2 0.35 103,899 1.05 0.23 Pacific Coastal 1 334,455 1,505,007 510.2 1.53 339,002 0.50 0.26 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 233,104 2,336,941 129.3 0.55 55,337 0.83 0.33 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 15,603 327,548 4.3 0.27 13,070 1.44 0.41 Columbia 4 87,323 160,896 67.9 0.78 422,042 1.04 0.41 Yukon 5 332,906 32,280 106.0 0.32 3,283,759 .. 0.14 Peace–Athabasca 6 485,145 406,303 99.5 0.21 244,789 1.01 0.31 Lower Mackenzie 7 1,330,490 52,844 246.3 0.19 4,660,913 .. 0.17 Arctic Coast–Islands 8 1,764,280 20,133 231.3 0.13 11,488,870 .. 0.11 Missouri 9 27,096 8,439 0.5 0.02 62,660 2.14 0.33 North Saskatchewan 10 150,151 1,559,613 10.4 0.07 6,700 1.04 0.34 South Saskatchewan 11 177,623 2,168,447 10.3 0.06 4,732 1.10 0.34 Assiniboine–Red 12 190,704 1,464,936 8.4 0.04 5,702 2.49 0.39 Winnipeg 13 107,655 82,775 25.9 0.24 312,611 0.87 0.40 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 360,887 216,586 51.7 0.14 238,501 0.92 0.32 Churchill 15 313,568 94,292 51.0 0.16 541,004 0.75 0.24 Keewatin–Southern Baffin Island 16 939,569 13,968 192.0 0.20 13,745,664 .. 0.13 Northern Ontario 17 691,809 134,355 199.2 0.29 1,482,638 .. 0.31 Northern Quebec 18 940,193 109,239 516.3 0.55 4,726,324 .. 0.18 Great Lakes 19 317,860 11,287,184 133.3 0.42 11,806 0.72 0.48 Ottawa 20 146,353 1,957,937 64.3 0.44 32,858 0.80 0.47 St. Lawrence 21 118,733 6,583,552 72.3 0.61 10,983 0.76 0.39 North Shore–Gaspé 22 369,095 508,869 290.4 0.79 570,600 0.91 0.27 Saint John–St. Croix 23 41,903 413,581 29.8 0.71 72,156 0.89 0.48 Maritime Coastal 24 122,057 1,515,262 103.6 0.85 68,343 1.03 0.47 Newfoundland–Labrador 25 380,361 515,698 324.2 0.85 628,662 .. 0.23 Newfoundland (Island)5 … 111,186 487,808 125.6 1.13 257,404 0.62 0.34 1. Total area includes land and water. 2. The water yield estimates are 42-year annual averages (1971 to 2013), with the exception of estimates for drainage region 1, which is based on 41 years of data (1971 to 2012); drainage regions 5, 7, 17 and 18 and portions of 8, 16 and 25 (Labrador), which are based on 20 years of data (1976 to 1995); and portions of drainage region 8 and 16, which are based on a 23- year average (1972 to 1994) for the Arctic Archipelago (Spence and Burke, 2008). 3. Variability is measured by using a coefficient of variation (CV) that allows the comparison of all months in all years of the 42-year time period. The CV of the water yield data is a measure of the dispersion or variation in the monthly yield values over the period 1971 to 2013. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the monthly values to the mean. A higher CV indicates that the monthly data are more variable from year to year. The CV for the Pacific Coastal drainage region is for the period 1971 to 2012. The CV was not calculated for drainage regions 5, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18 and the Labrador portion of 25. 4. Evapotranspiration is taken from a dataset providing estimates of actual evapotranspiration at a 1 km resolution, which is modeled by integrating remote sensing land surface data and gridded climate data. Data exclude the Great Lakes. 5. Data for Newfoundland (Island) are disaggregated from the Newfoundland–Labrador drainage region because data on the variability index, monthly water yield and trends in water yield over time are only available for this portion of the region. Note: The water yield and evapotranspiration statistics are provided to allow comparisons across regions. They are not intended to be used for the purposes of a water budget. Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2017, special tabulation from the 2011 Census of Population; Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2015, Water Survey of Canada, Archived Hydrometric Data (HYDAT), www.ec.gc.ca/rhc-wsc/default.asp?lang=En&n=4EED50F1-1 (accessed December 3rd, 2015); Spence, C. and A. Burke, 2008, “Estimates of Canadian Arctic archipelago runoff from observed hydrometric data,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 362, pp. 247–259; Wang, S., Y. Yang, Y. Luo and A. Rivera, 2013, “Spatial and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration over Canada’s landmass,” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 3561–3575, doi: 10.5194/ hess-17-3561-2013.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-81 Water Quality & Quantity

Map 2.1 Average annual runoff in Canada, 1971 to 2013

Runoff (mm)

• 3,000 2,000 to < 3,000 1,000 to < 2,000 800 to < 1,000 ARCTIC OCEAN 600 to < 800 400 to < 600 200 to < 400 100 to < 200 100 100 50 to < 100

200 200 < 50

400 Drainage region boundaries 800 Whitehorse 600 ! Northern limit of 2013 data

200 ! Iqaluit 200 Spence and Burke, 2008 400 Yellowknife !

200 1000 600

100

800 50 50 400 400 Hudson 2000 200 Bay 600 100 50 PACIFIC 3000 St. OCEAN 800 200 John's 100

3000 1000 Edmonton 100 1000

! 600

2000 2000 100 ! 800 1000 ! Calgary 200

! Vancouver ! 50 Victoria

400 Regina ! Charlottetown Winnipeg ! ! 400 800 ! !1000 Québec ! 800 Halifax

600 Montréal 400 ! Ottawa ! 600 Fredericton

ATLANTIC ! OCEAN 400 Toronto

0400800200 km

Note: Runoff data were derived from discharge values from hydrometric stations with natural flows for the period 1971 to 2013 below the boundary delineated on the map and 1971 to 2004 above the boundary line with the exception of the Arctic Islands where estimates were taken from Spence and Burke, 2008. Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2017, based on data from Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2015, Water Survey of Canada, Archived Hydrometric Data (HYDAT), www.ec.gc.ca/rhc-wsc/default.asp?lang=En&n=4EED50F1-1 (accessed December 3, 2015); Spence, C. and A. Burke, 2008, “Estimates of Canadian Arctic Archipelago runoff from observed hydrometric data,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 362, pp. 247–259.

E-82 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental 11 .12Table .13 . 2.3 Freshwater quality, by drainage region, 2010 to 2012 Freshwater quality Poor Marginal Fair Good Excellent Total code number of sites Canada … 3 27 64 69 9 172 Pacific Coastal 1 0 04206 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 0 23117 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 0 01102 Columbia 4 0 02507 Peace–Athabasca 6 0 14016 North Saskatchewan 10 0 02406 South Saskatchewan 11 0 225211 Assiniboine–Red 12 0 393015 Winnipeg 13 0 00011 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 0 147012 Great Lakes 19 0 564116 Ottawa 20 0 126110 St. Lawrence 21 3 8 12 5 0 28 Saint John–St. Croix 23 0 037010 Maritime Coastal 24 0 278118 Newfoundland–Labrador 25 0 2 3 11 1 17 Note: Freshwater quality was assessed at 172 sites using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment’s Water Quality Index (www.ccme.ca/en/resources/canadian_ environmental_quality_guidelines/calculators.html). Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016, “Regional freshwater quality in Canadian rivers,” Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators, www.ec.gc.ca/ indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=En&n=1C71AB61-1 (accessed April 15, 2016).

Surface water sources used to produce drinking water for communities are monitored so that drinking water plants can ensure appropriate water treatment including filtration and disinfection. One important measure of the quality of source water for drinking water treatment plants is turbidity, which refers to the relative cloudiness of water, caused by suspended particles in the water. These particles can include clay, silts, metals, organic matter and microorganisms.11 There is a considerable range in the level of suspended sediment that occurs naturally.12 These levels vary between watersheds and seasonally within watersheds, generally increasing during spring runoff and declining during summer low-flow periods. Since turbidity can be affected by runoff and erosion, it can therefore be affected by human activities that disturb land, such as construction, logging, mining, farming, as well as many others. Sudden increases in turbidity in water bodies that are normally clear can indicate a water quality problem. In 2013, the Survey of Drinking Water Plants collected information on monthly maximum turbidity values for surface water sources. These values were highest in the Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson, North Saskatchewan and Assiniboine–Red drainage regions in the Prairies and in the St. Lawrence drainage region, while the lowest levels were seen in drainage regions in British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces (Map 2.3).13 Results were similar for 2011.

11 Statistics Canada, 2015, “Source water quality, 2013,” Environment Fact Sheets, Catalogue no. 16-508-X, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-508-x/16-508-x2015009-eng.htm. 12 Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2016, “Suspended Sediment Load in Select Canadian Rivers,” Erosion & Sedimentation, www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default. asp?lang=En&n=32121A74-1#sec5 (accessed August 11, 2016). 13 Statistics Canada, 2015, “Source water quality, 2013,” Environment Fact Sheets, Catalogue no. 16-508-X, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-508-x/16-508-x2015009-eng.htm.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-83 Water Quality & Quantity

Table 2.6 Water intake in manufacturing industries, by type of supply, water source and drainage region, 2013 Publicly-supplied Self-supplied Freshwater Saline Saline water source, Freshwater Freshwater water source, Total Total water Freshwater surface water source, source, source, groundwater self-supplied, intake, source bodies groundwater other tidewater and other all sources all sources code million cubic metres Canada … 458.5 3,062.6 137.6 104.6 190.7 x 3,497.5 3,956.0 Pacific Coastal 1 x 233.2 x x 46.6 0.0 x 315.4 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 17.4 202.6 10.9 28.7 0.0 F 242.2 259.6 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 3.3 F x F 0.0 x 0.1 3.4 Columbia 4 x x 0.4 x 0.0 0.0 x 0.0 Yukon 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Peace–Athabasca 6 x 142.2 x x 0.0 x x 176.9 Lower Mackenzie 7 0.0 0.0 x x 0.0 0.0 x x Arctic Coast–Islands 8 x 0.0 0.0 x 0.0 0.0 x x Missouri 9 x 0.0 x 0.0 0.0 0.0 x x North Saskatchewan 10 14.2 38.9 x x 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.9 South Saskatchewan 11 26.6 49.5 F 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.9 Assiniboine–Red 12 21.1 x 17.0 x 0.0 x 0.0 39.2 Winnipeg 13 0.3 x 0.0 F 0.0 0.0 x x Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 x 27.0 1.6 x 0.0 0.0 x 29.6 Churchill 15 0.0 x x x 0.0 0.0 x x Keewatin–Southern Baffin Island 16 x x 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 x x Northern Ontario 17 x x F 0.0 0.0 0.0 x 42.8 Northern Quebec 18 0.7 x 0.3 F 0.0 0.0 x x Great Lakes 19 115.0 1,250.1 10.3 x 0.0 x 1,261.8 1,376.8 Ottawa 20 5.8 127.5 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 128.3 134.1 St. Lawrence 21 146.9 529.4 17.7 x 0.0 x 577.1 724.0 North Shore–Gaspé 22 4.9 83.2 0.8 x x x 84.5 89.4 Saint John–St. Croix 23 54.6 72.1 2.8 2.3 4.7 0.2 82.2 136.8 Maritime Coastal 24 x 43.2 25.9 x 133.4 F x 244.5 Newfoundland–Labrador 25 11.7 x F x x 0.0 7.3 19.0 Sources: Statistics Canada, CANSIM Tables 153-0051 and 153-0050 (www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/home-accueil?&lang=eng&MM=as) (accessed May 3, 2016).

E-84 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Chart 2.12 Per capita residential water use, 2013

Newfoundland and Labrador Yukon British Columbia Prince Edward Island Quebec Northwest Territories New Brunswick Canada Nova Scotia Ontario Saskatchewan Manitoba Alberta Nunavut

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 litres per person per day

Note: At the national level, the sector of water use was unknown for 21% of publicly-supplied water. The provinces and territories with the highest percentage of unknown water use were Newfoundland and Labrador (72%), Northwest Territories, (71%), New Brunswick (60%), and Québec (30%). Figures in this chart represent the results for plants that reported the percentage of potable water used by the residential sector. Higher proportions of unknown water use reduce the accuracy of average daily residential water use estimates. Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM Table 153-0127 (accessed April 1, 2016).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-85 Water Quality & Quantity

Chart 2.15 Water use by final demand category, 2013

Total, industries and households

Personal expenditure (households)

International exports

Gross fixed capital formation

Government net current expenditure

Non-profit institutions serving households' consumption expenditure 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 million cubic metres

Note: Water use by the electric power generation, transmission and distribution industry does not include water use for hydro-electric power generation. The category personal expenditure includes direct household water use in addition to the industrial amounts required to satisfy household demand for goods and services. Final demand results are derived from a hybrid input-output model that combines physical data by industry with economic data on production and consumption of goods and services. See the Methodological Guide: Canadian System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, Catalogue no. 16-509-X for more information. Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM Table 153-0129 (accessed February 9, 2017).

Competing water demands In certain areas of the country, concerns have been raised about the allocation of water among competing water demands including drinking water, agriculture, manufacturing and other industries during periods of water scarcity.86 Lower than normal streamflows can have significant economic effects on agriculture, fisheries, municipalities and industries including electricity production, while also impacting water quality, aquatic habitat and opportunities for recreation.87 Balancing the demand for water from these different sectors may be more challenging during the summer months, which often coincide with increased demand for irrigation and municipal water, while at the same time water supplies are at a low.88

86 Hipel, K.W. , L. Fang and L. Wang, 2013, “Fair water resources allocation with application to the South Saskatchewan river basin, Canadian Water Resources Journal, Vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 47–60, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2013.773767 (accessed May 12, 2016). 87 Bonsal, B. and A. Shabbar, 2008, “Impacts of large-scale circulation variability on low streamflows over Canada: A review,” Canadian Water Resources Journal, Vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 137–154; Burn, D.H. et al., 2008, “The processes, patterns and impacts of low flows across Canada,” Canadian Water Resources Journal, Vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 107–124. 88 Schindler, D.W. and W.F. Donahue, 2006, “An impending water crisis in Canada’s western prairie provinces, PNAS, Vol. 103, no. 19, pp. 7210–7216, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/ pnas.0601568103 (accessed May 12, 2016); Essa Technologies Ltd. and Solander Ecological Research, 2009, Instream Flow Needs Analysis for the Okanagan Water Supply & Demand Project, www.obwb.ca/fileadmin/docs/okanagan_instream_flow_needs_analysis_essa.pdf (accessed May 9, 2016); Bradford, M.J. and J.S. Heinonen, 2008, “Low flows, instream flow needs and fish ecology in small streams, Canadian Water Resources Journal, Vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 165–180.

E-86 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Table A.1 Selected land cover and land use statistics by drainage region, 2011 Natural and Natural semi- Built-up Arable land for natural Fertilized Irrigated Barrier Total Water Land area, land, pasture, area, area, area, Barriers, density, area1 area1 area1 20112 20113 20113 20114 20113 20113 20115 20115 code km2 m m/km2 Canada … 9,978,923 1,169,561 8,809,362 59,351 428,953 146,775 9,343,844 249,056 7,665 1,494,919,813 169.7 Pacific Coastal 1 334,455 14,219 320,236 1,547 493 635 331,781 183 79 45,332,602 141.6 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 233,104 8,937 224,167 2,481 3,294 7,786 219,544 1,224 725 84,982,300 379.1 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 15,603 585 15,018 432 342 1,062 13,766 150 182 11,080,603 737.8 Columbia 4 87,323 2,348 84,975 666 403 898 85,356 148 117 29,827,848 351.0 Yukon 5 332,906 9,540 323,366 340 0 0 332,566 0 0 13,344,637 41.3 Peace–Athabasca 6 485,145 16,725 468,420 2,774 30,241 11,018 441,112 15,065 13 77,076,176 164.5 Lower Mackenzie 7 1,330,490 177,000 1,153,490 619 33 32 1,329,806 2 0 21,374,471 18.5 Arctic Coast–Islands 8 1,764,280 175,804 1,588,476 52 0 0 1,764,228 0 0 2,592,429 1.6 Missouri 9 27,096 915 26,181 313 11,264 11,139 4,380 3,931 144 15,343,911 586.1 North Saskatchewan 10 150,151 7,242 142,909 4,608 74,498 23,740 47,305 44,992 94 118,881,300 831.9 South Saskatchewan 11 177,623 6,219 171,404 4,866 89,676 48,350 34,732 51,958 5,236 140,858,590 821.8 Assiniboine–Red 12 190,704 8,846 181,858 5,987 118,065 21,505 45,146 74,969 266 181,360,534 997.3 Winnipeg 13 107,655 20,525 87,130 914 787 349 105,605 316 1 19,766,658 226.9 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 360,887 67,617 293,270 2,290 30,894 9,901 317,802 18,752 117 69,974,401 238.6 Churchill 15 313,568 51,918 261,650 763 5,786 4,753 302,267 1,844 5 18,492,635 70.7 Keewatin–Southern Baffin Island 16 939,569 161,011 778,558 25 0 0 939,544 0 0 385,997 0.5 Northern Ontario 17 691,809 56,064 635,745 878 485 134 690,311 88 0 27,268,966 42.9 Northern Quebec 18 940,193 149,081 791,112 749 214 15 939,215 21 0 19,679,873 24.9 Great Lakes 19 317,860 111,577 206,283 10,998 32,846 2,606 271,411 20,631 397 185,410,480 898.8 Ottawa 20 146,353 14,550 131,803 3,508 6,689 1,163 134,993 2,963 26 84,994,689 644.9 St. Lawrence 21 118,733 8,801 109,932 5,971 15,222 1,000 96,540 8,451 206 120,259,882 1,093.9 North Shore–Gaspé 22 369,095 36,933 332,162 1,599 2,372 48 365,076 700 14 39,638,603 119.3 Saint John–St. Croix 23 41,903 1,716 40,187 1,274 1,340 162 39,128 610 3 33,250,648 827.4 Maritime Coastal 24 122,057 6,495 115,562 4,215 3,922 441 113,480 2,007 40 99,884,596 864.3 Newfoundland–Labrador 25 380,361 54,893 325,468 1,486 87 40 378,749 51 0 33,856,985 104.0 Newfoundland (Island)6 ... 111,186 14,235 96,952 1,240 86 40 109,819 51 0 29,637,886 305.7 1. Total area includes land and water using the Atlas of Canada 1:1,000,000 scale hydrography base and includes the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes. Water area is calculated from the Canada-wide 1-km2 gridded Water Fraction derived from National Topographic Data Base maps. 2. Built-up area estimated for 2011 combines the land use classes for settlements and roads from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Land Use, 2010, supplemented with estimates of settlements and roads for northern areas in drainage regions 1, 5, 7, 8, 16, 18 and 25. Additional information is available in Appendix E. 3. Data for arable land, natural land for pasture, fertilized area and irrigated area are taken from the 2011 Interpolated Census of Agriculture, which aggregates data from the Census of Agriculture by soil landscape and drainage area units. Arable land is the sum of cropland, summerfallow and tame and seeded pasture. Other land on farms (e.g., land occupied by farm buildings, wetlands and woodlots) is included as built-up or natural land. 4. Natural and semi-natural land is the residual after subtracting built-up area, arable land and natural land for pasture from the total area. 5. Barriers include roads, rail lines and electrical transmission lines, but excludes other types of infrastructure such as pipelines. Barrier density refers to the density of these roads, rail line and transmission lines, measured in metres of barriers per square kilometre of land. 6. Data for Newfoundland (Island) are disaggregated from the Newfoundland–Labrador drainage region because data on the variability index, monthly water yield and trends in water yield over time are only available for this portion of the region. Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2017, special tabulation from Fernandes, R., G. Pavlic, W. Chen and R. Fraser, 2001, 1-km Water Fraction From National Topographic Data Base Maps, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Earth Science Sector, www.geogratis.ca/geogratis/en/option/select.do?id=8C3D34AE-5BD5-A83C- DB8C-895FB4AD86C6 (accessed April 28, 2010); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2015, Land Use, 2010, http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/18e3ef1a-497c-40c6-8326- aac1a34a0dec (accessed September 16, 2015); AAFC and Statistics Canada, special tabulation, Census of Agriculture, Census Geographic Component Base 2011; Natural Resources Canada, Earth Sciences Sector, Mapping Information Branch, Centre for Topographic Information, 2012, CanVec, www.geogratis.gc.ca (accessed March 1, 2012).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-87 Water Quality & Quantity

Table A.2 Selected statistics on water supply and demand by drainage region Average Water Average annual Water yield annual Surface water yield variability evapotrans- Water freshwater yield, per area, index,3 piration, Population, Population, Density, Density, use, intake, 1971 to 1971 to 1971 to 1981 to 1971 2011 1971 2011 20131 20131 20132 20132 2013 20104 code persons persons/km2 million m3 km3 m3/m2 monthly CV m3/m2 Canada … 21,568,311 33,476,688 2.4 3.8 37,892 33,464.7 3,478.2 0.35 1.05 0.23 Pacific Coastal 1 913,522 1,505,007 2.9 4.7 . 617.3 510.2 1.53 0.50 0.26 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 971,762 2,336,941 4.3 10.4 . 615.3 129.3 0.55 0.83 0.33 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 118,507 327,548 7.9 21.8 . 148.3 4.3 0.27 1.44 0.41 Columbia 4 132,952 160,896 1.6 1.9 . 190.7 67.9 0.78 1.04 0.41 Yukon 5 16,984 32,280 0.1 0.1 . 12.5 106.0 0.32 .. 0.14 Peace–Athabasca 6 206,361 406,303 0.4 0.9 . 297.3 99.5 0.21 1.01 0.31 Lower Mackenzie 7 34,283 52,844 0.0 0.0 . 10.7 246.3 0.19 .. 0.17 Arctic Coast–Islands 8 7,655 20,133 0.0 0.0 . 1.3 231.3 0.13 .. 0.11 Missouri 9 15,328 8,439 0.6 0.3 . 20.2 0.5 0.02 2.14 0.33 North Saskatchewan 10 841,004 1,559,613 5.9 10.9 . 947.4 10.4 0.07 1.04 0.34 South Saskatchewan 11 949,194 2,168,447 5.5 12.7 . 1,942.3 10.3 0.06 1.10 0.34 Assiniboine–Red 12 1,248,357 1,464,936 6.9 8.1 . 1,522.4 8.4 0.04 2.49 0.39 Winnipeg 13 82,806 82,775 1.0 1.0 . 131.8 25.9 0.24 0.87 0.40 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 238,535 216,586 0.8 0.7 . 70.8 51.7 0.14 0.92 0.32 Churchill 15 63,418 94,292 0.2 0.4 . 7.7 51.0 0.16 0.75 0.24 Keewatin–Southern Baffin Island 16 7,034 13,968 0.0 0.0 . 3.2 192.0 0.20 .. 0.13 Northern Ontario 17 148,658 134,355 0.2 0.2 . 106.0 199.2 0.29 .. 0.31 Northern Quebec 18 90,953 109,239 0.1 0.1 . 30.1 516.3 0.55 .. 0.18 Great Lakes 19 6,632,154 11,287,184 32.2 54.7 . 23,461.0 133.3 0.42 0.72 0.48 Ottawa 20 1,183,662 1,957,937 9.0 14.9 . 364.9 64.3 0.44 0.80 0.47 St. Lawrence 21 4,941,807 6,583,552 45.0 59.9 . 2,045.2 72.3 0.61 0.76 0.39 North Shore–Gaspé 22 518,844 508,869 1.6 1.5 . 203.2 290.4 0.79 0.91 0.27 Saint John–St. Croix 23 366,251 413,581 9.1 10.3 . 174.6 29.8 0.71 0.89 0.48 Maritime Coastal 24 1,318,163 1,515,262 11.4 13.1 . 202.5 103.6 0.85 1.03 0.47 Newfoundland–Labrador 25 520,117 515,698 1.6 1.6 . 338.1 324.2 0.85 .. 0.23 Newfoundland (Island)5 ... 493,938 487,808 5.1 5.0 . .. 125.6 1.13 0.62 0.34 1. Total water use for Canada is taken from the Water Use Account. It is the amount of water withdrawn from water resources to support society in both the economic and residential sectors. Water withdrawals are also referred to as water intake. These estimates include water loss and leakages through water treatment and distribution systems. They exclude the use of water for hydro-electricity production. Surface freshwater intake aggregates data from the Survey of Drinking Water Plants, 2013 and the Industrial Water Use Survey, 2013, with estimates of agricultural water use for 2013 based on the Agricultural Water Use Survey and the Alberta Irrigation Information report. Withdrawals from groundwater, groundwater under the influence of surface water and marine water sources are excluded. Data for water use by the oil and gas industry and households not supplied by a public water provider are also excluded. 2. The water yield estimates are 42-year annual averages (1971 to 2013), with the exception of estimates for drainage region 1, which is based on 41 years of data (1971 to 2012); drainage regions 5, 7, 17 and 18 and portions of 8, 16 and 25 (Labrador), which are based on 20 years of data (1976 to 1995); and portions of drainage region 8 and 16, which are based on a 23- year average (1972 to 1994) for the Arctic Archipelago (Spence and Burke, 2008). For equivalences: 1 km3 is equal to 1 billion m3. 3. Variability is measured by using a coefficient of variation (CV) that allows the comparison of all months in all years of the 42-year time period. The CV of the water yield data is a measure of the dispersion or variation in the monthly yield values over the period 1971 to 2013. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the monthly values to the mean. A higher CV indicates that the monthly data are more variable from year to year. The CV for the Pacific Coastal drainage region is for the period 1971 to 2012. The CV was not calculated for drainage regions 5,7,8,16, 17, 18 and the Labrador portion of 25. 4. Evapotranspiration is taken from a dataset providing estimates of actual evapotranspiration at a 1 km resolution, which is modeled by integrating remote sensing land surface data and gridded climate data. Data exclude the Great Lakes. 5. Data for Newfoundland (Island) are disaggregated from the Newfoundland–Labrador drainage region because data on the variability index, monthly water yield and trends in water yield over time are only available for this portion of the region. Note: The water yield and evapotranspiration statistics are provided to allow comparisons across regions. They are not intended to be used for the purposes of a water budget. Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2017, special tabulation from the 1971 and 2011 Censuses of Population; Statistics Canada, CANSIM Table 153-0116 (http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/home-accueil?&lang=eng&MM=as) (accessed February 9, 2017); Industrial Water Use Survey, 2013; Survey of Drinking Water Plants, 2013; Agricultural Water Use Survey, 2010, 2012 and 2014; Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 2014, Alberta Irrigation Information: Facts and Figures for the Year 2013, Basin Water Management Branch; Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2015, Water Survey of Canada, Archived Hydrometric Data (HYDAT), www.ec.gc.ca/rhc-wsc/default. asp?lang=En&n=4EED50F1-1 (accessed December 3, 2016); Spence, C. and A. Burke, 2008, “Estimates of Canadian Arctic Archipelago runoff from observed hydrometric data,” Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 362, pp. 247–259; Wang, S., Y. Yang, Y. Luo and A. Rivera, 2013, “Spatial and seasonal variations in evapotranspiration over Canada’s landmass,” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 3561–3575, doi: 10.5194/hess-17-3561-2013.

E-88 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Water Quality & Quantity niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Table A.3 Selected indicators of pressures on water quality by drainage region Risk of Residual soil phosphorus nitrogen on release from agricultural agricultural land, soils, Nitrogen Phosphorus normalized Risk of normalized emissions, emissions, Residual soil across the phosphorus across the National National Median nitrogen on total area of release from total area of Pollutant Pollutant monthly agricultural the drainage agricultural the drainage Release Release maximum land, region, soils, region, Inventory, Inventory, turbidity, 20111 20111 20111 20111 20142 20142 20133 nephelometric code kg/ha kg/km2 mg/kg mg/kg tonnes turbidity units Canada … 23.2 133.4 1.7 0.0 754,011 40,443 .. Pacific Coastal 1 22.0 6.8 2.9 0.0 10,390 493 0.9 Fraser–Lower Mainland 2 23.2 105.5 3.3 0.0 26,489 34,660 1.4 Okanagan–Similkameen 3 20.3 184.5 2.6 0.0 201 0 1.4 Columbia 4 21.4 30.2 2.5 0.0 2,468 1,373 0.7 Yukon 5 … … … … 0 0 .. Peace–Athabasca 6 25.4 215.1 1.6 0.0 155,828 133 5.0 Lower Mackenzie 7 26.8 0.1 1.5 0.0 22,559 0 4.6 Arctic Coast–Islands 8 … … … … 7,607 0 F Missouri 9 11.1 922.5 1.6 1.1 16,289 0 F North Saskatchewan 10 20.0 1,314.5 1.5 0.6 127,820 82 9.0 South Saskatchewan 11 14.2 1,099.9 1.8 1.1 107,769 331 6.3 Assiniboine–Red 12 24.7 1,822.4 1.3 0.7 30,260 524 7.7 Winnipeg 13 31.6 30.3 1.8 0.0 1,703 47 2.4 Lower Saskatchewan–Nelson 14 29.4 337.0 1.3 0.0 1,427 10 20.9 Churchill 15 28.0 94.9 1.6 0.0 12,724 0 4.5 Keewatin–Southern Baffin Island 16 … … … … 1,327 0 F Northern Ontario 17 25.4 1.6 2.9 0.0 6,543 19 4.9 Northern Quebec 18 25.0 1.1 3.5 0.0 5,169 13 F Great Lakes 19 37.5 405.6 1.8 0.0 106,099 781 5.0 Ottawa 20 33.2 172.6 2.2 0.0 11,648 139 4.1 St. Lawrence 21 51.8 690.5 3.5 0.1 33,914 890 9.8 North Shore–Gaspé 22 59.8 38.2 2.2 0.0 14,609 195 1.5 Saint John–St. Croix 23 37.2 142.0 3.5 0.0 9,179 228 1.1 Maritime Coastal 24 37.0 128.1 3.2 0.0 29,272 375 1.4 Newfoundland−Labrador 25 56.0 1.6 6.3 0.0 12,718 149 0.7 Newfoundland (Island)4 … 56.0 5.5 6.3 0.0 5,573 148 .. 1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada produces agri-environmental indicators on residual soil nitrogen (RSN) and the risk of phosphorus release (P-source). The RSN indicator provides an estimate of the amount of nitrogen in agricultural soils, in kilograms per hectare, in 2011. RSN accounts for atmospheric deposition, nitrogen fixation, crop inputs (fertilizer and manure), crop removals (harvesting) and gaseous losses of ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas. The P-source is the amount of water extractable phosphorus potentially released from agricultural soils in a given year, in milligrams per kilogram. Agricultural land is taken from the Interpolated Census of Agriculture and includes cropland, summerfallow, tame or seeded pasture and natural land for pasture. It excludes other land (e.g., woodlots, wetlands and land occupied by buildings) on farms. 2. Direct emissions from industrial facilities to air, land and water reported to the National Pollutant Release Inventory in 2014, excluding offshore facilities. For nitrogen, substances include ammonia, nitrate ion in solution, nitric acid and nitrogen oxides. For phosphorous, substances include total phosphorous and yellow phosphorous. Substances are reported in tonnes. 3. Turbidity is a measure of the relative clarity of water measured in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Data are for raw surface water sources from drinking water facilities that reported turbidity data for at least 10 months in 2013. 4. Data for Newfoundland (Island) are disaggregated from the Newfoundland–Labrador drainage region because data on the variability index, monthly water yield and trends in water yield over time are only available for this portion of the region. Sources: Statistics Canada, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division, 2017, special tabulation from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 2015, Agri-environmental Indicator—Residual Soil Nitrogen (RSN), http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3f5acb7c-78e6-4127-8867-ddd70e396476 (accessed September 28, 2016); AAFC, 2015, Agri-environmental Indicator—Risk of P release in agricultural land (P-Source), http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/fc9e5c73-1c1a-47c1-9de4-612569b718fd (accessed September 28, 2016); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2015, National Pollutant Release Inventory, Pollution Data and Reports, www.ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/default.asp?lang=En&n=B85A1846-1 (accessed August 24, 2016); Statistics Canada, 2015, “Source water quality, 2013,” Environment Fact Sheets, Catalogue no. 16-508-X.

Statistics Canada. “Freshwater in Canada.” Human Activity and the Environment 2016, (16-201-X) (2017). Last modified March 21, 2017. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/16-201-x2017000-eng.htm. Accessed July 3, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-89

Biodiversity & Conservation 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Statistics Canada. “Terrestrial ecozones and marine ecoregions of Canada” (Map 1). Human Activity and the Environment (16-201-X) (2013). Last modified November 27, 2015. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-201-x/2013000/m029-eng.htm. Accessed July 3, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-91 Biodiversity & Conservation

Canada's conserved areas

Well-managed conserved areas help preserve species and their habitats for present and future generations by reducing direct human development stresses. The indicators report proportions of Canada's territory conserved through protected areas and other conservation measures. National conserved areas Key results  As of the end of 2018 o 11.2% of Canada's terrestrial area (land and freshwater) was conserved, including 10.9% in protected areas o 7.9% of its marine territory was conserved, including 3.1% in protected areas  The terrestrial area conserved has increased by 66% in the last 20 years, and by 6% in the last 5 years  The marine area conserved has increased by a factor of more than 16 in the last 20 years, and by more than 5 times in the last 5 years

Figure 1. Proportion of area conserved, Canada, 1990 to 2018

Data for Figure 1 Note: Terrestrial areas include land and freshwater. Protected areas include only areas recognized under the international definition. Conserved areas include protected areas as well as areas conserved with other measures. For more information, please refer to the Data sources and methods. Terrestrial areas conserved with other measures were first recognized in 2018. Marine areas conserved with other measures were first recognized in 2017. Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database. Conserved areas include protected areas, as well as areas conserved with other measures (areas that do not meet the formal definition of protected area but are managed in a way that biodiversity is conserved). Both protected areas and areas conserved with other measures contribute to Canada's conservation network. Conserved areas are lands and waters where use is limited. In some cases, certain commercial activities and harvesting of biological resources may be allowed so long as biodiversity is conserved.

E-92 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Biodiversity & Conservation

Areas conserved with other measures include marine refuges. These are long-term fisheries area closures identified as "other effective area-based conservation measures" as described in Aichi 2020 Up-Date Environmental Target 11. The distribution and size of conserved areas is variable. Larger terrestrial conserved areas tend to be located in northern Canada, where there is less intensive use of land for agriculture, settlement, and road networks. Larger marine conserved areas tend to be in offshore areas, where human uses are often less intense. In landscapes and seascapes with competing uses, conserved areas tend to be smaller but more numerous.

Figure 2. Conserved areas, Canada, 2018

Navigate data using the interactive map Note: Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-93 Biodiversity & Conservation

Terrestrial conserved areas, by province and territory Key results  The proportion of terrestrial area (land and freshwater) conserved varies by province and territory. It ranges from 3.6% in Prince Edward Island to 15.3% in British Columbia  Included in 2018, are o Edéhzhíe Indigenous Protected Area, which added 14 000 km2 of protect area in the Northwest Territories o Birch River Wildland Provincial Park, Kazan Wildland Provincial Park and Richardson Wildland Provincial Park, which added 11 000 km2 of protected area in Alberta o recognition of 30 000 km2 of conservation zones in the Sahtu Land Use plan in the Northwest Territories

Figure 3. Proportion of terrestrial area conserved, by province and territory, Canada, 2018

Data for Figure 3 Note: Terrestrial areas include land and freshwater. Conserved areas include protected areas as well as areas conserved with other measures. Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database. As of the end of 2018, 15.3% of British Columbia's terrestrial area has been conserved. Alberta has 15.1% of its territory conserved. Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island each have less than 7% of their terrestrial territory conserved. The remaining provinces and territories have between 8% and 13% of their terrestrial territory conserved. Each province has set aside areas for protection, and progress towards conservation targets varies by jurisdiction. Terrestrial conserved areas, by jurisdiction Key results  Provincial and territorial governments have jurisdiction over 57% of all terrestrial conserved areas  Parks Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada are responsible for 30% and 11% of Canada's terrestrial conserved areas, respectively

E-94 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Biodiversity & Conservation

Figure 4. Terrestrial conserved areas, by jurisdiction, Canada, 2018 niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Data for Figure 4 Note: Terrestrial areas include land and freshwater. Protected areas include only areas recognized under the international definition. Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database.

Marine conserved areas, by jurisdiction Key results  The largest proportion of conserved area is within marine refuges. As of 2018, marine refuges covered about 275 000 km2 of Canada's marine territory  Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Parks Canada are responsible for 65% and 27% of Canada's marine conserved areas, respectively  In 2018, Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area added 11 455 km2 of protected area under Environment and Climate Change Canada's jurisdiction

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-95 Biodiversity & Conservation

Figure 5. Marine conserved areas, by jurisdiction, Canada, 2018

Data for Figure 5 Note: Marine refuges are geographic areas that conserve biodiversity, but do not meet the formal definition of protected areas. Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database. Conserved areas include both protected areas and areas conserved with other measures. Other conservation measures conserve biodiversity but are not recognized under the internationally accepted definition of a protected area. Marine refuges are long-term fisheries area closures that have been identified as areas conserved with other measures. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Parks Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada each have specific but complementary mandates for establishing marine protected areas:  Oceans Act marine protected areas (Fisheries and Oceans Canada) are established to conserve marine species and their habitats, including for species that are fished, endangered or threatened marine species, as well as unique habitats and areas of high biological productivity or biodiversity  National marine conservation areas (Parks Canada) are established to conserve representative examples of Canada's natural and cultural marine heritage and provide opportunities for public education and enjoyment  National wildlife areas and migratory bird sanctuaries (Environment and Climate Change Canada) are established to conserve habitat for a variety of wildlife including migratory birds and endangered species Areas established by these departments, along with provincially established areas contribute to a conservation network. The primary goal of this network is to provide long-term protection of marine biodiversity, ecosystem function and special natural features. The different jurisdictions protect areas for different purposes (see the Role of the Canadian Government in the Oceans Sector and the Role of the Provincial and Territorial Governments in the Oceans Sector), and control the amount of human activity (such as transportation, fishing or recreation) that is allowed. Marine conservation efforts include a wide range of management and stewardship activities. Examples include support for the recovery of species at risk, prevention and

E-96 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Biodiversity & Conservation

mitigation of the impact of aquatic invasive species, and strengthening of Canada's response to ship- source marine pollution. 2020 Up-Date Environmental Conserved areas, by ecological region Ecozones are regions with distinct or characteristic ecological features, such as climate and vegetation. A representative conserved areas network will conserve biodiversity across all of Canada's ecozones. Key results  Three (3) terrestrial ecozones, the Tundra Cordillera, the Pacific Maritime and the Arctic Cordillera, have more than 20% of their area protected  The Offshore Pacific and the Eastern Arctic both have more than 20% of their area conserved  13% of the Canadian area of the Great Lakes is protected

Figure 6. Proportion of ecozones conserved, Canada, 2018

Data for Figure 6 Note: Conserved areas include protected areas as well as areas conserved with other measures. Data are current as of December 31, 2018. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018) Canadian Protected and Conserved Areas Database.

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. This and other Environmental Indicators can be found at no cost online at https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators.html.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-97 Biodiversity & Conservation

Canada’s National Parks

OVERVIEW:

Parks Canada, an arm of the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, has remained the federal agency responsible for managing and maintaining the National Parks of Canada since its establishment in 1911. Today, the agency enforces and follows the Canada National Parks Act, enacted in 1930 and amended in 2000, and manages a total of 47 National Parks and National Park Reserves, at least one of which can be found in every province; the agency’s oldest and still most popular park, for instance, is located in Banff, Alberta, while its most recent addition was made in 2015 with the creation of the Qausuittuq National Park in Nunavut. The most recent Reserve was created in 2019 with Thaidene Nëné in the Northwest Territories. Together, Canada’s National Parks comprise over 303,000 km2 and service an average of almost 16,000,000 visitors annually. The Parks’ intent remains threefold: to ensure environmental protection, promote tourism/recreation opportunities, and cultivate a shared Canadian natural heritage.

A team of scientists determines the locations of parks in accordance with Parks Canada’s National Parks Systems Plan, enacted in the early 1970s. This plan has established a systematic program that identifies Canada’s 39 distinct natural areas and ensures that each area is represented by at least one national park. Once a natural area is set apart from others—based on features like vegetation, landforms, climate, wildlife, and geology—the federal government determines the exact boundaries of the park itself by considering how well a proposed location represents the area as a whole and to what degree of human impact the area is already subject. Studies and consultations reveal the extent to which a sustained visitor presence will affect the habitat requirements of the area’s wildlife species; the level of protection that a park may offer to exceptional natural phenomena and to vulnerable ecosystems and wildlife; and the implications of a park for existing Aboriginal land claims and treaties with Aboriginal peoples.

The 2000 amendment to the Canada National Parks Act introduced new priorities for the National Parks, foremost among which were a series of management regulations designed to preserve the parks’ “ecological integrity.” Due to this legislation, Parks Canada undertook a series of new conservation strategies and strengthened its ties with a number of public and government partners in regions across Canada. New initiatives include the development of recovery strategies to assist Canada’s vulnerable, threatened, and endangered animals; the reduction of environmental “stressors,” such as natural resource development along park borders, that may negatively affect biodiversity; and education, training, and research development programs designed to facilitate both scientific study within the park and its public consumption. In its pursuit of these aims, Parks Canada adheres to the World Heritage Convention and to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

E-98 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Biodiversity & Conservation

Sources: niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Parks Canada. “National Park System Plan.” Last modified August 1, 2019. www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/plan. Accessed July 3, 2020.

Parks Canada. “Guiding Principles and Operational Policies.” Last modified March 26, 2018. www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/poli/princip. Accessed July 3, 2020.

Parks Canada. “National Parks of Canada: Creating New National Parks.” Last modified February 14, 2020. www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/cnpn-cnnp. Accessed July 3, 2020.

Parks Canada. “Ecological Integrity.” Last modified October 8, 2019. www.pc.gc.ca/en/nature/science/conservation/ie-ei. Accessed July 3, 2020.

Natural Resources Canada. “Canada’s National Parks”. Atlas of Canada, 6 th Edition. Date published Jan. 1, 2007. http://ftp.geogratis.gc.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/raster/atlas_6_ed/reference/eng/natpks_e.pdf. Accessed July 3, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-99 Biodiversity & Conservation

2020 BIODIVERSITY GOALS & TARGETS FOR CANADA

E-100 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Biodiversity & Conservation niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Preamble

In order to achieve their long-term biodiversity outcomes, federal, provincial and territorial governments endorsed the following set of new medium-term goals and targets. These aspirational goals and targets describe results to be achieved through the collective efforts of a diversity of players both public and private whose actions and decisions have an impact on biodiversity. Governments need to do their part but cannot act alone.

Implementation of the goals and targets will rely on meaningful, full and effective participation of Aboriginal peoples, including First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. In this respect, while Aboriginal traditional knowledge and customary use of biological UHVRXUFHVDUHVSHFLͤFDOO\KLJKOLJKWHGXQGHUWDUJHWVDQGWKHWUDGLWLRQDONQRZOHGJH innovations and practices of Aboriginal communities are relevant for implementing all of Canada’s biodiversity goals and targets, as is protecting and encouraging customary use of biological resources compatible with their conservation and sustainable use.

Local communities, urban and regional governments, business and industry, conservation DQGVWHZDUGVKLSJURXSVHGXFDWLRQDODQGVFLHQWLͤFLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGFLWL]HQVDUHDOVRDOODEOH to contribute. Canadians are invited to commit to doing their part and to share the results of their efforts.

GOAL A

BY 2020, CANADA’S LANDS AND WATERS ARE PLANNED AND MANAGED USING AN ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OUTCOMES AT LOCAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SCALES.

Target 1 Target 3 By 2020, at least 17 percent of terrestrial areas and inland By 2020, Canada’s wetlands are conserved or enhanced water, and 10 percent of coastal and marine areas, are to sustain their ecosystem services through retention, conserved through networks of protected areas and other restoration and management activities. effective area-based conservation measures. Target 4 Target 2 By 2020, biodiversity considerations are integrated into By 2020, species that are secure remain secure, and municipal planning and activities of major municipalities population of species at risk listed under federal law exhibit across Canada. trends that are consistent with recovery strategies and management plans. Target 5 By 2020, the ability of Canadian ecological systems to adapt to climate change is better understood, and priority adaptation measures are underway.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-101 Biodiversity & Conservation

GOAL B

BY 2020, DIRECT AND INDIRECT PRESSURES AS WELL AS CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ON BIODIVERSITY ARE REDUCED, AND PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF CANADA’S BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ARE MORE SUSTAINABLE.

Target 6 Target 10 By 2020, continued progress is made on the sustainable By 2020, pollution levels in Canadian waters, including management of Canada’s forests. pollution from excess nutrients, arereduced or maintained at levels that support healthy aquatic ecosystems. Target 7 Target 11 By 2020, agricultural working landscapes provide a stable or improved level of biodiversity and habitat capacity. By 2020, pathways of invasive alien species introductions DUHLGHQWLͤHGDQGULVNEDVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQRUPDQDJHPHQW Target 8 plans are in place for priority pathways and species. By 2020, all aquaculture in Canada is managed under a Target 12 science-based regime that promotes the sustainable use of aquatic resources (including marine, freshwater and land By 2020, customary use by Aboriginal peoples of biological based) in ways that conserve biodiversity. resources is maintained, compatible with their conservation and sustainable use. Target 9 Target 13 %\DOOͤVKDQGLQYHUWHEUDWHVWRFNVDQGDTXDWLF plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and By 2020, innovative mechanisms for fostering the applying ecosystem-based approaches. conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied.

GOAL C

BYBY 2020,20 CANADIANS HAVE ADEQUATE AND RELEVANT INFORMATION ABOUT BIODIVERSITY AND EECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO SUPPORT CONSERVATION PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING.

Target 14 Target 16 By 2020, the science base for biodiversity is enhanced By 2020, Canada has a comprehensive inventory of and knowledge of biodiversity is better integrated and protected spaces that includes private conservation areas. more accessible. Target 17 Target 15 By 2020, measures of natural capital related to biodiversity By 2020, Aboriginal traditional knowledge is respected, and ecosystem services are developed on a national scale, promoted and, where made available by Aboriginal peoples, and progress is made in integrating them into Canada’s regularly, meaningfully and effectively informing biodiversity national statistical system. conservation and management decision-making.

GOAL D

BY 2020, CANADIANS ARE INFORMED ABOUT THE VALUE OF NATURE AND MORE ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN ITS STEWARDSHIP.

Target 18 Target 19 By 2020, biodiversity is integrated into the elementary and By 2020, more Canadians get out into nature and participate secondary school curricula. in biodiversity conservation activities.

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2016. Reprinted with the permission of the Minister of the Environment, 2020. The full text of the 2020 Biodiversity Goals and Targets for Canada are available for free at www.biodivcanada.ca.

E-102 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Report on Energy Supply and Demand in Canada

Highlights

Primary energy production in Canada increased 5.0% in 2017 to 20,741 petajoules. This followed a 3.1% increase in 2016.

Analysis Energy supply and demand, 2017 Primary energy production in Canada increased 5.0% in 2017 to 20,741 petajoules. This followed a 3.1% increase in 2016. Crude oil accounted for the largest proportion of primary energy production in Canada in 2017 at 46.4%, followed by natural gas (34.4%), primary electricity (9.0%), total coal (6.4%) and gas plant natural gas liquids (3.8%). It was the eighth consecutive year in which crude oil accounted for the largest share of primary energy production.

Exports and imports increase Exports of Canadian energy and energy products increased 5.6% in 2017 to 13,253 petajoules. Canada exported 79.0% of its crude oil production in 2017, and 46.3% of its marketable natural gas. Imports of energy increased 3.7% in 2017 to 3,784 petajoules. Crude oil accounted for 49.7% of imports, followed by natural gas (24.7%).

Energy consumption increased Canada’s energy consumption increased 2.2% in 2017 to 8,231 petajoules, following a 1.8% decrease in 2016. Energy use increased in four of six sectors: industrial (+4.0%), residential (+3.4%), commercial and other institutional (+3.0%), and agriculture experienced a slight increase. Transportation and public administration saw a small decrease in energy use. Within the industrial sector, energy consumption increased in mining and oil and gas extraction (+8.3%), construction (+4.2%), forestry and logging and support activities (+1.9%), and manufacturing (+1.2%). Retail pump sales continued to represent the largest proportion of energy consumption in the transportation sector (63.4%), followed by road transport and urban transit (13.9%), airlines (9.9%), pipelines (6.7%), railways (3.1%), and marine (2.9%). Refined petroleum products (38.7%) were the main source of energy consumed in Canada in 2017, followed by natural gas (35.2%) and electricity (22.3%).

Energy consumption trends across the country Ontario, Alberta and Quebec continued to account for the majority of energy consumed in Canada. In 2017, their combined share of total energy consumption was 73.7%.

Seven provinces recorded increases in energy consumption in 2017 compared with 2016. Alberta (+6.9%) saw the greatest increase, followed by Manitoba (+3.5%), British Columbia (+2.8%), Saskatchewan (+2.5%), Nova Scotia (+1.7%), Prince Edward Island (+1.0%), and Ontario (+0.5%).

Energy consumption decreased in 3 regions in 2017 compared to 2016. The largest decrease was in the Territories (-13.6%), followed by New Brunswick (-5.5%), and Newfoundland and Labrador (-2.6%).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-103 Natural Resource Management

Table 3-1 Refined petroleum products, natural units — Canada Refinery liquefied Total petroleum Kerosene refined gases and Light Heavy Petroleum Aviation Aviation Non-energy petroleum (LPG’s), Still gas, Motor Gas, stove oil, Diesel fuel, fuel oil, fuel oil, coke, gasoline, turbo fuel, products, products, secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary secondary energy energy energy energy energy energy energy energy energy energy energy energy megalitres Supply and demand characteristics Production 2,752.4 9,340.7 45,209.3 x 30,894.5 x 4,972.2 2,466.6 93.4 6,975.9 11,763.7 122,131.1 Exports .. .. 11,080.8 x x x x x x 1,362.0 x 28,447.2 Imports .. .. 8,640.6 68.3 x 286.3 x x .. 2,437.8 1,474.8 16,965.8 Inter-regional transfers .. .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Stock variation .. .. x -12.5 76.2 x 45.7 -25.5 x 34.8 x x Inter-product transfers -2,675.4 .. -1,576.0 x -266.8 x x .. x x x -11,100.5 Other adjustments .. 234.4 x 54.5 x -45.6 316.6 3.6 3.8 x 6,703.5 x Availability 77.0 9,575.0 46,055.0 517.5 30,258.7 1,918.1 2,820.2 4,113.7 68.4 7,848.8 11,099.8 114,352.4 Stock change, utilities and industry ...... Transformed to other fuels Transformed to electricity by utilities .. .. 34.5 .. 156.6 73.7 662.3 556.0 ...... 1,483.2 Transformed to electricity by industry .. 234.4 .. .. 108.9 9.9 64.1 50.8 ...... 468.1 Transformed to coke and manufactured gases ...... Transformed to refined petroleum products ...... Transformed to steam generation ...... 0.0 .. .. 2.6 ...... 2.6 Net supply 77.0 9,340.7 46,020.5 517.5 29,993.2 1,834.6 2,091.2 3,506.9 68.4 7,848.8 11,099.8 112,398.5 Producer consumption 77.1 9,340.7 0.7 1.7 x 4.7 x 1,964.2 0.8 x 1,514.3 13,734.4 Non-energy use ...... 4.0 1,094.0 .. .. 8,991.0 10,089.1 Energy use, final demand .. .. 45,486.2 530.8 29,045.7 1,833.7 1,725.9 594.2 67.2 7,721.8 .. 87,005.4 Total industrial .. .. 1,017.2 13.7 5,520.5 148.7 471.5 594.2 0.0 23.6 .. 7,789.3 Total mining and oil and gas extraction .. .. 567.0 7.9 2,393.0 16.2 x 0.1 .. 5.0 .. 3,198.4 Total manufacturing .. .. 54.9 4.3 256.2 86.1 218.5 594.1 0.0 9.5 .. 1,223.4 Pulp and paper manufacturing .. .. 0.9 0.0 x 3.8 x ...... x Iron and steel manufacturing .. .. 1.2 x x x x x ...... 29.6 Aluminum and non-ferrous metal manufacturing ...... 0.0 x x x x ...... x Cement manufacturing ...... 0.0 7.3 0.1 x x ...... 495.7 Refined petroleum products manufacturing ...... 0.0 0.3 .. 0.3 Chemicals and fertilizers manufacturing ...... x x 4.6 x x ...... 59.2 All other manufacturing .. .. 52.8 4.0 x x x x .. 9.3 .. 397.9 Forestry and logging and support activities for forestry .. .. 70.7 0.3 600.5 9.3 x .. .. 9.1 .. x Construction .. .. 324.6 1.3 2,270.9 37.1 x ...... x Total transportation .. .. 42,196.1 0.4 18,040.8 x x .. 58.5 7,110.3 .. 68,447.8 Railways .. .. 12.5 .. 2,187.5 ...... x .. 2,200.2 Total airlines .. .. 1.6 .. 0.5 ...... 58.5 7,048.9 .. 7,109.6 Canadian airlines .. .. 1.6 .. 0.5 ...... 58.5 6,303.2 .. 6,363.9 Foreign airlines ...... 745.7 .. 745.7 Total marine .. .. 16.6 0.4 845.3 x x .. .. x .. 1,931.7 Domestic marine .. .. 16.6 0.4 744.5 x x .. .. x .. 1,542.3 Foreign marine ...... 100.8 .. x ...... 389.3 Pipelines .. .. 4.7 .. 9.4 ...... 14.0 Road transport and urban transit .. .. 1,918.0 .. 7,483.6 ...... x .. 9,412.4 Retail pump sales .. .. 40,242.6 .. 7,514.4 x ...... 47,779.9 Agriculture .. .. 1,580.3 14.6 3,918.5 x x ...... 5,786.8 Residential ...... 66.4 .. x x ...... 1,413.2 Public administration .. .. 300.2 4.9 781.0 110.3 x .. 0.8 177.3 .. x Commercial and other institutional .. .. 392.3 430.7 784.9 143.6 14.1 .. 7.8 410.7 .. 2,184.0 Statistical difference .. .. x x x x x x x x .. x Note: See “Data quality, concepts and methodology — Explanatory notes for tables” section.

E-104 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management

Table 5-1

Non-energy refined petroleum products — Canada 2020 Up-Date Environmental Petrochemical Naphtha Lubricating oils Other non-energy Total non-energy use of feedstocks specialties Asphalt and greases products refined petroleum products megalitres Supply and demand characteristics Production 2,366.6 x x x 3,022.8 11,763.7 Exports x .. x x x x Imports .. .. x x x 1,474.8 Inter-regional transfers .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Stock variation x x 101.5 20.7 33.7 x Inter-product transfers x -44.6 x -724.8 x x Other adjustments x x x x 4,497.6 6,703.5 Availability 3,104.0 x 3,269.6 1,074.9 x 11,099.8 Producer consumption x .. .. x x 1,514.3 Total non-energy use, final demand 2,904.3 146.5 3,032.3 739.2 2,168.6 8,991.0 Mining and oil and gas extraction .. .. 0.0 95.0 .. 95.0 Manufacturing 2,904.3 .. 333.3 272.7 .. 3,510.3 Forestry and logging and support activities for forestry ...... 7.5 .. 7.5 Construction .. .. x x .. x Transportation ...... 68.3 .. 68.3 Agriculture ...... x .. x Public administration ...... x .. x Commercial and other institutional .. 146.5 766.9 256.2 2,168.6 3,338.3 Statistical difference x x x x x 594.5 Note: See “Data quality, concepts and methodology — Explanatory notes for tables” section.

Table 6-1 Details of natural gas liquids, natural units — Canada Gas plant natural gas Propane Butane Ethane liquids (NGLs) megalitres Supply and demand characteristics Production 12,738.2 7,773.3 14,120.9 34,632.4 Exports 8,021.9 1,718.6 .. 9,740.5 Imports 405.0 655.2 3,527.5 4,587.6 Inter-regional transfers 0.0 0.0 .. 0.0 Stock variation 130.9 -55.1 .. 75.8 Inter-product transfers 1,122.8 1,552.6 .. 2,675.4 Other adjustments 100.5 -801.1 .. -700.65 Availability 6,212.7 7,516.5 17,648.4 31,378.6 Transformed to other fuels Refined petroleum products .. x .. x Net refinery produced liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) ...... Net supply x x 17,648.4 28,051.5 Producer consumption x 27.1 .. x Non-energy use x x 17,648.4 x Energy use, final demand 5,554.3 .. .. 5,554.3 Total industrial 2,368.5 .. .. 2,368.5 Total mining and oil and gas extraction 1,970.6 .. .. 1,970.6 Total manufacturing x.... x Pulp and paper manufacturing 12.2 .. .. 12.2 Iron and steel manufacturing x .. .. x Aluminum and non-ferrous metal manufacturing x .. .. x Cement manufacturing x.... x Refined petroleum products manufacturing ...... Chemicals and fertilizers manufacturing 4.7 .. .. 4.7 All other manufacturing x.... x Construction x.... x Total transportation 483.0 .. .. 483.0 Road transport and urban transit 483.0 .. .. 483.0 Retail pump sales ...... Agriculture x.... x Residential x.... x Public administration ...... Commercial and other institutional 1,595.6 .. .. 1,595.6 Statistical difference 0.1 .. .. 0.1 Note: See “Data quality, concepts and methodology — Explanatory notes for tables” section.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-105 Natural Resource Management

Table 12 Oilsands processing operations Thousands of tonnes Megalitres Oilsands mined 652,234 … Bitumen processed1 73,833 … Products produced2 from processed bitumen Synthetic crude oil3 … 59,654 Diesel … 382 Still gas … 4,985 Sulphur 2,000 … Petroleum coke … 10,166 … not applicable 1. Represents bitumen processed into specific products from oil sands mined. 2. Differences between products produced and bitumen processed are accounted for in plant uses, processing losses, etc. 3. Included in the crude oil column in Alberta.

Statistics Canada. Report on Energy Supply and Demand in Canada, 2017 Preliminary (Analysis and Tables 3-1, 5-1, 6-1 and 12). Catalogue no. 57-003-X. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/57-003-x/57-003-x2018002-eng.htm. Accessed July 3, 2020. Please also see the Climate Change & Energy Efficiency section.

E-106 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental INDUSTRY CANADIAN ELECTRICITY   Industry Overview !!! .       "# Electricity      

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E-110 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil, by geography 1 Regular unleaded gasoline at self service filling stations Cents per litre Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 123.6 120.2 101.4 81.3 91.5 Charlottetown and Summerside, Prince Edward Island 113.6 111 90.2 73.6 82.6 Halifax, Nova Scotia 112.4 107.5 85.4 67.9 78.2 Saint John, New Brunswick 117.8 113.3 95.4 73.4 82.8 Québec, Quebec 115.1 113.4 99.1 81.1 93.5 Montréal, Quebec 122.1 120.1 99.3 85.5 97 Ottawa-Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec 2 111.6 108.4 84.3 78.3 90.7 Toronto, Ontario 114.6 111 86.1 79.1 91.2 Thunder Bay, Ontario 3 127.6 126 110.9 84.9 100.1 Winnipeg, Manitoba 101.6 102.5 84.5 67.7 85.2 Regina, Saskatchewan 109.8 105.1 88.4 71.7 87.9 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 110 107.1 85.2 65.6 85.7 Edmonton, Alberta 4 98.8 96.4 77 62.4 83.3 Calgary, Alberta 4 101.6 99 79.2 66.2 87.2 Vancouver, British Columbia 139.9 145.9 121.4 96.7 113 Victoria, British Columbia 139.7 143.2 126.3 99.4 107.9 Whitehorse, Yukon 142.9 142.5 125.5 100.9 103 Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 129.7 127.6 112.4 94.7 96.7

1. For concepts and definitions, see publication Your Guide to the Consumer Price Index, catalogue no. 62-557-X, or publication The Canadian Consumer Price Index Reference Paper, catalogue no. 62-553-X. Additional information can also be obtained from the Consumer Prices Division at 1-866-230-2248 (toll-free) or by email at [email protected]. 2. Formerly Ottawa (Ottawa-Hull, Ontario part). 3. No average retail price for diesel fuel at full service filling stations is published for Thunder Bay because it is not applicable. 4. No average retail price for fuel oil is published for Edmonton and Calgary because it is not applicable.

Statistics Canada. Table 18-10-0001-01 Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil, by geography. Accessed July 6, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-111 Natural Resource Management

10KEY FACTS on Canada’s Minerals Sector EMPLOYMENT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MINING AND RELATED SUPPORT ACTIVITIES MINERALS 5% SECSECTORTORORR $25 B 626,000 Jobs $97 B MINING AND RELATED 1 98,000 2 indirect SUPPORT ACTIVITIES In 2018, the minerals sector In 2018, the mineralss directly and indirectly accounted 217,000 409,000, sector directly and $34 B indirect direct for 626,000 jobs throughout direct jobs 311,000 indirectly contributed the country in urban, rural and jobs $97 billion or 5% GDPGDP $38 B remote regions. to Canada’s total MINERAL MINERAL nominal GDP. $72$72 B PROCESSING Source: Indirect jobs - Natural Resources Canada estimates, based on Statistics Canada data. PROCESSING Source: Indirect GDP - Natural Resourcesees CanadaCanada estimates, based on Statistics Canada data. Direct GDP - Statistics Direct jobs - Statistics Canada (Natural Resources Satellite Account). Canada (Natural Resources Satellite Account). For more information: Employment in Canada’s minerals sector. For more information: Nominal GDP in the minerals sector.

CLEAN ENERGY APPLICATIONS EXPORTS 19%9% CCANADA’S MINERAL EXPORTS

Minerals are enablers $105 B Canada’s 3 4 total Canada is primed to respond to growing demand for Valued at $105 billion domestic exports commodities required in clean energy technologies. in 2018, mineral The country is a key global producer of copper, nickel exports accounted for and cobalt, and hosts advanced mineral projects 19% of Canada’s total Main ExportE port DestinationsDe for rare earth elements, lithium and graphite. These domestic exports. United States European Union China commodities are crucial in the production of solar cells, high-density batteries and wind turbines. 52% ($55 B) 19% ($20 B) 5% ($5 B) For more information: Enabling Clean Energy Applications. Source: Natural Resources Canada calculations, based on Statistics Canada data. For more information: Trade.

INVESTMENT 5%% MINERALS SECTOR CANADIAN MINING ASSETS

located in more than 5 $13 B 6 $260 B $169 B 100 foreign countries In 2018, the minerals sector Non-residentialNon-residential In 2017, publicly capitalccapital iinvestmentnvestmentt invested $13 billion in new in CCanadaanada traded Canadian-based capital construction and in companies had total machinery and equipment, mining and exploration accounting for 5% of total assets of $260 billion. non-residential capital $10 B $3 B About two-thirds ($169 billion) MINING AND RELATED MINERAL investment in Canada. SUPPORT ACTIVITIES PROCESSING were located abroad.

Source: Natural Resources Canada calculations, based on Statistics Canada data. Source: Natural Resources Canada estimates, based on company filings. For more information: Minerals Sector Investment. For more information: Canadian Mining Assets. PRODUCTION EXPLORATION $47 B 8 $2.3 B 7 Canada’s Mineral Production Global Ranking In 2018, mineral production In 2018, Canada’s totalled $47 billion. Canada Metals mineral exploration produces some 60 minerals $26 B and deposit appraisal st nd Canada – a leader in worldwide exploration and metals at 200 active mines Non-metals $14 B 1 2 3rd expenditures amounted POTASH URANIUM PLATINUM and 6,500 sand and gravel pits Coal to $2.3 billion. Canadian-headquartered companies accounted for 37% $6 B GROUP of global non-ferrous exploration budgets. and stone quarries. METALS Canada was the destination for 15% of global non-ferrous exploration budgets. Sources: Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; World Nuclear Association (2017). Sources: Natural Resources Canada; S&P Global Market Intelligence. For more information: Canadian Mineral Production. For more information: Canadian Mineral Exploration. FINANCING INDIGENOUS PARTICIPATION 9 $6.5 B 1st 10 16,600 Jobs The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) The minerals industry is and TSX Venture Exchange (TSXV) are an important employer the world’s number one mining and TSX/TSXV of Indigenous peoples, 468 exploration listing venues, where providing jobs to over 50% of public mining and 2000 2018 one-third ($6.5 billion) of the world’s In 2018 exploration companies 16,600 individuals. total equity capital was raised in 2018. accounting 49% of mining equity agreements globally for financings An estimated 468 agreements were signed between mining and Source: TMX Group. 34% of the mining equity exploration companies and Indigenous communities or governments. Source: TMX Group. capital raised Sources: Natural Resources Canada, Statistics Canada (2016 Census). For more information: Financing. For more information: Indigenous Mining Agreements.

For more information: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mining-materials/facts/20507 July 2019. Data are preliminary and subject to revisions. Cat. N° M2-19E-PDF (Online) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2019

E-112 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental MAJOR NATURAL RESOURCES PROJECTS Planned and Under Construction, 2017–2027 Canada

1 Highlights

ƒ As of June 2017, there are 471 projects currently under construction or planned in Canada over the next 10 years, representing $684 billion in value.

ƒ In total, the 2017 Major Projects Inventory has 50 more projects than the 2016 report. Since the 2016 report:

50 projects valued at $33 billion have been completed and are in production;

26 have been suspended, cancelled or removed; and,

126 projects have been added.

ƒ The total value of major projects in the inventory decreased from $691 billion in 2016 to $684 billion in 2017. The addition of 126 projects of which 72 were identified as clean technology projects was offset by the cancellation of two large LNG projects in 2017 valued at $16 billion and $11.4 billion each.

ƒ In terms of value, energy projects account for 88 percent of total major projects. Comparatively, major projects in the minerals and metals and forest sectors account for 11.5 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-113 Natural Resource Management

2 Summary Table Minerals and Energy Forest Total Status Metals #$B#$B#$B#$B Planned 231 $452 79 $56.5 9 $2.2 319 $510 Announced 34 $84 17 $6.3 3 $0.9 54 $91 Under Review 64 $181 37 $30 2 $0.7 103 $211 Approval Received 52 $152 10 $13 0 $0 62 $165 Planned – Status Unknown 81 $35 15 $7.2 4 $0.6 100 $43 Under Construction 119 $149 22 $24 11 $0.9 152 $174 Total 350 $601 101 $80.5 20 $3.1 471 $684 Source: Major Projects Inventory, as of June 2017. Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding. 2015–17 Project Trends Status

2015 2016 2017 Status #$B#$B#$B Planned 342 $534 272 $505 319 $510 Under Construction 145 $178 149 $186 152 $174 Total 487 $711 421 $691 471 $684 Source: Major Projects Inventory, as of June 2017. Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding. 4 Projects by Province/Territory Minerals and Energy Forest Total Provinces and Territories Metals #$B#$B#$B#$B British Columbia 100 $219 21 $21 1 $0.05 122 $240 Alberta 103 $206 2 $0.7 2 $0.1 107 $207 Saskatchewan 9 $4 10 $22 2 $0.5 21 $27 Manitoba 12 $15 1 $0.6 0 0 13 $15 Ontario 53 $38 10 $5.5 2 $0.1 65 $44 Quebec 28 $23 27 $13.6 12 $2.4 67 $40 New Brunswick 4 $0.7 2 $0.8 1 $0.05 7 $1.6 Nova Scotia 11 $22 3 $1 0 $0 14 $23 Prince Edward Island 2 $0.2 0 $0 0 $0 2 $0.2 Newfoundland and Labrador 16 $32 10 $6.5 0 $0 26 $39 Yukon 1 $0.1 7 $4.4 0 $0 8 $4.5 Northwest Territories 1 $2 5 $2 0 $0 6 $4.5 Nunavut 0$03$20$03$2 Multi-jurisdictional 10 $39 0 $0 0 $0 10 $39

Source: Major Projects Inventory, as of June 2017. Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding.

Source: “Natural Resources: Major Projects Planned and Under Construction – 2017 to 2027.” Natural Resources Canada, 2017. Reproduced with the permission of the Department of Natural Resources, 2020.

E-114 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental 2016 23,315 immigrants (2016). communities (2016).

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CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-115 Natural Resource Management

Total number of farms and farm operators: Farms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total number of farms and farm operators: Operators 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2011 2016 2011 2016 Canada [000000000] 3 205,730 193,492 Canada [000000000] 3 293,925 271,935 Newfoundland and Labrador [PR100000000] 510 407 Newfoundland and Labrador [PR100000000] 665 500 Prince Edward Island [PR110000000] 1,495 1,353 Prince Edward Island [PR110000000] 2,045 1,810 Nova Scotia [PR120000000] 3,905 3,478 Nova Scotia [PR120000000] 5,225 4,630 New Brunswick [PR130000000] 2,611 2,255 New Brunswick [PR130000000] 3,470 3,005 Quebec [PR240000000] 29,437 28,919 Quebec [PR240000000] 43,920 41,995 Ontario [PR350000000] 51,950 49,600 Ontario [PR350000000] 74,840 70,470 Manitoba [PR460000000] 15,877 14,791 Manitoba [PR460000000] 22,315 20,140 Saskatchewan [PR470000000] 49,475 45,350 Saskatchewan [PR470000000] 36,952 34,523 Alberta [PR480000000] 62,050 57,605 Alberta [PR480000000] 43,234 40,638 British Columbia [PR590000000] 29,925 26,430 British Columbia [PR590000000] 19,759 17,528 Yukon [600000000] 3 4 195 215 Yukon [600000000] 3 4 130 142 Northwest Territories [610000000] 3 5 30 15 Northwest Territories [610000000] 3 5 29 16

1. The nine-digit geographic code at the end of the geographic names comprises two 1. The nine-digit geographic code at the end of the geographic names comprises two digits for the province, two for the census agricultural region, two for the census division digits for the province, two for the census agricultural region, two for the census division and three for the census consolidated subdivision. Reference maps provide the and three for the census consolidated subdivision. Reference maps provide the geographic boundaries, codes and names for all geographic areas appearing in the data geographic boundaries, codes and names for all geographic areas appearing in the data tables. 2016 Reference maps or 2011 Reference maps. tables. 2016 Reference maps or 2011 Reference maps. 2. Due to confidentiality constraints, the data for one or more geographic areas having 2. Due to confidentiality constraints, the data for one or more geographic areas having very few farms may be combined with the data from another census consolidated very few farms may be combined with the data from another census consolidated subdivision or census division. For the names of the geographic areas amalgamated subdivision or census division. For the names of the geographic areas amalgamated access the 2016 Geographic area amalgamations or the 2011 Geographic area access the 2016 Geographic area amalgamations or the 2011 Geographic area amalgamations. amalgamations. 3. The Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut are not included in Canada totals. 3. The Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut are not included in Canada totals. 4. The data for the Yukon are not included in the national totals because of the different 4. The data for the Yukon are not included in the national totals because of the different definition of an agricultural operation in the territories and confidentiality constraints. definition of an agricultural operation in the territories and confidentiality constraints. 5. The data for the Northwest Territories are not included in the national totals because of 5. The data for the Northwest Territories are not included in the national totals because of the different definition of an agricultural operation in the territories and confidentiality the different definition of an agricultural operation in the territories and confidentiality constraints. constraints. 6. There are significant refinements in the geographic assignment of agricultural operations and changes in census consolidated subdivision boundaries between 6. There are significant refinements in the geographic assignment of agricultural censuses. These assignment and boundary changes mean that caution should be taken operations and changes in census consolidated subdivision boundaries between when comparing the data between censuses. This effect is particularly pronounced when censuses. These assignment and boundary changes mean that caution should be taken comparing 2016 Census of Agriculture data to previous census data in Prince Edward when comparing the data between censuses. This effect is particularly pronounced when Island, Quebec and the Northwest Territories. comparing 2016 Census of Agriculture data to previous census data in Prince Edward Island, Quebec and the Northwest Territories. 7. Census agricultural regions are composed of groups of adjacent census divisions. Prior to 2016, in Saskatchewan, census agricultural regions were made up of groups of 7. Census agricultural regions are composed of groups of adjacent census divisions. Prior census consolidated subdivisions, but these groups did not necessarily respect census to 2016, in Saskatchewan, census agricultural regions were made up of groups of census division boundaries. consolidated subdivisions, but these groups did not necessarily respect census division 8. Up to three operators can be reported per farm. This is a count of distinct operators; boundaries. hence, operators of two or more separate farms are included only once in the total.

E-116 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management

st

A portrait of a 21 century agricultural operation 2020 Up-Date Environmental

While the modern farm operator may still live at their agricultural operation, farming has evolved into an innovative career choice requiring knowledge of business management and technology, as well as the agricultural sciences. Driven by competition and aided by technology, the number of Canadian agricultural operations is decreasing and the agricultural operations that remain are larger and more capital intensive. The 2016 Census of Agriculture recorded 193,492 agricultural operations, down 5.9% from 2011, and 271,935 farm operators, a decline of 7.5%. While there are fewer agricultural operations and farm operators, agricultural operations are getting larger and using more of Canada’s available agricultural land to grow crops. The area of cropland increased by 6.9% from 2011 to 93.4 million acres in 2016.

Canadian farm operators today

Canadian farmers are getting older, despite more farmers under the age of 35 The average age of a Canadian farmer increased from 54.0 to 55.0 years from 2011 to 2016, with farmers aged 55 to 59 (Chart 1) accounting for the largest share of farm operators. However, the number of operators under the age of 35 increased by 3.0% from 2011 to 2016, despite the total number of operators decreasing. This is the first time that there has been an increase in this age category since 1991.

Chart 1 Total number of operators by age group, Canada, 2011 and 2016

75 years and older

70 to 74 years

65 to 69 years

60 to 64 years

55 to 59 years

50 to 54 years

45 to 49 years

40 to 44 years

35 to 39 years

30 to 34 years

25 to 29 years

Less than 25 years 0 102030405060 number of operators (thousands) 2011 2016

Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

Young farmers more likely to rent land In 2016 the average value of land and buildings was $2,696 per acre, which is an increase of 38.8% from 2011 (in 2016 constant dollars). This cost is ever increasing, and can be a barrier to starting or expanding an agricultural operation. The majority of farmland was owned in 2016, but it is a smaller proportion of total farmland than it was in 2006 (Chart 2).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-117 Natural Resource Management

Over time, farmers have increased their farm size through the use of land that they do not own. This includes renting land, crop sharing and leasing land from governments. Starting or growing an agricultural operation requires a significant investment, and choosing to rent land can be a more flexible and less capital-intensive way for farmers to establish their operations. The total area rented from others was 40.1 million acres in 2016, including land rented from other farm operators or from non-operating landlords. Of agricultural operations where all operators were under the age of 35, 50.6% rented land from others, compared with 35.1% of all agricultural operations. On agricultural operations that used only rented land, the average operator age was 46.0 years, 9 years younger than the national average. Another way farmers acquire land is through crop-sharing, which totalled 4.5 million acres in 2016. This practice involves both the landowner and the farmer sharing in the risk and the rewards from the crop harvested from the land. Some farmers opt to lease land from the government. Crown land is often used to pasture animals. In some provinces such as British Columbia and Alberta, Crown land can be paid for based on the number of animals a farmer or rancher intends to pasture instead of paying for a specific number of acres. Land leased from governments totalled 21.2 million acres in 2016.

Older farmers profit from assets accumulated over their careers The total area of land rented to others in Canada increased by 0.4% from 2011 to 8.2 million acres in 2016. Agricultural operations operated by those aged 70 and older were more likely to rent out some of their farmland than younger operators. On agricultural operations where all of the operators were 70 years of age or older, 23.2% were renting some land to others. Older farmers may rent out farmland to supplement their income or scale back production while transitioning to retirement.

Chart 2 Land tenure, Canada, 2006 to 2016 acres (millions) 120

100

80

60

40

20

0 2006 2011 2016

Area owned Area rented Area leased from governments All other tenure

Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

The proportion of female farm operators continues to increase There were 271,935 farm operators in 2016 and almost three-quarters of them were male (71.3%). However, the proportion of female farm operators increased from 27.4% in 2011 to 28.7% in 2016, continuing the long-term trend since 1991 when they accounted for 25.7% of farm operators.

E-118 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management

From 2011 to 2016, the proportion of agricultural operations with only male operators decreased from 61.4% to 2020 Up-Date Environmental 60.1%, while the proportion of agricultural operations with only female operators increased from 5.6% to 7.2%. This is a shift from 1991 when 64.7% of operations had only male operators and 3.9% of operations had only female operators. In 2016, 32.7% of agricultural operations had at least one male and one female operator, up from 31.4% in 1991. Agricultural operations with operators spanning more than one age group were the most likely to have at least one male and one female operator (67.5%), compared with less than a quarter (23.5%) of agricultural operations where all operators were under 35 years old (Table 1).

Table 1 Total number of agricultural operations and proportion by age and sex of operators, Canada, 2016 Male only Female only Both male and female Percent of Percent of Percent of Number of agricultural Number of agricultural Number of agricultural agricultural operations agricultural operations agricultural operations Age group operations in age group1 operations in age group1 operations in age group1 All under 35 8,734 68.3 1,045 8.2 3,001 23.5 All between 35 and 54 37,562 62.8 4,442 7.4 17,816 29.8 All between 55 and 69 43,765 64.6 5,432 8.0 18,499 27.3 All 70 or older 17,217 71.1 2,634 10.9 4,374 18.1 Mixed ages 8,979 31.0 450 1.6 19,542 67.5 1. Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding. Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

Although the under 35 age category is still dominated by male operators, the number of agricultural operations with only female operators under the age of 35 is growing at a faster rate than those with only male operators under the age of 35. The number of operations with only male operators under the age of 35 increased by 24.4% from 2011 to 8,734 in 2016, while the number of operations with only female operators under the age of 35 rose by 113.3% to 1,045. This data shows that both males and females are taking over agricultural operations from their retiring counterparts. Agricultural operations operated exclusively by male or female operators differed in the type of commodities produced (Chart 3). Potato type farms were the most likely to have only male operators (72.2%), while horse and other equine farms were the most likely to have only female operators (19.1%). The farm type with the highest proportion of agricultural operations with at least one male and one female operator was goat farming (50.5%).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-119 Natural Resource Management

Chart 3 Proportion of agricultural operations by selected operation type and sex category, Canada, 2016 percent of operations 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Dairy and milk Beef cattle and Potato Horse and other Goat Fruit and vegetable production feedlots equine combination

Both male and female Female only Male only

Note: Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding. Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

The work profile of farm operators The diversity in farm types and sizes allows operators a range of options when it comes to working on and off the farm. Innovations in technology have allowed farmers to grow their operations without a comparable increase in hours worked on the farm. Both average farm size and gross farm receipts increased between the censuses. In 2010, 40.1% of operators worked more than 40 hours per week on the farm, while 31.5% worked less than 20 hours per week. By comparison, in 2015, 37.5% of operators worked more than 40 hours and 32.7% worked less than 20 hours per week on the farm. This varied by age group in 2015, when 41.1% of operators under the age of 35 worked more than 40 hours per week, compared with 28.3% of operators aged 70 or older. Not only did the number of operators working more than 40 hours on the farm decrease, but the share of operators working off the farm decreased from 46.9% to 44.4%. This also varied by age group in 2015, when 58.2% of operators under the age of 35 worked off the farm, compared with 14.6% of operators aged 70 or older.

Hours worked related to gross farm receipts The number of hours operators worked on the farm was also related to gross farm receipts (Chart 4). On agricultural operations reporting $1 million or more in gross farm receipts in 2015, 73.2% of operators worked more than 40 hours per week on the farm, and 19.1% of operators worked off the farm. On agricultural operations reporting less than $10,000 in receipts in 2015, 9.8% of operators worked more than 40 hours per week on the farm, while 60.7% worked off the farm. Some farm operators have an agricultural operation as well as a full- or part-time job, or farm on a part-time or seasonal basis.

E-120 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management

Chart 4 2020 Up-Date Environmental Hours worked per week on an agricultural operation by receipts class, Canada, 2015 Receipts class

$1,000,000 or more

$500,000 to $999,999

$250,000 to $499,999

$100,000 to $249,999

$50,000 to $99,999

$25,000 to $49,999

$10,000 to $24,999

$1 to $9,999

0 102030405060708090100 percent of operators More than 40 hours 30 to 40 hours 20 to 29 hours Less than 20 hours Note: Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding. Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

The number of hours worked on and off a farm varies by farm type The two farm types with the greatest difference in hours worked were dairy and milk, and maple syrup and products. Dairy cattle require daily care year round and there are also usually seasonal cropping activities on these agricultural operations. On dairy and milk type farms, 76.5% of operators worked more than 40 hours per week on the farm, while 9.9% worked less than 20 hours per week. With more hours devoted to work on the farm, these operators are also less likely to work off the farm (15.0%). Conversely, maple has a short but intensive production season. On maple syrup and products type farms, 15.9% of operators reported working more than 40 hours per week on the farm, and 56.0% worked less than 20 hours per week. These operators are also more likely to work off the farm (52.8%).

Fewer agricultural employees, but more of them working year-round Farm operators have a variety of options when it comes to getting work done on the agricultural operation. In addition to performing the labour themselves, they can hire contractors, take on employees, or invest in automation to replace some farm labour. In 2015, the total number of agricultural employees was down 5.8% compared with 2010. There has been a shift towards hiring year-round employees (full time and part time) in place of seasonal and temporary employees. Operators in supply managed sectors worked longer hours on their agricultural operations and hired more employees than other sectors. While agricultural operations in supply managed industries represented 7.9% of all agricultural operations in 2016, these operations employed 14.3% of all agricultural employees reported in 2015. Agricultural operations with high gross farm receipts accounted for a smaller proportion of agricultural operations but employed a larger share of employees. Almost half (46.8%) of all employees were employed by agricultural operations with receipts of $1 million or more in 2015, while these agricultural operations represented 7.6% of total agricultural operations.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-121 Natural Resource Management

Canadian agricultural operations and production

Total farm area down, but total area of cropland at record high There were 193,492 agricultural operations covering 158.7 million acres in 2016, with an average farm size of 820 acres. In 1971, there were 366,110 agricultural operations covering 169.7 million acres, with an average farm size of 463 acres. From 1971 to 2016, the number of agricultural operations in Canada decreased by 47.1% and the total farm area decreased by 6.4% (Chart 5). Despite the decrease in total farm area, the total area of cropland increased from 68.8 million acres in 1971 to 93.4 million acres in 2016. This was the largest area of cropland on record for the Census of Agriculture. The average number of acres of cropland per agricultural operation increased from 425 in 2011 to 483 in 2016. Cropland accounted for 58.8% of total farm area in 2016. The total area used for pasture (natural or seeded) declined by 4.4% as farmers switched from livestock production to crops.

Chart 5 Total farm area, cropland and number of agricultural operations, Canada, 1971 to 2016 acres (millions) number of operations (thousands) 180 400

160 350

140 300 120 250 100 200 80 150 60 100 40

20 50

0 0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

Total cropland Total farm area Total agricultural operations

Sources: CANSIM tables 004-0002, 004-0203 and 004-0204.

Technology and agricultural practices to optimize land use The increase in cropland was partially driven by a decrease in the use of summerfallow in favour of crop production. Summerfallow is the practice of leaving land idle in order to conserve soil moisture and nutrients and control weeds. With innovations in plant genetics, fertilizer, seeding technology and changes to the mix of crops cultivated, the need for summerfallow as a practice has decreased, with the area down by 57.1% since 2011. Another important factor is that expenses are incurred on summerfallow land without resulting revenue. It is more profitable for farmers to find alternative solutions that allow them to grow crops on their land every year. Increased use of no-till seeding technology has been a major contributing factor to reduced summerfallow area. No-till seeding allows the retention of stubble from the previous crop to trap winter snow, improve soil structure and reduce moisture loss during seeding. From 2011 to 2016, the total area of land seeded using no-till technology increased by 16.8% to 48.2 million acres.

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Trends seen in Census of Agriculture data reflect changes in agricultural practices, but can also reflect the impact 2020 Up-Date Environmental of weather. In 2011, there was significant flooding across Manitoba and Saskatchewan at the time the Census of Agriculture was collected. Some of the increases in cropland from 2011 to 2016 in these areas reflect a return to productive cropping.

Portrait of the agricultural sectors Oilseed and grain type farms account for the highest proportion of Canadian agricultural operations, in part due to the amount of arable land available on the Prairies (Chart 6). In 2016, the number of oilseed and grain type operations increased from 61,692 to 63,628, accounting for 32.9% of all agricultural operations in Canada. This was up from 2011 when they accounted for 30.0% of all agricultural operations. Beef and feedlot type operations rank second (18.6%) with 36,013 agricultural operations—despite a 3.7% decline from 2011.

Chart 6 Total number of agricultural operations by operation type, Canada, 2016 number of operations (thousands) 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Oilseed Beef Other Other Dairy Fruit and Greenhouse Vegetable Poultry Hog Sheep and grain crop animal tree nut and nursery and melon and egg and pig and goat

Source: CANSIM table 004-0200.

Sheep and goat type farms showed the greatest percent change from 2011 to 2016, decreasing by 22.1%. This was due in part to their low profitability. In 2010, for every dollar in gross farm receipts on a sheep and goat type farm, $1.01 was reported in expenses on average; an expense-to-receipt ratio of 1.01. While this ratio improved to 0.96 in 2015, this represents the lowest profit margin of any farm type in Canada. By contrast, for every dollar in gross farm receipts on a dairy and milk type operation in 2015, $0.77 was incurred in expenses on average.

The business of farming

In the past, the image of the average Canadian agricultural operation was a small, family run operation that may have produced one or more commodities. Over time, this image has evolved. Most agricultural operations are still individual or family agricultural operations, but the number of corporate agricultural operations continues to grow.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-123 Natural Resource Management

The structure of agricultural operations as businesses The operating arrangements of agricultural operations has evolved over the years. In 1971, 97.6% of agricultural operations were reported as sole proprietorships or partnerships. By contrast, corporations (family or non-family) represented 2.2% of agricultural operations. By 2016, sole proprietorships and partnerships (with or without a written agreement) accounted for 74.6% of all agricultural operations, while the percent of agricultural operations that were incorporated increased to 25.1%. Farm operators have been moving away from sole proprietorships and partnerships in favour of corporations, which for some, offer business and legal advantages particularly as the size and complexity of operations increases (Chart 7). Many of these agricultural operations are still operated by families, with 22.5% of agricultural operations reporting as family corporations compared with 2.7% reporting as non-family corporations in 2016.

Chart 7 Proportion of agricultural operations by organization type (excluding institutions), Canada, 1971 to 2016 percent 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Sole proprietorship Partnership (with or without a written agreement) Partnership without a written agreement Partnership with a written agreement Family corporation Non-family corporation Note: Totals may not equal 100% due to rounding. Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

Passing on the agricultural operation In 2016, a new module was added to the Census of Agriculture regarding written succession plans. Results indicate that 8.4% of all agricultural operations had a written succession plan. This varied by organization type, with 5.7% of sole proprietorship and partnerships having a written succession plan, compared with 16.3% of family and non-family corporations.

A succession plan is a written plan made by the main farm operators to transfer ownership, labour, and control of the operation to another person.

Agricultural operations in supply-managed farm types had a higher rate of succession planning than other farm types (Chart 8). Dairy and milk type operations were the most likely to have a succession plan (18.6%), followed by poultry and egg production type (12.9%). Supply managed farm types tend to be capital intensive because of the value of production quota and the infrastructure required. This contributes to a higher rate of succession planning than in other farm types.

E-124 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Natural Resource Management

Chart 8 2020 Up-Date Environmental Proportion of agricultural operations with a succession plan by operation type, Canada, 2016 percent 20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 Dairy Poultry Hog Oilseed Vegetable Fruit and Greenhouse Beef Other Other Sheep and egg and pig and grain and melon tree nut and nursery crop animal and goat

Source: Census of Agriculture (3438).

Statistics Canada. “A portrait of a 21st century agricultural operation.” Farm and Farm Operator Data (95-640-X). Last modified March 23, 2018. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/95-640-x/2016001/article/14811-eng.htm. Accessed July 7, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-125

Climate Change & Energy Efficiency 2020 Up-Date Environmental Climate Warming - National Annual Precipitation Scenario: 2050

Atlas of Canada 6th Edition (archival version) Climate Warming — National Annual Precipitation Scenario: 2050

A simulation of projected changes in annual mean precipitation from the period 1961 to 1990 to the period 2040 to 2060 for Canada is shown on this map. In general, precipitation would increase as the century progresses and the climate warms and this is reflected in the annual average pattern. Also, the simulations show there are regions of both increasing and decreasing precipitation. Warmer surface temperature would speed up the hydrological cycle at least partially, resulting in faster evaporation and more precipitation. The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model developed by Environment Canada.

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. Standard Parallels 49°N and 77°N

Source(s): Annual Precipitation Change from 1961-90 to 2040-60 (%) The results are based on climate change simulations made with the Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM2) developed at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis of Environment Canada. The projected changes in greenhouse gases concentrations and aerosol loadings are based on the IS92a scenario developed in conjunction with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to portray one of several possible futures. The output of the model is produced on a grid of 3.75 degrees in latitude and longitude. This represents a grid square of approximately 400 kilometres by 300 kilometres at Canadian latitudes. For forestry and other applications, the Canadian Forest Service of National Resources Canada has derived the changes in climate based on the simulation output with reference to the 1961 to 1990 normals, and interpolated the data over Canada to finer resolution using a multi-step methodology.

© 2009. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.

This product was originally published as an interactive map in the online Atlas of Canada, 6th Edition. It was not intended for high resolution reproduction and therefore does not conform to the standards of cartographic representation and map design found on the Atlas of Canada’s paper reference maps.

Natural Resources Canada. “Climate Warming—National Annual Precipitation Scenario: 2050.” Atlas of Canada (2009). Last modified October 30, 2017. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/atlas-canada/selected-thematic-maps/16888. Accessed July 7, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-127 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

Projected Forest Fire Severity Levels, 2050-2059

Atlas of Canada 6th Edition (archival version) Forest Fire Severity Level, 2050 - 2059

Climate warming can bring more frequent and severe forest fires. This map shows the change in forest fire severity levels across Canada from 2050 to 2059, based on Global Generation Circulation Models. The Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) is a measure of fire danger conditions over a complete fire season. The SSR is developed by averaging daily values over the season. The scale shown is relative, with values above 6 being extreme. A real value of zero is only possible in remote cold regions where no fire danger exists in the summer months.

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. Standard Parallels 49°N and 77°N

Source(s): Forest Fire Severity Level, 2050 - 2059 Shown are the projected seasonal severity ratings of forest fire between 2050 and 2059 with a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (2xCO2). Climate simulations, which were generated from four Global General Circulation Models, were used to project forest fire danger levels with relation to global warming. Global Climate Models (also called general circulation models) or GCMs provide quantitative estimates of potential climate change by "modelling" the physical climate system. The Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) is a measure of fire danger conditions over a complete fire season. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 2001.

© 2009. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.

This product was originally published as an interactive map in the online Atlas of Canada, 6th Edition. It was not intended for high resolution reproduction and therefore does not conform to the standards of cartographic representation and map design found on the Atlas of Canada’s paper reference maps.

Natural Resources Canada. “Forest Fire Severity Level, 2050-2059.” Atlas of Canada (2009). Last modified June 10, 2019. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/atlas-canada/selected-thematic-maps/16874. Accessed July 7, 2020.

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Projected Forest Fire Severity Levels, 2090-2099 niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Atlas of Canada 6th Edition (archival version) Forest Fire Severity Level, 2090-2099

Climate warming can bring more frequent and severe forest fires. This map shows the change in forest fire severity levels across Canada from 2090 to 2099, based on Global Generation Circulation Models. The Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) is a measure of fire danger conditions over a complete fire season. The SSR is developed by averaging daily values over the season. The scale shown is relative, with values above 6 being extreme. A real value of zero is only possible in remote cold regions where no fire danger exists in the summer months.

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection. Standard Parallels 49°N and 77°N

Source(s): Forest Fire Severity Level, 2090-2099 Shown are the projected seasonal severity ratings of forest fire between 2090 and 2099 with a tripling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (3xCO2). Climate simulations, which were generated from four Global General Circulation Models, were used to project forest fire danger levels with relation to global warming. Global Climate Models (also called general circulation models) or GCMs provide quantitative estimates of potential climate change by "modelling" the physical climate system. The Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) is a measure of fire danger conditions over a complete fire season. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 2001.

© 2009. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Natural Resources Canada.

This product was originally published as an interactive map in the online Atlas of Canada, 6th Edition. It was not intended for high resolution reproduction and therefore does not conform to the standards of cartographic representation and map design found on the Atlas of Canada’s paper reference maps.

Natural Resources Canada. “Forest Fire Severity Level, 2090-2099.” Atlas of Canada (2009). Last modified June 10, 2019. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/atlas-canada/selected-thematic-maps/16874. Accessed July 7, 2020.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-129 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

British Columbia’s forest fires, 2018

by Jennie Wang and Katharine Strong

Back-to-back record fire seasons in British Columbia have increased attention on the impacts of forest fires, especially given predictions that the frequency and severity of forest fires in Canada will increase (Natural Resources Canada, 2018).

In 2018, British Columbia experienced its worst fire season on record with 2,115 fires and 1.35 million hectares burned (British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development [B.C. FLNRORD], BC Wildfire Service, 2019a). It surpassed 2017’s fire season—previously the largest burned area—in which over 1.22 million ha were burned. Fires in British Columbia accounted for about 60% of the total burned area in Canada in 2018, compared to an average of 7% over the 1990 to 2018 period (National Forestry Database [NFD], 2019).1

The largest fires occurred in the Stikine Region, Kitimat-Stikine Regional District, Bulkley-Nechako Regional District and the Cariboo Regional District (Map 1). Several other large fires occurred around the province, including fires in the Peace River Regional District, Northern Rockies Regional District, Okanagan-Similkameen Regional District and the Central Kootenay Regional District.

Fires play an important role in forest health, diversity and renewal. However, they emit greenhouse gases (Chart 1), pose risks to human health and safety, and can cause significant economic impacts and disruptions. An estimated $615 million was spent on fire management and suppression operations in 2018 (B.C. FLNRORD, n.d.). Additional costs can be associated with evacuations and property losses; however, estimates of property losses are not yet available (NFD, 2019).

Smoke from the fires in British Columbia, as well as fires from the United States, contributed to the poor air quality measured in many parts of the province throughout the summer (Map 2). All air quality measuring stations had at least one day where Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) observations reached 7 or higher, which is considered a high health risk (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2018 and 2015). Stations with the most days where the AQHI reached 7 or higher include Prince George (32 days), Castlegar (30 days) and Quesnel (26 days), Williams Lake (20 days), Fort St. John (18 days), Central Okanagan (18 days) and South Okanagan (18 days).

High AQHI ratings trigger warnings that people should consider reducing or should reduce strenuous outdoor activities. Children, the elderly and those with heart and breathing problems or other health issues are most at risk of adverse effects of air pollution and are advised to reduce or avoid outdoor physical exertion at these times. In 2016, 15% of British Columbians were children under 15 years of age, while 2% were age 85 and older (Table 1). Almost three-quarters of British Columbians 15 years of age or older reported that they participated in outdoor activities, such as hiking or backpacking, wildlife viewing, tent camping, canoeing or kayaking, mountain biking, and others in 2016 (Statistics Canada, 2018a). This percentage dropped to 57% for those who rated their own health level as fair or poor.

Industries that may experience impacts related to fires and poor air quality include construction, tourism, agriculture and forestry, among others. For example, workers in the construction industry, which accounted for more than 8% of British Columbia’s labour force in 2016 (Statistics Canada, 2018b), may experience health symptoms if working outdoors when air quality is poor. Tourism, which contributed 2.9% of the province’s GDP in 2014 and 5.1% of employment (Statistics Canada, 2018c), can be affected when residents, as well as tourists from other provinces or countries alter travel plans in the province. For example, regional tourist associations have estimated significant economic impacts of the 2017 wildfires on tourism, including cancellations due to smoke, road closures, evacuation alerts and orders, (Peak Solutions Consulting, 2018; Larose Research and Strategy, 2018).

Farms including buildings, crops and livestock, can be at risk from fires, and fires can also affect Crown rangeland for cattle. In 2016, over 56,000 cattle and calves were located just in the Bulkley-Nechako Regional District (Statistics Canada, 2017a), which had among the largest burned areas in 2018. Meanwhile grapes, of which

1. For additional forest statistics and analysis, see Statistics Canada, 2018, Forests in Canada, Catalogue no. 16-201-X (accessed March 30, 2019).

E-130 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

close to 86% of the provincial acreage is grown in the Okanagan-Similkameen Regional District and the Central niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Okanagan Regional District (Statistics Canada, 2017b), can be affected by close proximity to fire and smoke, causing wine to develop unpleasant burnt flavours, a phenomenon known as ‘smoke taint’ (Kennison et al., 2009).

The forest sector is affected through loss of valuable timber when trees suffer burn damage (B.C. FLNRORD, 2018a). Severe fires and salvage operations can also negatively affect forest ecosystems and as well as downstream communities as a result of increased risk of soil erosion and flooding (B.C. FLNRORD, 2018b). Forest fires can also affect other regulating services such nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and local climate regulation, as well cultural services such as recreation and aesthetic appreciation.

Chart 1 Fire area and greenhouse gas emissions, British Columbia, 1990 to 2018

hectares kt CO2 equivalent 1,600,000 70,000

1,400,000 60,000

1,200,000 50,000 1,000,000 40,000 800,000 30,000 600,000 20,000 400,000

200,000 10,000

0 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total area burned Wildfire greenhouse gas emissions

Note: The provincial greenhouse gas emission estimates are not yet available for 2017 and 2018. Sources: National Forestry Database, 2019, Forest area burned and number of forest fires, www.nfdp.ccfm.org/en/data/fires.php (accessed April 16, 2019); British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, BC Wildfire Service, 2019, “Fire Incident Locations – Historical,” British Columbia Data Catalogue, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-incident-locations-historical (accessed May 6, 2019); British Columbia, 2018, Provincial Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/climate-change/data/provincial-inventory (accessed April 1, 2019).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-131 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

Map 1 )RUHVWILUHVDQGSRSXODWLRQFHQWUHVLQ %ULWLVK&ROXPELD A. BULKLEYBULKLEEYY- NECHAKO  Burns Lake

KITIMATKITIMAATT- Fort StSt.. STIKINE James  FRASERFRASEERR- Vanderhoof FORTT GEORGE PrincePrince  George



CENTRAL COAST  CARIBOO Quesnel A. 

B. THOMPSONTHOMPSOON- Merritt NICOLA   Duck Lake  Kelownawna FRASER   VALLEY  Hope  OKANAGANOKANAGAAN- PeachlandP    SIMILKAMEEN   Princeton   Naramata  B. Summerland   Penticton   C. Okanagananagan  Falls      Keremeos Oliver

KOOTENAYKOOTENAY Osoyoos BOUNDARY

C. Population centre Census division boundary NORTH Wildfire locations Provincial boundary OKANAGAN Nakusp &HQVXV GLYLVLRQV Invermere  Squamish-Lillooet  East Kootenay  Thompson-Nicola CENTRAL  Central Kootenay Central Okanagan KOOTENAY   Kootenay Boundary  North Okanagan EAST KOOTENAY  Okanagan-Similkameen  Columbia-Shuswap  Fraser Valley  Cariboo  Greater Vancouver  Mount Waddington  Capital  Central Coast Rossland Nelson  Cowichan Valley  Skeena-Queen Charlotte Kimberley CastlegarCast  Nanaimo  Kitimat-Stikine  Alberni-Clayoquot  Bulkley-Nechako Salmo Cranbrook  Strathcona  Fraser-Fort George  Comox Valley  Peace River Trailil - Fruitvale  Powell River  Stikine Creston  Sunshine Coast  Northern Rockies

1RWHVFire data are for April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Wildfires smaller than 0.01 hectares are represented by points. 6RXUFHBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development (FLNRORD), BC Wildfire Service, 2019, “Fire Incident Locations – Historical” and “Fire Perimeters – Historical,” British Columbia Data Catalogue, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-incident-locations-historical and https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-perimeters- historical (accessed May 6, 2019).

E-132 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

Map 2 niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental

Forest fires and number of days with high health risk resulting from poor air quality

1 Boundaries 5 Smithers Census division boundary 18 Provincial boundary Terrace Forest fires, British Fort St. John Columbia Wildfire locations Fire data are for April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. 32 Prince George

Number of days with Air Quality Health 26 Quesnel ,QGH[YDOXH•

1 to 5

20 Williams Lake 6 to 10

11 to 19

Whistler 20+ Comox Kamloops Courtenay 7 7 11 The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) scale provides 8 Squamish 14 North Okanagan an indication of health risk Nanaimo / 4 associated with air quality. Parksville Eastern The scale ranges from 1 8 7 15 Duncan 5 FraserFraser (low) to 10 (very high) or 9 9 11 above. Any rating 7 or 8 Valley Central Okanagan VictoriaVi t / 6 18 higher is considered a high Saanich 6 health risk. Central South Okanagan West Metro AQHI data are for April 1 Shore Vancouver FraserFraser 18 Valley 30 Castlegar to September 30, 2018.

Note: Wildfires smaller than 0.01 hectares are represented by points. Sources: British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, BC Wildfire Service (FLNRORD), 2019, “Fire Incident Locations – Historical” and “Fire Perimeters – Historical,” British Columbia Data Catalogue, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-incident-locations-historical and https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/ fire-perimeters-historical (accessed May 6, 2019); Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2018, “Air Quality Health Index Forecast,” Open Government, https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/a563e47d-6eb9-4f7f-933c-222ae49fe57f (accessed October 9, 2018).

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-133 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

Table 1 Number of fires, total area burned and population and age groupings, by census division, British Columbia 2018 Fire season Age groupings, 2016 Census Total fires Total area burned Total population 0 to 14 15 to 64 65 and older 85 and older Code Census divisions number hectares number percent 59 British Columbia 2,115 1,354,300 4,648,055 14.9 66.9 18.3 2.3 5901 East Kootenay 97 23,316 60,440 15.9 64.5 19.6 2.1 5903 Central Kootenay 138 28,616 59,520 14.1 62.4 23.5 2.6 5905 Kootenay Boundary 58 1,046 31,445 13.7 60.9 25.4 3.1 5907 Okanagan-Similkameen 94 38,405 83,025 11.5 57.4 31.0 4.4 5909 Fraser Valley 51 7,285 295,935 18.1 63.9 18.0 2.4 5915 Greater Vancouver 5 16 2,463,430 14.7 69.6 15.7 2.1 5917 Capital 8 86 383,360 13.0 65.3 21.7 3.3 5919 Cowichan Valley 11 7 83,735 14.7 61.3 24.0 2.8 5921 Nanaimo 22 209 155,700 12.8 60.1 27.0 3.4 5923 Alberni-Clayoquot 9 43 30,980 15.3 62.9 21.8 2.4 5924 Strathcona 68 9,697 44,675 15.0 63.2 21.8 2.0 5926 Comox Valley 9 1 66,530 13.8 60.5 25.6 3.0 5927 Powell River 9 89 20,070 12.7 59.6 27.7 3.1 5929 Sunshine Coast 7 0 29,970 11.8 58.6 29.6 3.4 5931 Squamish-Lillooet 45 1,392 42,665 17.3 72.1 10.6 0.9 5933 Thompson-Nicola 231 16,872 132,665 15.0 64.9 20.1 2.2 5935 Central Okanagan 34 1,849 194,880 14.2 64.5 21.4 3.0 5937 North Okanagan 62 3,650 84,355 14.5 61.2 24.3 3.1 5939 Columbia-Shuswap 193 4,676 51,370 13.7 61.9 24.4 2.7 5941 Cariboo 306 204,699 61,990 15.4 63.8 20.8 1.9 5943 Mount Waddington 69 33,392 11,035 18.1 65.7 16.2 0.9 5945 Central Coast 7 1 3,320 20.3 64.6 15.1 1.2 5947 Skeena-Queen Charlotte 4 7 18,135 18.1 67.1 14.8 1.4 5949 Kitimat-Stikine 63 146,202 37,365 18.5 66.6 14.9 1.3 5951 Bulkley-Nechako 201 454,798 37,900 19.2 65.9 14.9 1.5 5953 Fraser-Fort George 106 13,900 94,510 17.4 68.3 14.3 1.3 5955 Peace River 99 58,270 62,940 21.3 68.4 10.3 1.0 5957 Stikine 25 272,560 740 12.8 66.2 20.3 0.7 5959 Northern Rockies 84 33,216 5,395 20.9 72.1 7.0 0.4 Sources: British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, BC Wildfire Service, 2019, “Fire Incident Locations – Historical,” British Columbia Data Catalogue, https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-incident-locations-historical (accessed May 6, 2019); Statistics Canada, 2017, Age and sex highlight tables, 2016 Census, Catalogue no. 98-402-X2016002, Ottawa, http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/as/index-eng.cfm (accessed February 26, 2019).

Note to readers This article presents socio-economic information related to the 2018 forest fires in British Columbia, including costs associated with fire suppression and potential impacts of these fires on human health, recreation, as well as other industries. Thematic maps display the location of the 2018 forest fires, the location of population centres, as well as the number of days during the fire season that the air quality health index (AQHI) was rated 7 or higher. Fire statistics on the number of fires and area burned were taken from the BC Wildfire Service and the National Forestry Database (B.C. FLNRORD, 2019a; National Forestry Database, 2019). Fire perimeters, sizes and locations for the maps were taken from the BC Wildfire Service (B.C. FLNRORD, 2019a,b). These data cover the 2018 fire season from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. AQHI observations at stations in British Columbia for the fire season (April to September 2018), were taken from data files produced by Environment and Climate Change Canada (2018). The AQHI is calculated based on the relative risks of a combination of common air pollutants known to harm human health, including ground-level ozone, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide. AQHI values of 1 to 3 are considered low health risk. Values of 4 to 6 are considered moderate health risk. Values of 7 to 10 are considered high health risk and values above 10 are considered very high health risk. The AQHI also provides health messages for the various levels of the AQHI. It recommends that at risk populations including children, the elderly and those with heart or breathing problems reduce strenuous outdoor activities when the AQHI is rated high risk and that they avoid these activities when it is rated very high risk. It recommends that the general public consider reducing or rescheduling activities when the AQHI is rated high risk and that they reduce these activities when it is rated very high risk, particularly if they experience symptoms such as coughing and throat irritation (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2015).

Statistics Canada. “British Columbia’s forest fires, 2018.” Environment Fact Sheets (16-508-X). Last modified May 29, 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/16-508-x/16-508-x2019002-eng.htm. Accessed July 7, 2020.

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4.0 CANADA’S PROGRESS IN 2020 Up-Date Environmental ACHIEVING ITS QUANTIFIED ECONOMY-WIDE EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET

4.1 Context The Pan-Canadian Framework is built on four pillars: pricing carbon pollution, complementary actions to Since Canada’s last Biennial Report, federal, reduce emissions across the economy, adaptation and provincial, and territorial governments have climate resilience, and clean technology, innovation, continued to implement actions to fight climate and jobs. It includes more than fifty concrete actions change. These actions include measures aimed at that cover all sectors of the Canadian economy. reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) such as regulations, programs, and funding in all sectors of The Pan-Canadian Framework includes an oversight the economy including electricity, transportation, oil and reporting process to assess progress toward the and gas, buildings, waste, agriculture, and forestry. 2030 GHG target over time, and to explore These actions will continue to support Canada’s opportunities to further enhance ambition consistent transition towards a low-carbon future. with commitments under the Paris Agreement. As part of the commitment to oversight and reporting, a Canada is a decentralized federation, and addressing synthesis report on the progress of the climate change is an area of shared jurisdiction, implementation of the Pan-Canadian Framework is requiring actions across federal, provincial and developed and delivered annually to First Ministers territorial governments. Federally, the Minister of and Canadians. The Second Annual Synthesis Report Environment and Climate Change Canada leads on on the Status of Implementation was published in Canada’s climate change policies. December 2018 and the third report is expected in early 2020. This work is described in more detail in 4.2 National Climate Change Plan Chapter 7.

Following the adoption of the Paris Agreement in More details on the Pan-Canadian Framework, its December 2015, Canada developed the first climate development, governance oversight, and reporting can change plan in its history to include joint and be found in Canada’s Seventh National individual commitments by federal, provincial and Communication and Third Biennial Report, territorial levels of government and to have been published in 2017. developed with input from Indigenous Peoples, businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and 4.3 Legislative Instruments Canadians from across the country. The Pan- Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate The federal Canadian Environmental Protection Act Change (the Pan-Canadian Framework) was adopted (CEPA, 1999) is the primary legal instrument by Canadian First Ministers (the Prime Minister and enabling the Government of Canada to take action to provincial and territorial premiers2) on December 9, protect the environment and human health in order 2016. to contribute to sustainable development. The Act

2 Saskatchewan and Manitoba did not adopt the Pan-Canadian Framework at the time. Manitoba has since joined (in February 2018). Although Saskatchewan did not adopt the Pan-Canadian Framework, the province continues to contribute to the annual synthesis report on progress in implementing the Framework.

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includes authorities for the federal government to tables have helped foster a collaborative approach to regulate various aspects related to releases of GHGs, ongoing engagement with Indigenous Peoples and including setting the quantity or concentration of a have helped support Indigenous climate leadership. In GHG that may be released from various types of addition to these three tables, the Government of facilities, or from vehicles, engines, and equipment. Canada continues to work to better support Indigenous Peoples as leaders to advance their Through its implementation of the Pan-Canadian self-determined priorities and plans within the context Framework, the Government of Canada has finalized of national and global efforts to address the impacts of new or amended regulations under CEPA that will climate change, reduce the carbon footprint, and continue progress reducing GHGs from sectors move towards energy sustainability. including electricity and transportation. Examples include the Regulations Amending the Reduction of Intergovernmental Collaboration Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-fired Generation of Electricity Regulations, Regulations Limiting Carbon Longstanding mechanisms to support inter- Dioxide Emissions from Natural Gas-fired Generation of jurisdictional coordination on environmental policies Electricity, and Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine also continue to play a key role in the implementation Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations. of the Pan-Canadian Framework, including federal, provincial, and territorial ministerial councils and The federal Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act tables such as the Canadian Council of Ministers of received Royal Assent on June 21, 2018. This Act the Environment (CCME). In addition to supporting enables the implementation of a federal “backstop” implementation of the Pan-Canadian Framework, the carbon pollution pricing system and ensures that CCME promotes collaborative actions by carbon pollution pricing with increasing stringency governments to advance shared climate change applies broadly to emissions sources in all jurisdictions objectives, and undertakes studies and analysis to in Canada. develop best practices and recommendations to Provinces and territories have also adopted legal enhance governments’ climate action. instruments providing them with the necessary authorities to address environmental and climate 4.5 Mitigation Actions and Their change issues, in accordance with their unique Effects jurisdictional responsibilities. This section provides an update on Canada’s key 4.4 Domestic Institutional policies and measures. Within this section, the description of policies are organized by economic Arrangements sector beginning with key federal policies and Fundamentally, Canada’s domestic institutional measures, followed by provincial measures and arrangements have remained the same since the last territorial measures. Cross-cutting measures are Biennial Report. described first, followed by measures by economic sector. Priority has been given to those policies and measures that have the most significant impact on Collaboration with Indigenous Peoples sectoral GHG emissions. Comprehensive tabular Following the joint commitments made by the Prime information on these policies and measures, including Minister and the National Leaders of the Assembly of projected mitigation impacts where available, is First Nations, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and the Métis provided in Annex 1. Further information on GHG National Council, the Government of Canada emission trends and projections can be found in collaborated with First Nations, Inuit, and the Métis Chapters 2 and 5, respectively. Nation to establish three distinctions-based senior bilateral tables based on the robust, ongoing and meaningful engagement based on recognition of rights, respect, co-operation, and partnership. These

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4.5.1 Cross-Cutting Measures All direct proceeds from the federal carbon pollution niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Measures in this section include those aimed at pricing system are returned to the jurisdiction of reducing emissions across the economy or across origin. In jurisdictions that opted for the federal multiple sectors. These measures include carbon system (Prince Edward Island, Yukon, and Nunavut), pollution pricing, the clean fuel standard, as well as all direct proceeds from the federal system are being funding programs for green infrastructure, clean returned directly to the respective provincial or energy and energy efficiency, and clean technology. territorial government. In jurisdictions that did not commit to pricing carbon pollution, the bulk of direct proceeds from the federal fuel charge are being Federal carbon pollution pricing returned directly to individuals and families in those In October 2016, Prime Minister Trudeau announced jurisdictions through Climate Action Incentive the Pan-Canadian Approach to Pricing Carbon payments. The remainder of direct fuel charge Pollution (the federal stringency requirements). This proceeds are also being returned to the jurisdiction gave provinces and territories the flexibility to develop of origin through the Climate Action Incentive Fund. their own carbon pollution pricing systems, and outlined stringency criteria that provincial and Direct proceeds from the federal OBPS will also territorial systems must meet. Its goal is to ensure that be returned to the jurisdiction of origin. Canada carbon pricing applies to a broad set of emission published a discussion paper in June 2019 on the use sources throughout Canada with increasing stringency of direct proceeds from the OBPS for input. These over time to reduce GHG emissions and to support proceeds will start to be collected in late 2020. innovation and clean growth.

CLIMATE ACTION INCENTIVE FUND Federal carbon pricing system The Climate Action Incentive Fund is a new Pursuant to the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, federal program. In each province that does not adopted on June 21, 2018, the federal carbon meet the federal stringency requirements, the pollution pricing system has two components: a direct proceeds from the federal regulatory regulatory charge on fossil fuels (fuel charge) and a charge on fuel – that are not returned directly trading system for large industry, also known as the to individuals and families through Climate Output-Based Pricing System (OBPS). Action Incentive payments – provide support to The federal carbon pollution pricing system applies in schools, hospitals, small and medium-sized any jurisdiction that requested it or that did not businesses, colleges and universities, implement its own system that meets the federal municipalities, not-for-profits, and Indigenous stringency requirements. All direct proceeds raised communities in the province. from the federal carbon pollution pricing system are being returned to the province or territory where they were generated. The federal OBPS took effect on January 1, 2019 in Ontario, New Brunswick, Prince Provincial and territorial carbon pollution Edward Island, Manitoba, and partially in pricing systems Saskatchewan. It took effect in Yukon and Nunavut Every jurisdiction across Canada has committed to on July 1, 2019. take action to reduce GHG emissions. A number of jurisdictions continued to refine their carbon In April 2019, the federal fuel charge took effect in pollution pricing systems in 2019. British Columbia Ontario, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and increased the rate of its carbon tax from $35 to $40 Saskatchewan, and in Yukon and Nunavut in July per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). New 2019. The federal fuel charge will apply in Alberta as revenues generated from increasing British of January 2020 and stand down in New Brunswick as Columbia’s carbon tax are used to protect affordability of April 1, 2020. for low-income families in the province and support

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industry competitiveness. Opt-ins3 for Québec’s Canada is developing a federal GHG offset system to cap-and-trade system began as planned in January encourage cost-effective domestic GHG emissions 2019, and by the end of the year, Québec and reductions or removal enhancements from activities California will have held 21 joint auctions through the that are not covered by carbon pollution pricing, in Western Climate Initiative. sectors such as forestry, agriculture and waste. The federal GHG offset system will build on the Alberta has had regulations pricing GHG emissions at recommendations in the Pan-Canadian GHG Offsets large regulated facilities in place since 2007. These Framework for the design of offset systems agreed to regulations were updated with the announcement of by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Alberta’s TIER regulation in October 2019, which will Environment in November 2018. In summer 2019, come into force as of January 1, 2020. The TIER the federal government published a discussion paper regulation includes continuation of both the generation to seek input on key system design elements. of emission offsets for use by regulated facilities through the Alberta emission offset system, and continuation of a Saskatchewan has also begun development of a technology fund at $30 per tonne in 2020 as a provincial GHG offset program to help large compliance mechanism. industrial emitters in the province meet their regulated performance standards. Some jurisdictions implemented new initiatives related to carbon pollution pricing. Nova Scotia launched its cap-and-trade program in January 2019, and will hold its Low Carbon Economy Fund first auction of GHG emissions allowances in 2020. The Government of Canada’s $2 billion Low Carbon Saskatchewan implemented sector-specific output-based Economy Fund is an important part of Canada’s climate performance standards on large industrial emitters. plan. It was developed to support the implementation of Prince Edward Island began administering its carbon the Pan-Canadian Framework by leveraging investments levy in April 2019. Newfoundland and Labrador in projects that will generate clean growth and reduce introduced its carbon pricing system on January 1, 2019. GHG emissions towards meeting Canada’s It consists of a carbon tax on transportation, building commitments under the Paris Agreement (i.e. 30% and related fuels and a performance standard approach reduction in GHG emissions below 2005 levels by for large industry and large-scale electricity generation. 2030). The Low Carbon Economy Fund is split into two Ontario has developed an Emissions Performance parts, the Leadership Fund and the Challenge. Standards (EPS) program to regulate GHG emissions Combined, the two parts of the Low Carbon Economy from large emitters. Ontario’s EPS is a regulatory Fund support projects that help: approach that establishes GHG emissions performance standards that facilities are required to meet or use • Make homes and buildings more efficient; compliance units for GHG emissions in excess of the • Companies innovate and access technologies standard. The purpose of the EPS regulation is to reduce to reduce their emissions and grow sustainably; GHGs in the industrial sector and to provide flexibility and, for Ontario circumstances. Compliance obligations • Support the forest and agriculture sectors to would apply for the first time in the year the federal enhance stored carbon in forests and soils. government removes Ontario from Part 2 of Schedule 1 of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, if the federal The Leadership Fund provides up to $1.4 billion to government makes that decision. provinces and territories to promote investments in initiatives to encourage clean growth and GHG Other federal, provincial, and territorial emission reductions. Through the Leadership Fund, carbon pollution pricing-related initiatives the Government of Canada has entered into 11 Canada is also developing a federal GHG offset agreements with provinces and territories investing in system as a compliance mechanism for the OBPS. As 48 projects representing approximately $1 billion and announced in Budget 2019, the Government of estimated emissions reductions of approximately 3.4 Mt

3 Opt-ins in this context refers to voluntarily choosing to become a regulated entity in order to participate in a carbon pricing system.

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of CO e in 2030. These investments help address the Phase-down of HFCs

2 2020 Up-Date Environmental specific priorities of the provinces and territories Canada has acted as a strong advocate for a global while furthering the goals of the Pan-Canadian phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and was Framework. one of the first countries to ratify the Montreal The Challenge provides over $500 million to support Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone projects that leverage ingenuity to reduce emissions Layer. Following publication of final regulations to and generate clean growth. Through the two streams phase down HFCs, Canada ratified the Kigali of the Challenge, the Champions stream and the Amendment in November 2017, helping to bring the Partnerships stream, the Government of Canada is amendment into force on January 1, 2019. The partnering with provinces and territories, amendment commits countries to significant municipalities, Indigenous communities and reduction of consumption and production of HFCs, organizations, small- and medium-sized businesses, minimizing their impact on climate change. In April and not-for-profit organizations to support projects 2018, federal regulations to phase down the that create good jobs for Canadians, deliver clean consumption of HFCs came into effect. These growth, support innovation, and save money. The regulations aim to reduce the supply of HFCs that Government of Canada is currently working to enter Canada and the demand for HFCs in complete funding agreements across Canada to manufactured products. In accordance with the Kigali provide over $414 million to 96 projects representing Amendment, Canada began the phase-down of a reduction in emissions of approximately 2.4 Mt of consumption and production of HFCs with 10% reduction in January 2019. CO2e in 2030.

A total of 307 projects have been approved and Energy Efficiency funded under the Low Carbon Economy Fund. Examples of specific projects funded through the Low During 2018 and 2019, the federal government made Carbon Economy Fund are referenced in the relevant three regulatory amendments to update or introduce sector-specific sections of this chapter, as well as in minimum energy efficiency standards for 35 Annex 1. equipment and appliance product categories, for a total of nearly 50 product categories covered since 2016. For example, in October 2018, the Government Clean Fuel Standard of Canada published an amendment to the Energy The Clean Fuel Standard aims to lower the carbon Efficiency Regulations, putting in place new energy intensity of fossil fuels resulting in significant GHGs efficiency standards for equipment and appliances in emissions reductions, while sending a market signal residential and commercial settings, and on June 12, for investment and innovation in low carbon fuels and 2019, the Government of Canada finalized two more technologies and reducing compliance costs on amendments to the Energy Efficiency Regulations. In industry through a flexible regulatory design. The addition, the Federal Energy Efficient Equipment and Clean Fuel Standard will cover three fuel classes: Appliances Program also works with provincial and liquid fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel) used mainly in territorial governments and industry stakeholders to transportation, as well as gaseous fuels (e.g., natural encourage market transformation in three equipment gas) and solid fuels (e.g., petcoke) used mainly in areas: windows, space heating and water heating. industry and buildings. Based on stakeholder feedback, a phased approach is being adopted, with Provincial and territorial energy efficiency measures the liquid fuel regulations developed first, followed by as they relate directly to buildings are discussed in the gaseous fuel and solid fuel regulations. In June 2019, Buildings Sector section below. the Government of Canada released a Proposed Regulatory Approach for the Clean Fuel Standard, Investing in clean technology, green infra- presenting a detailed proposed regulatory design for structure, and clean energy the liquid fuel class regulations. The Proposed To help clean technology firms grow, the Government builds on extensive stakeholder Regulatory Approach of Canada committed $1.4 billion in new financing in consultation since 2016. 2017 through the Business Development Bank of

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Canada (BDC) and Export Development Canada help Canadian firms with low-carbon solutions (EDC). This financing includes $950 million in commercialize their technologies to reach global and growth capital to support clean technology producers domestic markets. ($700 million by BDC and $250 million by EDC). It also includes approximately $450 million to EDC in Through the new Canada Infrastructure Bank (CIB), additional project financing for “first of its kind which has a mandate to invest in revenue-generating commercial scale” clean technology projects. EDC infrastructure projects that are in the public interest, has approved one project under this financing, and is $5 billion has been made available for green working to approve additional clean technology infrastructure projects, including those that reduce projects. To mobilize its allocated financing, BDC GHGs emissions, deliver clean air and safe water launched its Cleantech Practice in 2018 to support systems, and promote renewable power. Between July the growth and expansion of future Canadian global and October 2019, CIB continued to engage with technology companies. The Cleantech Practice helps public sponsors across the country; provide advice on high-potential clean technology firms expand by infrastructure projects; develop investment providing them with the capital they need to hire new opportunities; and announce project commitments. staff, develop products, support sales, and scale up and In addition, the Green Infrastructure-Climate Change compete globally. Mitigation stream of the Investing in Canada The Government of Canada has also provided Infrastructure Program is investing at least $3.8 funding to a number of other clean technology billion of its $9.2 billion funding envelope in projects related programs, including $400 million in 2017 to that increase generation of clean energy, increase recapitalize Sustainable Development Technology capacity to manage more renewable energy, improve Canada (SDTC)’s Sustainable Development Tech the energy efficiency of eligible buildings, and Fund. SDTC subsequently approved 62 new projects increase access to clean energy transportation and designed to develop and demonstrate new clean reduce reliance on diesel in rural and remote technologies that promote sustainable development. communities.

The Government of Canada continues to invest in Under Impact Canada’s Clean Technology stream, the technology research and development, through the Government of Canada has launched six clean Energy Innovation Program, to promote clean technology prize challenges which aim to unlock technology and clean energy adoption in buildings, breakthrough solutions to the complex problems of industry, electricity and transportation. This program decarbonizing aviation, modernizing power grids, is designed to deliver long-term reductions in GHG designing better batteries, reducing energy use in emissions and support energy sector competitiveness mining, increasing the participation of women in the as Canada transitions to a low-carbon economy. To clean technology sector, and reducing reliance on date the Energy Innovation Program has supported diesel among northern and remote communities. This 63 external grants and contribution projects and 60 includes $20 million for an Indigenous Off-Diesel federal projects focused on addressing innovation gaps Initiative to achieve a breakthrough in reducing diesel and opportunities to reduce GHGs in key areas such in remote Indigenous communities. The Indigenous as renewable energy, smart grids, energy-efficient Off-Diesel Initiative provides hands on support and buildings, carbon capture use and storage, and cleaner funding to 15 Indigenous remote communities to production of oil and gas. develop ambitious community-driven clean energy plans and break ground on their first clean energy Additionally, in collaboration with Breakthrough projects. Energy, led by influential global investors including Bill Gates, the Government of Canada launched Provinces and territories are also investing in Breakthrough Energy Solutions Canada. This first- innovation and clean energy initiatives. For example, of-its kind initiative will provide up to $40 million to through the CleanBC Program for Industry, a portion of British Columbia’s carbon tax paid by industry is redirected into incentives for cleaner operations and a

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fund to support industry investments in projects to target to reduce GHG emissions from federal niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental reduce emissions from large industrial operations in facilities and fleets by 40% below 2005 levels by 2030, the province. Ontario is proposing to launch an and by 80% below 2005 levels by 2050. A emission reduction fund to encourage private commitment to green procurement and life-cycle investment in clean technology solutions. SaskPower, assessment principles is also an essential part of the the main supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan is a initiative, including using 100% clean electricity by leader in implementation and demonstration of 2025 and incorporating criteria in procurement that carbon capture and storage technology, and is home address carbon reduction, sustainable plastics and to the world’s largest carbon capture and storage broader environmental benefits for goods and services demonstration site—the Weyburn-Midale project. that have a high environmental impact. As a result of ongoing efforts in this area, GHG emissions have In 2019, the Northwest Territories launched the already been reduced by 32% compared with the GHG Grant Program that provides fiscal support to 2005 baseline. recipients including Indigenous, municipal and territorial governments, businesses, non-profits, and Among the provinces and territories, British individual building owners, who implement energy Columbia has been a leader in greening government efficiency projects that reduce GHG emissions in the operations for nearly a decade; the province has territory. In 2018, Nunavut introduced new heating achieved carbon neutrality for its public sector systems in Sanikiluaq and Taloyoak, which capture operations every year since 2010. Prince Edward residual heat from power generation and funnel the Island is also working to implement a greening heat to local commercial and institutional buildings; government program, including energy efficiency this project also reduces energy costs for customers upgrades to provincial buildings, improved fuel and will extend the life of heating equipment. efficiency of its vehicle fleet, and a commitment to green procurement. Newfoundland and Labrador has a similar plan that includes increased waste diversion, CLEAN GROWTH HUB while Manitoba is also taking action on government leadership by establishing a Low Carbon Government The Clean Growth Hub was launched in Office. January 2018 as a whole-of-government focal point for clean technology to help stakeholders navigate federal programs and services most 4.5.2 Electricity Sector relevant to their needs. More than 1,200 Approximately 82% of Canada’s electricity comes entrepreneurs have sought this service to date. from non-emitting sources, making it one of the In addition to helping stakeholders identify cleanest electricity systems in the world. Canada programs, the Clean Growth Hub leverages continues to further reduce GHG emissions in this existing knowledge, expertise and relationships sector through a number of actions. As Canada makes across the Government of Canada to improve steady progress in reducing emissions from its collaboration and program coordination. As electricity sector, some provinces and territories part of the Clean Technology Data Strategy, already have nearly completely non-emitting the Clean Growth Hub continues to improve electricity systems, including Yukon, Newfoundland the federal capacity to track clean technology and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, outcomes by ensuring consistency and quality British Columbia, and Québec. of data collected by federal programs. Reducing emissions from coal-fired generation of electricity Greening government operations In December 2018, the Government of Canada Canada is committed to leading by example on finalizedRegulations Amending the Reduction of Carbon greening government operations and growing Dioxide Emissions from Coal-fired Generation of demand for cleaner solutions, and has set an ambitious Electricity Regulations, which accelerates Canada’s

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reduction of GHG emissions from electricity the four western provinces, the Northwest Territories, generation by phasing out traditional coal-fired and the four Atlantic provinces and their utilities to electricity by 2030. identify and assess the best regional electricity infrastructure projects that can significantly reduce Across Canada, jurisdictions have made progress on GHG emissions. Final reports were published in reducing reliance on coal-fueled electricity. In 2018, summer 2018 and governments and utilities continue 93% of Ontario’s electricity generation was produced to advance projects identified to significantly reduce from emissions-free sources, as coal-fired electricity GHG emissions and have economic merit. was eliminated from all Ontario Power Generation stations in 2014. Federal Limits on Natural Gas-Fired Electric- In 2019, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia signed ity Emissions equivalency agreements with the federal government In December 2018, the Government of Canada also to reduce emissions from coal-fired electricity. Under published Regulations Limiting Carbon Dioxide the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Emissions from Natural Gas-fired Generation of federal government may negotiate equivalency Electricity, which came into effect on January 1, 2019. agreements with provinces that have regulations These regulations work in tandem with the coal which achieve equal or better emission-reduction regulations to ensure that where coal-fired electricity outcomes compared to the federal regulations. These is replaced with natural gas-fired electricity agreements establish conditions under which the generation, the new systems use efficient technology. federal regulations would not apply, and provincial The regulations set performance standards to control regulations would apply instead. carbon dioxide emissions for new units and units converted from coal to run on gas electricity Strategic interconnections generation in Canada. Electricity grids also cross provincial and international borders, and clean electricity is being exported from Smart Grid Program some provinces to displace reliance on fossil-fuel Canada’s Smart Grid program, introduced in 2018, based generation. For example, Manitoba is commits up to $100 million in funding for the constructing the Keeyask generating station, which demonstration of promising, near commercial smart will add 695 megawatts of renewable electricity grid technologies and the deployment of integrated capacity in the province by 2021, with its first smart grid systems. The program seeks to accelerate generator expected to go into service in October the transition to a clean growth economy by better 2020. The increase in exported electricity will help utilizing the existing capacity of electricity assets, reduce GHG emissions in neighbouring provinces increasing the penetration of renewable generation, and states. and increasing the reliability and resiliency of the Canada continues to explore the possibility of new power system while maintaining cyber security and cross-provincial strategic interconnections of reducing GHG emissions. Twenty projects have been electricity grids that transmit energy to provinces and selected to receive funding under this program. regions seeking to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This would deliver clean electricity to places that need it and support additional emission reductions from the electricity sector. These strategic interconnections will increase Canada’s capacity to generate and manage renewable energy. Provinces and territories can elect to use the $9.2 billion Green Infrastructure funding envelope under the Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program to support such projects. Canada’s Regional Electricity Cooperation and Strategic Infrastructure Initiative brought together

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Emerging Renewables Under the Investing in Canada Plan, the Clean niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Energy for Rural and Remote Communities program The Emerging Renewable Power program will provides up to $220 million in funding for renewable provide up to $200 million to expand the portfolio of energy projects in rural and remote communities to commercially viable renewable energy sources and reduce their reliance on diesel and other fossil fuels. technologies available to provinces and territories as Funding for more than 70 projects was allocated they work to reduce GHG emissions from their through two funding streams targeting projects and electricity sectors. Selected projects include instream capacity building. tidal, solar and geothermal energy technologies. While the primary focus of the $400 million Arctic Reducing reliance on fossil fuels in Indig- Energy Fund under the Investing in Canada enous, northern and remote communities Infrastructure Program is to improve , funding can also be used to support the transition, in To reduce reliance on diesel, federal funding has been whole or in part, from fossil fuel-based systems to announced to support new programs, including for renewables. renewable energy. Program activities include deployment of new renewable energy technologies, Nunavut’s utility, the Qulliq Energy Corporation demonstration of innovative clean energy solutions, (QEC), is in the process of developing an support for the development of bioheating projects, Independent Power Producer (IPP) Program. and capacity building. Through the program, the QEC will promote energy production by an IPP by providing funding support the equivalent of what the diesel would have cost.

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Improving efficiency and increasing renewable energy GENERATION ENERGY

Provinces and territories are working to promote In 2017 Canada launched Generation Energy, a renewable energy and increase energy efficiency. In dialogue about Canada’s energy future. Over Saskatchewan, SaskPower has set a target to achieve 380,000 Canadians participated, including up to 50% of its generation capacity from renewable through targeted sessions that brought together sources by 2030, including the addition of 60 Indigenous Peoples, women, students, industry megawatts of solar generation by 2021 and up to and academics. As part of the dialogue, the 1,600 megawatts from wind by 2030. Nova Scotia’s Generation Energy Council was established. Electricity Efficiency and Conservation Restructuring Act Their report, released in June 2018, identified (2014) requires Nova Scotia Power to purchase pathways that could collectively lead to the efficiency resources whenever they are lower cost than affordable, reliable and sustainable energy producing power. In Prince Edward Island, the PEI future desired by Canadians. This work served Energy Corporation has begun work on the first of as the foundation for a vision for Canada’s two new wind farms, expected to generate 30 energy future announced at the 10th Clean megawatts of power in 2020 and 40 megawatts by Energy Ministerial and 4th Mission Innovation 2026. Building on the Muskrat Falls hydroelectric meetings hosted by Canada in May 2019. The development, which will reduce GHG emissions in advice continues to inform Canada’s path to a Newfoundland and Labrador by approximately 10% clean energy future through saving energy, once operational, Newfoundland and Labrador powering clean communities, using more announced a renewable energy strategy in 2019 that renewable fuels, and powering the world. will, among other items, increase capacity and demand for renewable electricity in isolated diesel systems in the province’s northern, remote and Indigenous communities. Also implemented in 2019, Yukon’s 4.5.3 Transportation Sector Independent Power Production Policy enables independent, non-utility electricity producers to sell Setting Emissions Standards and Improving electricity to Yukon’s two public utilities through Efficiency renewable energy technologies, such as wind power, Transportation is one of the largest sources of GHGs micro-hydro, biomass and solar electric systems. As of in Canada, accounting for about 24% of all emissions July 2019, the program has approved three projects, in 2017. the first of which is expected to be operational by mid-2020. With respect to heavy-duty vehicles, the Government of Canada continues to implement the Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations that set performance-based GHGs emission standards for new on-road heavy-duty vehicles (such as highway tractors, buses and dump trucks) and their engines made in 2014 and later years. On May 30, 2018, the Government of Canada published Amendments to these Regulations. These Amendments establish more stringent GHGs emission standards that begin with the 2021 model year for on-road heavy-duty vehicles and engines.

With respect to light-duty vehicles (e.g., passenger vehicles), the Government of Canada continues to implement emission standards for new vehicles. The Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas

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Emission Regulations establish progressively more to reduce GHG emissions by close to 100,000 tonnes niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental stringent GHG standards for new light-duty vehicles per year by 2030, the equivalent of taking 25,000 cars of model years 2011 to 2025. off the road. Ontario is also making the single largest capital investment in new subway builds and Manitoba announced it would increase its mandated extensions in Ontario’s history through the “New biofuel content to 10% for gasoline and to 5% for Subway Transit Plan for Greater Toronto and diesel in 2020. Ontario is amending its Technical Hamilton Area”, continuing expansion of its GO rail Standards and Safety Act to reduce burden on business network, and will continue to provide financial and allow for the expanding of 24/7 compressed support for municipal transit programs across the natural gas refueling stations for trucks along province. Ontario’s 400 series highways. In British Columbia, a program beginning in 2020 is set to increase As part of the Public Transit Infrastructure Fund production of renewable gasoline and diesel by 650 introduced in Budget 2016, the federal government million litres by 2030, making up 8% of provincial has approved over $3.4 billion in funding for 1,194 total annual fuel use. British Columbia is also projects across Canada. To date, over $1.2 billion in greening the transportation sector through the funding has been disbursed, and nearly all approved announcement of increased tailpipe emissions projects are underway. standards for vehicles sold after 2025. Through the National Trade Corridors Fund, which was launched in 2017, the Government of Canada is Investing in Infrastructure investing $2.4 billion over 11 years to strengthen the To expand and upgrade public transit, the Investing in efficiency and resilience of Canada’s transportation Canada Plan has put forward $28.7 billion for public system by addressing bottlenecks, adding capacity, and transit projects across the country that will create improving its ability to adapt to a changing climate. more affordable transportation options, mitigate Since 2017, the Government of Canada has climate change and reduce traffic congestion and air announced funding for 81 projects through three pollution. For example, the City of Ottawa, Ontario, competitive calls for proposals, with a total cost of expects the first phase of its Light Rail Transit Project $3.6 billion and a federal investment of $1.7 billion.

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Putting More Zero Emission Vehicles announcement of funding for seven new fast charging on the Road stations. Prince Edward Island has also committed to The Pan-Canadian Framework indicated a building a fast-charger network to be completed in commitment for federal, provincial and territorial 2019/2020. Newfoundland and Labrador has also governments to accelerate the adoption of zero- committed to bringing fourteen fast-charging stations emission vehicles (ZEVs) in Canada. In January 2019, into the province’s network. the Government of Canada set the following sales targets for ZEVs: 10% of new light-duty vehicle sales CLEAN BC by 2025; 30% by 2030; and 100% by 2040. The Government of Canada recently announced in Budget In 2018 the Government of British Columbia 2019 $300 million for the creation of the Incentives released CleanBC, an action plan to put the for Zero-Emission Vehicles (iZEV) Program. The province on the path to a cleaner, better future iZEV Program launched on May 1, 2019 and provides – with a low-carbon economy that creates point-of-sale incentives of up to $5,000 on eligible opportunities for all while protecting clean air, ZEVs. To support business adoption of ZEVs, Budget land and water. The plan sets actions to 2019 also introduced a 100% tax write-off for eligible improve energy efficiency in buildings and vehicles. transportation, and has a goal that every new building constructed in B.C. will be “net-zero The Government of Canada is investing over $180 energy ready” by 2032. The plan accelerates million in electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and British Columbia's shift to cleaner fuels, and other alternative refueling infrastructure, including helps industry to reduce emissions and air demonstration and deployment projects for EV chargers, pollution. It also sets out a plan so that by 2040, and alternative fuel stations along Canada’s highways and all new cars sold in the province will be zero- freight corridors, removing a key barrier to Canadians’ emission vehicles. uptake of ZEVs and alternative fuel vehicles. As of March 2019, the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Deployment Program had projects completed or underway for over 500 fast-charging stations, as well as natural gas and 4.5.4 Oil and Gas Sector hydrogen stations, with more stations and requests for proposals on the way. Federal measures to reduce methane Additionally, federal funding of $130 million was emissions in the oil and gas sector announced in 2019 to deploy new recharging and The oil and gas sector accounted for 26% of Canada’s refuelling stations in workplaces, public parking spots, total GHG emissions in 2017 and is Canada’s largest commercial and multi-unit residential buildings, and emitter of methane. The Government of Canada is remote locations, while $5 million was announced to committed to reducing methane emissions from the support voluntary ZEVs sales targets and ensure that oil and gas sector by 40-45% from 2012 levels by vehicle supply meets increased demand. 2025, and published regulations in April 2018, to support this goal. Some of the federal methane Many provinces are also implementing measures to requirements begin to come into effect on January 1, support uptake of ZEVs through incentives and 2020, with all requirements in effect by January 1, infrastructure. In May 2019, British Columbia passed 2023. Newfoundland and Labrador is working with legislation to phase in targets for the sale of ZEVs. the federal government to adopt methane emissions This legislation sets targets of 10% ZEV sales by regulations that recognize the unique management 2025, 30% by 2030, and 100% by 2040. In 2018, structure of the offshore petroleum industries in that Québec adopted regulations to set new targets for province. sales of ZEVs. In 2019, New Brunswick continued to expand the reach of its charging network through the

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Other programs to reduce emissions In addition, the Oil and Gas Clean Technology Program has provided $50 million over two years to 2020 Up-Date Environmental In 2019, British Columbia published provincial support eight innovative, industry-led projects to methane rules through amendments to their Drilling develop and demonstrate cost-effective technologies and Production Regulation, which come into effect in that reduce GHG emissions from the oil and gas January 1, 2020 and will reduce methane emissions sector. from upstream oil and gas operations. In addition, Alberta has finalized its Energy Regulator Directive Under the Clean Growth program, the Government 060 “Upstream Petroleum Industry Flaring, of Canada is providing $155 million over four years to Incinerating, and Venting“ and Directive 017 co-fund 50 research, development, and demonstration “Measurement Requirements for Oil and Gas projects in Canada’s energy, mining, and forestry Operations”. These measures set requirements to sectors through trusted partnerships with provinces reduce upstream oil and gas methane emissions by and territories. The program is helping to accelerate 45% relative to 2014 levels by 2025. Directive 060 emerging clean technologies toward commercial will take effect as of January 1, 2020 and addresses the readiness, reduce environmental impacts, enhance primary sources of methane emissions from Alberta’s competitiveness, and create jobs. upstream oil and gas industry: fugitive emissions and venting; Directive 017 went into effect on December The Champions stream of the Low Carbon Economy 13, 2018 and improves measurement, monitoring and Fund provides funding for oil and gas/energy projects reporting of methane emissions. In 2019, aimed at reducing GHG emissions in these sectors. In Saskatchewan released an action plan to reduce March 2019, the Government of Canada announced emissions by 40-45% by 2025, while introducing $62.3 million in support for two projects to help opportunities to capture and commercialize methane. improve the environmental performance of Canada’s Saskatchewan has also implemented new oil and gas oil and gas sector. emissions management regulations to reduce emissions while supporting innovative reduction 4.5.5 Buildings Sector technologies and allowing oil and gas operators to efficiently prioritize their emission reduction Making buildings more energy efficient investments. Canada’s federal government continues to work with The Government of Canada has been undertaking provincial and territorial governments to support the equivalency discussions with interested provinces. development and adoption of increasingly stringent Where a province or territory has regulatory model building codes, with the goal that provinces requirements that achieve equivalent outcomes, an and territories adopt a “net-zero energy ready” model equivalency agreement can be considered. In 2019, building code by 2030. The Government of Canada is Canada published a draft equivalency agreement with also pursuing the development of a new model code British Columbia, as well as a draft Order to stand for existing buildings by 2022, and is working with down the federal regulations in that province, for provincial and territorial governments with the aim of public comment. requiring labelling of building energy use through the expansion of the federal government’s existing Canada has established the Strategic Innovation Fund benchmarking and labelling measures. Additionally, (SIF), and in 2019, announced $100 million over four Canada is supporting the research, development, and years to SIF, leveraging private sector co-investments, demonstrations of net-zero energy ready technologies in order to support the activities of the Clean and practices to reduce the cost of high-performance Resource Innovation Network. This Network, a buildings and drive adoption by the construction consortium of businesses, innovators, not-for-profits, industry. and academic institutions, is working to accelerate the development and adoption of innovative technologies and processes to lower the oil and gas industry’s environmental impacts, including by reducing GHG emissions.

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The Low Carbon Economy Fund also supports requirements for over 80 products using electricity, initiatives in the building sector, with 36 projects that natural gas, and oil in residential, commercial and support energy efficiency in the residential and industrial sectors. The Northwest Territories, Prince commercial buildings and 33 projects that support Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador have energy efficiency in the industrial sector under the expanded energy efficiency programs for residential Leadership Fund and the Challenge. Some of the and commercial buildings through the Low Carbon Leadership Fund projects are provincial and Economy Leadership Fund. In 2019, Prince Edward territorial programs that further redistribute funding Island introduced four new biomass heating systems to a large number of projects. to regional public schools, and has plans to install six more in public buildings in 2020. New building codes Increasing the use of wood for construction can will also take effect in Prince Edward Island and reduce emissions as the carbon stored in that wood Québec in 2020, which will improve energy efficiency becomes locked in for a long period of time and can requirements for commercial, institutional, industrial replace other, more emission-intensive building and residential buildings. As of 2020, British materials. Canada’s Green Construction through Columbia will make residential natural gas Wood Program supports projects and activities that consumption cleaner by putting in place a minimum increase the use of wood as a greener building requirement of 15% renewable gas content (e.g., material in infrastructure projects, and began issuing generated from organic waste). In 2018, Manitoba funding for projects in 2019. established Efficiency Manitoba, a new Crown corporation with the sole purpose of administering Provinces and territories have introduced various and delivering energy savings cost-effectively to initiatives to make buildings more energy efficient. As consumers. Efficiency Manitoba needs to meet of January 1, 2019, Saskatchewan began using the legislated savings targets of 22.5% of domestic National Building Code and added provisions that electricity demand (an average of 1.5% annually of improve energy efficiency standards for houses and domestic electricity consumption) and 11.25% of small buildings. Ontario intends to review its building domestic natural gas demand (an average of 0.75% code and support the adoption of cost-effective annually of natural gas consumption) over a 15-year energy efficiency measures, and is working on its next period. update to regulation 509/18, which sets out efficiency

4.5.6 Heavy Industry Sector To improve industrial energy efficiency in Canada, various energy management systems are being advanced such as ENERGY STAR for Industry, and a new version of ISO 50001 adopted in 2018.

British Columbia has started implementation of the CleanBC Program for Industry: i) the CleanBC Industrial Incentive Program opened to applications from industry and will promote cleaner industrial operations across the province by reducing carbon tax costs for facilities near world-leading benchmarks, and ii) the CleanBC Industry Fund, which supports industry investments that reduce GHG emissions from large industrial operations, opened its competitive application process in 2019. In January 2019, Alberta’s Industrial Efficiency Challenge announced $69 million in funding for ten projects in energy-intensive and trade exposed industries to implement new technologies that reduce emissions

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and operating costs. Ontario regulatory changes have Reducing plastic waste and pollution niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental been developed for major-emitting industrial sectors The Government of Canada is working with all levels that would help facilities use alternative, less carbon of government, industry, non-government intensive fuels (such as biomass) in place of coal and organizations, academia and Canadians to take action petroleum coke. on plastic waste and pollution. In 2018, the federal government committed to eliminating the 4.5.7 Waste and Other Sector unnecessary use of single-use plastics in government operations, events and meetings, and diverting at least Reducing emissions from waste 75% of plastic waste from federal operations by 2030. British Columbia recently augmented its landfill gas In 2018, Canada also championed the Ocean Plastics management strategy (which had already included a Charter, which commits to a more resource-efficient requirement to capture 75% of landfill gas). Changes and lifecycle approach to plastics stewardship, on land to the provincial strategy included commitments to and at sea. At the provincial and territorial level, the achieving 95% organic waste diversion. Implemented Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment in 2018, Saskatchewan’s Solid Waste Management approved a Canada-wide Strategy on Zero Plastic Strategy promotes upgrading of municipal waste and Waste in November 2018 that takes a circular sewage management services to reduce, capture and economy approach to plastics and provides a use GHG emissions and biogas that would otherwise framework for action in Canada. In June 2019, the be released into the air, by prioritizing these projects first phase of this strategy was approved, which under joint federal/provincial funding programs. outlines government actions that will support implementation. The Pan-Canadian Framework identifies the municipal waste sector as a key source of cleaner fuels, In June 2019, the Government of Canada announced such as renewable natural gas from landfills, and efforts to drive ambitious actions with provincial and highlights federal-provincial-territorial work on territorial governments and stakeholders across generating bio-energy and bio-products as an Canada, such as banning harmful single-use plastics as emission reduction opportunity. Provinces including early as 2021, and working with provinces and Québec and New Brunswick are already pursuing territories to develop consistent extended producer measures in this area. Québec recently updated its responsibility programs so the same rules for Regulation Respecting the Landfilling and Incineration of collection and recycling apply to all companies that Residual Materials. New Brunswick is focused on produce plastic products. reducing methane emissions from waste through its landfill gas management strategy. Six municipal solid 4.5.8 Agriculture Sector waste landfills have installed approved landfill gas capture systems and five of the six landfills are Reducing emissions from agriculture generating electricity from the biogas. The Canadian Agricultural Partnership launched Canada’s most recent inventory report shows that at on April 1, 2018 for the period 2018-2021, and is the national level in 2017, 43% of methane generated a $3 billion investment that will strengthen the at municipal landfills was captured by landfill gas agriculture, agri-food and agri-based products sector, collection systems. As of December 2019, the Low ensuring continued innovation, growth and Carbon Economy Fund has approved 15 projects prosperity. One of the objectives of the program is to targeting the waste sector. For example, funding for reduce GHG emissions from the agricultural sector. several projects that will generate bioenergy from Through the Partnership, provinces and territories waste found in city landfills across Canada were design and manage delivery of environmental recently announced, including $10 million of funding stewardship programs to support Environmental to support five projects in Saskatchewan, Manitoba Farm Plans and adoption of best management and Ontario related to landfill gas collection efficiency practices such as cover crops, precision nutrient and technologies. application, equipment for reduced tillage seeding and enhanced irrigation efficiency.

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The Agricultural Clean Technology Program is a $25 As of December 2019, six approved Low Carbon million, three-year initiative (2018-2021) supporting Economy Fund projects target the agriculture sector investments made by provincial and territorial and provide incentives that improve the efficiency of governments to lower GHG emissions from equipment or promote best practices to reduce agricultural production through research, emissions, and to enhance soil carbon sequestration development and adoption of clean technologies for within the agriculture sector. the agriculture sector through precision agriculture and agri-based bio-products. 4.5.9 Land Use, Land-Use Change Examples of provincial initiatives include and Forestry (LULUCF) Sector Saskatchewan’s Agriculture Water Management Under the Pan-Canadian Framework, the Strategy, which supports responsible drainage to Government of Canada has committed to reducing reduce direct nitrous oxide emissions from emissions and increasing removals through actions in agricultural runoff and enhance carbon sequestration three key areas: increasing stored carbon and by restoring wetlands. In Prince Edward Island, advancing innovative practices; increasing the use of winter cover crop funding programs reduce nutrient wood for construction; and generating bioenergy and loss in the soil, promote carbon sequestration and advanced bioproducts. Through the Low Carbon reduces direct and indirect losses of nitrous oxide. Economy Fund, five projects have been implemented The Manitoba Government is sharing the cost of which aim at enhancing forest sinks, including by on-farm projects to reduce soil nitrous oxide, reduce promoting forest regeneration in disturbed areas that enteric methane and increase soil carbon have not recovered from harvest or wildfires, and sequestration, including such practices as cover afforestation of idle land. cropping, intercropping, and improved grazing. Manitoba has also established the $204 million Growing Outcomes in Watersheds and Conservation Trusts, which will help producers with projects such as restoring wetlands, planting trees, and improving water retention on farmland to improve climate change resiliency.

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Launched in 2017, the Forest Bioeconomy niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Framework for Canada positions Canada to become a SHORT-LIVED CLIMATE POLLUTANTS global leader in the use of forest biomass for advanced bio-products and innovative solutions. The The Pan-Canadian Framework also recognizes Framework presents an integrated approach to that to limit global average temperature rise to meeting climate change mitigation commitments and well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and advancing innovation in the forest sector for the long to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 °C, term. It affirms federal, provincial and territorial as called for by the Paris Agreement, reductions government commitments to work in partnership in both long-lived GHGs as well as short-lived with forest communities and industry stakeholders, climate pollutants will be required. Short-lived including continually engaging Indigenous Peoples. climate pollutants are a group of GHGs and air pollutants that have a near-term warming Provinces and territories are also taking action in the impact on climate and can affect air quality. LULUCF sector which will contribute to reaching They include black carbon, methane, ground- the 2030 target. In British Columbia, the Forest level ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons. To Carbon Initiative (launched in 2017 with support complement the Pan-Canadian Framework, from the federal Low Carbon Economy Fund) Canada published a Strategy on Short-Lived includes measures to reduce slash burning, restore Climate Pollutants in July 2017 as part of a forests, and use harvest residues. Other provinces and holistic approach for meeting climate and air territories are also looking to address forest pest quality objectives. infestations, increase the use of wood, and invest in the “bioeconomy”.

MID-CENTURY STRATEGY

Complementing the Pan-Canadian Framework, Canada’s Mid-Century Long-Term Low-Greenhouse Gas Development Strategy, submitted to the UNFCCC in 2016, describes possible pathways towards long-term decarbonization. The report is based on modelling of different future scenarios, which includes examining emissions-abatement pathways that are consistent with net emissions falling by at least 80% below 2005 levels in 2050. While Canada’s mid-century strategy is not a blueprint for action nor is it policy prescriptive, it is meant to inform the conversation regarding how Canada can continue the transition to a low-carbon economy over the longer term. The strategy complements the Pan-Canadian Framework and was developed concurrently.

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4.6 Economic and social implications unique circumstances of Canada’s northern territories, of measures taken to address including high costs of living and of energy, climate change challenges with food security, and emerging economies. For example, under the federal carbon Taking action on climate change will not only reduce pollution pricing system, relief is provided for aviation GHG emissions, but will also help to reduce the risks fuels, as well as for light fuel (e.g., diesel) and that climate change poses to Canadians. Taking action marketable natural gas used by remote power plant on climate change will help: operators that generate electricity for remote communities. • improve health outcomes (for example: reducing air pollution, heat-related illness and In addition, the federal carbon pollution pricing climate driven infectious diseases such as Lyme system has been designed specifically to reduce disease); competitiveness impacts on industrial sectors. The federal Output-Based Pricing System for large • cut costs for Canadians (for example: by industrial emitters does this by imposing a compliance improving energy and fuel efficiency, and obligation on only a portion of emissions from therefore reducing utility bills and the cost of refuelling vehicles; reducing damage associated industries that are emissions-intensive and trade- with climate change and related extreme exposed. It sets a performance standard for each weather events); sector under the system. Facilities that are less efficient than the standard have to pay. Those that • reduce congestion (for example: by improving perform better than the standard earn credits that public transit networks) and; they can sell, or save for future use. It creates a • help businesses use cleaner and more efficient financial incentive for the least efficient facilities to technologies (for example: by supporting the reduce emissions per unit of output and for strong adoption of energy management systems). performers to continue to improve.

Canada’s climate policies also consider key socio- 4.7 Estimates of emission reductions economic aspects and potential impacts through their and removals and the use of units implementation. from market based mechanisms For example, pursuing clean growth and taking action and LULUCF on climate change generates jobs in new and emerging sectors and helps realize efficiency savings. Canada’s approaches to the use of internationally- More importantly, early action to reduce emissions transferred mitigation outcomes (market-based will help avoid the high costs associated with the mechanisms) and accounting for LULUCF emissions worst climate impacts. At the same time, Canada are described in Chapter 3. A more detailed recognizes the importance of supporting communities description of Canada’s approach to estimating, across the country that may be affected by the reporting, accounting, and projection emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy, and taking action removals in the LULUCF sector is provided in on the impacts of climate change that are already Annex 2.6. being experienced. Canada is taking steps to minimize any adverse impacts for Canadian industries, communities and all sectors of the economy.

This includes for the Pan-Canadian Approach to Pricing Carbon Pollution. It was designed to give provinces and territories the flexibility to implement their own carbon pollution pricing systems for their circumstances, provided they meet the federal stringency requirements. It takes into account the

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5.0 PROJECTIONS AND THE TOTAL 2020 Up-Date Environmental EFFECT OF POLICIES AND MEASURES

This chapter provides projections of greenhouse gas Projections presented in this report represent both a (GHG) emissions through 2030, aligned to Canada’s “with measures” (WM) scenario and a “with historical emissions from 1990 to 2017 as presented in additional measures” (WAM) scenario.6 Canada’s 2019 National Inventory Report (NIR) and Chapter 3 of this report. This chapter presents • The WM scenario, outlined in Section 5.1, detailed projections according to Canada’s economic builds on the WM projections presented in Canada’s 3rd sector categories and by gas, aligned with the BR, and also now includes actions taken by governments, consumers and presentation of policies and measures in Chapter 4. A businesses over the last two years, up to short presentation of projected emissions by September 2019. This scenario does not Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) account for all measures of the Pan-Canadian sector categories is also provided. A description of the Framework as a number of them are still under relationship between Canada’s economic sectors and development. IPCC sectors can be found in Chapter 3. Canada’s GHG inventory is available both online on the • The WAM scenario, described in Section 5.2, Government of Canada website,4 as well as on the accounts for those additional policies and Government of Canada Open Data Portal website.5 measures that are under development but have not yet been fully implemented, some of which As described in Chapter 3 of this report, under the were announced as part of the Pan-Canadian Paris Agreement, Canada has committed to achieving Framework (e.g., Clean Fuel Standard). This an economy-wide target to reduce GHG emissions by scenario is provided for the purposes of 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. Under the presenting progress to Canada’s 2030 target Copenhagen Accord Canada committed to reducing and to better demonstrate the expected impact GHG emissions by 17% below 2005 levels by 2020. of the Pan-Canadian Framework. As Canada’s plan to meet its international commitments, the Government of Canada worked in Under the WAM scenario, emissions in 2030 would close collaboration with provinces and territories and decline to 588 Mt (including LULUCF contribution), with input from Indigenous Peoples, businesses, which is 227 Mt below the WM projections in nongovernmental organizations, and Canadians from Canada’s Second Biennial Report (BR2) by 2030, or across the country to develop the Pan-Canadian 19% below 2005 levels. This decline, equivalent to Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change approximately a third of Canada’s emissions in 2005, (Pan-Canadian Framework). As described in further is widespread across all economic sectors, reflecting detail in Chapter 4, the Pan-Canadian Framework is a the breadth and the depth of the Pan-Canadian federal, provincial and territorial plan to take Framework. Figure 5.1 illustrates the contribution of ambitious action to reduce emissions and fight climate each sector to projected emissions reductions in 2030. change, build resilience to a changing climate, and drive clean economic growth.

4 https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/inventory.html 5 http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/779c7bcf-4982-47eb-af1b-a33618a05e5b 6 The policies and measures modeled in each of these scenarios are listed in 7 in Annex 2.1 of this chapter, and several are described in more detail in Chapter 4: Policies and Measures. It should be noted that the sum of emission reductions associated with individual policies and measures—as summarized in Annex1: Policies and Measures of the Biennial Report—will not be equivalent to the overall projected emission reductions of policies and measures in this chapter due to the interaction effects between measures and different modeling approaches.

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861

815 811 Future Reductions: - Effort to increase clean electricity, greener buildings and communities, electrification of 761 transportation, and nature-based climate solutions. -47 - Greater than anticipated clean technology adoption; one possible scenario is highlighted -43 711 in the Technology Case. e ²

-40

Mt CO 661 -27 -23 611 -17 -2 -13 -15 551

-77 511 511 Target LULUCF Buidings Electricity Agriculture WCI Credits Oil and Gas Transportation Heavy Industry Waste and Others Waste Future Reductions Future Starting point (BR2)

Figure 5.1: Contribution to Emissions Reductions in 2030 (Mt CO2e) * In December 2019, Canada’s federal government committed to setting a target to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. As measures toward this target are announced and implemented, they will be included in the modelling and will have an impact on future projected emissions levels. In addition, impacts from the Technology Case (see section 5.2.3) show GHG reductions of 13 Mt in 2030 compared to the WAM scenario. If they materialize, these reductions would reduce the required reductions from unmodelled measures and other future reductions.

Figure 5.2 shows projections under the WM and electrification of transportation, and nature-based WAM scenarios, as well as the projections presented climate solutions (including a commitment to plant 2 in Canada’s BR2. Going forward, it is expected that billion trees over the next 10 years). At the time of further progress will take place, especially as current completing the projections for this report, these estimates do not include the full reductions from commitments had not been formally announced. investment in clean technology and innovation. In However, as new measures are announced in more addition, in December 2019, Canada’s federal detail and implemented, they will be included in the government announced a commitment to set a target modelling and will have an impact on future projected of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, as well as emissions levels. priorities including support for clean electricity generation, greener buildings and communities, the

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2015 Reference Case (BR2) 815 Mt 800

750

700 2019 Reference Case (BR4) 673 Mt 650

2019 Additional Measures (BR4) 600 603 Mt With LULUCF: 588 Mt

550

2030 Target: 511 Mt 500 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Figure 5.2: Scenarios of Canadian Emissions to 2030 (Mt CO2 eq)

Moreover, these projected emission reductions do not Canada’s GHG projections are derived using a account for additional mitigation measures that could detailed bottom-up simulation model where energy be implemented by the provinces and territories data is allocated to individual subsectors using the between now and 2030. Emissions reductions from North American Industrial Classification System. additional future actions will be assessed as new These subsectors are then aggregated into the measures are implemented. economic sectors presented in this report. Considering that gross domestic product (GDP) and 5.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions relative energy prices are key drivers of GHG Projections by Economic Sector emissions in most sectors, macroeconomic models are the primary tool for generating emissions projections and Gas under the With Measures in Canada. This method of energy and emissions Scenario allocation is essential for identifying possible impacts from current and future policies and measures 5.1.1 National Emissions Projections implemented in a particular sector. As for past Biennial Reports, projections were developed using Canada’s GHG emissions projections are updated the Energy, Emissions and Economy Model for annually, reflecting the latest historical data and Canada (E3MC), which is internationally recognized up-to-date future economic and energy market and incorporates external data from consistent sources assumptions. As such, projections fluctuate over time (for more information on E3MC, please see Annex 2.1). as a result of changes in these assumptions.

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This section presents Canada’s WM Scenario Table 5.1 illustrates how the projected trends in GHG emissions projections to 2030 with comparisons made emissions vary by economic sector, while Table 5.2 to 2005, Canada’s base year for its GHG emissions provides a breakdown of projected trends in GHG reduction target.7 Projections in the WM Scenario are emissions by IPCC sector. based on policies and measures in place as of September 2019 and assume no further government Table 5.1: GHG emissions by Economic action. Two other scenarios are presented in the Sector (Mt CO2 eq) under WM Scenario, report. The WAM scenario includes measures that from 2005 to 2030 (Excluding Land Use, have been announced but are not yet in place (see Land-Use Change and Forestry) Section 5.2.1 for more details). The Technology Case Historical Projected (see Section 5.2.3 for more details) is an additional scenario that provides an indication of the sensitivity 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030 of projections to faster evolution of technological Oil and Gas 158 159 192 195 206 213 progress than that assumed in the WM and WAM Electricity 119 97 81 74 52 24 scenarios. Transportation 162 170 174 174 170 153 The list of federal, provincial and territorial policies Heavy Industry 87 74 77 73 77 84 and measures that were included in the WM scenario Buildings 86 82 86 85 84 77 is provided in Table A2.39 in Annex 2.3. Where Agriculture 72 68 71 72 74 76 applicable, historical emissions for 2010 and 2017 (the Waste & 47 43 42 42 43 45 most recent year for which historical emissions are Others available) are also shown. Total 730 693 722 716 705 673

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. 5.1.2 Comparing Activity Sector Categories to Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019. Economic Sectors In line with UNFCCC reporting guidelines, Canada At the sectoral level, the expected reductions between has chosen to use economic sectors to present policies 2017 and 2030 come mostly from reductions of 50 Mt and measures as well as projections in our National and 21 Mt in electricity- and transportation-related Communications and Biennial Reports. Examining emissions. Buildings emissions are also expected to the historical path of Canadian GHG emissions by decline by 8 Mt during the period. During the same economic sector allows for a better understanding of period, emissions in the oil and gas and heavy industry the connection between economic activities and sectors are expected to experience the highest growth emissions for the purposes of analyzing trends and for (increases of 18 Mt and 11 Mt, respectively). The policy analysis. This approach is also more closely agriculture and waste and others sectors are expected aligned with that taken in the Pan-Canadian to grow modestly during the period (by 3 Mt each). Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change. It More details about these trends can be found in is also presented in Canada’s NIR along with GHG Annex 2.1. emissions categorised under the IPCC reporting requirements by activity sectors. For more information about how Canada reallocates GHG emissions from activity sector categories to economic sectors, please see Annex 2.1.

7 In May 2015, Canada submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC. The submission included an economy-wide target to reduce GHG emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. This submission was updated in 2017 following the release of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change. As outlined in the Paris Agreement and accompanying decisions adopted in December 2015, Parties to the UNFCCC were invited to submit final targets as part of ratifying the new agreement and will be obligated to submit revised nationally determined contributions every five years.

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Table 5.2: GHG emissions by IPCC Sector (Mt CO eq) under WM Scenario from 2005

2 2020 Up-Date Environmental to 2030 (Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry)

Historical Projected

2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030 Stationary Combustion and Fugitive Sources 403 372 390 382 370 344 Transport 192 197 202 201 199 186 Industrial Processes 56 51 53 54 57 60 Agriculture 60 55 58 60 62 63 Waste 20 18 19 19 19 19 Total 730 693 722 716 705 673

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

More detailed projections by economic sector and a pricing, amendments to the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide more detailed comparison between projections by Emissions from Coal-fired Generation of Electricity sector categories and economic sectors are provided Regulations (2012), the Energy Management Program, in Annex 2.1. and actions taken by provinces and territories under the Low Carbon Economy Fund).

5.1.3 Comparison of Current and Previous With Not only have projected emissions changed, but Measures Emissions Projections historical emissions have also changed, with revisions In 2030, Canada’s GHG emissions under the WM going back to 2005, due to improvements and Scenario are projected to decline to 673 Mt, or 49 Mt refinements to data sources and methodologies. The below the WM scenario of 722 Mt presented in change to 2005 GHG emissions resulted in a Canada’s Seventh National Communication and recalculation of Canada’s 2030 target from 517 Mt in Third Biennial Report (NC7/BR3). This change is NC7/BR3 to 511 Mt, based on the most recent 2019 primarily driven by new policies and measures that NIR. Additional information about methodological have been put in place since 2017 (such as the Energy changes can be found in Annex 2.4. Innovation Program and British Columbia’s CleanBC plan) and to the addition to the WM scenario of a Table 5.3 (below) presents changes at the economic number of policies and measures previously included sector level between the WM scenarios in the Third in the WAM scenario (such as carbon pollution Biennial Report (BR3) and the Fourth Biennial Report (BR4).

Table 5.3: Comparison of Current WM Scenario Projections with that Presented in BR3,

by Economic Sector (Mt CO2 eq) 2005 2020 2030 Change BR3 BR4 BR3 BR4 BR3 BR4 2020 2030 Oil and Gas 158 158 197 206 215 213 9 -2 Electricity 117 119 71 52 46 24 -19 -22 Transportation 163 162 168 170 155 153 2 -2 Heavy 86 87 83 77 97 84 -6 -13 Industry Buildings 85 86 88 84 83 77 -4 -6 Agriculture 74 72 71 74 72 76 3 4 Waste & 54 47 50 43 53 45 -7 -8 Others Total 738 730 728 705 722 673 -23 -49

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

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5.1.4 Emissions Intensity Projections show per capita emissions should continue Canadian per capita GHG emissions have been to decrease, falling to 16.0 tonnes per person in 2030. decreasing significantly since 2005 when they were This reflects a projected increase in Canada’s 22.7 tonnes CO eq per person. In 2017, emissions population of 15% between 2017 and 2030, while 2 emissions in the WM scenario are projected to be 6% per capita were 19.6 tonnes CO2 eq per person, the lowest level recorded since records began in 1990. lower in 2030 than in 2017. Figure 5.3 shows the evolution of Canada’s GHG emissions intensity per unit of GDP and per capita from 1990 to 2030.

160

140

120

100 1990=100 80

60

40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

GHG/GDP - History GHG/GDP - WM Scenario

GHG/Capita - History GHG/Capita - WM Scenario

Figure 5.3: Canadian Emissions Intensity per Unit of GDP and per Capita under WM Scenario, 1990 to 2030 (1990 = 100)

5.1.5 Emissions by Gas Detailed emissions projections by gas and economic sectors are provided in Annex 2.1. Total Canadian GHG emissions over the projection period by gas are presented in natural units in Table 5.4 below. Table

5.5 converts the information into CO2 eq with global warming potential values from the fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC and provides emissions totals excluding LULUCF emissions.

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Table 5.4: Total Canadian Emissions Projections under WM Scenario by Gas, niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Excluding LULUCF Emissions (kilotonne (Kt)—natural form) from 2005 to 2030

Historical Projected Gas 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030

CO2 577 000 556 000 577 000 571 000 571 000 560 000

CH4 4 200 3 700 3 900 3 700 3 700 3 700

N2O 120 110 120 130 130 130 HFC 4 5 8 9 9 10 PFC <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

SF6 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

NF3 <1 <1 <1 <1 n.a. n.a.

Note: Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

Table 5.5: Total Canadian Emissions Projections under WM scenario by Gas in CO2 eq,

Excluding LULUCF Emissions (Mt CO2 eq) from 2005 to 2030

Historical Projected Change Gas 2005 to 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030 2030

CO2 577 556 577 571 560 542 -35

CH4 106 93 96 93 92 80 -26

N2O 37 33 37 38 39 40 3 HFC 5 8 11 13 14 10 5 PFC42111<1-3

SF6 1<1<1<1<1<1-1

NF3 <1 <1 <1 <1 n.a. n.a. 0 Total 730 693 722 716 705 673 -57

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

5.1.6 LULUCF Sector estimates for the LULUCF sector; the detailed The LULUCF projection estimates presented in breakdown by LULUCF sub-sectors of projected Table 5.6 are modeled separately from the other emissions with the description of the methodologies sectors. The table provides projected aggregated are provided in Annex 2.6. Table 5.6: LULUCF sector net GHG flux estimates for selected years

Net GHG flux (Mt CO2 eq) Projected Historical Estimates Estimates* 1990 2005 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 2030 Total LULUCF -68 -21 -36 -33 -32 -25 -25 -24 -22 -10

* Historical estimates include all LULUCF sub-categories. Projected estimates include only sub-sectors for which projections are available, i.e. they exclude grassland, settlements remaining settlements and other land sub-sectors.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-159 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

The accounting contribution for Canada’s forest Forest Land remaining Forest Land (FLFL) and sector and harvested wood products is calculated associated harvested wood products (HWP) provide using the Reference Level approach. For the rest of the largest share of the overall accounting result and the LULUCF sub-sectors the accounting show a growing accounting contribution (see Annex contribution is calculated using the net-net approach, 2.6) through to 2017 because actual harvest rates using 2005 as the base year. Details of these continued to remain below the historical average calculations by LULUCF sub-sector are provided in harvest levels used to calculate the Reference Level. Annex 2.6. Aggregated accounting contribution for After 2020, the projected harvest rates and Reference LULUCF sectors is presented in Table 5.7. Level harvest rates increasingly converge, reducing the accounting contribution from FLFL and associated HWP. Table 5.7: LULUCF Accounting Contribution

(Mt CO2 eq) Historical Estimates Projected Estimates* 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020 2030 Total LULUCF Accounting -0.15 -5.3 -9.4 -13 -15 -17 -23 -15 Contribution

* Historical estimates include all LULUCF sub-categories. Projected estimates include only sub-sectors for which projections are available, i.e. they exclude grassland, settlements remaining settlements and other land sub-sectors.

5.1.7 Emissions by Province Table 5.8 displays projected provincial and territorial Emissions vary considerably by province, driven by GHG emissions from 2005 to 2030. The projected diversity in population size, economic activities, and emissions reflect a diversity of economic factors and resource base, among other factors. For example, government measures to reduce GHG emissions. provinces where the economy is oriented more These include energy efficiency and renewable toward resource extraction tend to have higher electricity programs, carbon pricing, regulatory 8 emissions levels whereas more manufacturing or measures, and legislated renewable electricity targets. service-based economies tend to have lower emissions levels. Electricity generation sources also vary, with provinces that rely on fossil fuels for their electricity generation having higher emissions than provinces that rely more on non-emitting sources of electricity, e.g. hydroelectricity, nuclear, wind and solar.

8 Although provincial and territorial governments have announced a diverse range of measures, only measures that could be readily modeled or have an announced regulatory or budgetary dimension were modeled. Aspirational goals and targets that were not supported by measurable, real and verifiable actions were not included in the projections. The policies and measures modeled in this section are listed in Table A2.38 in Annex 2 of this report.

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Table 5.8: Provincial and Territorial GHG Emissions (Mt CO eq) under WM Scenario, from

2 2020 Up-Date Environmental 2005 to 2030 (Excluding LULUCF)

Historical Projected Change 2005 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030 to 2030 Newfoundland and Labrador 10 10 11 11 11 9 -1 Prince Edward Island 222222 < -1 Nova Scotia 23 20 17 16 15 11 -13 New Brunswick 20 18 14 14 14 10 -10 Québec 86 80 78 78 77 73 -14 Ontario 204 174 165 159 161 160 -44 Manitoba 20 19 21 22 22 22 2 Saskatchewan 68 69 79 78 75 68 < -1 Alberta 231 239 275 273 265 258 27 British Columbia 63 59 59 62 61 59 -4 Yukon Territory 1 1 <1111 < 1 Northwest Territory 212121 < -1 Nunavut <1 <11111 1 Canada 730 693 722 716 705 673 -57

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

5.2 Assessment of Aggregate • The Clean Fuel Standard, which will reduce Effect of Policies and Measures the lifecycle emissions intensity of most liquid, gaseous and solid fuels used in Canadian transportation, industry, homes and buildings. 5.2.1 With Measures and With Additional The objective of the Clean Fuel Standard is to Measures Scenarios achieve 30 Mt of annual reductions in GHG Since the submission of Canada’s BR2 a number of emissions by 2030; policies and measures have been implemented, which • retrofit building codes for existing buildings, have resulted in significantly lower emissions net-zero ready building codes for new projections under the WM scenario, decreasing to buildings, as well as more stringent standards 673 Mt in 2030 (not including LULUCF), or 8% for equipment and appliances in the buildings below 2005 levels. sector;

A number of policies included in the WAM scenario • measures in the transportation sector targeting in Canada’s Seventh National Communication and off-road vehicles and further extension of the Third Biennial Report, such as carbon pollution light duty vehicle standards for the vehicles of pricing, accelerated coal phase-out, the Low Carbon the post-2025 model years; Economy Fund, and a number of other programs, • improving electricity transmission system by have been legislated and/or gotten the funding, are building strategic interconnections; now also included in Canada’s WM scenario. • and other policies (please refer to Table A2.39 for a full list of measures included in the WAM Nevertheless, there remain policies and measures that scenario). have been announced under the Pan-Canadian Framework, but have not yet been fully implemented. This includes the following policies and measures:

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-161 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

As discussed in Chapter 3, Canada will continue to Canada’s emissions including LULUCF in 2030 work with interested provinces and territories, as well under the WAM scenario are projected to decline as with international partners, to ensure that even further to 588 Mt, which is 227 Mt below the allowances acquired through international-emissions WM projections in Canada’s BR2, or 19% below trading are counted towards Canada’s international 2005 levels. targets. This includes purchases of credits under the Western Climate Initiative (WCI). It is expected that GHG estimates will continue to decline in the medium term, especially as current According to the WAM scenario, which accounts for estimates do not include the full reductions from all of these measures, as well as 13 Mt of projected investment in green infrastructure, clean technology purchases of credits under the WCI, Canada’s and innovation. In addition, as mentioned above, a projected emissions in 2030 are expected to decrease new federal commitment to target net-zero emissions to 603 Mt, excluding LULUCF. by 2050, and associated mitigation priorities (clean electricity, greener buildings and communities, Another area of significant reporting and electrification of transportation, and nature-based quantification progress since Canada’s NC7/BR3 is climate solutions), were not formally announced at the LULUCF sector and determination of its the time of completing the projections for this report. accounting contribution towards Canada’s climate As they are announced in more detail and change targets. The LULUCF sector is projected to implemented, they will be included in the modelling reduce Canada’s emissions by 15 Mt in 2030. Full and will have an impact on future projected emissions quantification details for the LULUCF contribution levels. both for the historical and projected periods are provided in Annex 2.6. Table 5.9: GHG Emissions by Economic Sector in WM and WAM scenarios, 2005 to 2030

(Mt CO2 eq) Historical Projected

With Additional With Measures 2005 2010 2015 2017 Measures 2020 2030 2020 2030 Oil and Gas 158 159 192 195 206 213 206 199 Electricity 119 97 81 74 52 24 51 18 Transportation 162 170 174 174 170 153 170 141 Heavy Industry 87 74 77 73 77 84 77 80 Buildings 86 82 86 85 84 77 80 62 Agriculture 72 68 71 72 74 76 74 74 Waste & Others 47 43 42 42 43 45 43 42 WCI Credits n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -8 -13 LULUCF n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. -23 -15 -23 -15 Total 730 693 722 716 682 658 670 588

Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019.

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Table 5.10: Provincial and Territorial GHG LULUCF accounting contribution in 2030. New niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental Emissions (Mt CO2 eq) from 2005 to 2030 policies, such as CleanBC, the Energy Innovation Under the WAM scenario (Excluding Program and the federal incentive for zero-emission LULUCF) vehicles also helped shrink the resulting void.

Projected – Table 5.11 presents changes in provincial and Historical Additional territorial projected emissions between the WAM Measures scenarios in BR3 and BR4. 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2030 Newfoundland Table 5.11: Comparison of Current WAM 10 10 11 11 11 8 and Labrador Scenario Projections with that Presented in Prince Edward 222221BR3, by Economic Sector (Mt CO2 eq) Island Nova Scotia 23 20 17 16 15 8 BR3 BR4 Change New Oil and Gas 192 199 8 20 18 14 14 14 9 Brunswick Electricity 21 18 -3 Québec* 86 80 78 78 68 53 Transportation 143 141 -2 Ontario 204 174 165 159 159 145 Heavy Industry 93 80 -13 Manitoba 20 19 21 22 22 20 Buildings 71 62 -9 Saskatchewan 68 69 79 78 75 62 Agriculture 71 74 3 Alberta 231 239 275 273 263 238 Waste & Others 51 42 -9 British 63 59 59 62 60 56 WCI Credits -59 -13 46 Columbia LULUCF N.A. -15 -15 Yukon Territory 1 1 <1 1 1 <1 Total 583 588 5 Northwest 212121 Territory Nunavut <1 <111115.2.3 Technology Case Canada 730 693 722 716 693 603 The Technology Case (TC) is an additional scenario that was modeled to provide an indication of the Note: Numbers may not sum to the total due to rounding. sensitivity of energy and emissions projections to Historical emissions data comes from NIR 2019. faster evolution of technological progress than that * Projections for Québec include credits from the Western assumed in the WM and WAM scenarios. As is the Climate Initiative. case for the other scenarios, TC is not a prediction of the future, but one possible outcome under certain 5.2.2 Comparison of Current and Previous With conditions. The TC should also not be construed as a Additional Measures Emissions Projections recommendation of certain policies, technologies or outcomes. All starting assumptions on economic Relative to Canada’s BR3 WAM projections, changes growth, energy prices and oil production are those in the BR4 WAM projections are mostly due to used in the WM and WAM scenarios. The TC is changes in provincial climate policies, most notably generally consistent with the assumptions in Canada Ontario’s repeal of its cap-and-trade legislation and Energy Regulator TC, which was published in 2018 revision in provincial target, as well as updated and in turn is aligned to the global assumptions in the macroeconomic assumptions such as population International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook growth and oil and gas production forecasts. The 2018 “Sustainable Development Scenario.9,10” Still change in expected reductions from Ontario has been there are two aspects of the TC that make the offset to some extent by the inclusion of the expected scenario presented in this report different: it does not

9 International Energy Agency (2017). World Energy Outlook 2017. France. Available from: https://webstore.iea.org/world-energy- outlook-2017. 10 Canada Energy Regulator (2018). Canada’s Energy Future 2018: Supply and Demand Projections to 2040. Government of Canada. Calgary, Alberta. Available online at http://www.CER.gc.ca/nrg/ntgrtd/ftr/2018/chptr4-eng.html.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-163 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

include drops to crude oil and natural gas prices or internal combustion engines (ICE) by 2025; declining increasing carbon prices that could occur under battery costs, reduced operating and maintenance costs stricter global commitments to reduce GHGs; and it compared to ICE vehicles and increased charging includes credits attributable to the output-based infrastructure could result in rapid EV uptake and a allocations for industry under the federal carbon transformation of the transportation sector. pricing backstop. The TC explores the impact of the uptake of more efficient equipment, fuel switching, Finally, additional potential exists in the electric changes in industrial processes and reduction in generation sector for reducing emissions through capital costs of renewable electric generation. greater uptake of non-hydro renewables. For wind and solar power, capital costs are substantial There are several emerging technologies and trends components of the levelized cost of electricity. Given incorporated in the TC that have significant potential that the choice between building additional renewable to reduce energy use and emissions. These or fossil fuel related capacity is highly dependent on technologies and trends include heat pumps, electric relative levelized costs, substantial drops in overnight vehicles (EVs), steam-assisted gravity drainage capital costs11 for wind and solar could lead to a (SAGD) solvent extraction, use of inert anodes in greener electricity grid. aluminum smelting, and reduced capital costs for electric renewable generation. While impacts from the TC show GHG reductions of 13 Mt in 2030 compared to the WAM scenario, Geothermal and air source heat pumps are two to five impacts beyond 2030 will be substantially more as times more efficient than conventional sources of heat equipment turnover results in more fuel efficient and for space and water heating thus increased adoption of cleaner burning equipment being reflected in capital these technologies could play an important role in stocks. Annex 2.1 presents additional details and decarbonizing Canada’s building sector. Electric vehicles results on the TC. are expected to become more cost-competitive than

750

700

WM Scenario: 673 Mt 650

WAM Scenario: 603 Mt 600 Technology: 590 Mt

550 2015 2020 2025 2030

Figure 5.4: Canada’s GHG emissions projections under the WM, WAM and TC (excluding LULUCF)

11 Overnight capital cost is a term used to describe the cost of building a power plant ‘overnight’ and does not take into account financing costs.

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5.3 Sensitivity Analysis where evolution of technology and its adoption niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental happens faster than that assumed in the WM and Canada develops its scenarios of emissions projections WAM scenarios, which have conservative assumptions using E3MC, a detailed, proven energy, emissions and about the rate of technology development and economy model. Each year, the model is re-calibrated deployment. Finally, a set of scenarios has been using the most recent data available (see Annex 2.7) to developed to take into consideration the uncertainty provide a robust, well-grounded in empirical evidence related to future economic growth, oil and natural gas forecast. Nevertheless, uncertainty is inherent in the prices and production. projections of any model that looks decades into the future. To address this issue, this section presents Projections are updated annually and reflect the latest alternative scenarios showing the sensitivity of GHG historical data and up-to-date future economic and emission projections to projected energy prices and energy market assumptions. Uncertainty is addressed economic growth. That said, other sources of via modelling and analysis of alternate cases that focus uncertainty exist, and they are discussed in more on variability in two key factors: future economic details in Annex 2.5. growth and population projections and the evolution of oil and natural gas prices and production. These Given the uncertainty regarding the key drivers of assumptions are presented in Table 5.12 and Table GHG emissions, the scenarios presented in the 5.13, and the overall range of emissions is presented previous section should be seen as one estimate within in Figure 5.5.12 a set of possible emissions outcomes in the projection period, as events that will shape emissions and energy Table 5.12: Economic Growth and markets cannot be fully anticipated. In addition, future Population from 2019 to 2030 developments in technologies, demographics and 2019 to 2030 resources cannot be foreseen with certainty. The With Low High variation in these complex economic and energy Measures variables implies that modeling results are most Annual GDP Growth Rate 0.70% 1.72% 2.72% appropriately viewed as a range of plausible outcomes. Annual Population 0.70% 1.01% 1.37% Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Growth Rate addresses this uncertainty via modeling and analysis of alternative cases. The TC (see Section 5.2.3) is one

Table 5.13: Oil and Gas Prices and Production in 2025 and 2030

2025 2030 FUEL UNITS With With Low High Low High Measures Measures Crude Oil Price (WTI) 2017US$/bbl 34 66 110 35 69 113 Heavy Oil (WCS) 2017US$/bbl 21 54 98 22 57 102 Crude Oil 1000 bbl/day 4008 5217 5794 3704 5688 6530 Natural Gas (Henry Hub) 2017US$/MMBTU 2.05 2.88 3.82 2.23 3.42 4.38 Natural Gas Billion Cubic Feet 4757 7030 7993 4385 7994 9589

12 The High and Low alternate emissions scenarios from presented in this section are equivalent to the Fast GDP – High World Oil Prices and Slow GDP – Low World Oil Prices scenarios respectively in Annex 2.5.

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-165 Climate Change & Energy Efficiency

Table 5.14: Sensitivity of GHG Emissions to Changes in GDP and Prices

(excluding LULUCF) in Mt CO2 eq Scenarios 2025 2030 2030 Projections - 2005 Emissions Slow GDP, Low World Oil and Gas Prices 620 583 -147 Fast GDP, High Oil and Gas Prices 709 729 -1 *With Measures* Scenario 705 673 -57 Sensitivity Range 620 to 709 583 to 729 -147 to -1

800

750 High: 729 Mt

700

WM: 673 Mt 650

600 Low: 583 Mt

550 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Figure 5.5: Canada’s Domestic Emissions Projections (Mt CO2 eq): Low, WM and High Scenarios

© Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2019. Reprinted with permission. The full report can be accessed at no cost by visiting https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/fourth-biennial-report-cli- mate-change.html.

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Conferences, seminars, & trade shows are listed by 16 Lobster Lane Exhibition on Mining, Material and Metallurgical year, month, & day for 2020 and beyond. In cases St Andrews, NB E5B 3T6 Education where only a year was provided, the entry appears at 506-529-4766 Fax: 506-529-4609 Date: August 6-8, 2020 the end of that year. Listings include association annual E-mail: [email protected] Location: Quebec City, QC general meetings, government-sponsored events, indus- URL: www.aquacultureassociation.ca Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Energy, try trade shows, & international meetings. Changes do Scope: National Minerals & Materials occur; you are encouraged to verify dates & locations Purpose: Featuring presentations, special sessions, P.O. Box 62047 Stn. Convent Glen workshops, & posters before planning to attend. 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Council of Outdoor Educators of Ontario 2020 Annual Richmond, BC V7A 2C4 Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs Fire-Rescue Fall Conference 604-277-7527 Fax: 604-277-7529 Canada 2020 Date: September 25-27, 2020 Toll-Free: 800-710-9867 Date: September 13-16, 2020 Location: RKY Camp URL: www.cgs.ca Location: Le Westin Montreal Parham, ON Scope: National Montreal, QC Sponsor/Contact: Council of Outdoor Educators of Purpose: Theme: “Reflection on Resources” Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs Ontario Contact Information: www.geocalgary2020.ca #700, 1 Rideau St. P.O. Box 62 Stn. Main Ottawa, ON K1N 8S7 Kingston, ON K7L 4V6 Alberta Forest Products Association 78th Annual Toll-Free: 800-775-5189 E-mail: [email protected] General Meeting & Conference 2020 URL: www.cafc.ca URL: www.coeo.org Date: September 2020 Scope: National Scope: National Location: Alberta Purpose: Speaker presentations, seminars, & workshops Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Forest Products Association for the fire & emergency services community from across #900, 10707 - 100 Ave. Canada & the United States F-Cell + HFC 2020 The Impulse Summit Edmonton, AB T5J 3M1 Date: September 9-10, 2020 780-452-2841 Fax: 780-455-0505 Canadian Chamber of Commerce 2020 AGM and Location: Vancouver Convention Centre E-mail: [email protected] Convention Vancouver, BC URL: www.albertaforestproducts.ca Date: September 26-28, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Scope: Provincial Location: Ottawa, ON Association Purpose: A business meeting, sessions on topics relevant Sponsor/Contact: The Canadian Chamber of Commerce #900, 1188 West Georgia St. to the industry, networking opportunities, & a recognition #1700, 275 Slater St. Vancouver, BC V6E 4A2 dinner Ottawa, ON K1P 5H9 604-283-1040 Fax: 604-283-1043 613-238-4000 Fax: 613-238-7643 E-mail: [email protected] Association of Canadian Port Authorities 2020 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.chfca.ca Annual Conference & General Meeting URL: www.chamber.ca Scope: International Date: September 28 - October 1, 2020 Scope: National Contact Information: URL: hyfcell.com Location: Toronto, ON Sponsor/Contact: Association of Canadian Port Canadian Energy Research Institute 2020 Geological Association of Canada 2020 Annual Authorities Petrochemical Conference Meeting #1006, 75 Albert St. Date: September 23-25, 2020 Date: September 21-23, 2020 Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 Location: Pomeroy Kananaskis Mountain Lodge Sponsor/Contact: Geological Association of Canada 613-232-2036 Fax: 613-232-9554 Kananaskis, AB c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Energy Research Institute Newfoundland URL: www.acpa-ports.net #150, 3512 - 33rd St. NW #ER4063, Alexander Murray Bldg. Purpose: Brings together Canadian professionals and key Calgary, AB T2L 2A6 St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 decision makers to discuss port trade topics and issues; E-mail: [email protected] 709-864-7660 Fax: 709-864-2532 speaker series URL: www.ceri.ca E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.gac.ca CAMPUT 2020 Annual General Meeting Purpose: Theme: “Petrochemicals and the Energy Scope: National Date: September 20-23, 2020 Evolution” Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. Location: Delta Hotel Saskatoon, SK Canadian Institute of Forestry 112th AGM 2020 National Insurance Conference of Canada 2020 Sponsor/Contact: CAMPUT Date: September 13-16, 2020 Date: September 30 - October 2, 2020 #646, 200 North Service Rd. West Location: Delta Hotels Location: The Westin Ottawa Oakville, ON L6M 2Y1 Sault Ste. Marie, ON Ottawa, ON 905-827-5139 Fax: 905-827-3260 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Forestry Sponsor/Contact: Insurance Bureau of Canada E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 99 Head Office / Ontario Office URL: www.camput.org 6905 Hwy. 17 West P.O. Box 121 Scope: National Mattawa, ON P0H 1V0 #2400, 777 Bay St. 705-744-1715 Fax: 705-744-1716 Toronto, ON M5G 2C8 Canada Green Building Council 2020 National E-mail: [email protected] 416-362-2031 Fax: 416-361-5952 Conference URL: www.cif-ifc.org Toll-Free: 844-227-5422 Date: September 22 - October 20, 2020 Scope: National URL: www.ibc.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canada Green Building Council Scope: National #202, 47 Clarence St. Purpose: Sponsored by the Insurance Bureau of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1N 9K1 among other companies & organizations

E-168 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Contact Information: Web Site: www.niccanada.com; Toll-Free: 877-356-0699 trade show for delegates from Western Canada Water Phone: 416-368-0777; Fax: 416-363-7454 E-mail: [email protected] Anticipated Attendance: 500+

URL: www.pwabc.ca Contact Information: Western Canada Water, Toll-Free 2020 Up-Date Environmental Ontario Field Ornithologists 2020 Annual Convention Scope: Provincial Phone: 1-877-283-2003, Toll-Free Fax: 1-877-283-2007, Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Field Ornithologists E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 116 Stn. F The American Association of Bovine Practitioners Toronto, ON M4Y 2L4 2020 Annual Conference Wilderness Canoe Assocation Annual Fall Gathering E-mail: [email protected] Date: September 24-26, 2020 2020 URL: www.ofo.ca Location: Louisville, KY USA Date: September 18-20, 2020 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: American Association of Bovine Sponsor/Contact: Wilderness Canoe Association Purpose: Activities include guest speakers, birding Practitioners P.O. Box 91068 displays, field trips, & a social event P.O. Box 3610 2901 Bayview Ave. #802, 3320 Skyway Dr. Toronto, ON M2K 2Y6 Ontario Municipal Human Resources Association Auburn, AL 36831-3610 E-mail: [email protected] 2020 Fall Conference 334-821-0442 Fax: 334-821-9532 URL: www.wildernesscanoe.ca Date: September 23-25, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: Flatwater & whitewater paddling; Hiking; Guest Location: Four Points by Sheraton Kingston URL: www.aabp.org speakers Kingston, ON Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Municipal Human Resources October Association Transportation Association of Canada 2020 P.O. Box 1090 Conference & Exhibition American Chemistry Council 2020 Process Safety Waterford, ON N0E 1Y0 Date: September 27-30, 2020 Forum 519-443-6549 Location: Vancouver, BC Date: October 13-14, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Transportation Association of Canada Sponsor/Contact: American Chemistry Council URL: www.omhra.ca #401, 1111 Prince of Wales Dr. 700 Second St. NE Scope: Provincial Ottawa, ON K2C 3T2 Washington, DC 20002 Contact Information: Phone: 905-736-1174 613-736-1350 Fax: 613-736-1395 202-249-7000 Fax: 202-249-6100 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.americanchemistry.com Organic Trade Association (OTA) Expo East 2020 URL: www.tac-atc.ca Scope: International Date: September 23-26, 2020 Scope: National Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. Location: Philadelphia, PA USA Purpose: The largest national gathering of transportation Sponsor/Contact: Organic Trade Association professionals in Canada Atlantic Canada Water & Wastewater Association #45A, 444 North Capital St. 2020 73rd Annual Conference Washington, DC 20001 Union of British Columbia Municipalities 2020 Annual Date: October 18-21, 2020 202-403-8520 Convention Location: Fredericton Convention Center URL: www.ota.com Date: September 21-25, 2020 Fredericton, NB Scope: International Location: Victoria Conference Centre Sponsor/Contact: Atlantic Canada Water & Wastewater Contact Information: Integrated Events & Marketing Victoria, BC Association Project Manager - Adrienne Messe, Phone: Sponsor/Contact: Union of British Columbia Municipalities 131 Shrewsbury Rd. 202-403-8634 #60, 10551 Shellbridge Way Dartmouth, NS B2V 2R6 Richmond, BC V6X 2W9 902-434-6002 Fax: 902-435-7796 Plastics Industry Association 2020 Annual Meeting & 604-270-8226 Fax: 604-270-9116 E-mail: [email protected] Fall Conference E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.acwwa.ca Date: September 16-18, 2020 URL: www.ubcm.ca Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Scope: Provincial Purpose: A trade show, plus educational sessions & Association Contact Information: Events and Sponsorship networking opportunities for Atlantic Canada’s water #500, 1425 K St. NW Coordinator: Kelsey Mackay-Smith, Phone: 604-270-8226 professionals Washington, DC 20005 ext. 103, E-mail: [email protected] 202-974-5200 Fax: 202-296-7005 Atlantic Planners Institute Conference 2020 URL: www.plasticsindustry.org Western Canada Water 2020 72nd Annual Conference Date: October 14-16, 2020 Scope: National & Exhibition Location: Charlottetown, PE Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. Date: September 22-25, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Atlantic Planners Institute Location: Regina, SK P.O. Box 63 Power of Water Canada Conference 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Western Canada Water 5707 St. Peters Rd. Date: September 14-16, 2020 P.O. Box 1708 St. Peters, PE C0A 2A0 Location: White Oaks Conference Resort Cochrane, AB T4C 1B6 902-704-2401 Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON 403-709-0064 Fax: 403-709-0068 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Waterpower Association Toll-Free: 877-283-2003 URL: www.atlanticplanners.org #264, 380 Armour Rd. E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Peterborough, ON K9H 7L7 URL: www.wcwwa.ca Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Toll-Free: 866-743-1500 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A technical program, a keynote speaker, & a Canada Logistics Conference 2020 URL: www.owa.ca trade show for delegates from Western Canada Water Date: October 28-30, 2020 Scope: Provincial Anticipated Attendance: 500+ Location: Halifax, NS Purpose: The largest gathering of the hydroelectric sector Contact Information: Western Canada Water, Toll-Free Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Traffic & in Canada; will feature a tradeshow with more than 60 Phone: 1-877-283-2003, Toll-Free Fax: 1-877-283-2007, Transportation exhibitors. E-mail: [email protected] #400, 10 King St. East Anticipated Attendance: 400+ Toronto, ON M5C 1C3 Contact Information: Director, Conference & Events: Western Canada Water 2020 72nd Annual Conference 416-363-5696 Fax: 416-363-5698 Janelle Bates, E-mail: [email protected], Phone: & Exhibition E-mail: [email protected] 1-866-743-1500, ext. 23 Date: September 22-25, 2020 URL: www.citt.ca Location: Regina, SK Purpose: Annual leadership conference for supply chain Public Works Association of BC 2020 Annual Sponsor/Contact: Western Canada Water logistics professionals Conference & Trade Show P.O. Box 1708 Date: September 20-23, 2020 Cochrane, AB T4C 1B6 Canadian Dam Association 2020 Annual Conference Location: Richmond, BC 403-709-0064 Fax: 403-709-0068 Date: October 24-29, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Public Works Association of British Toll-Free: 877-283-2003 Location: Winnipeg, MB Columbia E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Dam Association #102, 211 Columbia St. URL: www.wcwwa.ca P.O. Box 2281 Vancouver, BC V6A 2R5 Scope: Provincial Moose Jaw, SK S6TH 7W6 Purpose: A technical program, a keynote speaker, & a URL: www.cda.ca

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-169 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Scope: National 780-429-6363 Fax: 780-429-4249 #202, 121 Richmond St. West Purpose: Featuring technical paper presentations, Toll-Free: 800-661-9278 Toronto, ON M5H 2K1 workshops, tours, exhibitor presentations, & a social E-mail: [email protected] 416-961-2339 Fax: 416-961-1173 program URL: www.esaa.org E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial URL: www.energyontario.ca Canadian Greenhouse Conference 2020 Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. Scope: Provincial Date: October 7-8, 2020 Purpose: Examples of programming includes panel Location: Scotiabank Convention Centre Federation of Canadian Municipalities 2020 sessions, the presentation of awards, information sharing Niagara Falls, ON Sustainable Communities Conference opportunities, & social events Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Institute of Agrologists Date: October 20-22, 2020 Ontario AgriCentre Sponsor/Contact: Federation of Canadian Municipalities Ontario Professional Planners Institute 2020 #108, 100 Stone Rd. West 24 Clarence St. Conference Guelph, ON N1G 5L3 Ottawa, ON K1N 5P3 Date: October 7-8, 2020 519-826-4226 Fax: 519-826-4228 613-241-5221 Fax: 613-241-7440 Location: London, ON Toll-Free: 866-339-7619 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Professional Planners Institute URL: www.oia.on.ca URL: www.fcm.ca #201, 234 Eglinton Ave. East Scope: National Scope: National Toronto, ON M4P 1K5 Purpose: Held annually since 1979 the CGC is committed Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. 416-483-1873 Fax: 416-483-7830 to providing a high quality conference experience for the Toll-Free: 800-668-1448 extension of information through speakers, workshops, Institute of Industrial & Systems Engineers Annual E-mail: [email protected] demonstration and exhibits. Conference & Expo 2020 URL: www.ontarioplanners.ca Contact Information: URL: Date: October 31 - November 3, 2020 Scope: Provincial www.canadiangreenhouseconference.com Location: New Orleans, LA USA Purpose: Theme: “Finding a Place in Evolving Sponsor/Contact: Institute of Industrial & Systems Communities” Colloque annuel de l’Association du transport urbain Engineers du Québec 2020 #200, 3577 Parkway Lane Recycling Council of Alberta 2020 Waste Reduction Date: October 21-22, 2020 Norcross, GA 30092 Conference Location: Saguenay, QC 770-449-0460 Fax: 770-441-3295 Date: October 13-15, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Association du transport urbain du Toll-Free: 800-494-0460 Location: Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise Québec URL: www.iise.org Lake Louise, AB #8090, 800, rue de la Gauchetière Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: Recycling Council of Alberta Montréal, QC H5A 1J6 P.O. Box 23 514-280-4640 Fax: 514-280-7053 International Sanitary Supply Association (ISSA) Bluffton, AB T0C 0M0 E-mail: [email protected] Show North America 2020 403-843-6563 Fax: 403-843-4156 URL: www.atuq.com Date: October 26-29, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Chicago, IL USA URL: www.recycle.ab.ca Data & Marketing Association “&THEN” Conference Sponsor/Contact: International Sanitary Supply Scope: Provincial 2020 Association, Inc. Purpose: Presentations, exhibits, & networking Date: October 2020 3300 Dundee Rd. opportunities. Sponsor/Contact: Data & Marketing Association Northbrook, IL 60062 Contact Information: [email protected] #301, 1333 Broadway 847-982-0800 Fax: 847-982-1012 New York, NY 10018 Toll-Free: 800-225-4772 Saskatchewan Parks & Recreation Association 2020 212-768-7277 E-mail: [email protected] Conference & AGM E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.issa.com Date: October 21-24, 2020 URL: www.thedma.org Scope: International Location: Estevan, SK Scope: International Purpose: An event for professionals in the cleaning Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Parks & Recreation industry Association Entomological Society of British Columbia Annual Anticipated Attendance: 16,000 #100, 1445 Park St. General Meeting & Symposium 2020 Regina, SK S4N 4C5 Date: October 2020 Mechanical Contractors Association of Canada 79th 306-780-9231 Fax: 306-780-9257 Location: British Columbia Annual National Conference Toll-Free: 800-563-2555 Sponsor/Contact: Entomological Society of British Date: October 21-24, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Columbia Location: Napa, CA USA URL: www.spra.sk.ca c/o Bob Lalonde, UBC Okanagan, Science Bldg. Sponsor/Contact: Mechanical Contractors Association of Scope: Provincial 1177 Research Rd. Canada Kelowna, BC VIV 1V7 #701, 280 Albert St. Titanium USA 2020 URL: entsocbc.ca Ottawa, ON K1P 5G8 Date: October 11-13, 2020 Scope: Provincial 613-232-0492 Fax: 613-235-2793 Location: Chicago, IL USA E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: International Titanium Association Entomological Society of Canada 2020 Annual URL: www.mcac.ca #100, 11674 Huron St. Meeting Scope: National Northglenn, CO 80234 Date: October 18-21, 2020 303-404-2221 Fax: 303-404-9111 Location: Carriage House Inn National Association for Environmental Management E-mail: [email protected] Calgary, AB 2020 EHS & Sustainability Management Forum URL: www.titanium.org Sponsor/Contact: Entomological Society of Canada Date: October 20-23, 2020 Scope: International 393 Winston Ave. Location: Fort Worth, TX USA Ottawa, ON K2A 1Y8 Sponsor/Contact: National Association for Environmental WEFTEC 2020: 93rd Annual Water Environment 613-725-2619 Management Federation Technical Exhibition & Conference E-mail: [email protected] #1002, 1612 K St. NW Date: October 3-7, 2020 URL: www.esc-sec.ca Washington, DC 20006 Location: New Orleans Morial Convention Center Scope: National 202-986-6616 Fax: 202-530-4408 New Orleans, LA USA Purpose: Joint meeting with the Entomological Society of Toll-Free: 800-391-6236 Sponsor/Contact: Water Environment Federation Alberta (ESAB) E-mail: [email protected] 601 Wythe St. Contact Information: URL: jam2020.ualberta.ca URL: www.naem.org Alexandria, VA 22314-1994 Scope: International 703-684-2400 Environmental Services Association of Alberta Anticipated Attendance: 500+ Toll-Free: 800-666-0206 RemTech 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Date: October 14-15, 2020 Ontario Energy Association Energy Conference 2020 URL: www.wef.org Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Services Association of Date: October 5, 2020 Scope: International Alberta Location: Toronto, ON Purpose: An annual educational & networking event #102, 2528 Ellwood Dr. SW Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Energy Association drawing water quality experts from around the world Edmonton, AB T6X 0A9 Anticipated Attendance: 18,000

E-170 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

November 613-695-3040 Fax: 613-736-8939 E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 866-522-6742 4th International Conference of Energy Harvesting, URL: www.international-aset.com E-mail: [email protected] 2020 Up-Date Environmental Storage & Transfer 2020 Scope: International URL: www.cansia.ca Date: November 15-17, 2020 Contact Information: ffhmt.com Scope: National Location: Niagara Falls, ON Purpose: The presentation of timely topics for solar Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, 94th Annual Ontario Trucking Association industry professionals from across Canada Engineering & Technology Convention & Executive Conference 2020 Anticipated Attendance: 2000+ #414, 1376 Bank St. Date: November 11-12, 2020 Contact Information: www.solarcanadaconference.ca Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 Location: Ontario 613-695-3040 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Trucking Association Canadian Urban Transit Association 2020 Annual E-mail: [email protected] 555 Dixon Rd. Conference & Transit Show URL: www.international-aset.com Toronto, ON M9W 1H8 Date: November 15-18, 2020 Scope: International 416-249-7401 Fax: 866-713-4188 Location: Quebec, QC Contact Information: ehstconference.com URL: www.ontruck.org Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Urban Transit Association Scope: Provincial #1401, 55 York St. 4th International Conference of Recent Trends in Toronto, ON M5J 1R7 Environmental Science & Engineering 2020 ATAC 86th Canadian Aviation Conference & 416-365-9800 Fax: 416-365-1295 Date: November 12-14, 2020 Tradeshow URL: cutaactu.ca Location: Niagara Falls, ON Date: November 2020 Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, Sponsor/Contact: Air Transport Association of Canada Purpose: A yearly technical conference, which also Engineering & Technology #1505, 222 Queen St. includes the presentation of Employee Awards based on #414, 1376 Bank St. Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 accomplishments in areas such as attendance, safety, & Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 613-233-7727 Fax: 613-230-8648 acts of heroism 613-695-3040 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.atac.ca Canadian Water & Wastewater Association 2020 URL: www.international-aset.com Scope: National National Conference Scope: International Purpose: National gathering for operators, suppliers to the Date: November 8-11, 2020 Contact Information: www.rtese.com industry & government stakeholders involved in Location: Niagara Falls, ON commerical aviation and flight training in Canada Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Water & Wastewater 4th International Conference of Theoretical & Applied Contact Information: Debbie Simpson; Association Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 2020 [email protected]; 613-233-7727 ext. 312 #11, 1010 Polytek St. Date: November 9-11, 2020 Ottawa, ON K1J 9H9 Location: Niagara Falls, ON ATAC 86th Canadian Aviation Conference & 613-747-0524 Fax: 613-747-0523 Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, Tradeshow E-mail: [email protected] Engineering & Technology Date: November 17-19, 2020 URL: www.cwwa.ca #414, 1376 Bank St. Location: Westin Bayshore Hotel Scope: National Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 Vancouver, BC Purpose: An exchange of news & views from Canadian 613-695-3040 Sponsor/Contact: Air Transport Association of Canada utility conservation specialists E-mail: [email protected] #1505, 222 Queen St. URL: www.international-aset.com Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 Greenbuild International Conference & Expo 2020 Scope: International 613-233-7727 Fax: 613-230-8648 Date: November 10-12, 2020 Contact Information: tannconference.com E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: U.S. Green Building Council URL: www.atac.ca #500, 2101 L Street NW 5th International Conference on Civil, Structural & Scope: National Washington, DC 20037 Transportation Engineering 2020 Purpose: National gathering for operators, suppliers to the 202-742-3792 Date: November 12-14, 2020 industry & government stakeholders involved in Toll-Free: 800-795-1747 Location: Niagara Falls, ON commerical aviation and flight training in Canada E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, Contact Information: Debbie Simpson; URL: new.usgbc.org Engineering & Technology [email protected]; 613-233-7727 ext. 312 Scope: International #414, 1376 Bank St. Purpose: Held virtually in 2020. Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 American Chemistry Council 17th Annual Chairman’s Contact Information: URL: greenbuild.usgbc.org 613-695-3040 Dinner 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Date: November 4-6, 2020 Helicopter Association of Canada 2020 25th Annual URL: www.international-aset.com Location: Sea Island, GA USA Convention & Trade Show Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: American Chemistry Council Date: November 5-7, 2020 Contact Information: iccste.com 700 Second St. NE Location: Vancouver, BC Washington, DC 20002 Sponsor/Contact: Helicopter Association of Canada 7th International Conference of Control, Dynamic 202-249-7000 Fax: 202-249-6100 #500, 130 Albert St. Systems & Robotics 2020 URL: www.americanchemistry.com Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Date: November 9-11, 2020 Scope: International 613-231-1110 Fax: 613-369-5097 Location: Niagara Falls, ON URL: www.h-a-c.ca Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, Association of Manitoba Municipalities 22nd Annual Scope: National Engineering & Technology Convention Purpose: Professional development programs & #414, 1376 Bank St. Date: November 23-25, 2020 information sessions to help Helicopter Association of Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 Location: RBC Convention Centre Winnipeg Canada members achieve in the present economic & 613-695-3040 Winnipeg, MB regulatory climate E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Association of Manitoba Municipalities Anticipated Attendance: 800+ URL: www.international-aset.com 1910 Saskatchewan Ave. West Contact Information: Office Manager & Contact, Member Scope: National Portage la Prairie, MB R1N 0P1 Services: Barb Priestley, Phone: 613-231-1110, ext. 237, Purpose: Annual conference in fields related to traditional 204-857-8666 Fax: 204-856-2370 Fax: 613-369-5097, E-mail: [email protected] & modern control and dynamic systems. E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: www.cdsr.net URL: www.amm.mb.ca International Air Transport Association 76th Annual Anticipated Attendance: 900 General Meeting 7th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat & Date: November 23-24, 2020 Mass Transfer 2020 Canadian Solar Industries Association 2020 Solar Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands Date: November 15-17, 2020 Canada Annual Conference & Exposition Sponsor/Contact: International Air Transport Association Location: Niagara Falls, ON Date: November 9-12, 2020 P.O. Box 113 Sponsor/Contact: International Academy of Science, Location: Toronto, ON 800, Place Victoria Engineering & Technology Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Solar Industries Association Montréal, QC H4Z 1M1 #414, 1376 Bank St. #605, 150 Isabella St. 514-874-0202 Fax: 514-874-9632 Ottawa, ON K1H 7Y3 Ottawa, ON K1S 1V7 URL: www.iata.org

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Purpose: Annual meeting of aviation leaders and media 850-469-1500 Fax: 850-469-9778 Other Conferences in 2020 representatives; Presentations, debates & panel E-mail: [email protected] discussions URL: www.setac.org 100th Annual Canadian Meat Council Conference Scope: International 2020 International Society of Indoor Air Quality & Climate Anticipated Attendance: 2,300 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Meat Council 2020 Conference #930, 220 Laurier Ave. West Sponsor/Contact: International Society of Indoor Air The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair 2020 Ottawa, ON K1P 5Z9 Quality & Climate Date: November 6-15, 2020 613-729-3911 Fax: 613-729-4997 c/o Gina Bendy Location: Exhibition Place E-mail: [email protected] 2548 Empire Grade Toronto, ON URL: www.cmc-cvc.com Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Sponsor/Contact: Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Scope: National 831-426-0148 Fax: 831-426-6522 Association Purpose: A meeting with a technical symposium & E-mail: [email protected] 100 Prince’s Blvd. exhibits, a general session, as well as the announcement URL: www.isiaq.org Toronto, ON M6K 3C3 of scholarship recipients Scope: International 416-263-3400 Purpose: Held virtually in 2020 E-mail: [email protected] 110th BC Fairs Conference Contact Information: indoorair2020.org URL: www.royalfair.org Location: British Columbia Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Association of Marine Renewables Canada 2020 Annual Conference Purpose: The Royal is the largest combined indoor Agricultural Fairs & Exhibitions Date: November 3-5, 2020 agricultural fair and international equestrian competition in #20, 16655 - 64th Ave. Location: Westin Nova Scotian the world. Surrey, BC V3S 3V1 Halifax, NS Contact Information: www.royalfair.org 778-574-4082 Sponsor/Contact: Marine Renewables Canada URL: www.bcfairs.ca P.O. Box 34066 December Scope: Provincial 1690 Hollis St., 10th Fl. Halifax, NS B3J 3S1 Association of Power Producers of Ontario 2020: 12th Annual Quebec Oil and Gas Association URL: www.marinerenewables.ca 32nd Annual Canadian Power Conference & Conference 2020 Scope: National Networking Centre Location: Quebec Purpose: Multiple networking opportunities to meet Date: December 1-2, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Association pétrolière et gazière du leaders and experts from business, government, and Location: Intercontinental Toronto Downtown Québec academia that will help build connections and support Toronto, ON #200, 140, Grande Allée est emerging industry needs. Sponsor/Contact: Association of Power Producers of Québec, QC G1R 5P7 Ontario 418-261-2941 Municipal Engineers Association 2020 Annual #1602, 25 Adelaide St. East E-mail: [email protected] General Meeting Toronto, ON M5C 3A1 URL: www.apgq-qoga.com Location: Toronto, ON 416-322-6549 Fax: 416-481-5785 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Municipal Engineers Association E-mail: [email protected] 13th International Energy Agency Heat Pump #22, 1525 Rd. URL: www.appro.org Oakville, ON L6J 0B2 Conference Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian GeoExchange Coalition 289-291-6472 Fax: 289-291-6477 Anticipated Attendance: 500 URL: www.municipalengineers.on.ca #109, 7240 rue Waverly Scope: Provincial International Cooperative Alliance 2020 World Montréal, QC H2R 2Y8 Cooperative Conference & General Assembly 514-807-7559 Fax: 514-807-8221 Royal Society of Canada Annual General Meeting Date: December 11-17, 2020 E-mail: [email protected] 2020, The Celebration of Excellence & Engagement Location: Seoul, South Korea URL: www.geo-exchange.ca Date: November 26-29, 2020 Sponsor/Contact: International Cooperative Alliance Scope: International Location: Toronto, ON P.O. Box 2100 Purpose: Promotes heat pumping technologies through Sponsor/Contact: The Royal Society of Canada 150, Route de Ferney discussions, networking, and information exchange. Walter House Geneva, 1211 282 Somerset West 2020 Engineers PEI Annual General Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Location: Ottawa, ON K2P 0J6 Prince Edward Island URL: ica.coop Sponsor/Contact: 613-991-6990 Fax: 613-991-6996 Association of Professional Engineers Scope: International of Prince Edward Island URL: www.rsc.ca Contact Information: Events and Office Coordinator: Scope: National 135 Water St. Antonina Guarrella, Phone: +32 (0) 2 743 10 30, E-mail: Charlottetown, PE C1A 1A8 Saskatchewan Water and Wastewater Association [email protected] 902-566-1268 Fax: 902-566-5551 2020 Tradeshow and Conference International Solar Energy Society (ISES) Solar World E-mail: [email protected] Date: November 4-6, 2020 Congress 2020 URL: www.engineerspei.com Location: TCU Place Date: December 2-4, 2020 2020 Fisheries Council of Canada Annual Conference Saskatoon, SK Location: Melbourne, Australia Sponsor/Contact: Fisheries Council of Canada Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Water & Wastewater Sponsor/Contact: International Solar Energy Society #610, 170 Laurier Ave. West Association International Headquarters, Villa Tannheim Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 P.O. Box 7831 Stn. Mn Wiesentalstrasse 50 613-727-7450 Fax: 613-727-7453 Saskatoon, SK S7K 4R5 Freiburg, 79115 E-mail: [email protected] 306-761-1278 E-mail: [email protected] URL: fisheriescouncil.com Toll-Free: 888-668-1278 URL: www.ises.org Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International Purpose: Educational sessions, opportunities to network, URL: www.swwa.ca Purpose: Presentations discussing the past and future of & social programs Scope: National solar power 2020 ICTAC Conference Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Manitoba Conservation Districts Association 45th Location: Krakow, Poland North America 2020 41st Annual Meeting Conference Sponsor/Contact: International Confederation for Thermal Date: November 15-19, 2020 Date: December 2020 Analysis & Calorimetry Location: Fort Worth, TX USA Location: Brandon, MB Institute of Technology Sponsor/Contact: Society of Environmental Toxicology & Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Conservation Districts 2-12-1, S8-29, Ookayama, Meguro-ku Chemistry Association Tokyo, 152-8552 SETAC Asia / Pacific, SETAC Latin America, & SETAC #4, 940 Princess Ave. URL: www.ictac.org North America Brandon, MB R7A 0P6 1010 - 12th Ave. North 204-570-0164 2020 Yukon Geoscience Forum & Trade Show Pensacola, FL 32501-3370 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Yukon Chamber of Mines URL: www.mcda.ca 3151B - 3rd Ave. Scope: Provincial Whitehorse, YT Y1A 1G1

E-172 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

867-667-2090 Fax: 867-668-7127 70 George St., 3rd Fl. 780-429-8805 Fax: 888-459-1664 E-mail: [email protected] Ottawa, ON K1N 5V9 Toll-Free: 800-665-2572

URL: www.yukonminers.ca 613-232-9459 E-mail: [email protected] 2020 Up-Date Environmental Scope: Provincial Toll-Free: 866-851-5689 URL: www.alsa.ab.ca Purpose: A conference for the mining & exploration E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial industry, featuring technical events, short courses, & URL: www.aic.ca exhibits Scope: National Alberta Recreation & Parks Association 2020 Youth Contact Information: URL: yukongeoscience.ca Development Through Recreation Services Agricultural Manufacturers of Canada 2020 50th Symposium 32nd Annual Canadian Bottled Water Association Annual Convention & Trade Show Location: Alberta Convention & Trade Show Sponsor/Contact: Agricultural Manufacturers of Canada Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Recreation & Parks Association Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Bottled Water Association Evraz Place, Stockman’s Arena 11759 Groat Rd. #617, 7357 Woodbine Ave. P.O. Box 636 Stn. Main Edmonton, AB T5M 3K6 Markham, ON L3R 6R3 Regina, SK S4P 3A3 780-415-1745 Fax: 780-451-7915 416-618-1763 Fax: 877-354-2788 306-522-2710 Fax: 306-781-7293 Toll-Free: 877-544-1747 URL: www.cbwa.ca E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.a-m-c.ca URL: arpaonline.ca Scope: National Scope: Provincial 4-H Ontario 2020 Conference & Annual Meeting Contact Information: Coordinator, Administration: Lori Sponsor/Contact: Canadian 4-H Council Airports Canada Conference & Exhibition 2020 Simmonds, E-mail: [email protected], Phone: P.O. Box 212 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Airports Council 780-415-1745 111 Main St. North #600, 116 Lisgar St. Rockwood, ON N0B 2K0 Ottawa, ON K2P 0C2 Alberta Rural Municipal Administrators’ Association 519-856-0992 Fax: 519-856-0515 613-560-9302 Fax: 613-560-6599 2020 Conference Toll-Free: 877-410-6748 URL: www.cacairports.ca Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Rural Municipal Administrators E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A targeted opportunity for key decision-makers Association URL: www.4-hontario.ca to share ideas & gain the latest information on the best P.O. Box 217 Scope: Provincial strategic & operational tools & practices concerning LaGlace, AB T0H 2J0 airports across Canada & internationally 780-831-4195 45th Canadian Cartographic Association Conference URL: www.armaa.ca 2020 Alberta Association of Landscape Architects 2020 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Cartographic Association Annual General Meeting c/o Paul Heersink Location: Alberta Alberta Society of Professional Biologists 2020 39 Wales Ave. Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Association of Landscape Conference Markham, ON L3P 2C4 Architects Location: Alberta Fax: 416-446-1639 #248, 17008 90 Ave. NW Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Society of Professional E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T5T 1L6 Biologists URL: www.cca-acc.org 780-435-9902 Fax: 780-435-9902 #370, 105 - 12 Ave. East Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Calgary, AB T2G 1A1 URL: www.aala.ab.ca 403-264-1273 55e Congrès de l’AQTr Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Association québécoise des transports URL: www.aspb.ab.ca Bureau de Montréal Alberta Development Officers Association 2020 Scope: Provincial #200, 1255, boul Robert-Bourassa Conference Montréal, QC H3B 3B2 Location: Alberta Alberta Speleological Society 2020 Annual General 514-523-6444 Fax: 514-523-2666 Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Development Officers Meeting URL: aqtr.com Association Location: Alberta Scope: National c/o Diane Burtnick Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Speleological Society P.O. Box 164 146 Mt. Robson Close SE 56th ISOCARP Congress Sangudo, AB T0E 2A0 Calgary, AB T2Z 2E3 Sponsor/Contact: International Society of City & Regional 780-913-4214 Fax: 780-963-9762 E-mail: [email protected] Planners E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.caving.ab.ca P.O. Box 983 URL: www.adoa.net Scope: Provincial The Hague, 2501 CZ Scope: Provincial Purpose: A meeting of cavers, featuring the election of E-mail: [email protected] executive members, the presentation of awards URL: www.isocarp.org Alberta Institute of Agrologists 16th Annual Banff Contact Information: [email protected] Scope: International Conference 2020 Location: Alberta Alberta Urban Municipalities Association Convention 77th Truck Loggers Association Convention & Trade Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Institute of Agrologists & AMSC Trade Show 2020 Show #1430, 5555 Calgary Trail NW Location: Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Truck Loggers Association Edmonton, AB T6H 5P9 Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Urban Municipalities #725, 815 Hastings St. West 780-435-0606 Fax: 780-464-2155 Association Vancouver, BC V6C 1B4 Toll-Free: 855-435-0606 #300, 8616 51 Ave. 604-684-4291 Fax: 604-684-7134 URL: www.albertaagrologists.ca Edmonton, AB T6E 6E6 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial 780-433-4431 Fax: 780-433-4454 URL: www.tla.ca Toll-Free: 877-421-6644 Scope: National Alberta Institute of Agrologists Annual General E-mail: [email protected] Meeting 2020 92nd Ontario Federation of Anglers & Hunters AGM URL: www.auma.ca Location: Alberta Scope: Provincial and Fish & Wildlife Conference Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Institute of Agrologists Location: Ontario #1430, 5555 Calgary Trail NW Alberta Water Council 2020 Symposium Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Federation of Anglers & Edmonton, AB T6H 5P9 Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Water Council Hunters 780-435-0606 Fax: 780-464-2155 Petroleum Plaza, South Tower P.O. Box 2800 Toll-Free: 855-435-0606 #1400, 9915 - 108 St. 4601 Guthrie Dr. URL: www.albertaagrologists.ca Edmonton, AB T5K 2G8 Peterborough, ON K9J 8L5 Scope: Provincial 780-644-7380 705-748-6324 Fax: 705-748-9577 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association 2020 Annual URL: www.awchome.ca URL: www.ofah.org General Meeting Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Location: Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association AllerGen 2020 Research Conference Agricultural Institute of Canada 2020 Conference #1000, 10020 - 101A Ave. Sponsor/Contact: AllerGen NCE Inc. Sponsor/Contact: Agri-Food Innovation Council Edmonton, AB T5J 3G2

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-173 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, #1258, 409 Granville St. 604-430-8035 Fax: 604-430-8085 McMaster University Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2 Toll-Free: 888-430-8035 #3120, 1280 Main St. West 604-687-2811 Fax: 604-688-7110 E-mail: [email protected] Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.egbc.ca 905-525-9140 Fax: 905-524-0611 URL: www.acec-bc.ca Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Purpose: A chance to learn & network with colleagues & URL: www.allergen-nce.ca suppliers during business & technical sessions, a trade Scope: National Association of Consulting Engineering Companies exhibition, & social events Leadership Conference 2020 Anticipated Attendance: 750+ ArcticNet Annual Scientific Meeting 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Association of Consulting Engineering Sponsor/Contact: ArcticNet Inc. Companies - Canada Association of School Transportation Services of Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval #420, 130 Albert St. British Columbia 2020 Convention & Trade Show #4081, 1045, av de la Médecine Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Location: British Columbia Québec, QC G1V 0A6 613-236-0569 Fax: 613-236-6193 Sponsor/Contact: The Association of School 418-656-5830 Fax: 418-656-2334 Toll-Free: 800-565-0569 Transportation Services of British Columbia E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 250-804-7892 Fax: 250-832-2584 URL: www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca URL: www.acec.ca E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National Scope: National URL: www.astsbc.org Scope: Provincial Assembly of First Nations 41st Annual General Association of Municipal Administrators of New Assembly Brunswick 2020 Annual Conference Association of the Chemical Profession of Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Assembly of First Nations Sponsor/Contact: Association of Municipal Administrators 2020 Annual General Meeting #1600, 55 Metcalfe St. of New Brunswick Location: Alberta Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 20 Courtney St. Sponsor/Contact: Association of the Chemical Profession 613-241-6789 Fax: 613-241-5808 Douglas, NB E3G 8A1 of Alberta Toll-Free: 866-869-6789 506-453-4229 Fax: 506-444-5452 P.O. Box 21017 URL: www.afn.ca E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T6R 2V4 URL: www.amanb-aamnb.ca 780-413-0004 Fax: 780-413-0076 Association des recycleurs de pièces d’autos et de Scope: Provincial URL: www.pchem.ca camions 2020 Congrès Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Association des recycleurs de pièces Association of New Brunswick Land Surveyors 2020 d’autos et de camions Annual General Meeting Association pour l’avancement des sciences et des #101, 37, rue de la Gare Location: New Brunswick techniques de la documentation (ASTED) Congrès Saint-Jérôme, QC J7Z 2B7 Sponsor/Contact: Association of New Brunswick Land des professionnels de l’information 2020 450-504-8315 Fax: 450-504-8313 Surveyors Location: Quebec Toll-Free: 855-504-8315 #312, 212, Queen St. Sponsor/Contact: Fédération des milieux documentaires E-mail: [email protected] Fredericton, NB E3B 1A8 #387, 2065, rue Parthenais URL: arpac.org 506-458-8266 Fax: 506-458-8267 Montréal, QC H2K 3T1 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] 514-281-5012 Fax: 514-281-8219 URL: www.anbls.nb.ca E-mail: [email protected] Association du camionnage du Québec inc. 69e Scope: Provincial URL: fmdoc.org congrès annuel 2020 Scope: Provincial Location: Quebec Association of Ontario Land Surveyors 2020 Annual Contact Information: Courriel: [email protected]; site Sponsor/Contact: Association du camionnage du Québec General Meeting Internet: congrescpi.com inc. Location: Ontario #200, 6450, rue Notre-Dame ouest Sponsor/Contact: Association of Ontario Land Surveyors Association québécoise de lutte contre la pollution Montréal, QC H4C 1V4 1043 McNicoll Ave. atmosphérique Coquetel bénéfice 2020 514-932-0377 Fax: 514-932-1358 Toronto, ON M1W 3W6 Sponsor/Contact: Association québécoise de lutte contre E-mail: [email protected] 416-491-9020 Fax: 416-491-2576 la pollution atmosphérique URL: www.carrefour-acq.org Toll-Free: 800-268-0718 473, rue Principale Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Saint-Léon-de-Standon, QC G0R 4L0 Contact Information: Coordonnatrice, événements: URL: www.aols.org 418-642-1322 Brigitte Laguë, Courriel: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Toll-Free: 855-702-7572 Contact Information: Lena Kassabian; Email: E-mail: [email protected] Association of British Columbia Land Surveyors 2020 [email protected]; Phone: 416-491-9020 ext. 25 URL: www.aqlpa.com 115th Annual General Meeting Scope: Provincial Location: British Columbia Association of Professional Engineers & Sponsor/Contact: Association of British Columbia Land Geoscientists of Alberta 2020 Annual Conference & Auditing Association of Canada 2020 Annual Surveyors Annual General Meeting Conference #301, 2400 Bevan Ave. Location: Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Auditing Association of Canada Sidney, BC V8L 1W1 Sponsor/Contact: Association of Professional Engineers 9 Forest Rd. 250-655-7222 Fax: 250-655-7223 & Geoscientists of Alberta Whitby, ON L1N 3N7 E-mail: [email protected] Scotia One Toll-Free: 866-582-9595 URL: www.abcls.ca #1500, 10060 Jasper Ave. NW E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Edmonton, AB T5J 4A2 URL: www.auditingcanada.com 780-426-3990 Fax: 780-426-1877 Scope: National Association of Consulting Engineering Companies Toll-Free: 800-661-7020 British Columbia 2020 AGM E-mail: [email protected] Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Association 24th Location: British Columbia URL: www.apega.ca Annual Automotive Outlook Conference 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Association of Consulting Engineering Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Automotive Parts Manufacturers’ Companies - British Columbia Purpose: An annual gathering in Calgary or Edmonton, Association #1258, 409 Granville St. featuring professional development activities & other #801, 10 Four Seasons Pl. Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2 conference events Toronto, ON M9B 6H7 604-687-2811 Fax: 604-688-7110 416-620-4220 Fax: 416-620-9730 E-mail: [email protected] Association of Professional Engineers & E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.acec-bc.ca Geoscientists of British Columbia 2020 Conference & URL: www.apma.ca Scope: Provincial 101st Annual General Meeting Scope: National Location: British Columbia Association of Consulting Engineering Companies Sponsor/Contact: Association of Professional Engineers Avicultural Advancement Council of Canada 82nd British Columbia 2020 Annual Transportation & Geoscientists of British Columbia Canadian National Cage Bird Show & Expo Conference #200, 4010 Regent St. Sponsor/Contact: Avicultural Advancement Council of Sponsor/Contact: Association of Consulting Engineering Burnaby, BC V5C 6N2 Canada Companies - British Columbia

E-174 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

77 Long Island Cres. E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation Unionville, ON L3P 7M1 URL: www.bcsalmonfarmers.ca 2020 Annual General Meeting

URL: www.aacc.ca Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association for Laboratory 2020 Up-Date Environmental Scope: National Accreditation Inc. Contact Information: URL: www.national-birdshow.com British Columbia Trucking Association 2020 107th #102, 2934 Baseline Rd. Annual General Meeting & Management Conference Ottawa, ON K2H 1B2 BC Fruit Growers’ Association 131st Annual General Location: British Columbia 613-233-5300 Fax: 613-233-5501 Meeting 2020 Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Trucking Association E-mail: [email protected] Location: British Columbia #100, 20111 - 93A Ave. URL: www.cala.ca Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Langley, BC V1M 4A9 Scope: National Association 604-888-5319 Fax: 604-888-2941 880 Vaughan Ave. E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Association of Chemical Distributors 34th Kelowna, BC V1Y 7E4 URL: www.bctrucking.com Annual General Meeting 250-762-5226 Fax: 250-861-9089 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Chemical Toll-Free: 800-619-9022 Purpose: A meeting of members of the British Columbia Distributors E-mail: [email protected] motor carrier association #1, 1160 Blair Rd. URL: www.bcfga.com Burlington, ON L7M 1K9 Scope: Provincial Building Energy Management Manitoba 2020 Better 905-332-8777 Fax: 905-332-0777 Buildings Conference URL: www.cacd.ca BC Nature 2020 Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Building Energy Management Manitoba Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Nature (Federation of #309, 23 - 845 Dakota St. Purpose: An event featuring keynote speakers British Columbia Naturalists) Winnipeg, MB R2M 5M3 c/o Parks Heritage Centre 204-452-2098 Canadian Association of Petroleum Landmen 2020 1620 Mount Seymour Rd. E-mail: [email protected] 41th Annual Conference North Vancouver, BC V7G 2R9 URL: www.bemm.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Petroleum URL: www.bcnature.ca Scope: Provincial Landmen Scope: Provincial #1600, 520 - 5th Ave. SW Purpose: An annual meeting of naturalists, Calgary Zoological Society 2020 AGM Calgary, AB T2P 3R7 environmentalists, biologists, & academics who are Location: Calgary, AB 403-237-6635 Fax: 403-263-1620 members of British Columbia Nature Sponsor/Contact: Calgary Zoological Society E-mail: [email protected] 1300 Zoo Rd. NE URL: www.landman.ca BC Saw Filers Association 2020 Annual General Calgary, AB T2E 7V6 Scope: National Meeting & Trade Show 403-232-9300 Fax: 403-237-7582 Location: British Columbia Toll-Free: 800-588-9993 Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Saw Filers Association URL: www.calgaryzoo.org (CAPP) Scotiabank Energy Symposium 2020 6521 Orchard Hill Rd. Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Petroleum Vernon, BC V1H 1B6 Purpose: Members of the society receive voting rights at Producers 250-546-2234 Fax: 604-585-4014 the annual meeting #2100, 350 - 7th Ave. SW E-mail: [email protected] Calgary, AB T2P 3N9 URL: www.bcsawfilers.com Canada East Equipment Dealers’ Association 2020 403-267-1100 Fax: 403-261-4622 Scope: Provincial Annual Meeting & Convention E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canada East Equipment Dealers’ URL: www.capp.ca British Columbia Assembly of First Nations 17th Association Scope: National Annual General Meeting #623, 92 Caplan Ave. Purpose: High-profile speakers on energy and industry Location: British Columbia Barrie, ON L4N 9J2 discussion panels. Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Assembly of First 705-726-2100 Fax: 705-719-7055 Contact Information: Email: [email protected], Nations E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 403-267-1100 1004 Landooz Rd. URL: www.ceeda.ca Prince George, BC V2K 5S3 Scope: Provincial Canadian Bar Association Annual General Meeting URL: bcafn.ca 2020 Canada Hydropower Forum 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Bar Association British Columbia Institute of Agrologists 73rd Annual Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Hydropower Association #1200, 66 Slater St. General Meeting & Conference 2020 #1402 - 150 Metcalfe St. Ottawa, ON K1P 5H1 Location: British Columbia Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 613-237-2925 Fax: 613-237-0185 Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Institute of Agrologists 613-751-6655 Fax: 613-751-4465 Toll-Free: 800-267-8860 2777 Claude Rd. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Victoria, BC V9B 3T7 URL: canadahydro.ca URL: www.cba.org 250-380-9292 Fax: 250-380-9233 Scope: National Scope: National Toll-Free: 877-855-9291 E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Agricultural Safety Association Conference Canadian Cattlemen’s Association 2020 Annual URL: www.bcia.com 2020 General Meeting Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Agricultural Safety Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Cattlemen’s Association Association #180, 6815 - 8 St. NE British Columbia Lung Association 17th Annual Air 3325-C Pembina Hwy. Calgary, AB T2E 7H7 Quality & Health Workshop 2020 Winnipeg, MB R3V 0A2 403-275-8558 Fax: 403-274-5686 Location: British Columbia 204-452-2272 Fax: 204-261-5004 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Lung Association Toll-Free: 877-452-2272 URL: www.cattle.ca 2675 Oak St. E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National Vancouver, BC V6H 2K2 URL: www.casa-acsa.ca Purpose: An opportunity for members to address industry 604-731-5864 Fax: 604-731-5810 Scope: National issues & to elect officers Toll-Free: 800-665-5864 Purpose: A forum for members, supporters, researchers E-mail: [email protected] and innovators to network, share, and learn about Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety URL: www.bc.lung.ca important trends and developments in agricultural safety. Forum Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Centre for Occupational Canadian Animal Health Institute Annual Meeting Health & Safety British Columbia Salmon Farmers Association 2020 135 Hunter St. East Annual General Meeting 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Animal Health Institute Hamilton, ON L8N 1M5 Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Salmon Farmers #102, 160 Research Lane 905-572-2981 Fax: 905-572-2206 Association Guelph, ON N1G 5B2 Toll-Free: 800-668-4284 #201, 911 Island Hwy. 519-763-7777 Fax: 519-763-7407 E-mail: [email protected] Campbell River, BC V9W 2C2 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.ccohs.ca 250-286-1636 Fax: 800-849-9430 URL: www.cahi-icsa.ca Scope: National Toll-Free: 800-661-7256 Scope: National

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-175 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Canadian Consumer Specialty Products Association #401, 105 Gordon Baker Rd. c/o ManageWise, Inc. 2020 Annual Conference Toronto, ON M2H 3P8 P.O. Box 21085 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Consumer Specialty 416-492-2311 Fax: 416-492-2347 Edmonton, AB T6R 2V4 Products Association Toll-Free: 800-661-2344 780-437-0044 #800, 130 Albert St. E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.clra.ca Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 URL: www.cfig.ca Scope: National 613-232-6616 Fax: 613-233-6350 Scope: National Purpose: Business affairs of the association E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: An annual two day event for grocery industry URL: www.ccspa.org professionals & over 350 exhibitors, featuring innovative Canadian Law & Society Association Annual Meeting Scope: National products & ideas 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Law & Society Association Canadian Council of Technicians & Technologists Canadian Heavy Oil Association 2020 Slugging it Out E-mail: [email protected] (CTTT) 2020 National Technology Conference Conference URL: www.acds-clsa.org Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Council of Technicians & Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Heavy Oil Association Scope: National Technologists #2310, 144 - 4th Ave. SW #405, 2197 Riverside Dr. Calgary, AB T2P 3N4 Canadian Medical & Biological Engineering Society Ottawa, ON K1H 7X3 403-269-1755 Fax: 403-453-0179 2020 43rd Annual National Conference 613-238-8123 Fax: 613-238-8822 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Medical & Biological E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.choa.ab.ca Engineering Society URL: www.cctt.ca Scope: National 1485 Laperriere Ave. Scope: National Ottawa, ON K1Z 7S8 Canadian Home Builders’ Association 2020 77th 613-728-1759 Fax: 613-729-6206 Canadian Council on International Law 50th Annual National Conference E-mail: [email protected] Conference Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Home Builders’ Association URL: www.cmbes.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Council on International Law #500, 150 Laurier Ave. West Scope: National 275 Bay St. Ottawa, ON K1P 5J4 Ottawa, ON K1R 5Z5 613-230-3060 Fax: 613-232-8214 Canadian Mineral Analysts Annual Conference & 613-235-0442 Fax: 613-232-8228 E-mail: [email protected] Exhibition 2020 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.chba.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Mineral Analysts URL: www.ccil-ccdi.ca Scope: National c/o John Gregorchuk Scope: International Purpose: Featuring the Canadian Home Builders’ 444 Harold Ave. West Association Annual Meeting of Members, provincial Winnipeg, MB R2C 2E2 Canadian Environmental Grantmakers’ Network 2020 caucus meetings, guest speakers, the association’s 204-224-1443 Conference annual economic session, presentation of the National URL: www.canadianmineralanalysts.com Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Environmental Grantmakers’ SAM Awards, social events, & networking opportunities Scope: National Network Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] c/o Foundation House Canadian Nuclear Association Conference & Trade 2 St. Clair Ave. East Canadian Home Builders’ Association of British Show 2020 Toronto, ON M4T 2T5 Columbia Annual General Meeting 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Nuclear Association 647-288-8891 Location: British Columbia #1610, 130 Albert St. E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Home Builders’ Association - Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 URL: www.cegn.org British Columbia 613-237-4262 Fax: 613-237-0989 Scope: National c/o Bldg. NW5, British Columbia Institute of Technology E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: Executive Director: Pegi Dover; Campus URL: www.cna.ca Email: [email protected]; Phone: 647-288-8891 3700 Willingdon Ave. Scope: National Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2 Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Canadian Farm Writers Federation 2020 Conference 604-432-7112 Fax: 604-432-9038 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Farm Writers’ Federation Canadian Paint and Coatings Association 2020 Toll-Free: 800-933-6777 Annual Conference & AGM P.O. Box 250 E-mail: [email protected] Ormstown, QC J0S 1K0 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Paint & Coatings Association URL: www.chbabc.org #900, 170 Laurier Ave. West Fax: 450-829-2226 Scope: Provincial Toll-Free: 877-782-6456 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Institute of Food Science & Technology, 613-231-3604 Fax: 613-231-4908 URL: www.cfwf.ca Manitoba Section Annual General Meeting 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National Location: Manitoba URL: www.canpaint.com Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Food Science & Scope: National Canadian Federation of Agriculture 2020 Annual Technology Purpose: Paint & coatings professionals gather to discuss Meeting c/o M. Samelo, Manitoba Harvest Hemp Foods the state of the Canadian paint & coatings industries. Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Federation of Agriculture #1108, 40 Dalhousie Dr. 21 St. Canadian Parks & Wilderness Society Calgary - Winnipeg, MB R3T 2Y7 Southern Alberta Chapter Annual General Meeting Ottawa, ON K2P 0W6 E-mail: [email protected] 613-236-3633 Fax: 613-236-5749 2020 URL: www.cifst.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Parks & Wilderness Society E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial URL: www.cfa-fca.ca c/o Bob Niven Training Centre, Canada Olympic Park Scope: National Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors 86th 88 Canada Olympic Rd. SW National Educational Conference 2020 Calgary, AB T3B 5R5 Canadian Federation of Humane Societies 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Public Health 403-232-6686 Fax: 403-232-6988 National Animal Welfare Conference Inspectors E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Federation of Humane #720, 999 West Broadway Ave. URL: www.cpaws-southernalberta.org Societies Vancouver, BC V5Z 1K5 Scope: Provincial #102, 30 Concourse Gate 604-739-8180 Fax: 604-738-4080 Canadian Process Control Association 2020 Annual Ottawa, ON K2E 7V7 Toll-Free: 888-245-8180 613-224-8072 Fax: 613-723-0252 General Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Process Control Association Toll-Free: 888-678-2347 URL: www.ciphi.ca E-mail: [email protected] 146 Delarmbro Dr Scope: National Erin, ON N0B 1T0 URL: www.cfhs.ca Purpose: Featuring the presentation of Institute awards Scope: National 519-833-7414 Canadian Land Reclamation Association / E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Federation of Independent Grocers 2020 Association canadienne de réhabilitation des sites URL: www.cpca-assoc.com Grocery & Specialty Food West dégradés 2020 45th Annual General Meeting Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Federation of Independent Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Land Reclamation Grocers Canadian Public Health Association 2020 Conference Association Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Public Health Association

E-176 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

#404, 1525 Carling Ave. Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) 36th Sponsor/Contact: Consulting Engineers of Ontario Ottawa, ON K1Z 8R9 Annual Conference and Exhibition #405, 10 Four Seasons Pl.

613-725-3769 Fax: 613-725-9826 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Wind Energy Association Toronto, ON M9B 6H7 2020 Up-Date Environmental E-mail: [email protected] #400, 240 Bank St. 416-620-1400 Fax: 416-620-5803 URL: www.cpha.ca Ottawa, ON K2P 1X4 URL: www.ceo.on.ca Scope: National 613-234-8716 Fax: 613-234-5642 Scope: Provincial Purpose: A conference for policy-makers, researchers, Toll-Free: 800-922-6932 environmental health professionals, academics, & E-mail: [email protected] Council of Ontario Construction Associations Annual students from across Canada URL: www.canwea.ca General Meeting 2020 Contact Information: Conference Manager: Sarah Scope: National Location: Ontario Pettenuzzo, Phone: 613-725-3769, ext. 153 Purpose: To discuss the opportunities and latest Sponsor/Contact: Council of Ontario Construction developments in the wind energy industry. Associations Canadian Society for International Health 26th Contact Information: www.windenergyevent.ca #2001, 180 Dundas St. West Canadian Conference on Global Health 2020 Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for International Clean Energy BC 2020 Spring Conference & AGM 416-968-7200 Fax: 416-968-0362 Health Location: British Columbia E-mail: [email protected] #1003, 75 Albert St. Sponsor/Contact: Clean Energy British Columbia URL: www.coca.on.ca Ottawa, ON K1P 1E3 #354, 409 Granville St. Scope: Provincial 613-241-5785 Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2 E-mail: [email protected] 604-568-4778 Fax: 604-568-4724 Electrical Contractors Association of Ontario Annual URL: www.csih.org Toll-Free: 855-568-4778 Industry Conference 2020 Scope: National URL: www.cleanenergybc.org Location: Ontario Purpose: The conference is the largest meeting of Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Electrical Contractors Association of researchers, academics, decision makers, NGOs, policy Ontario makers, students & health care providers involved with Club des ornithologues de Québec 2020 Assemblée #702, 10 Carlson Court global health in Canada. générale annuelle Toronto, ON M9W 6L2 Sponsor/Contact: Club des ornithologues de Québec inc. 416-675-3226 Fax: 416-675-7736 Canadian Society of Zoologists 2020 59th Annual DomainedeMaizerets Toll-Free: 800-387-3226 Meeting 2000, boul Montmorency E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Zoologists Québec, QC G1J 5E7 URL: www.ecao.org c/o Département de biologie, Université Laval 418-661-3544 Scope: Provincial Québec, QC G1V 0A6 E-mail: [email protected] 902-820-2979 URL: www.coq.qc.ca Energy Council of Canada 2020 Canadian Energy URL: www.csz-scz.ca Scope: Provincial Industry: Updates & Insights Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Energy Council of Canada Compost Council of Canada 2020 30th Annual #805B, 350 Sparks St. Canadian Standards Association 2020 Annual National Compost Conference Ottawa, ON K1R 7S8 Conference & Committee Week Sponsor/Contact: Compost Council of Canada 613-232-8239 Fax: 613-232-1079 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Standards Association 16 Northumberland St. E-mail: [email protected] 178 Rexdale Blvd. Toronto, ON M6H 1P7 URL: www.energy.ca Toronto, ON M9W 1R3 416-535-0240 Fax: 416-536-9892 Scope: National 416-747-4000 Fax: 416-747-2473 Toll-Free: 877-571-4769 Toll-Free: 800-463-6727 E-mail: [email protected] Engineers Nova Scotia Conference & AGM 2020 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.compost.org Location: Nova Scotia URL: www.csagroup.org Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Engineers Nova Scotia Scope: National Purpose: Current developments in the composting 1355 Barrington St. Purpose: Educational presentations & committee industry, such as research, processing improvements, & Halifax, NS B3J 1Y9 meetings community developments 902-429-2250 Fax: 902-423-9769 Toll-Free: 888-802-7367 Canadian Transportation Research Forum 55th Compressed Gas Association Canada Annual E-mail: [email protected] Annual Conference Meeting 2020 URL: www.engineersnovascotia.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Transportation Research Sponsor/Contact: Compressed Gas Association, Inc. Scope: Provincial Forum #103, 14501 George Carter Way Purpose: A business meeting with guest speakers for P.O. Box 23033 Chantilly, VA 20151 professional engineers & engineers-in-training in Nova Woodstock, ON N4T 1R9 703-788-2700 Fax: 703-961-1831 Scotia 519-421-9701 Fax: 519-421-9319 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.ctrf.ca URL: www.cganet.com Engineers Yukon 2020 Annual General Meeting Scope: National Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Association of Professional Engineers of Yukon Canadian Veterinary Medical Association 2020 Congrès OUQ 2020 312B Hanson St. Annual Convention Location: Quebec Whitehorse, YT Y1A 1Y6 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Veterinary Medical Sponsor/Contact: Ordre des urbanistes du Québec 867-667-6727 Fax: 867-668-2142 Association #410, 85, rue St-Paul ouest E-mail: [email protected] 339 Booth St. Montréal, QC H2Y 3V4 URL: www.apey.yk.ca Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1 514-849-1177 Fax: 514-849-7176 613-236-1162 Fax: 613-236-9681 E-mail: [email protected] Entomological Society of Ontario 157th Annual Toll-Free: 800-567-2862 URL: www.ouq.qc.ca General Meeting 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Entomological Society of Ontario URL: www.canadianveterinarians.net c/o Vista Centre Scope: National Consulting Engineers of Nova Scotia 2020 Annual P.O. Box 83025 Purpose: Held jointly with the World Small Animal General Meeting 1830 Bank St. Veterinary Association Congress Location: Nova Scotia Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3 Sponsor/Contact: Consulting Engineers of Nova Scotia 603-736-3393 Canadian Water Quality Association 2020 Annual P.O. Box 613 Stn. M URL: www.entsocont.ca General Meeting Halifax, NS B3J 2R7 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Water Quality Association 902-461-1325 Fax: 902-461-1321 Purpose: A gathering of entomologists of all disciplines #4, 180 Northfield Dr. West E-mail: [email protected] Waterloo, ON N2L 0C7 URL: www.cens.org Environmental Education Ontario AGM 2020 416-695-3068 Scope: Provincial Location: Ontario Toll-Free: 866-383-7617 Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Education Ontario E-mail: [email protected] Consulting Engineers of Ontario 2020 Annual General 32 Springdale Dr. URL: www.cwqa.com Meeting Kitchener, ON N2K 1P9 Scope: National Location: Ontario

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-177 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

519-579-3097 Geological Association of Canada - Newfoundland & #460, 1750 K St. NW E-mail: [email protected] Labrador Section 2020 Spring Technical Meeting Washington, DC 20006 URL: www.eeon.org Sponsor/Contact: Geological Association of Canada 202-296-9880 Fax: 202-296-9884 Scope: Provincial c/o Heather Rafuse, Department of Natural Resources, URL: www.indtrk.org Geological Survey Federation of Northern Ontario Municipalities 2020 P.O. Box 8700 Infrastructure Health & Safety Association 2020 60th Annual Conference St. John’s, NL A1B 4J6 Annual General Meeting Location: Ontario URL: gac-nl.ca Sponsor/Contact: Infrastructure Health & Safety Sponsor/Contact: Federation of Northern Ontario Scope: Provincial Association Municipalities Centre for Health & Safety Innovation 615 Hardy St. Global Environmental & Outdoor Education Council #400, 5110 Creekbank Rd. North Bay, ON P1B 8S2 2020 Annual Conference Mississauga, ON L4W 0A1 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Global, Environmental & Outdoor 905-625-0100 Fax: 905-625-8998 URL: www.fonom.org Education Council Toll-Free: 800-263-5024 Scope: Local c/o Barnett House, Alberta Teachers’ Association E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A meeting for northern Ontario’s municipal 11010 - 142 St. NW URL: www.ihsa.ca decision makers, featuring exhibits by suppliers, vendors, Edmonton, AB T5N 2R1 Scope: Provincial & professionals who provide services to municipalities 780-987-7315 Fax: 780-455-6481 Purpose: A business meeting featuring a guest speaker & Toll-Free: 800-232-7208 the presentation of awards Federation of Prince Edward Island Municipalities Inc. E-mail: [email protected] Annual General Meeting 2020 URL: www.geoec.org International Commission on Radiological Protection Sponsor/Contact: Federation of Prince Edward Island Scope: Provincial 6th International Symposium Municipalities Inc. Purpose: Features information sessions, resources, & a Sponsor/Contact: International Commission on 1 Kirkdale Rd. keynote speaker Radiological Protection Charlottetown, PE C1E 1R3 P.O. Box 1046 Stn. B 902-566-1493 Fax: 902-566-2880 Green Industry Show & Conference 2020 280 Slater St. E-mail: [email protected] Location: Alberta Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9 URL: www.fpeim.ca Sponsor/Contact: Landscape Alberta Nursery Trades 613-947-9750 Fax: 613-944-1920 Scope: Provincial Association URL: www.icrp.org Contact Information: Assistant, Administrative: Julie #200, 10331 - 178 St. NW Scope: International McMurrer, E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T5S 1R5 780-489-1991 Fax: 780-444-2152 International Conference on Ocean Energy 2020 Fertilizer Canada 2020 Annual Conference Toll-Free: 800-378-3198 Location: Washington, DC USA Sponsor/Contact: Fertilizer Canada E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Marine Renewables Canada #907, 350 Sparks St. URL: www.landscape-alberta.com P.O. Box 34066 Ottawa, ON K1R 7S8 Scope: National 1690 Hollis St., 10th Fl. 613-230-2600 Fax: 613-230-5142 Purpose: An opportunity for members of the landscape, Halifax, NS B3J 3S1 E-mail: [email protected] greenhouse, nursery, garden centre, tree care, & turf URL: www.marinerenewables.ca URL: www.fertilizercanada.ca industries to network Scope: International Scope: National Purpose: Global marine renewable energy event focused GrowCanada 2020 on the industrial development of marine renewable Field Botanists of Ontario Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: CropLife Canada energy. Location: Ontario #1201, 350 Sparks St. Contact Information: www.icoe-conference.com Sponsor/Contact: Field Botanists of Ontario Ottawa, ON K1R 7S8 c/o Mary Anne Young, Dougan & Associates 613-230-9881 International Council for Laboratory Animal Science 77 Wyndham St. South URL: www.croplife.ca General Assembly & Annual Symposium Guelph, ON N1E 5R3 Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: International Council for Laboratory URL: www.fieldbotanistsofontario.com Animal Science Scope: Provincial ICOMOS Canada 2020 Annual Meeting 40 Washington St. Sponsor/Contact: ICOMOS Canada , 1050 Food & Consumer Products of Canada Annual P.O. Box 737 Stn. B E-mail: [email protected] Supply Chain Symposium 2020 Ottawa, ON K1P 5P8 URL: www.iclas.org Sponsor/Contact: Food & Consumer Products of Canada 613-749-0971 Fax: 613-749-0971 Scope: International #602E, 2700 Matheson Blvd. East E-mail: [email protected] Mississauga, ON L4W 4V9 URL: canada.icomos.org International Council on Monuments & Sites General 416-510-8024 Fax: 416-510-8043 Scope: National Assembly 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: International Council on Monuments & URL: www.fcpc.ca IWA-ASPIRE Conference & Exhibition 2020 Sites Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: International Water Association 11, rue du Séminaire de Conflans Alliance House Charenton-le-Pont, 94220 Food & Consumer Products of Canada National Sales 12 Caxton St. E-mail: [email protected] & Marketing Symposium 2020 London, SW1H 0QS URL: www.icomos.org Sponsor/Contact: Food & Consumer Products of Canada E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International #602E, 2700 Matheson Blvd. East URL: www.iwa-network.org Mississauga, ON L4W 4V9 Scope: International International Peatland Society Annual Convention 416-510-8024 Fax: 416-510-8043 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Independent Telecommunications Providers Sponsor/Contact: International Peat Society URL: www.fcpc.ca Association 55th Annual Convention 2020 Kauppakatu 19 D 31 Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Independent Telecommunications Jyväskylä, FIN-40100 Providers Association E-mail: [email protected] Fraser Valley Labour Council 2020 Annual General 29 Peevers Cres. URL: www.peatsociety.org Meeting Newmarket, ON L3Y 7T5 Scope: International Location: British Columbia 519-595-3975 Fax: 519-595-3976 Sponsor/Contact: Fraser Valley Labour Council URL: www.ota.on.ca International Permafrost Association 12th #202, 9292 - 200th St. Scope: Provincial International Conference on Permafrost 2020 Langley, BC V1M 3A6 Purpose: An event featuring guest speakers, informative Sponsor/Contact: International Permafrost Association 604-314-9867 Fax: 604-430-6762 seminars, the annual general meeting, social events, & c/o Sarah Strand, The University Centre in Svalbard E-mail: [email protected] opportunities to meet with telecommunications industry P.O. Box 156 URL: www.fvlc.ca representatives Longyearbyen, 9171 Scope: Local E-mail: [email protected] Industrial Truck Association 2020 Spring Meeting URL: ipa.arcticportal.org Sponsor/Contact: Industrial Truck Association Scope: International

E-178 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

International Union of Microbiological Societies 16th 204-632-6600 Fax: 204-694-7134 Municipalities Newfoundland & Labrador Municipal Congress E-mail: [email protected] Symposium

Location: Daejon, South Korea URL: www.trucking.mb.ca Location: Gander, NL 2020 Up-Date Environmental Sponsor/Contact: International Union of Microbiological Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Municipalities Newfoundland & Societies Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] Labrador CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre 460 Torbay Rd. P.O. Box 85167 Manitoba Water & Wastewater Association Annual St. John’s, NL A1A 5J3 Utrecht, 3508AD Conference & Trade Show 2020 709-753-6820 Fax: 709-738-0071 URL: www.iums.org Location: Canad Inns Destination Centre Toll-Free: 800-440-6536 Scope: International Brandon, MB E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: Meetings of the three divisions of the Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Water & Wastewater URL: www.municipalitiesnl.com International Union of Microbiological Societies Association Scope: Provincial P.O. Box 1600 Purpose: Held each spring in Gander, NL. Keystone Agricultural Producers 2020 Annual #215, 9 Saskatchewan Ave. West Meeting Portage la Prairie, MB R1N 3P1 National Trust for Canada National Heritage Location: Manitoba 204-239-6868 Fax: 204-239-6872 Conference 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Keystone Agricultural Producers Toll-Free: 866-396-2549 Sponsor/Contact: National Trust for Canada #601, 386 Broadway Ave. E-mail: [email protected] 190 Bronson Ave. Winnipeg, MB R3C 3R6 URL: www.mwwa.net Ottawa, ON K1R 6H4 204-697-1140 Fax: 204-697-1109 Scope: Provincial 613-237-1066 Fax: 613-237-5987 E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: The presentation of technical papers plus the Toll-Free: 866-964-1066 URL: www.kap.ca opportunity to view industry products & services E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National Contact Information: Executive Director: Iva Last, Phone: URL: www.nationaltrustcanada.ca 204-239-6868, Toll-Free Phone: 1-866-396-2549, Fax: Scope: National Landscape NL Annual General Meeting 2020 204-239-6872, E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Landscape Newfoundland & Labrador National Wildlife Federation 84th Annual Meeting P.O. Box 8062 Municipal Equipment & Operations Association 2020 St. John’s, NL A1B 3M9 (Ontario) 2020 Annual Municipal & Contractor Fall Sponsor/Contact: National Wildlife Federation Fax: 866-833-8603 Equipment Show 11100 Wildlife Center Dr. Toll-Free: 855-872-8722 Sponsor/Contact: Municipal Equipment & Operations Reston, VA 20190 E-mail: [email protected] Association (Ontario) Inc. Toll-Free: 800-822-9919 URL: members.landscapenl.com 38 Summit Ave. URL: www.nwf.org Scope: Provincial Kitchener, ON N2M 4W2 Scope: International 519-741-2600 Fax: 519-741-2750 Manitoba Environmental Industries Association 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Nature Canada 2020 Annual General Meeting Annual General Meeting URL: www.meoa.org Sponsor/Contact: Nature Canada Location: Manitoba Scope: Provincial #300, 75 Albert St. Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Environmental Industries Purpose: An opportunity for suppliers to promote & Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 Association Inc. demonstrate their products & services 613-562-3447 #100, 62 Albert St. Toll-Free: 800-267-4088 Winnipeg, MB R3B 1E9 Municipal Equipment & Operations Association E-mail: [email protected] 204-783-7090 Fax: 204-783-6501 (Ontario) Inc. 2020 Annual Professional Development URL: www.naturecanada.ca E-mail: [email protected] Day Scope: National URL: www.meia.mb.ca Sponsor/Contact: Municipal Equipment & Operations Purpose: The annual meeting usually features the Scope: Provincial Association (Ontario) Inc. election of the Board of Directors, the presentation of Purpose: A gathering of members to address the 38 Summit Ave. Nature Canada awards, & the adoption of resolutions business of the association & to provide networking Kitchener, ON N2M 4W2 opportunities 519-741-2600 Fax: 519-741-2750 Nature Manitoba 2020 Annual General Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Nature Manitoba Manitoba Heavy Construction Association 2020 Expo URL: www.meoa.org #401, 63 Albert St. Location: Manitoba Scope: Provincial Winnipeg, MB R3B 1G4 Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Heavy Construction Purpose: A learning opportunity for members of the 204-943-9029 Fax: 204-943-9029 Association association E-mail: [email protected] #3, 1680 Ellice Ave. URL: www.naturemanitoba.ca Winnipeg, MB R3G 0Z2 Municipal Equipment & Operations Association Scope: Provincial 204-947-1379 Fax: 204-943-2279 (Ontario) Inc. 2020 Annual Spring Meeting Purpose: An opportunity for Nature Manitoba members to E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Municipal Equipment & Operations discuss & advance policy positions about nature in URL: www.mhca.mb.ca Association (Ontario) Inc. Manitoba Scope: Provincial 38 Summit Ave. Purpose: An educational event to help train & educate Kitchener, ON N2M 4W2 New Brunswick Environmental Network 2020 Annual workers in the heavy construction industry 519-741-2600 Fax: 519-741-2750 General Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Location: New Brunswick Manitoba Institute of Agrologists 2020 70th Annual URL: www.meoa.org Sponsor/Contact: New Brunswick Environmental Network General Meeting Scope: Provincial #103, 30 Gordon St. Location: Manitoba Purpose: An event to elect the new executive, to address Moncton, NB E1C 1L8 Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Institute of Agrologists the business of the association, to participate in a plant 506-855-4144 #201, 38 Dafoe Ave. tour, to hear guest speakers, & to attend educational E-mail: [email protected] Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 presentations URL: www.nben.ca 204-275-3721 Fax: 888-315-6661 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Municipal Waste Association 2020 Annual General Purpose: Featuring the election of a Steering Committee URL: www.mia.mb.ca Meeting by member groups Scope: Provincial Location: Ontario Purpose: The business meeting of the institute, plus Sponsor/Contact: Municipal Waste Association New Brunswick Institute of Agrologists 2020 Annual presentations & networking opportunities P.O. Box 1894 Meeting Guelph, ON N1H 7A1 Location: New Brunswick Manitoba Trucking Association Annual General 519-823-1990 Fax: 519-823-0084 Sponsor/Contact: New Brunswick Institute of Agrologists Meeting 2020 URL: www.municipalwaste.ca P.O. Box 3479 Stn. B Location: Manitoba Scope: Provincial Fredericton, NB E3B 5H2 Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Trucking Association Purpose: A yearly event featuring a business meeting, 506-459-5536 Fax: 506-454-7837 25 Bunting St. trade show, & networking opportunities URL: www.ianbia.com Winnipeg, MB R2X 2P5 Scope: Provincial

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-179 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

New Brunswick Potato Conference & Trade Show Ontario Federation of Agriculture 2020 Annual Iberville Quatre 2020 General Meeting #350, 2954, boul Laurier Location: New Brunswick Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Federation of Agriculture Québec, QC G1V 4T2 Sponsor/Contact: Potatoes New Brunswick Ontario AgriCentre 418-656-0730 Fax: 418-656-6352 P.O. Box 7878 #206, 100 Stone Rd. West Toll-Free: 800-243-6490 Grand Falls, NB E3Z 3E8 Guelph, ON N1G 5L3 E-mail: [email protected] 506-473-3036 Fax: 506-473-4647 519-821-8883 Fax: 519-821-8810 URL: www.oagq.qc.ca E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 800-668-3276 Scope: Provincial URL: www.potatoesnb.com URL: www.ofa.on.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec Assemblée générale Purpose: An event for New Brunswick potato growers & annuelle 2020 interested stakeholders to present happening in the Ontario Ground Water Association 2020 68th Location: Quebec industry Convention & Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] Location: Ontario Gare Windsor Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Ground Water Association #350, 1100, av des Canadiens-de-Montréal Newfoundland & Labrador Health Libraries 232 Central Ave. Montréal, QC H3B 2S2 Association (NLHLA) Annual Conference & Annual London, ON N6A 1M8 514-845-6141 Fax: 514-845-1833 General Meeting 2020 519-245-7194 Fax: 519-245-7196 Toll-Free: 800-461-6141 Location: Newfoundland & Labrador URL: www.ogwa.ca E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Newfoundland & Labrador Health Scope: National URL: www.oiq.qc.ca Libraries Association Scope: Provincial c/o Health Sciences Library, Memorial University of Ontario Professional Fire Fighters Association 2020 Newfoundland Annual Convention Outdoor Writers of Canada 2020 National Conference St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Professional Fire Fighters Sponsor/Contact: Outdoor Writers of Canada E-mail: [email protected] Association P.O. Box 934 URL: nlhla.chla-absc.ca 637 King St. West, #A Cochrane, AB T4C 1B1 Scope: Provincial Toronto, ON M5V 1M5 403-932-3585 Fax: 403-851-0618 905-681-7111 Fax: 905-681-1489 E-mail: [email protected] Nova Scotia Fruit Growers’ Association Annual Toll-Free: 800-387-4418 URL: www.outdoorwritersofcanada.com Convention 2020 URL: www.opffa.org Scope: National Location: Nova Scotia Scope: Provincial Purpose: Craft improvement sessions for communicators Sponsor/Contact: Nova Scotia Fruit Growers’ Association with expertise in the outdoor field Kentville Agricultural Centre Ontario Professional Fire Fighters Association 2020 32 Main St. Annual Legislative Conference Packaging Association of Canada Conference 2020 Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Location: Ontario Sponsor/Contact: Packaging Association of Canada 902-678-1093 Fax: 902-678-1567 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Professional Fire Fighters #600, 15 Allstate Pkwy. E-mail: [email protected] Association Markham, ON L3R 5B4 URL: www.nsfga.com 637 King St. West, #A E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Toronto, ON M5V 1M5 URL: www.pac.ca 905-681-7111 Fax: 905-681-1489 Scope: National Nova Scotia Ground Water Association 2020 Annual Toll-Free: 800-387-4418 General Meeting URL: www.opffa.org Partners in Prevention 2020 Health & Safety Location: Nova Scotia Scope: Provincial Conference & Trade Show Sponsor/Contact: Nova Scotia Ground Water Association Purpose: An opportunity for representatives from across Sponsor/Contact: Workplace Safety & Prevention 119 Baker’s Point Rd. Ontario to meet with MPPs to advocate on issues of Services East Jeddore, NS B0J 1W0 concern Centre for Health & Safety Innovation 902-845-1084 Fax: 902-435-0089 5110 Creekbank Rd. Toll-Free: 888-242-4440 Ontario Society for Environmental Education Mississauga, ON L4W 0A1 E-mail: [email protected] EcoLinks Conference 2020 905-614-1400 Fax: 905-614-1414 URL: www.nsgwa.ca Location: Ontario Toll-Free: 877-494-9777 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Society for Environmental E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A yearly gathering featuring divisional meetings, Education URL: www.wsps.ca presentations, & association business P.O. Box 587 Scope: National Lakefield, ON K0L 2H0 Ontario Association of Geographic & Environmental 705-652-0923 Petroleum Services Association of Canada 2020 Educators 2020 Fall Conference URL: home.osee.ca Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Association for Geographic & Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Petroleum Services Association of Environmental Education Canada #202, 10 Morrow Ave. Ontario Stone, Sand & Gravel Association 2020 #1150, 734 - 7 Ave. SW Toronto, ON M6R 2J1 Conference & Annual General Meeting Calgary, AB T2P 3P8 416-538-1650 Fax: 416-489-1713 Location: Ontario 403-264-4195 Fax: 403-263-7174 URL: www.oagee.org Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Stone, Sand & Gravel Toll-Free: 800-818-7722 Scope: Provincial Association E-mail: [email protected] #103, 5720 Timberlea Blvd. URL: www.psac.ca Ontario Association of Geographic & Environmental Mississauga, ON L4W 4W2 Scope: National Educators 2020 Spring Conference 905-507-0711 Fax: 905-507-0717 Purpose: At the end of October each year, the Petroleum Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Association for Geographic & URL: www.ossga.com Services Association of Canada Annual Report is Environmental Education Scope: Provincial released, in conjunction with the Annual General Meeting #202, 10 Morrow Ave. & the Canadian Drilling Activity Forecast Toronto, ON M6R 2J1 Ontario Trail Council Trailhead Ontario 2020 416-538-1650 Fax: 416-489-1713 Location: Ontario Pipe Line Contractors Association of Canada 2020 URL: www.oagee.org Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Trails Council 66th Annual Convention Scope: Provincial P.O. Box 500 Sponsor/Contact: Pipe Line Contractors Association of Deseronto, ON K0K 1X0 Canada Ontario Environment Network AGM 2020 URL: www.ontariotrails.on.ca #201, 1075 North Service Rd. West Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Environmental Network Scope: Provincial Oakville, ON L6M 2G2 P.O. Box 192 905-847-9383 Fax: 905-847-7824 Georgetown, ON L7G 4T1 Ordre des arpenteurs-géomètres du Québec 52e E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Congrès URL: www.pipeline.ca URL: www.oen.ca Location: Quebec Scope: National Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Ordre des arpenteurs-géomètres du Purpose: A program about the special pipeline Québec construction industry, including various speakers & the association’s annual general meeting

E-180 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Professional Engineers Ontario 97th Annual General Safety Services New Brunswick Health & Safety Science Writers & Communicators of Canada 2020 Meeting 2020 Conference 2020 Conference

Sponsor/Contact: Professional Engineers Ontario Sponsor/Contact: Safety Services New Brunswick Sponsor/Contact: Science Writers & Communicators of 2020 Up-Date Environmental #101, 40 Sheppard Ave. West #204, 440 Wilsey Rd. Canada Toronto, ON M2N 6K9 Fredericton, NB E3B 7G5 P.O. Box 75 Stn. A 416-224-1100 Fax: 416-224-9527 506-458-8034 Fax: 506-444-0177 Toronto, ON M5W 1A2 Toll-Free: 800-339-3716 Toll-Free: 877-762-7233 Toll-Free: 800-796-8595 URL: www.peo.on.ca E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.sciencewriters.ca URL: www.safetyservicesnb.ca Scope: National Public Health Association of British Columbia 2020 Scope: Provincial Annual Conference Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ Location: British Columbia SaskOutdoors Annual General Meeting 2020 National Association (SMACNA) 2020 Annual Sponsor/Contact: Public Health Association of British Location: Saskatchewan Convention Columbia Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Outdoor & Sponsor/Contact: Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning #210, 1027 Pandora Ave. Environmental Education Association Contractors’ National Association Victoria, BC V8V 3P6 P.O. Box 398 4201 Lafayette Center Dr. 250-595-8422 Fax: 250-595-8622 Craven, SK S0G 0W0 Chantilly, VA 20151-1219 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.saskoutdoors.org 703-803-2980 Fax: 703-803-3732 URL: www.phabc.org Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial URL: www.smacna.org Saskatchewan Camping Association 2020 Annual Scope: National Quebec Mineral Exploration Association Explo Abitibi General Meeting Contact Information: www.smacna.org/annualconvention 2020 Location: Saskatchewan Location: Quebec Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Camping Association Society Promoting Environmental Conservation Sponsor/Contact: Association de l’exploration minière de 3950 Castle Rd. Annual General Meeting 2020 Québec Regina, SK S4S 6A4 Sponsor/Contact: Society Promoting Environmental #203, 132, av du Lac 306-586-4026 Fax: 306-790-8634 Conservation Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 4N5 Scope: Provincial 2060 Pine St. 819-762-1599 Fax: 819-762-1522 Purpose: Featuring the election of the board of directors Vancouver, BC V6J 4P8 E-mail: [email protected] of the association 604-736-7732 Fax: 604-736-7115 URL: www.aemq.org E-mail: [email protected] Anticipated Attendance: 300+ Saskatchewan Mining Association 54th Annual URL: www.spec.bc.ca General Meeting 2020 Scope: Provincial Recycling Council of Ontario 2020 Annual General Location: Saskatchewan Meeting & Policy Forum Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Mining Association Sustainable Forestry Initiative 2020 Annual Location: Ontario #1500, 2002 Victoria Ave. Conference Sponsor/Contact: Recycling Council of Ontario Regina, SK S4P 0R7 Location: Vancouver, BC P.O. Box 83 306-757-9505 Fax: 306-569-1085 Sponsor/Contact: Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc. Orangeville, ON L9W 2Z5 E-mail: [email protected] #750, 2121 K St. NW 416-657-2797 URL: www.saskmining.ca Washington, DC 20037 Toll-Free: 888-501-9637 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.sfiprogram.org URL: www.rco.on.ca Saskatchewan Professional Planners Institute 2020 Scope: International Scope: Provincial Annual Conference Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Professional Planners TechnoCentre éolien / Wind Energy TechnoCentre Registered Professional Foresters Association of Institute 14th Colloque de l’industrie éolienne québécoise Nova Scotia 2020 Annual General Meeting #505, 2300 Broad St. 2020 Location: Nova Scotia Regina, SK S4P 1Y8 Sponsor/Contact: TechnoCentre éolien Sponsor/Contact: Registered Professional Foresters 306-584-3879 70, rue Bolduc Association of Nova Scotia E-mail: [email protected] Gaspé, QC G4X 1G2 P.O. Box 1031 URL: sppi.ca 418-368-6162 Fax: 418-368-4315 Truro, NS B2N 5G9 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] 902-893-0099 Purpose: A meeting of planners & related professionals to URL: www.eolien.qc.ca E-mail: [email protected] share new ideas, enhance professional practice, network Scope: Provincial URL: www.rpfans.ca & socialize Anticipated Attendance: 200 Scope: Provincial Contact Information: URL: colloque.nergica.com Purpose: A business meeting for Nova Scotia’s Saskatchewan Trucking Association Annual General professional foresters Meeting 2020 The Acadian Entomological Society 79th Annual Location: Saskatchewan Meeting Registered Veterinary Technologists & Technicians of Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Trucking Association Sponsor/Contact: The Acadian Entomological Society Canada 2020 Annual General Meeting 103 Hodsman Rd. P.O. Box 4000 Sponsor/Contact: Registered Veterinary Technologists & Regina, SK S4N 5W5 Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St. Technicians of Canada 306-569-9696 Fax: 306-569-1008 Fredericton, NB E3B 597 P.O. Box 961 Toll-Free: 800-563-7623 E-mail: [email protected] Kemptville, ON K0G 1J0 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.acadianes.org 613-215-0619 URL: www.sasktrucking.com Toll-Free: 844-626-0796 Scope: Provincial The Royal Canadian Geographical Society College of URL: rvttcanada.ca Fellows Annual Dinner 2020 Scope: National Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation 91st Annual Sponsor/Contact: The Royal Canadian Geographical Convention 2020 Society Safety Services Manitoba Occupational Health & Location: Moose Jaw, SK 50 Sussex Dr. Safety Conference 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation Ottawa, ON K1M 2K1 Location: Winnipeg, MB 9 Lancaster Rd. 613-745-4629 Fax: 613-744-0947 Sponsor/Contact: Safety Services Manitoba Moose Jaw, SK S6J 1M8 E-mail: [email protected] #3, 1680 Notre Dame Ave. 306-692-8812 Fax: 306-692-4370 URL: www.rcgs.org Winnipeg, MB R3H 1H6 Toll-Free: 877-793-9453 Scope: National 204-949-1085 Fax: 204-956-2897 E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A gathering of Society members, featuring the Toll-Free: 800-661-3321 URL: www.swf.sk.ca approval of the audited financial statement, a guest E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial speaker, & the presentation of awards URL: www.safetyservicesmanitoba.ca Purpose: A yearly gathering of members, featuring the Scope: Provincial presentation of awards The Society of Toxicology of Canada 51st Annual Symposium 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Society of Toxicology of Canada

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-181 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

P.O. Box 55094 403-250-9121 416-971-9856 Fax: 416-971-6191 Montréal, QC H3G 2W5 E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 877-426-6527 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.wsga.ca URL: www.roma.on.ca URL: www.stcweb.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Scope: National Wilderness Tourism Association BC 2020 Annual 2021 Yukon Night Thermal Insulation Association of Alberta 2020 General Meeting Date: January 2021 Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Wilderness Tourism Association Sponsor/Contact: Yukon Chamber of Mines Location: Alberta P.O. Box 423 3151B - 3rd Ave. Sponsor/Contact: Thermal Insulation Association of Cumberland, BC V0R 1S0 Whitehorse, YT Y1A 1G1 Alberta 250-336-2862 Fax: 250-336-2861 867-667-2090 Fax: 867-668-7127 P.O. Box 4091 Stn. C E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] #600, 900 6th Ave. SW URL: www.wilderness-tourism.bc.ca URL: www.yukonminers.ca Calgary, AB T2T 5M9 Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial 403-244-4487 Fax: 403-244-2340 Purpose: Informative sessions & workshops about nature Purpose: A networking event celebrating Yukon’s unique E-mail: [email protected] based tourism mining history & culture URL: www.tiaa.cc Contact Information: URL: www.yukonnight.ca Scope: Provincial Windfall Ecology Festival 2020 Sponsor/Contact: Windfall Ecology Centre American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Transport Action Canada 2020 Annual General 93A Industrial Pkwy. South Air-Conditioning Engineers 2021 Winter Conference Meeting Aurora, ON L4G 3V5 Date: January 23-27, 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Transport Action Canada 905-727-0491 Fax: 289-648-4106 Location: Chicago, IL USA P.O. Box 858 Stn. B Toll-Free: 866-280-4431 Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Heating, #303, 211 Bronson Ave. E-mail: [email protected] Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers Ottawa, ON K1P 5P9 URL: www.windfallcentre.ca 1791 Tullie Circle NE 613-594-3290 Fax: 613-594-3271 Scope: Local Atlanta, GA 30329 E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: Electric vehicles, infrastructure development 404-636-8400 Fax: 404-321-5478 URL: www.transport-action.ca and practical information on how to incorporate electric Toll-Free: 800-527-4723 mobility into your organization and strategy planning. E-mail: [email protected] Truck World 2020 Contact Information: Email: [email protected] URL: www.ashrae.org Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Trucking Association Scope: International 555 Dixon Rd. World Energy Council Executive Assembly 2020 Purpose: A global forum providing technology transfer, Toronto, ON M9W 1H8 Sponsor/Contact: World Energy Council best practices, education and excellent networking 416-249-7401 Fax: 866-713-4188 62-64 Cornhill St. opportunities for those who insist upon using the latest URL: www.ontruck.org London, EC3V 3NH innovative solutions to enhance operations and maximize Scope: Provincial URL: www.worldenergy.org the efficiency and productivity of their buildings. Purpose: An event fully endorsed by the OTA; features Scope: International Contact Information: new equipment, technology, & career opportunities for www.ashrae.org/conferences/ashrae-conferences both carriers & suppliers World Future Society Annual Conference 2020 Sponsor/Contact: World Future Society Association for Mineral Exploration British Columbia Tunnelling Association of Canada 2020 Annual #161, 3220 N St. NW 2021 Mineral Exploration Roundup Conference Conference Washington, DC 20007 Date: January 18-21, 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Tunnelling Association of Canada 301-656-8274 Location: Vancouver Convention Centre Toll-Free: 8828 Pigott Rd. 800-989-8274 Vancouver, BC E-mail: Richmond, BC V7A 2C4 [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Association for Mineral Exploration Fax: URL: 604-241-1297 604-241-1399 www.wfs.org British Columbia E-mail: Scope: [email protected] International #800, 889 West Pender St. URL: www.tunnelcanada.ca Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2 Scope: National Yukon Conservation Society 2020 Annual General Meeting 604-689-5271 Fax: 604-681-2363 West Coast Environmental Law 2020 Annual General Location: Yukon Territory E-mail: [email protected] Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Yukon Conservation Society URL: www.amebc.ca Sponsor/Contact: West Coast Environmental Law 302 Hawkins St. Scope: Provincial #200, 2006 West 10th Ave. Whitehorse, YT Y1A 1X6 Contact Information: Phone: 604-630-3930, Email: Vancouver, BC V6J 2B3 867-668-5678 Fax: 867-668-6637 [email protected] Fax: E-mail: 604-684-7378 604-684-1312 [email protected] Cargo Logistics Canada Expo & Conference 2021 Toll-Free: 800-330-9235 URL: www.yukonconservation.org Date: January 26-27, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Location: URL: www.wcel.org Vancouver Convention Centre East Scope: Provincial Vancouver, BC 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Purpose: The appointment of board members takes place Freight Management Association of each year Canada January #210, 600 Terry Fox Dr. Western Retail Lumber Association 2020 Buying 2021 Guelph Organic Conference & Trade Show Ottawa, ON K2L 4B6 Show Date: January 2021 613-599-3283 Fax: 613-599-1295 Sponsor/Contact: Western Retail Lumber Association Location: Guelph, ON E-mail: [email protected] Western Retail Lumber Association Inc. Sponsor/Contact: Ecological Agriculture Projects URL: www.fma-agf.ca #1004, 213 Notre Dame Ave. Macdonald Campus, McGill University Scope: National Winnipeg, MB R3B 1N3 Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Contact Information: cargologisticscanada.com Toll-Free: 800-661-0253 514-398-7771 Fax: 514-398-7621 E-mail: [email protected] Scotia Horticultural Congress 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Date: January 25-26, 2021 URL: www.wrla.org URL: eap.mcgill.ca Scope: Provincial Location: Nova Scotia Scope: Local Sponsor/Contact: Horticulture Nova Scotia Anticipated Attendance: 1800-2000 Kentville Agricultural Centre Western Stock Growers’ Association Annual General Contact Information: www.guelphorganicconf.ca Meeting 2020 32 Main St. Sponsor/Contact: The Western Stock Growers’ 2021 ROMA Annual Conference Kentville, NS B4N 1J5 Association Date: January 23-26, 2021 902-678-9335 Fax: 902-678-1280 P.O. Box 179 Location: Sheraton Centre Hotel E-mail: [email protected] #14, 900 Village Lane Toronto, ON URL: www.horticulturens.ca Okotoks, AB T1S 1Z6 Sponsor/Contact: Rural Ontario Municipal Association Scope: Provincial #801, 200 University Ave. Toronto, ON M5H 3C6

E-182 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

The Maritimes Energy Association Annual General #628, 70 Arthur St. 306-525-3727 Fax: 306-525-4373 Meeting & Dinner 2021 Winnipeg, MB R3B 1G7 E-mail: [email protected]

Date: January 2021 204-989-9300 Fax: 204-989-9306 URL: www.suma.org 2020 Up-Date Environmental Sponsor/Contact: The Maritimes Energy Association Toll-Free: 800-463-9323 Scope: Provincial Cambridge Tower 1 E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: suma.org/conventions #420, 202 Brownlow Ave. URL: www.caar.org Dartmouth, NS B3B 1T5 Scope: National March 902-425-4774 Fax: 902-422-2332 Purpose: A conference & exhibition featuring the annual E-mail: [email protected] general meeting, educational workshops, guest speaker Alberta Water & Wastewater Operators Association URL: www.maritimesenergy.com sessions, the presentation of awards, & networking 2021 46th Annual Operators Seminar Scope: Provincial events Date: March, 2021 Purpose: A gathering of interest to decision makers in the Location: Banff Park Lodge offshore & onshore & renewable & non-renewable energy Canadian Gas Association 2021 Engineering Integrity Banff, AB sectors to participate in roundtable discussions & & Construction Conference Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Water & Wastewater Operators networking events Date: February 22-25, 2021 Association Location: Doubletree by Hilton 10806 - 119 St. February Montréal, QC Edmonton, AB T5H 3P2 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Gas Association 780-454-7745 Fax: 780-454-7748 19th Annual Health & Safety Conference & Trade Fair #1220, 350 Albert St. Toll-Free: 877-454-7745 Date: February 4-5, 2021 Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4 URL: www.awwoa.ab.ca Location: NAIT Productivity & Innovation Centre 613-748-0057 Fax: 613-748-9078 Scope: Provincial Edmonton, AB E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: Speakers, including operators, supervisors, Sponsor/Contact: Health & Safety Conference Society of URL: www.cga.ca technical industry representatives, & other experts in their Alberta Scope: National fields, bring operators up-to-date on numerous topics in P.O. Box 38084 Stn. Capilano Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] the water & wastewater field Edmonton, AB T6A 3Y6 Contact Information: Program Coordinator: Phone: E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Health Food Association (CHFA) West 2021 780-454-7745/877-454-7745 ext. 227 URL: hsconference.ca Conference & Trade Show Scope: Provincial Date: February 18-21, 2021 Consulting Engineers of Alberta 2021 Transportation Contact Information: Courtney Coulombe, Conference Location: Vancouver Convention Centre, West Building Connects Alberta Conference Coordinator Vancouver, BC Date: March 7-9, 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Health Food Association Location: Cambridge Hotel & Conference Centre American Association for the Advancement of #201, 235 Yorkland Blvd. Red Deer, AB Science 2021 Annual Meeting Toronto, ON M2J 4Y8 Sponsor/Contact: Consulting Engineers of Alberta Date: February 8-11, 2021 416-497-6939 Fax: 416-497-3214 Phipps-McKinnon Building Sponsor/Contact: American Association for the Toll-Free: 800-661-4510 #870, 10020 - 101A Ave. Advancement of Science E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T5J 3G2 1200 New York Ave. NW URL: www.chfa.ca 780-421-1852 Fax: 780-424-5225 Washington, DC 20005 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] 202-326-6400 Purpose: A conference & trade show attended by owners, URL: www.cea.ca E-mail: [email protected] managers, employees, & nutrition & health care Scope: Provincial URL: www.aaas.org practitioners from pharmacies, health stores, grocery Scope: International stores, specialty stores, & online retailers Environmental Managers Association of British Purpose: Information for scientists, engineers, educators, Columbia 2021 Workshop & policy-makers Engineers Canada 2021 Winter Meeting Date: March 2021 Contact Information: meetings.aaas.org Date: February 22-24, 2021 Location: British Columbia Location: Ottawa, ON Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Managers Association of Association of BC Forest Professionals 73rd Annual Sponsor/Contact: Engineers Canada British Columbia Forestry Conference and Annual General Meeting #300, 55 Metcalfe St. P.O. Box 3741 2021 Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 Vancouver, BC V6B 3Z8 Date: February 3-5, 2021 613-232-2474 Fax: 613-230-5759 604-998-2226 Fax: 604-998-2226 Location: Vancouver, BC Toll-Free: 877-408-9273 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Association of British Columbia Forest E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.emaofbc.com Professionals URL: www.engineerscanada.ca Scope: Provincial #602 - 1281 West Georgia St. Scope: National Vancouver, BC V6E 3J7 Grain Farmers of Ontario 2021 March Classic 604-687-8027 Fax: 604-687-3264 Ontario Fruit & Vegetable Convention 2021 Date: March 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Date: February 17-18, 2021 Location: Ontario URL: www.abcfp.ca Location: Scotiabank Convention Centre Sponsor/Contact: Grain Farmers of Ontario Scope: Provincial Niagara Falls, ON 679 Southgate Dr. Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Guelph, ON N1G 4S2 Atlantic Universities Physics & Astronomy Association 519-767-6537 Fax: 519-767-9713 Conference (AUPAC) 2021 #105, 355 Elmira Rd. North Toll-Free: 800-265-0550 Date: February 5-7, 2021 Guelph, ON N1K 1S5 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Dalhousie University 519-763-6160 Fax: 519-763-6604 URL: www.gfo.ca Halifax, NS E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Science Atlantic URL: www.ofvga.org Purpose: A gathering of representatives from government, Dept. of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie Scope: Provincial industry, & farms throughout Ontario to attend University Purpose: An annual gathering of horticultural crop presentations about trade, world markets, & new P.O. Box 15000 enthusiasts involved in producing fruits and vegetables. oppotunities Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Contact Information: www.ofvc.ca Anticipated Attendance: 700+ 902-494-3421 E-mail: [email protected] Saskatchewan Urban Municipalities Association Ontario Waste Management Association 2021 “The URL: www.scienceatlantic.ca 116th Annual Convention and Tradeshow 2021 Year Ahead” Conference Scope: Provincial Date: February 7-10, 2021 Date: March 4, 2021 Location: TCU Place Location: Toronto Airport Marriott Hotel Canadian Association of Agri-Retailers Conference Saskatoon, SK Toronto, ON 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Urban Municipalities Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Waste Management Date: February 9-11, 2021 Association Association Location: Edmonton, AB #200, 2222 - 13th Ave. #3, 2005 Clark Blvd. Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Agri-Retailers Regina, SK S4P 3M7 Brampton, ON L6T 5P8

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-183 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

905-791-9500 Fax: 905-791-9514 703-438-3115 Fax: 703-438-3113 Western Transportation Advisory Council 2021 Spring E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Member Forum URL: www.owma.org URL: www.toxicology.org Date: April 28-29, 2021 Scope: Provincial Scope: International Location: The Hotel Saskatchewan Regina, SK Organic Trade Association (OTA) Expo West 2021 April Sponsor/Contact: Western Transportation Advisory Date: March 4-6, 2021 Council BC Council of Forest Industries 2021 Annual Location: Anaheim Convention Center #401, 899 Pender St. West Convention Anaheim, CA USA Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2 Sponsor/Contact: Organic Trade Association Date: April 7-9, 2021 604-687-8691 Fax: 604-687-8751 #45A, 444 North Capital St. Location: JW Marriott Parq E-mail: [email protected] Washington, DC 20001 Vancouver, BC URL: www.westac.com 202-403-8520 Sponsor/Contact: BC Council of Forest Industries Scope: Provincial URL: www.ota.com #1220, 595 Howe St. Scope: International Vancouver, BC V6C 2T5 May Purpose: Hosted in conjunction with Natural Products 604-684-0211 Fax: 604-687-4930 Expo West E-mail: [email protected] ASME 2021 Annual Meeting Contact Information: Integrated Events & Marketing URL: www.cofi.org Date: May 2021 Project Manager - Adrienne Messe, Phone: Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Mechanical 202-403-8634 Purpose: A meeting about issues affecting the forestry Engineers industries of British Columbia. 2ParkAve. Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada Anticipated Attendance: 500-900 New York, NY 10016-5990 (PDAC) 2021 Convention Contact Information: Phone: 604-684-0211; Fax: Toll-Free: 800-843-2763 Date: March 7-10, 2021 604-687-4930 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Toronto, ON URL: www.asme.org Sponsor/Contact: Prospectors & Developers Association Canadian Respiratory Conference 2021 Scope: International of Canada Date: April 8-10, 2021 #800, 170 University Ave. Location: Québec City, QC American Industrial Hygiene Conference & Toronto, ON M5H 3B3 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Lung Association Exposition (AIHce EXP) 2021 416-362-1969 National Office Date: May 24-26, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] #502, 885 Meadowlands Dr. Location: Dallas, TX USA URL: www.pdac.ca Ottawa, ON K2C 3N2 Sponsor/Contact: American Industrial Hygiene Scope: International 613-569-6411 Association Purpose: A four-day event that attracts more than 1,100 Toll-Free: 888-566-5864 #777, 3141 Fairview Park Dr. exhibitors & 25,800 attendees from 132 countries to E-mail: [email protected] Falls Church, VA 22042 participate in short courses, technical sessions, & URL: www.lung.ca 703-849-8888 Fax: 703-207-3561 networking opportunities Scope: National URL: www.aiha.org Anticipated Attendance: 25,800+ Anticipated Attendance: 650 Scope: International Rural Municipalities of Alberta Spring 2021 NACE International CORROSION 2021 Animal Nutrition Association of Canada 2021 AGM & Convention Date: April 18-22, 2021 Convention Date: March 15-17, 2021 Location: Salt Lake City, UT USA Date: May 31 - June 2, 2021 Location: Edmonton Convention Centre Sponsor/Contact: NACE International Location: Westin Resort & Spa Edmonton, AB 15835 Park Ten Pl. Whistler, BC Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Houston, TX 77084 Sponsor/Contact: Animal Nutrition Association of Canada 2510 Sparrow Dr. 281-228-6200 Fax: 281-228-6300 #1301, 150 Metcalfe St. Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 E-mail: [email protected] Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 URL: www.nace.org 613-241-6421 Fax: 613-241-7970 Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 Scope: International E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A corrosion conference & exposition URL: www.anacan.org URL: rmalberta.com Scope: National Northwestern Ontario Municipal Association 2021 Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities Annual Conference & AGM British Columbia Recreation & Parks Association 2021 Annual Convention Date: April 28-30, 2021 Symposium 2021 Date: March 8-11, 2021 Location: Thunder Bay, ON Date: May 5-7, 2021 Location: Evraz Place Sponsor/Contact: Northwestern Ontario Municipal Location: Vancouver, BC Regina, SK Association Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Recreation & Parks Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Association of Rural P.O. Box 10308 Association Municipalities Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6T8 #301, 470 Granville St. 2301 Windsor Park Rd. 807-683-6662 Vancouver, BC V6C 1V5 Regina, SK S4V 3A4 E-mail: [email protected] 604-629-0965 Fax: 604-629-2651 306-757-3577 Fax: 306-565-2141 URL: www.noma.on.ca Toll-Free: 866-929-0965 Toll-Free: 800-667-3604 Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: Phone: 807-683-6662, E-mail: URL: www.bcrpa.bc.ca URL: www.sarm.ca [email protected] Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Purpose: An annual meeting of interest to parks & Purpose: An opportunity for SARM members to discuss Water Environment Association of Ontario 2021 recreation professionals & volunteers, as well as elected issues and participate in dialogue sessions with Ministers Annual Conference officials from across British Columbia and the Provincial cabinet. Date: April 18-20, 2021 Anticipated Attendance: 2,000 Location: London Convention Centre CSBE/SCGAB 2021 AGM & Technical Conference Contact Information: Manager of Events: Amy Roettger, London, ON Date: May 10-14, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Water Environment Association of Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Bioengineering Ontario 2028 Calico Crescent Society of Toxicology 60th Annual Meeting & P.O. Box 176 Orléans, ON K4A 4L7 ToxExpo Milton, ON L9T 4N9 613-590-0975 Date: March 14-18, 2021 416-410-6933 Fax: 416-410-1626 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Orlando, FL USA E-mail: [email protected] URL: csbe-scgab.ca Sponsor/Contact: Society of Toxicology URL: www.weao.org Scope: National #300, 11190 Sunrise Valley Dr. Scope: Provincial Contact Information: cigr2020.ca Reston, VA 20191 Purpose: A conference featuring technical sessions, a keynote speaker, a student program, an awards presentation, & networking opportunities

E-184 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Canadian Avalanche Association 2021 Annual 403-317-0017 202-974-5200 Fax: 202-296-7005 General Meeting & Spring Conference E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.plasticsindustry.org

Date: May 2-7, 2021 URL: www.cwra.org Scope: National 2020 Up-Date Environmental Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Avalanche Association Scope: National P.O. Box 2759 Contact Information: URL: conference.cwra.org Nature Nova Scotia 2021 Annual General Meeting & 110 MacKenzie Ave. Conference Revelstoke, BC V0E 2S0 Congrès annuel de l’Association québécoise pour Date: May 2021 250-837-2435 Fax: 866-366-2094 l’hygiène, la santé et la sécurité du travail 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Nature Nova Scotia (Federation of URL: www.avalancheassociation.ca Date: May 2021 Nova Scotia Naturalists) Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Association québécoise pour l’hygiène, c/o Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History Purpose: An introduction for technicians & supervisors lasantéetlasécuritédutravail 1747 Summer St. from transportation & utility & resource sectors, such as P.O. Box 52 Halifax, NS B3H 3A6 forestry, mining, & railways, who manage winter 89, boul de Bromont 902-798-3329 operations & avalanche hazard programs Bromont, QC J2L 1A9 E-mail: [email protected] 450-776-2169 URL: www.naturens.ca Canadian Gas Association Gas Measurement & Toll-Free: 888-355-3830 Scope: Provincial Regulation School 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A weekend event, with an annual meeting Date: May 17-20, 2021 URL: www.aqhsst.qc.ca featuring reports on the past year’s activities to the Location: Fairmont Le Manoir Scope: Provincial membership, plus educational talks & field trips Richelieu, QC Contact Information: www.congresaqhsst.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Gas Association Ontario’s Water Conference & Trade Show 2021 #1220, 350 Albert St. Construction Specifications Canada 2021 Conference Date: May 3-5, 2021 Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4 Date: May 26-30, 2021 Location: Blue Mountain Resort 613-748-0057 Fax: 613-748-9078 Location: Saskatoon, SK Blue Mountains, ON E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Construction Specifications Canada Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Water Works Association URL: www.cga.ca #312, 120 Carlton St. #215, 507 Lakeshore Rd. East Scope: National Toronto, ON M5A 4K2 Mississauga, ON L5G 1H9 Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] 416-777-2198 Fax: 416-777-2197 416-231-1555 Fax: 416-231-1556 URL: www.csc-dcc.ca Toll-Free: 866-975-0575 Canadian Geophysical Union 2021 Annual Meeting Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Date: May 2-5, 2021 URL: owwa.com Location: Banff, AB Engineers Canada 2021 Spring Meeting Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Geophysical Union Date: May 26-29, 2021 Purpose: This annual industry highlight features a full c/o Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences Location: Halifax, NS slate of plenary and technical sessions focusing on the 3450 University St. Sponsor/Contact: Engineers Canada latest in technology and research affecting drinking water Montréal, QC H3A 0E8 #300, 55 Metcalfe St. from source to tap. The Trade Show consistently has 514-398-6767 Ottawa, ON K1P 6L5 more than 100 exhibitors representing the manufacturers E-mail: [email protected] 613-232-2474 Fax: 613-230-5759 and suppliers of products and services for the water URL: www.cgu-ugc.ca Toll-Free: 877-408-9273 industry. Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Anticipated Attendance: 1,400+ URL: www.engineerscanada.ca Canadian Health Food Association (CHFA) Québec Scope: National The Newfoundland & Labrador Oil & Gas Industries 2021 Association (Noia) Conference 2021 Date: May 2021 Geological Association of Canada 2021 Annual Date: May 31 - June 3, 2021 Location: Palais des congrès de Montréal Meeting Location: St. John’s Convention Centre Montréal, QC Date: May 17-19, 2021 St. John’s, NL Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Health Food Association Location: Western University Sponsor/Contact: Noia #201, 235 Yorkland Blvd. London, ON Atlantic Pl. Toronto, ON M2J 4Y8 Sponsor/Contact: Geological Association of Canada P.O. Box 44 416-497-6939 Fax: 416-497-3214 c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of #606, 215 Water St. Toll-Free: 800-661-4510 Newfoundland St. John’s, NL A1C 6C9 E-mail: [email protected] #ER4063, Alexander Murray Bldg. 709-758-6610 Fax: 709-758-6611 URL: www.chfa.ca St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial 709-864-7660 Fax: 709-864-2532 URL: www.noia.ca Purpose: A conference & trade show designed for owners E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National & decision makers from both small & large URL: www.gac.ca Purpose: The Annual Noia Conference is a key service establishments, such as natural & health food retail Scope: National that provides members and the general public with information on trends and business opportunities in the stores, specialty stores, food chains, & pharmacies International Association for Great Lakes Research East Coast Canada oil & gas industry. 64th Annual Conference 2021 Canadian Society of Landscape Architects 2021 Contact Information: noiaconference.com Congress Date: May 17-21, 2021 Date: May 27-29, 2021 Location: Houghton, MI USA June Location: Shaw Centre Sponsor/Contact: International Association for Great Ottawa, ON Lakes Research 2021 Canadian Society of Soil Science Annual Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Landscape 4840 South State Rd. Meeting Architects Ann Arbor, MI 48108 Date: June 6-10, 2021 12 Forillon Cres. 734-665-5303 Fax: 734-741-2055 Location: Charlottetown, PE Ottawa, ON K2M 2S5 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Soil Science 866-781-9799 Fax: 866-871-1419 URL: www.iaglr.org Business Office E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International P.O. Box 637 URL: www.csla.ca Contact Information: IAGLR Conference Coordinator: Pinawa, MB R0E 1L0 Scope: National Christine Manninen, Phone: 734-475-6917, E-mail: 204-282-9486 Fax: 204-753-8478 Anticipated Attendance: 4,500+ [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.csss.ca Canadian Water Resources Association 2021 NPE2021: The Plastics Show Conference Date: May 17-21, 2021 ASME 2021 Turbo Expo Conference & Exposition Date: May 26-28, 2021 Location: Orange County Convention Center Date: June 7-11, 2021 Location: Quebec City, QC Orlando, FL USA Location: Pittsburgh, PA USA Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Water Resources Association Sponsor/Contact: SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Mechanical 1401 - 14th St. North Association Engineers Lethbridge, AB T1H 2W6 #500, 1425 K St. NW 2ParkAve. Washington, DC 20005 New York, NY 10016-5990

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-185 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Toll-Free: 800-843-2763 Canadian Engineering Education Association 2021 Contact Information: URL: csme2020.com E-mail: [email protected] Conference URL: www.asme.org Date: June 20-23, 2021 Canadian Society of Microbiologists 70th Annual Scope: International Location: Charlottetown, PE Conference Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Engineering Education Location: University of Guelph Air & Waste Management Association 114th Annual Association Guelph, ON Conference & Exhibition 2021 c/o Design Engineering, University of Manitoba Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Microbiologists Date: June 14-17, 2021 E2-262 EITC, 75 Chancellors Circle c/o Rofail Conference and Management Services Location: Orlando, FL USA Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6 17 Dossetter Way Sponsor/Contact: Air & Waste Management Association 204-474-7113 Fax: 204-474-7676 Ottawa, ON K1G 4S3 Koppers Bldg. E-mail: [email protected] 613-421-7229 Fax: 613-421-9811 #2100, 436 Seventh Ave. URL: ceea.ca E-mail: [email protected] Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Scope: National URL: www.csm-scm.org 412-232-3444 Fax: 412-232-3450 Scope: National Toll-Free: 800-270-3444 Canadian Institute of Food Science & Technology E-mail: [email protected] 2021 Canadian Food Summit Environmental Bankers Association 2021 Summer URL: www.awma.org Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Food Science & Conference Scope: International Technology Date: June 13-16, 2021 #305, 3390 South Service Rd. Location: Charlotte, NC USA American Water Works Association Annual burlington, ON L7N 3J5 Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Bankers Association Conference & Exposition 2021 Toll-Free: 844-755-6679 #100, 1827 Powers Ferry Rd. Date: June 13-16, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Atlanta, GA 30339 Location: San Diego, CA USA URL: www.cifst.ca 678-619-5045 Fax: 678-229-2777 Sponsor/Contact: American Water Works Association Scope: International E-mail: [email protected] 6666 West Quincy Ave. Purpose: Theme: “Called to the Table - Ideas to Action” URL: www.envirobank.org , CO 80235 Scope: International 303-794-7711 Fax: 303-347-0804 Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating 2021 Toll-Free: 800-926-7337 Annual Business Conference Local Government Management Association of E-mail: [email protected] Date: June 27-29, 2021 British Columbia 2021 Annual Conference & AGM URL: www.awwa.org Location: The Algonquin Resort Date: June 15-17, 2021 Scope: International St. Andrews, NB Location: Delta Okanagan Resort Purpose: An international gathering of thousands of water Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Kelowna, BC professionals, featuring a technical program, workshops, Heating Sponsor/Contact: Local Government Management seminars, & exhibits #504, 295 The West Mall Association of British Columbia Toronto, ON M9C 4Z4 710 - 880 Douglas St. Association of Canadian Ergonomists Conference 416-695-0447 Victoria, BC V8W 1B7 2021 Toll-Free: 800-639-2474 250-383-7032 Fax: 250-384-4879 Date: June 13-18, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Location: Vancouver, BC URL: www.ciph.com URL: www.lgma.ca Sponsor/Contact: Association of Canadian Ergonomists Scope: National Scope: Provincial #200, 411 Richmond St. East Anticipated Attendance: 300+ Toronto, ON M5A 3S5 Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers 2021 Contact Information: Program Manager: Ana Fuller, 416-477-0914 Fax: 416-929-5256 Conference Phone: 250-383-7032, ext. 227, E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 888-432-2223 Date: June 6-9, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Hamilton Convention Centre Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Association 2021 URL: www.ace-ergocanada.ca Hamilton, ON Annual Meeting & Education Seminar Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Transportation Date: June 6-8, 2021 Contact Information: Email: [email protected]; URL: Engineers Location: Holiday Inn & Suites Ambassador Bridge iea2021.org P.O. Box 25118 Windsor, ON 1221 Weber St. East Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Plumbing Inspectors Canadian Association of Recycling Industries (CARI) Kitchener, ON N2A 4A5 Association 80th Annual Convention E-mail: [email protected] c/o Ursula Wengler Date: June 9-11, 2021 URL: www.cite7.org 22 Dalegrove Cres. Location: Kelowna, BC Scope: National Toronto, ON M9B 6A7 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Recycling Purpose: Theme: “Disruptive Progress: The Path to Safer, URL: www.opia.info Industries Cleaner & More Equitable Transportation” Scope: Provincial #1906, 130 Albert St. Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 Canadian Remote Sensing Society 2021 42nd Organic Trade Association (OTA) Annual Membership 613-728-6946 Fax: 705-835-6196 Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing Meeting 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Date: June 21-25, 2021 Date: June 2021 URL: www.cari-acir.org Location: Yellowknife, NT Sponsor/Contact: Organic Trade Association Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Remote Sensing Society #45A, 444 North Capital St. c/o Canadian Aeronautics & Space Institute Washington, DC 20001 Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators #104, 350 Terry Fox Dr. 202-403-8520 2021 Annual Meeting Kanata, ON K2K 2W5 URL: www.ota.com Date: June 7-9, 2021 613-591-8787 Fax: 613-591-7291 Scope: International Location: Edmonton, AB E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: Vice President of Communications - Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Council of Motor Transport URL: www.crss-sct.ca Tessa Young, Phone: 802-275-3828 Administrators Scope: National #404, 1111 Prince of Wales Planning Institute of British Columbia 2021 Annual Ottawa, ON K2C 3T2 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering Conference 613-736-1003 Fax: 613-736-1395 International Congress 2021 Date: June 15-18, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Location: University of Prince Edward Island Location: Whitehorse, YT URL: www.ccmta.ca Charlottetown, PE Sponsor/Contact: Planning Institute of British Columbia Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Mechanical #1750, 355 Burrard St. Purpose: Educational events, an exhibition, a working Engineering Vancouver, BC V6C 2G8 forum where important decisions are made, & an 1295 Hwy. 2 East 604-696-5031 Fax: 604-696-5032 excellent networking opportunity for government Kingston, ON K7L 4V1 Toll-Free: 866-696-5031 decision-makers & members of the private sector 613-547-5989 Fax: 613-547-0195 E-mail: [email protected] Contact Information: Phone: 613-736-1003 Fax: E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.pibc.bc.ca 613-736-1395, E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.csme-scgm.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: International

E-186 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

July Contact Information: URL: P.O. Box 1708 www.cheminst.ca/conference/ccce2021 Cochrane, AB T4C 1B6 2021 American Society of Animal Science & Canadian 403-709-0064 Fax: 403-709-0068 2020 Up-Date Environmental Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting & Trade International Association of Agricultural Economists Toll-Free: 877-283-2003 Show 2021 31st International Triennial Conference E-mail: [email protected] Date: July 14-18, 2021 Date: August 20-24, 2021 URL: www.wcwwa.ca Location: Kentucky International Convention Center Location: New Delhi, India Scope: Provincial Louisville, KY USA Sponsor/Contact: International Association of Agricultural Purpose: A technical program, a keynote speaker, & a Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Animal Science Economists trade show for delegates from Western Canada Water c/o Eveline Ibeagha-Awemu, Agriculture & Agri-Food #1100, 555 East Wells St. Anticipated Attendance: 500+ Canada Milwaukee, WI 53202 Contact Information: Western Canada Water, Toll-Free 2000, rue College 414-918-3199 Fax: 414-276-3349 Phone: 1-877-283-2003, Toll-Free Fax: 1-877-283-2007, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 819-780-7249 Fax: 819-564-5507 URL: www.iaae-agecon.org URL: www.asas.org/CSAS Scope: International November Scope: National International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry ATAC 87th Canadian Aviation Conference & Canadian Institute of Planners 2021 Conference World Chemistry Congress 2021 Tradeshow Date: July 6-9, 2021 Date: August 13-20, 2021 Date: November 16-18, 2021 Location: Halifax, NS Location: Palais des congrès de Montréal Location: Fairmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Planners Montréal, QC Montreal, QC #1112, 141 Laurier Ave. West Sponsor/Contact: International Union of Pure & Applied Sponsor/Contact: Air Transport Association of Canada Ottawa, ON K1P 5J3 Chemistry #1505, 222 Queen St. 613-237-7526 IUPAC Secretariat, Bldg. 19 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 Toll-Free: 800-207-2138 P.O. Box 13757 613-233-7727 Fax: 613-230-8648 E-mail: [email protected] Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3757 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.cip-icu.ca Fax: 919-485-8706 URL: www.atac.ca Scope: National URL: www.iupac.org Scope: National Scope: International Purpose: National gathering for operators, suppliers to the Coastal Zone Canada 2021 Conference Contact Information: URL: iupac2021.org industry & government stakeholders involved in Location: Iqaluit, NU commerical aviation and flight training in Canada Sponsor/Contact: Coastal Zone Canada Association September Contact Information: Debbie Simpson; c/o Jennifer Barr, Dalhousie University [email protected]; 613-233-7727 ext. 312 P.O. Box 15000 Aquaculture Canada & World Aquaculture Society 6414 Coburg Rd. North America 2021 Helicopter Association of Canada 2021 26th Annual Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Date: September 26-29, 2021 Convention & Trade Show 902-494-4650 Fax: 902-494-1334 Location: St. John’s, NL Date: November 4-6, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: World Aquaculture Society Location: Vancouver, BC URL: www.coastalzonecanada.org 143 J.M. Parker Coliseum, LSU Sponsor/Contact: Helicopter Association of Canada Scope: National Baton Rouge, LA 70803-0001 #500, 130 Albert St. 225-578-3137 Fax: 225-578-3493 Goldschmidt Conference 2021 Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 URL: www.was.org 613-231-1110 Fax: 613-369-5097 Date: July 4-9, 2021 Scope: International URL: www.h-a-c.ca Location: , France Contact Information: Conference Manager, Phone: Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Geochemical Society 760-751-5005 Purpose: Professional development programs & c/o Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, Washington information sessions to help Helicopter Association of University Electro-Federation Canada Conference 2021 Canada members achieve in the present economic & #CB 11691, Brookings Dr. Date: September 21-24, 2021 regulatory climate St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 Location: Niagara Falls, ON Anticipated Attendance: 800+ 314-935-4131 Fax: 314-935-4121 Sponsor/Contact: Electro-Federation Canada Contact Information: Office Manager & Contact, Member E-mail: [email protected] #300, 180 Attwell Dr. Services: Barb Priestley, Phone: 613-231-1110, ext. 237, URL: www.geochemsoc.org Toronto, ON M9W 6A9 Fax: 613-369-5097, E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International 905-602-8877 Fax: 416-679-9234 Purpose: An international conference on geochemistry Toll-Free: 866-602-8877 Rural Municipalities of Alberta Fall 2021 Convention Anticipated Attendance: 3,000+ E-mail: [email protected] Date: November 22-25, 2021 URL: www.electrofed.com Location: Shaw Conference Centre Soil & Water Conservation Society Annual Scope: National International Conference 2021 Edmonton, AB Contact Information: Contact: Nathalie Lajoie, E-mail: Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Soil & Water Conservation Society [email protected] 945 SW Ankeny Rd. 2510 Sparrow Dr. Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 Ankeny, IA 50023-9723 The American Association of Bovine Practitioners 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 515-289-2331 Fax: 515-289-1227 2021 Annual Conference Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 URL: www.swcs.org Date: September 23-25, 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International Location: Minneapolis, MN USA URL: rmalberta.com Sponsor/Contact: American Association of Bovine August Practitioners Other Conferences in 2021 P.O. Box 3610 104th Canadian Chemistry Conference & Exhibition #802, 3320 Skyway Dr. 13th Annual Electric Vehicles Conference & Trade Date: August 13-20, 2021 Auburn, AL 36831-3610 Show 2021 Location: Palais des congrès de Montréal 334-821-0442 Fax: 334-821-9532 Sponsor/Contact: Electric Mobility Canada Montréal, QC E-mail: [email protected] #11-530, 38, Place du Commerce Sponsor/Contact: Chemical Institute of Canada URL: www.aabp.org Ile-des-Soeurs, QC H3E 1T8 #400, 222 Queen St. Scope: International Fax: 514-769-1286 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 613-232-6252 613-232-5862 October URL: www.emc-mec.ca Toll-Free: 888-542-2242 Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Western Canada Water 2021 73rd Annual Conference URL: www.cheminst.ca & Exhibition 2021 Canadian Bioethics Society Conference Scope: National Date: October 5-8, 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Bioethics Society Purpose: Held in conjunction with the 51st IUPAC Location: Winnipeg, MB c/o Amy Middleton, Administrator General Assembly and the 48th World Chemistry Sponsor/Contact: Western Canada Water P.O. Box 33 Congress. Hubbards, NS B0J 1T0

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-187 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

613-617-0860 403-275-4400 Fax: 403-274-0007 418-657-2016 Fax: 418-657-2154 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.bioethics.ca URL: www.albertabeef.org URL: www.amq-inc.com Scope: National Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Contact Information: www.abiconference.ca 2021 National Health Leadership Conference Association of Canada Lands Surveyors 2021 Sponsor/Contact: HealthCareCAN Alberta Camping Association Annual Conference National Surveyors’ Conference #100, 17 York St. 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Association of Canada Lands Ottawa, ON K1N 5S7 Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Camping Association Surveyors 613-241-8005 Fax: 613-241-5055 Percy Page Centre 100E, 900 Dynes Rd. Toll-Free: 855-236-0213 11759 Groat Rd. Ottawa, ON K2C 3L6 E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T5M 3K6 613-723-9200 Fax: 613-723-5558 URL: www.healthcarecan.ca 403-477-5443 URL: www.acls-aatc.ca Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.albertacamping.com 28th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics 2021 Scope: Provincial Association of Local Public Health Agencies 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Mechanical Annual General Meeting & Conference Engineering Alberta Fish & Game Association 2021 Annual Sponsor/Contact: Association of Local Public Health 1295 Hwy. 2 East Conference Agencies Kingston, ON K7L 4V1 Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Fish & Game Association #1306, 2 Carlton St. 613-547-5989 Fax: 613-547-0195 6924 - 104 St. Toronto, ON M5B 1J3 E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T6H 2L7 416-595-0006 Fax: 416-595-0030 URL: www.csme-scgm.ca 780-437-2342 Fax: 780-438-6872 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.alphaweb.org Purpose: Tech tracks at past conferences have included URL: www.afga.org Scope: Provincial civil engineering, computational mechanics, dynamics & Scope: Provincial vibration, education in applied mechanics, fluid Association of Professional Engineers & mechanics, manufacturing, mechatronics, Alberta Motor Transport Association 2021 Leadership Geoscientists of New Brunswick 2021 Annual micro-electro-mechanical systems, solid mechanics & Conference & AGM Meeting materials, & thermodynamics & heat transfer Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Motor Transport Association Sponsor/Contact: Association of Professional Engineers #1, 285005 Wrangler Way & Geoscientists of New Brunswick ASME Dynamic Systems & Control Conference 2021 Rocky View, AB T1X 0K3 183 Hanwell Rd. Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Mechanical Fax: 403-243-4610 Fredericton, NB E3B 2R2 Engineers Toll-Free: 800-267-1003 506-458-8083 Fax: 506-451-9629 2ParkAve. E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 888-458-8083 New York, NY 10016-5990 URL: www.amta.ca E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 800-843-2763 Scope: Provincial URL: www.apegnb.com E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: An event for transportation leaders to learn Scope: Provincial URL: www.asme.org about the latest issues facing the industry & to set the Scope: International direction for the association for the upcoming year Association of Registered Professional Foresters of New Brunswick 2021 Annual General Meeting ASME Power Conference & Nuclear Forum 2021 American Planning Association 2021 National Sponsor/Contact: Association of Registered Professional Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Mechanical Planning Conference Foresters of New Brunswick Engineers Sponsor/Contact: American Planning Association #221, 1350 Regent St. 2ParkAve. #750 West, 1030 15th St. NW Fredericton, NB E3C 2G6 New York, NY 10016-5990 Washington, DC 20005-1503 506-452-6933 Fax: 506-450-3128 Toll-Free: 800-843-2763 202-872-0611 Fax: 202-872-0643 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.arpfnb.ca URL: www.asme.org URL: www.planning.org Scope: Provincial Scope: International Scope: International Purpose: A gathering of city planners from across the Association paritaire pour la santé et la sécurité du ASME Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference 2021 United States travail du secteur affaires sociales (ASSTSAS) Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Mechanical Anticipated Attendance: 5000 colloque annuel 2021 Engineers Sponsor/Contact: Association paritaire pour la santé et la 2ParkAve. American Society of Safety Professionals 2021 sécurité du travail du secteur affaires sociales New York, NY 10016-5990 Professional Development Conference & Exposition #950, 5100, rue Sherbrooke est Toll-Free: 800-843-2763 Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Safety Montréal, QC H1V 3R9 E-mail: [email protected] Professionals 514-253-6871 Fax: 514-253-1443 URL: www.asme.org 520 N. Northwest Hwy. Toll-Free: 800-361-4528 Scope: International Park Ridge, IL 60068 URL: www.asstsas.qc.ca 847-699-2929 Scope: Local Alberta Association of Agricultural Societies 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Annual Meeting & Convention URL: www.assp.org Automotive Recyclers Association of Atlantic Canada Location: Alberta Scope: International 2021 Annual Meeting & Trade Show Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Association of Agricultural Anticipated Attendance: 5,000 Sponsor/Contact: Automotive Recyclers Association of Societies Atlantic Canada J.G. O’Donoghue Bldg. Association des chefs en sécurité incendie du 519-858-8761 #108, 7000 - 113 St. Québec Congrès 2021 E-mail: [email protected] Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6 Sponsor/Contact: Association des chefs en sécurité URL: araac.ca 780-427-2174 Fax: 780-422-1613 incendie du Québec Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] 5, rue Dupré URL: www.albertaagsocieties.ca Beloeil, QC J3G 3J7 BC Camping Conference & Trade Show 2021 Scope: Provincial 450-464-6413 Fax: 450-467-6297 Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Camping Association Purpose: An event attended by members of the Alberta Toll-Free: 888-464-6413 E-mail: [email protected] Association of Agricultural Societies, where agricultural E-mail: [email protected] URL: bccamping.org societies can submit resolutions to the annual general URL: www.acsiq.qc.ca Scope: Provincial meeting & vote Scope: Provincial Anticipated Attendance: 180+ Contact Information: www.bccampingconference.ca Alberta Beef Industry Conference 2021 Association minière du Québec congrès annuel 2021 Location: Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Association minière du Québec BC Cattlemen’s Association 93rd Annual General Sponsor/Contact: Alberta Beef Producers PlacedelaCité-TourBelleCour Meeting #165, 6815 - 8th St. NE #720, 2590, boul Laurier Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Cattlemen’s Calgary, AB T2E 7H7 Québec, QC G1V 4M6 Association

E-188 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

#4, 10145 Dallas Dr. 416-979-5000 Fax: 416-979-5362 Contact Information: Phone: 613-236-9455 ext. 406; Kamloops, BC V2C 6T4 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected];

250-573-3611 Fax: 250-573-5155 URL: cafs.landfood.ubc.ca/en/ conference.cca-acc.com 2020 Up-Date Environmental E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.cattlemen.bc.ca Purpose: Held in conjunction with the Congress of the Canadian Fluid Power Association Annual General Scope: Provincial Humanities & Social Sciences. Meeting 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Fluid Power Association Beef Farmers of Ontario 2021 Annual General Canadian Association for Studies in Co-operation #25, 1250 Marlborough Ct. Meeting 2021 Conference Oakville, ON L6H 2W7 Sponsor/Contact: Beef Farmers of Ontario Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association for Studies in 905-844-6822 130 Malcolm Rd. Co-operation E-mail: [email protected] Guelph, ON N1K 1B1 c/o Centre for the Study of Co-operatives, University of URL: www.cfpa.ca 519-824-0334 Fax: 519-824-9101 Saskatchewan Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] 101 Diefenbaker Pl. URL: www.ontariobeef.com Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B8 Canadian Foundry Association 2021 Annual Scope: Provincial E-mail: [email protected] Conference Purpose: An opportunity for Ontario’s beef farmers to help URL: www.coopresearch.coop Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Foundry Association set policy direction on cattle industry issues Scope: National 339 Booth St. Purpose: Joint conference with the Association of Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1 British Columbia Food Technologists Suppliers’ Night Cooperative Educators (ACE) & the International 613-789-4894 2021 Co-operative Alliance Committee on Co-operative E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Food Technolgists Research URL: www.foundryassociation.ca c/o Nilmini Wijewickreme, SGS Canada Anticipated Attendance: 8,000 Scope: National 50-655 West Kent Ave. North Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7 Canadian Association of Aquarium Clubs 2021 Canadian Foundry Association 2021 Issues Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Convention Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Foundry Association URL: www.bcft.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Aquarium 339 Booth St. Scope: Provincial Clubs Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1 Purpose: A learning event featuring over 100 supplier #223, 1717 60th St. SE 613-789-4894 exhibits of interest to food scientists, research & Calgary, AB T2A 7Y7 E-mail: [email protected] development technologists, & senior managers & E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.foundryassociation.ca purchasers from food & beverage companies URL: www.caoac.ca Scope: National Scope: National Purpose: Technical committees work on issues to British Columbia Water & Waste Association 2021 represent members’ interests 49th Annual Conference & Trade Show Canadian Association of Geographers 2021 Annual Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Water & Waste Meeting Canadian Gas Association 2021 Regulatory Course Association Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Geographers Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Gas Association #620, 1090 West Pender St. 60 University Private #1220, 350 Albert St. Vancouver, BC V6E 2N7 Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4 604-433-4389 Fax: 604-433-9859 613-562-5208 613-748-0057 Fax: 613-748-9078 Toll-Free: 877-433-4389 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.cag-acg.ca URL: www.cga.ca URL: www.bcwwa.org Scope: National Scope: National Scope: Provincial Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A four day conference, including technical Canadian Association of Science Centres 2021 Annual Conference Canadian Golf Course Management Conference 2021 sessions & the chance to view current products at the Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Golf Superintendents trade show Location: Ingenium - Canada’s Museums of Science and Innovation Association Building Supply Industry Association of British Ottawa, ON 2605 Summerville Ct., #A2082 Columbia 2021 Annual General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association of Science Mississauga, ON L4X 0A2 Sponsor/Contact: Building Supply Industry Association of Centres 416-626-8873 British Columbia 100 Ramsey Lake Rd. Toll-Free: 800-387-1056 #2, 19299 - 94th Ave. Sudbury, ON P3E 5S9 E-mail: [email protected] Surrey, BC V4N 4E6 705-522-6825 Fax: 705-522-1677 URL: www.golfsupers.com 604-513-2205 Fax: 604-513-2206 E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International Toll-Free: 888-711-5656 URL: www.canadiansciencecentres.ca Purpose: An international conference & trade show URL: www.bsiabc.ca Scope: National featuring over 100 exhibitors Scope: Provincial Contact Information: Office Manager: Tina Leduc, Phone: Canadian Health Food Association (CHFA) East 2021 Contact Information: Phone: 604-513-2205, E-mail: 705-522-6825 ext. 354, E-mail: [email protected] Conference & Trade Show [email protected] Canadian Association on Water Quality 56th Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Health Food Association CAMPUT 2021 Annual Conference CENTRAL Canadian Symposium on Water Quality #201, 235 Yorkland Blvd. Sponsor/Contact: CAMPUT Research 2021 Toronto, ON M2J 4Y8 #646, 200 North Service Rd. West Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association on Water Quality 416-497-6939 Fax: 416-497-3214 Oakville, ON L6M 2Y1 P.O. Box 5050 Toll-Free: 800-661-4510 905-827-5139 Fax: 905-827-3260 Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 289-780-0378 URL: www.chfa.ca URL: www.camput.org URL: www.cawq.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: National Scope: National Purpose: A conference & trade show attended by owners, Purpose: A gathering of people in diverse fields of water managers, employees, & nutrition & health care Canadian Archaeological Association Annual Meeting quality research to present innovations in engineering, practitioners from pharmacies, health stores, grocery 2021 science, & policy. stores, specialty stores, & online retailers Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Archaeological Association URL: www.canadianarchaeology.com Canadian Construction Association 103rd Annual Canadian Healthcare Association 2021 Annual Scope: National Conference 2021 General Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Construction Association Sponsor/Contact: HealthCareCAN Canadian Association for Food Studies 16th Annual #1900, 275 Slater St. #100, 17 York St. Assembly Ottawa, ON K1P 5H9 Ottawa, ON K1N 5S7 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Association for Food Studies 613-236-9455 Fax: 613-236-9526 613-241-8005 Fax: 613-241-5055 c/o Centre for Studies in Food Security, Ryerson E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 855-236-0213 University URL: www.cca-acc.com E-mail: [email protected] 350 Victoria St. Scope: National URL: www.healthcarecan.ca Toronto, ON M5B 2K3

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-189 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Scope: National Canadian Society for Civil Engineering 2021 Annual 5788 L&A Rd. Purpose: The association’s business meeting, including Conference & Annual General Meeting Vernon, BC V1B 3PG the presentation of the Marion Stephenson Award & the Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Civil Engineering 204-720-0052 CHA Award for Distinguished Service by the Board of 4877, rue Sherbrooke ouest URL: www.seedanalysts.ca Directors Montréal, QC H3Z 1G9 514-933-2634 Fax: 514-933-3504 Construction Safety Association of Manitoba - The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy & Petroleum E-mail: [email protected] Safety Conference 2021 2021 Convention URL: www.csce.ca Sponsor/Contact: Construction Safety Association of Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy Scope: National Manitoba & Petroleum 1447 Waverly St. #1250, 3500, boul de Maisonneuve ouest Canadian Society for the Study of Practical Ethics Winnipeg, MB R3T 0P7 Westmount, QC H3Z 3C1 2021 Annual Conference 204-775-3171 Fax: 204-779-3505 514-939-2710 Fax: 514-939-2714 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for the Study of E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Practical Ethics URL: www.constructionsafety.ca URL: www.cim.org c/o Dept. of Philosophy, #618, Jorgenson Hall, Ryerson Scope: Provincial Purpose: A mining event, featuring a technical program, Univ. Purpose: A safety & health conference for construction workshops, field trips, a student program, & a social 350 Victoria St. owners, supervisors, foremen, safety committees, program Toronto, ON M5B 2K3 workers, & students, featuring workshops & a trade show Contact Information: convention.cim.org 416-979-5000 Fax: 416-979-5362 with more than 100 exhibitors URL: www.csspe.ca Contact Information: URL: thesafetyconference.ca; Canadian Labour Congress 2021 Constitutional Scope: National E-mail: [email protected]; Conference Convention Coordinators: Keith Steffano, Phone: 204-775-3171, Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Labour Congress Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists 2021 E-mail: [email protected]; Dominika Fryca, National Headquarters Conference E-mail: [email protected] 2841 Riverside Dr. Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists Ottawa, ON K1V 8X7 P.O. Box 1570 Electricity Distributors Association 2021 Annual 613-521-3400 Fax: 613-521-4655 #310, 4 Cataraqui St. General Meeting URL: www.canadianlabour.ca Kingston, ON K7K 1Z7 Sponsor/Contact: Electricity Distributors Association Scope: National 613-531-8899 Fax: 866-303-0626 #1100, 3700 Steeles Ave. West Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected]. E-mail: [email protected] Vaughan, ON L4L 8K8 URL: www.cscc.ca 905-265-5300 Fax: 905-265-5301 Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society Scope: National Toll-Free: 800-668-9979 2021 Congress E-mail: [email protected] Location: , BC Canadian Society of Plant Biologists/Société URL: www.eda-on.ca Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Meteorological & canadienne de biologie végétale Annual General Scope: Provincial Oceanographic Society Meeting 2021 P.O. Box 3211 Stn. D Location: Saskatoon, SK Environmental Services Association of Alberta Ottawa, ON K1P 6H7 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Plant Biologists EnviroTech 2021 613-990-0300 c/o Barry Micallef, Crop Science Building, University of Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Services Association of E-mail: [email protected] Guelph Alberta URL: www.cmos.ca 117 Reynolds Walk #102, 2528 Ellwood Dr. SW Scope: National Guelph, ON N1G 1Y4 Edmonton, AB T6X 0A9 E-mail: [email protected] 780-429-6363 Fax: 780-429-4249 Canadian Mineral Processors 53rd Annual URL: www.cspb-scbv.ca Toll-Free: 800-661-9278 Conference 2021 Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Mineral Processors Society Purpose: Held in conjunction with Plant Canada URL: www.esaa.org 555 Booth St. Scope: Provincial Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1 Canadian Urban Transit Association 2021 Spring URL: www.cmpsoc.ca Summit & AGM Environmental Studies Association of Canada 2021 Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Urban Transit Association Annual Conference & AGM #1401, 55 York St. Sponsor/Contact: Environmental Studies Association of Canadian Nuclear Society 41st Annual Conference Toronto, ON M5J 1R7 Canada Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Nuclear Society 416-365-9800 Fax: 416-365-1295 c/o Dean’s Office, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Univ. #501, 998 Bloor St. West URL: cutaactu.ca of Waterloo Toronto, ON M6H 1L0 Scope: National Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 416-977-7620 519-888-4442 Fax: 519-746-0292 E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Waste to Resource Conference 2021 Toll-Free: 866-437-2587 URL: www.cns-snc.ca Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Waste Management URL: www.esac.ca Scope: National Association Scope: National #3, 2005 Clark Blvd. Purpose: Part of the Congress of the Humanities and Canadian Phytopathological Society 2021 Annual Brampton, ON L6T 5P8 Meeting Social Sciences 905-791-9500 Fax: 905-791-9514 Anticipated Attendance: 8,000+ Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Phytopathological Society E-mail: [email protected] c/o Vikram Bisht URL: www.owma.org Federation of Canadian Municipalities 2021 Annual P.O. Box 1149 Scope: National Conference & Trade Show 65 - 3 Ave. NE Contact Information: URL: www.cw2rc.ca Sponsor/Contact: Federation of Canadian Municipalities Carman, MB R0G 0J0 24 Clarence St. 204-745-0260 Fax: 204-745-5690 Certified Organic Associations of BC Conference Ottawa, ON K1N 5P3 URL: phytopath.ca 2021 613-241-5221 Fax: 613-241-7440 Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Certified Organic Associations of British E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: Held in conjunction with Plant Canada Columbia URL: www.fcm.ca #202, 3002 - 32nd Ave. Scope: National Canadian Seed Growers’ Association Annual General Vernon, BC V1T 2L7 Meeting 2021 250-260-4429 Fax: 250-260-4436 Forest Nova Scotia 2021 87th Annual Meeting Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Seed Growers’ Association E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Forest Nova Scotia P.O. Box 8455 URL: www.certifiedorganic.bc.ca P.O. Box 696 #202, 240 Catherine St. Scope: Provincial Truro, NS B2N 5E5 Ottawa, ON K1G 3T1 902-895-1179 Fax: 902-893-1197 613-236-0497 Fax: 613-563-7855 Commercial Seed Analysts Association of Canada URL: forestns.ca E-mail: [email protected] Annual Convention 2021 Scope: Provincial URL: www.seedgrowers.ca Sponsor/Contact: Commercial Seed Analysts Association Purpose: A yearly gathering of association members Scope: National of Canada Inc. Contact Information: Phone: 902-895-1179

E-190 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

Forests Ontario 2021 Annual Conference discussions, debates, a trade show, social events, & National Environmental Health Association 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Forests Ontario networking opportunities Annual Educational Conference & Exhibition

#700, 144 Front St. West Anticipated Attendance: 500+ Location: Spokane, WA USA 2020 Up-Date Environmental Toronto, ON MSJ 2L7 Contact Information: Executive Director: Evan Bahry, Sponsor/Contact: National Environmental Health 416-646-1193 Fax: 416-493-4608 Phone: 403-282-8811, E-mail: [email protected] Association Toll-Free: 877-646-1193 #1000N, 720 South Colorado Blvd. E-mail: [email protected] Industrial Gas Users Association 2021 Spring Denver, CO 80246-1926 URL: www.forestsontario.ca Seminar 303-756-9090 Fax: 303-691-9490 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Industrial Gas Users Association Toll-Free: 866-956-2258 #202, 260 Centrum Blvd. E-mail: [email protected] GLOBE 2021 Orléans, ON K1E 3P4 URL: www.neha.org Sponsor/Contact: GLOBE Foundation 613-236-8021 Fax: 613-830-7196 Scope: International World Trade Centre E-mail: [email protected] #578, 999 Canada Pl. URL: www.igua.ca National Waste & Recycling Association 2021 Vancouver, BC V6C 3E1 Scope: National Mid-Atlantic Annual Conference 604-695-5001 Fax: 604-695-5019 Sponsor/Contact: National Waste & Recycling Toll-Free: 800-274-6097 Institute of Food Technologists 2021 Annual Meeting Association E-mail: [email protected] & Food Expo #804, 1550 Crystal Dr. URL: www.globe.ca Sponsor/Contact: Institute of Food Technologists Arlington, VA 22202 Scope: International #1000, 525 West Van Buren 202-244-4700 Fax: 202-966-4824 Contact Information: General Information: Phone: Chicago, IL 60607 Toll-Free: 800-424-2869 604-695-5000, Toll-Free Phone: 1-800-274-6097, E-mail: 312-782-8424 Fax: 312-782-8348 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]; URL: www.globeseries.com Toll-Free: 800-438-3663 URL: wasterecycling.org E-mail: [email protected] GLOBE Capital URL: www.ift.org National Waste & Recycling Association 2021 Location: Toronto, ON Scope: International WasteExpo Sponsor/Contact: GLOBE Foundation Purpose: An annual gathering of thousands of food Sponsor/Contact: National Waste & Recycling World Trade Centre professionals from around the world to participate in Association #578, 999 Canada Pl. scientific sessions, poster sessions, the IFT Food Expo, #804, 1550 Crystal Dr. Vancouver, BC V6C 3E1 an awards celebration, & networking events Arlington, VA 22202 604-695-5001 Fax: 604-695-5019 202-244-4700 Fax: 202-966-4824 Toll-Free: 800-274-6097 International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) Toll-Free: 800-424-2869 E-mail: [email protected] 35th Meeting of Sedimentology 2021 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.globe.ca Sponsor/Contact: International Association of URL: wasterecycling.org Scope: International Sedimentologists Purpose: Takes place in the spring. c/o Ghent University Newfoundland & Labrador Construction Association Contact Information: General Information: Phone: #8, Krijgslaan 281 2021 Annual Conference & General Meeting 604-695-5000, Toll-Free Phone: 1-800-274-6097, E-mail: Gent, 90000 Sponsor/Contact: Newfoundland & Labrador Construction [email protected]; URL: www.globeseries.com URL: www.sedimentologists.org Association Scope: International #202, 397 Stavanger Dr. Gas Processing Association Canada Conferences Anticipated Attendance: 800 St. John’s, NL A1A 0A1 2021 709-753-8920 Fax: 709-754-3968 Sponsor/Contact: Gas Processing Association Canada International Commission of Agricultural Engineering E-mail: [email protected] #600, 900 - 6th Ave. SW 2021 5th International Conference URL: www.nlca.ca Calgary, AB T2P 3K2 Sponsor/Contact: International Commission of Agricultural Scope: Provincial 403-244-4487 Fax: 403-244-2340 & Biosystems Engineering Purpose: Sessions & keynote addresses of interest to E-mail: [email protected] c/o Dr. Takaaki Maekawa, School of Life & Environmental persons such as general, electrical, & mechanical URL: www.gpacanada.com Sciences contractors, manufacturers, suppliers, safety Scope: National 1-1-1 Tennodai, University of Tsukuba professionals, engineers, training providers, LEED Tsukuba, Ibaraki accredited professionals, & municipalities Guide Outfitters Association BC 55th Annual General E-mail: [email protected] Meeting & 28th Annual Convention URL: www.cigr.org North Central Local Government Association 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Guide Outfitters Association of British Scope: International Convention Columbia Sponsor/Contact: North Central Local Government #103, 19140 - 28th Ave. Manitoba Beef Producers 2021 42nd Annual General Association Surrey, BC V3S 6M3 Meeting c/o Maxine Koppe 604-541-6332 Fax: 604-541-6339 Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Beef Producers #206, 155 George St. E-mail: [email protected] #220, 530 Century St. Prince George, BC V2L 1P8 URL: www.goabc.org Winnipeg, MB R3H 0Y4 250-564-6585 Fax: 250-564-6514 Scope: Provincial 204-772-4542 Fax: 204-774-3264 URL: www.nclga.ca Toll-Free: 800-772-0458 Scope: Local IPAC Canada 2021 National Education Conference URL: www.mbbeef.ca Sponsor/Contact: Infection & Prevention Control Canada Scope: Provincial Ontario Automotive Recyclers Association 2021 P.O. Box 46125 Stn. Westdale Convention & Trade Show Winnipeg, MB R3R 3S3 Manitoba Planning Conference 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Automotive Recyclers 204-897-5990 Fax: 204-895-9595 Sponsor/Contact: Manitoba Professional Planners Association Toll-Free: 866-999-7111 Institute #1, 1447 Upper Ottawa St. E-mail: [email protected] 137 Bannatyne Ave., 2nd Fl. Hamilton, ON L8W 3J6 URL: www.ipac-canada.org Winnipeg, MB R3B 0R3 905-383-9788 Fax: 905-383-1904 Scope: National Toll-Free: 844-305-6774 Toll-Free: 800-390-8743 Contact Information: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] URL: www.mppi.mb.ca URL: www.oara.com Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Independent Power Producers Society of Alberta Mining Society of Nova Scotia 134th Annual Meeting Contact Information: Executive Director: Steve Fletcher, Annual Conference 2021 Phone: 519-858-8761, E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Independent Power Producers Society 2021 of Alberta Sponsor/Contact: Mining Society of Nova Scotia Ontario Camps Association 2021 Annual Conference #2600, 144 - 4th Ave. SW 88 Leeside Dr. Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Camps Association Calgary, AB T2P 3N4 Sydney, NS B1R 1S6 70 Martin Ross Ave. Fax: 403-256-8342 902-567-2147 Fax: 902-567-2147 Toronto, ON M3J 2L4 URL: www.ippsa.com URL: www.miningsocietyns.ca 416-485-0425 Fax: 416-485-0422 Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Toll-Free: 844-485-0425 Purpose: An event featuring guest speakers, panel

CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE GUIDE 2020-2021 E-191 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars

E-mail: [email protected] Ontario Public Health Convention 2021 Scope: International URL: www.ontariocamps.ca Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Public Health Association Purpose: Hosted in conjunction with Natural Products Scope: Provincial #200, 154 Pearl St. Expo East Anticipated Attendance: 400+ Toronto, ON M5H 1L3 Contact Information: Director of Education & Insights - 416-367-3313 Fax: 416-367-2844 Angela Jagiello, Phone: 202-403-8636 Ontario Geothermal Association 2021 Conference E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Geothermal Association URL: www.opha.on.ca Pest Management Canada 2021 905-602-4700 Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Pest Management Toll-Free: 800-267-2231 Purpose: Public health professionsals from across Association URL: www.ontariogeothermal.ca Ontario meet and share ideas #360, 13 - 3120 Rutherford Rd. Scope: Provincial Vaughan, ON L4K 0B2 Ontario Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Contractors Fax: 866-957-7378 Ontario Good Roads Association 2021 Conference Association 2021 AGM Toll-Free: 866-630-2762 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Good Roads Association Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Refrigeration & Air Conditioning E-mail: [email protected] #22, 1525 Cornwall Rd. Contractors Association URL: pestworldcanada.net Oakville, ON L6J 0B2 #104, 133 Milani Blvd. Scope: National 289-291-6472 Fax: 289-291-6477 Vaughan, ON L4H 4M4 Purpose: Educational sessions, networking opportunities, E-mail: [email protected] 905-670-0010 Fax: 905-670-0474 & exhibits of products, services & techniques URL: www.ogra.org URL: www.orac.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Petroleum Safety Conference 2021 Purpose: Workshops, information about current municipal Sponsor/Contact: Enform issues, a trade show, & social events Ontario Road Builders’ Association 2021 94th Head Office Contact Information: www.ograconference.ca Convention & Annual General Meeting 5055 - 11th St. NE Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Road Builders’ Association Calgary, AB T2E 8N4 Ontario Horticultural Association 115th Convention #1, 365 Brunel Rd. 403-516-8000 Fax: 403-516-8166 Location: London, ON Mississauga, ON L4Z 1Z5 Toll-Free: 800-667-5557 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Horticultural Association 905-507-1107 Fax: 905-890-8122 E-mail: [email protected] 448 Paterson Ave. E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.enform.ca London, ON N5W 5C7 URL: www.orba.org Scope: National E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.gardenontario.org Purpose: Informative sessions of interest to members of Scope: Provincial the road building industry Recycling Council of British Columbia 46th Conference on Circular Economy 2021 Ontario Municipal Human Resources Association Ontario Small Urban Municipalities 2021 68th Annual Sponsor/Contact: Recycling Council of British Columbia 2021 Spring Conference Conference & Trade Show #10, 119 West Pender St. Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Municipal Human Resources Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Small Urban Municipalities Vancouver, BC V6B 1S5 Association c/o Town of Goderich 604-683-6009 Fax: 604-683-7255 P.O. Box 1090 57 West St. Toll-Free: 800-667-4321 Waterford, ON N0E 1Y0 Goderich, ON N7A 2K5 E-mail: [email protected] 519-443-6549 519-524-8344 URL: www.rcbc.ca E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Scope: Provincial URL: www.omhra.ca URL: www.osum.ca Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Scope: Provincial Scope: Provincial Responsible Investment Association 2021 Ontario Parks Association 65th Annual Education Anticipated Attendance: 200+ Contact Information: Special Events Coordinator - Conference Forum Sponsor/Contact: Responsible Investment Association Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Parks Association Poonam Ruparelia, Phone: 416-971-9856,E-mail: [email protected] #300, 215 Spadina Ave. 7856 - 5th Line South, RR#4 Toronto, ON M5T 2C7 Milton, ON L9T 2X8 Ontario Soil & Crop Improvement Association 2021 416-461-6042 905-864-6182 Fax: 905-864-6184 AGM E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 866-560-7783 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Soil & Crop Improvement URL: www.riacanada.ca E-mail: [email protected] Association Scope: National URL: www.ontarioparksassociation.ca 1 Stone Rd. West Scope: Provincial Guelph, ON N1G 4Y2 Saskatchewan Soil Conservation Association 33rd Purpose: Description Educational presentations of 519-826-4214 Fax: 519-826-4224 Annual Conference 2021 interest to park & green space managers Toll-Free: 800-265-9751 Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Soil Conservation Contact Information: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] Association [email protected] URL: www.ontariosoilcrop.org P.O. Box 1360 Indian Head, SK S0G 2K0 Ontario Petroleum Institute 2021 59th Annual Scope: Provincial Purpose: An opportunity for farmers & persons involved in 306-695-4233 Fax: 306-695-4236 Conference & Trade Show Toll-Free: 800-213-4287 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Petroleum Institute Inc. agriculture in Ontario to bring local views to give direction to the association E-mail: [email protected] #104, 555 Southdale Rd. East URL: www.ssca.ca London, ON N6E 1A2 Contact Information: Contact: Amber Van De Peer, [email protected] Scope: Provincial 519-680-1620 Fax: 519-680-1621 Contact Information: SSCA Ofice Manager, Phone: E-mail: [email protected] Ontario Tire Dealers Association 2021 Winter 206-271-4213, E-mail: [email protected] URL: ontariopetroleuminstitute.com Conference Scope: Provincial Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Tire Dealers Association Saskatchewan Waste Reduction Council Waste Purpose: Presentation of papers about oil & natural gas P.O. Box 516 ReForum 2021 exploration, production, & storage 22 John St. Sponsor/Contact: Saskatchewan Waste Reduction Council Ontario Professional Foresters Association 2021 64th Drayton, ON N0G 1P0 888-207-9059 Fax: 866-375-6832 #208, 220 - 20th St. West Annual Conference Saskatoon, SK S7M 0W9 Sponsor/Contact: Ontario Professional Foresters URL: www.otda.com Scope: Provincial 306-931-3242 Fax: 306-955-5852 Association E-mail: [email protected] #201, 5 Wesleyan St. Organic Trade Association (OTA) All Things Organic URL: www.saskwastereduction.ca Georgetown, ON L7G 2E2 Conference 2021 Scope: Provincial 905-877-3679 Fax: 905-877-6766 Location: ,USA Purpose: Workshops & sessions on environmental issues E-mail: [email protected] Sponsor/Contact: Organic Trade Association URL: www.opfa.ca #45A, 444 North Capital St. Southern Interior Local Government Association 2021 Scope: Provincial Washington, DC 20001 Annual General Meeting & Convention 202-403-8520 Sponsor/Contact: Southern Interior Local Government URL: www.ota.com Association

E-192 GUIDE DES RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES CANADIENNES 2020-2021 Trade Shows, Conferences and Seminars c/o Alison Slater 613-226-4880 Fax: 613-226-4497 604-629-0965 Fax: 604-629-2651 1996 Sheffield Way E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 866-929-0965

Kamloops, BC V2E 2M2 URL: www.hortcouncil.ca E-mail: [email protected] 2020 Up-Date Environmental 250-374-3678 Fax: 250-374-3678 Scope: National URL: www.bcrpa.bc.ca URL: www.silga.ca Purpose: Members come together to deal with the Scope: Provincial Scope: Local challenges and opportunities facing Canada’s horticultural Purpose: An annual meeting of interest to parks & industry. recreation professionals & volunteers, as well as elected Utility Contractors Association of Ontario 2021 officials from across British Columbia Convention Heating, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Institute of Sponsor/Contact: Utility Contractors Association of Canada Canadian Mechanical & Plumbing Exposition Canadian Institute of Transportation Engineers 2022 Ontario, Inc. (CMPX) 2022 Conference P.O. Box 762 Date: March 23-25, 2022 Date: May 29 - June 1, 2022 Oakville, ON L6K 0A9 Sponsor/Contact: Heating, Refrigeration & Air Location: Vancouver, BC 905-847-7305 Fax: 905-412-0339 Conditioning Institute of Canada Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Transportation E-mail: [email protected] #101, 2350 Matheson Blvd. East Engineers URL: www.uca.on.ca Mississauga, ON L4W 5G9 P.O. Box 25118 Scope: Provincial 905-602-4700 Fax: 905-602-1197 1221 Weber St. East Purpose: An event with guest speakers & networking Toll-Free: 800-267-2231 Kitchener, ON N2A 4A5 activities for association members & their guests E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.hrai.ca URL: www.cite7.org Wilderness Canoe Assocation Annual Genral Meeting Scope: National Scope: National 2021 Contact Information: Phone: 416-444-5225, E-mail: Purpose: Theme: “Resilient Cities: Planning for an Sponsor/Contact: Wilderness Canoe Association [email protected], www.cmpxshow.com Uncertain Future” P.O. Box 91068 2901 Bayview Ave. Rural Municipalities of Alberta Spring 2022 Geological Association of Canada 2022 Annual Toronto, ON M2K 2Y6 Convention Meeting E-mail: [email protected] Date: March 14-16, 2022 Date: May 15-18, 2022 URL: www.wildernesscanoe.ca Location: Shaw Conference Centre Location: Halifax, NS Purpose: Flatwater & whitewater paddling; Hiking; Guest Edmonton, AB Sponsor/Contact: Geological Association of Canada speakers Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of 2510 Sparrow Dr. Newfoundland 2022 Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 #ER4063, Alexander Murray Bldg. 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5 January Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 709-864-7660 Fax: 709-864-2532 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and URL: rmalberta.com URL: www.gac.ca Air-Conditioning Engineers 2022 Winter Conference Scope: National Date: January 29 - February 2, 2022 April Location: Las Vegas, NV USA International Association for Great Lakes Research Sponsor/Contact: American Society of Heating, BC Council of Forest Industries 2022 Annual 65th Annual Conference 2022 Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers Convention Date: May 14-20, 2022 1791 Tullie Circle NE Date: April 2021 Location: Grand Rapids, MI USA Atlanta, GA 30329 Location: Prince George, BC Sponsor/Contact: International Association for Great 404-636-8400 Fax: 404-321-5478 Sponsor/Contact: BC Council of Forest Industries Lakes Research Toll-Free: 800-527-4723 #1220, 595 Howe St. 4840 South State Rd. E-mail: [email protected] Vancouver, BC V6C 2T5 Ann Arbor, MI 48108 URL: www.ashrae.org 604-684-0211 Fax: 604-687-4930 734-665-5303 Fax: 734-741-2055 Scope: International E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: A global forum providing technology transfer, URL: www.cofi.org URL: www.iaglr.org best practices, education and excellent networking Scope: National Scope: International opportunities for those who insist upon using the latest Purpose: A meeting about issues affecting the forestry Contact Information: IAGLR Conference Coordinator: innovative solutions to enhance operations and maximize industries of British Columbia. Christine Manninen, Phone: 734-475-6917, E-mail: the efficiency and productivity of their buildings. Anticipated Attendance: 500-900 [email protected] Contact Information: Contact Information: Phone: 604-684-0211; Fax: www.ashrae.org/conferences/ashrae-conferences 604-687-4930 June March Northwestern Ontario Municipal Association 2022 American Water Works Association Annual Annual Conference & AGM Conference & Exposition 2022 Canadian Horticultural Council Annual General Date: April 2021 Date: June 12-15, 2022 Meeting 2021 Location: Fort Frances, ON Location: San Antonio, TX USA Date: March 15-18, 2021 Sponsor/Contact: Northwestern Ontario Municipal Sponsor/Contact: American Water Works Association Location: Vancouver, BC Association 6666 West Quincy Ave. Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Horticultural Council P.O. Box 10308 Denver, CO 80235 #102, 2200 Prince of Wales Dr. Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6T8 303-794-7711 Fax: 303-347-0804 Ottawa, ON K2E 6Z9 807-683-6662 Toll-Free: 800-926-7337 613-226-4880 Fax: 613-226-4497 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.noma.on.ca URL: www.awwa.org URL: www.hortcouncil.ca Scope: Provincial Scope: International Scope: National Contact Information: Phone: 807-683-6662, E-mail: Purpose: An international gathering of thousands of water Purpose: Members come together to deal with the [email protected] professionals, featuring a technical program, workshops, challenges and opportunities facing Canada’s horticultural seminars, & exhibits industry. May Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators Canadian Horticultural Council Annual General British Columbia Recreation & Parks Association 2022 Annual Meeting Meeting 2022 Symposium 2022 Date: June 6-8, 2022 Date: March 7-10, 2022 Date: May 4-6, 2022 Location: St. John’s, NL Location: Ottawa, ON Location: Whistler, BC Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Council of Motor Transport Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Horticultural Council Sponsor/Contact: British Columbia Recreation & Parks Administrators #102, 2200 Prince of Wales Dr. Association #404, 1111 Prince of Wales Ottawa, ON K2E 6Z9 #301, 470 Granville St. Ottawa, ON K2C 3T2 Vancouver, BC V6C 1V5

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613-736-1003 Fax: 613-736-1395 Scope: International industry & government stakeholders involved in E-mail: [email protected] Purpose: An international conference on geochemistry commerical aviation and flight training in Canada URL: www.ccmta.ca Anticipated Attendance: 3,000+ Contact Information: Debbie Simpson; Scope: National [email protected]; 613-233-7727 ext. 312 Purpose: Educational events, an exhibition, a working Planning Institute of British Columbia 2022 Annual forum where important decisions are made, & an Conference Rural Municipalities of Alberta Fall 2022 Convention excellent networking opportunity for government Date: July 5-8, 2022 Date: November 7-10, 2022 decision-makers & members of the private sector Location: Whistler, BC Location: Shaw Conference Centre Contact Information: Phone: 613-736-1003 Fax: Sponsor/Contact: Planning Institute of British Columbia Edmonton, AB 613-736-1395, E-mail: [email protected] #1750, 355 Burrard St. Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Vancouver, BC V6C 2G8 2510 Sparrow Dr. Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating 2022 604-696-5031 Fax: 604-696-5032 Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 Annual Business Conference Toll-Free: 866-696-5031 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 Date: June 19-21, 2022 E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 Location: Jasper Park Lodge URL: www.pibc.bc.ca E-mail: [email protected] Jasper, AB Scope: Provincial URL: rmalberta.com Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Purpose: Joint CIP national conference Heating Other Conferences in 2022 #504, 295 The West Mall August Toronto, ON M9C 4Z4 9th International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection 416-695-0447 21st International Sedimentological Congress 2022 and Dew Toll-Free: 800-639-2474 Date: August 22-26, 2022 Location: Fort Collins, CO USA E-mail: [email protected] Location: Beijing, China Sponsor/Contact: FogQuest URL: www.ciph.com Sponsor/Contact: International Association of 448 Monarch Pl. Scope: National Sedimentologists Kamloops, BC V2E 2B2 c/o Ghent University 250-374-1745 Fax: 250-374-1746 Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering #8, Krijgslaan 281 E-mail: [email protected] International Congress 2022 Gent, 90000 URL: www.fogquest.org Location: University of Alberta URL: www.sedimentologists.org Scope: International Edmonton, AB Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Mechanical Association for Literature, Environment, & Culture in Engineering September Canada 2022 Biennial Conference 1295 Hwy. 2 East Sponsor/Contact: Association for Literature, Environment, Kingston, ON K7L 4V1 The American Association of Bovine Practitioners & Culture in Canada 613-547-5989 Fax: 613-547-0195 2022 Annual Conference c/o Department of English, University of Calgary E-mail: [email protected] Date: September 14-16, 2022 2500 University Dr. NW, 11th Fl. URL: www.csme-scgm.ca Location: Long Beach, CA USA Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Scope: International Sponsor/Contact: American Association of Bovine E-mail: [email protected] Practitioners URL: www.alecc.ca Canadian Society of Landscape Architects 2022 P.O. Box 3610 Scope: National Congress #802, 3320 Skyway Dr. Date: June 9-11, 2022 Auburn, AL 36831-3610 International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE) Location: Halifax Marriott Harbourfront 334-821-0442 Fax: 334-821-9532 24th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2022 Sponsor/Contact: Halifax, NS E-mail: [email protected] International Association for Hydrogen Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society of Landscape URL: www.aabp.org Energy Architects Scope: International #303, 5794 - 40th St. SW 12 Forillon Cres. Miami, FL 33155 E-mail: Ottawa, ON K2M 2S5 Western Canada Water 2022 74th Annual Conference [email protected] URL: 866-781-9799 Fax: 866-871-1419 & Exhibition www.iahe.org Scope: E-mail: [email protected] Date: September 20-23, 2022 International Purpose: URL: www.csla.ca Location: Calgary, AB A conference of the International Association for Scope: National Sponsor/Contact: Western Canada Water Hydrogen Energy, for the hydrogen & fuel cell community. Purpose: Co-hosted with the Atlantic Provinces P.O. Box 1708 Cochrane, AB T4C 1B6 World Energy Council 2022 World Energy Congress Association of Landscape Architects (APALA) Sponsor/Contact: World Energy Council Anticipated Attendance: 4,500+ 403-709-0064 Fax: 403-709-0068 Toll-Free: 877-283-2003 62-64 Cornhill St. London, EC3V 3NH July E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.wcwwa.ca URL: www.worldenergy.org Canadian Institute of Planners 2022 Conference Scope: Provincial Scope: International Date: July 5-8, 2022 Purpose: A technical program, a keynote speaker, & a Location: Whistler, BC trade show for delegates from Western Canada Water 2023 Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Planners Anticipated Attendance: 500+ #1112, 141 Laurier Ave. West Contact Information: Western Canada Water, Toll-Free March Ottawa, ON K1P 5J3 Phone: 1-877-283-2003, Toll-Free Fax: 1-877-283-2007, Rural Municipalities of Alberta Spring 2023 613-237-7526 E-mail: [email protected] Convention Toll-Free: 800-207-2138 November Date: March 20-22, 2023 E-mail: [email protected] Location: Shaw Conference Centre URL: www.cip-icu.ca Edmonton, AB Scope: National ATAC 88th Canadian Aviation Conference & Tradeshow Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Goldschmidt Conference 2022 Date: November 15-17, 2022 2510 Sparrow Dr. Date: July 10-15, 2022 Location: Westin Bayshore Hotel Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 Location: Chicago, IL USA Vancouver, BC 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 Sponsor/Contact: Geochemical Society Sponsor/Contact: Air Transport Association of Canada Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 c/o Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, Washington #1505, 222 Queen St. E-mail: [email protected] University Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 URL: rmalberta.com #CB 11691, Brookings Dr. 613-233-7727 Fax: 613-230-8648 St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 E-mail: [email protected] 314-935-4131 Fax: 314-935-4121 URL: www.atac.ca E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.geochemsoc.org Purpose: National gathering for operators, suppliers to the

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May October June Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Society for Rock Mechanics 15th Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating 2024 niomna pDt 2020 Up-Date Environmental International Congress 2023 International Congress on Rock Mechanics Annual Business Conference Date: May - June 2023 Date: October 9-14, 2023 Date: June 16-18, 2024 Location: Université de Sherbrooke Location: Salzburg Congress Location: Delta Grand Okanagan Resort Sherbrooke, QC Salzburg, Austria Kelowna, BC Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Society for Mechanical Sponsor/Contact: International Society for Rock Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Engineering Mechanics Heating 1295 Hwy. 2 East c/o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil #504, 295 The West Mall Kingston, ON K7L 4V1 101 Av. do Brasil Toronto, ON M9C 4Z4 613-547-5989 Fax: 613-547-0195 Lisbon, 1700-066 416-695-0447 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 800-639-2474 URL: www.csme-scgm.ca URL: www.isrm.net E-mail: [email protected] Scope: International Scope: International URL: www.ciph.com Contact Information: [email protected] Scope: National Planning Institute of British Columbia 2023 Annual Conference November September Date: May 29 - June 2, 2024 Location: Sun Peaks, BC ATAC 89th Canadian Aviation Conference & The American Association of Bovine Practitioners Sponsor/Contact: Planning Institute of British Columbia Tradeshow 2024 Annual Conference #1750, 355 Burrard St. Date: November 14-15, 2023 Date: September 12-24, 2024 Vancouver, BC V6C 2G8 Location: Fairmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel Location: Columbus, OH USA 604-696-5031 Fax: 604-696-5032 Montreal, QC Sponsor/Contact: American Association of Bovine Toll-Free: 866-696-5031 Sponsor/Contact: Air Transport Association of Canada Practitioners E-mail: [email protected] #1505, 222 Queen St. P.O. Box 3610 URL: www.pibc.bc.ca Ottawa, ON K1P 5V9 #802, 3320 Skyway Dr. Scope: Provincial 613-233-7727 Fax: 613-230-8648 Auburn, AL 36831-3610 E-mail: [email protected] 334-821-0442 Fax: 334-821-9532 June URL: www.atac.ca E-mail: [email protected] Scope: National URL: www.aabp.org Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating 2023 Purpose: National gathering for operators, suppliers to the Scope: International Annual Business Conference industry & government stakeholders involved in Date: June 18-20, 2023 commerical aviation and flight training in Canada November Location: Delta St John’s Contact Information: Debbie Simpson; St. John’s, NL [email protected]; 613-233-7727 ext. 312 Rural Municipalities of Alberta Fall 2024 Convention Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Date: November 4-7, 2024 Heating Rural Municipalities of Alberta Fall 2023 Convention Location: Shaw Conference Centre #504, 295 The West Mall Date: November 6-9, 2023 Edmonton, AB Toronto, ON M9C 4Z4 Location: Shaw Conference Centre Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta 416-695-0447 Edmonton, AB 2510 Sparrow Dr. Toll-Free: 800-639-2474 Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 E-mail: [email protected] 2510 Sparrow Dr. 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 URL: www.ciph.com Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 Scope: National 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 E-mail: [email protected] Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 URL: rmalberta.com July E-mail: [email protected] URL: rmalberta.com Other Conferences in 2024 Goldschmidt Conference 2023 Date: July 9-14, 2023 Other Conferences in 2023 12th World Biomaterials Congress Location: Prague, Czech Republic Sponsor/Contact: International Union of Societies for Sponsor/Contact: Geochemical Society International Union of Microbiological Societies 17th Biomaterials Science & Engineering c/o Earth & Planetary Sciences Department, Washington Congress c/o Prof. Xingdong Zhang, Sichuan University University Sponsor/Contact: International Union of Microbiological 29 Wangjiang Rd. #CB 11691, Brookings Dr. Societies Chengdu St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre URL: sites.ualberta.ca/CMENG/worldbio/index.htm 314-935-4131 Fax: 314-935-4121 P.O. Box 85167 Scope: International E-mail: [email protected] Utrecht, 3508AD Purpose: Held every four years. URL: www.geochemsoc.org URL: www.iums.org Scope: International Scope: International 2025 Purpose: An international conference on geochemistry Purpose: Meetings of the three divisions of the Anticipated Attendance: 3,000+ International Union of Microbiological Societies March September 2024 Rural Municipalities of Alberta Spring 2025 Convention The American Association of Bovine Practitioners March Date: March 17-19, 2025 2023 Annual Conference Location: Shaw Conference Centre Date: September 21-23, 2023 Rural Municipalities of Alberta Spring 2024 Edmonton, AB Location: Milwaukee, WI USA Convention Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Sponsor/Contact: American Association of Bovine Date: March 18-20, 2024 2510 Sparrow Dr. Practitioners Location: Shaw Conference Centre Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 P.O. Box 3610 Edmonton, AB 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 #802, 3320 Skyway Dr. Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 Auburn, AL 36831-3610 2510 Sparrow Dr. E-mail: [email protected] 334-821-0442 Fax: 334-821-9532 Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 URL: rmalberta.com E-mail: [email protected] 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 URL: www.aabp.org Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 June Scope: International E-mail: [email protected] Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating 2025 URL: rmalberta.com Annual Business Conference Date: June 29 - July 1, 2025 Location: Fairmont Tremblant Mont Tremblant, QC

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Sponsor/Contact: Canadian Institute of Plumbing & Heating #504, 295 The West Mall Toronto, ON M9C 4Z4 416-695-0447 Toll-Free: 800-639-2474 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.ciph.com Scope: National November Rural Municipalities of Alberta Fall 2025 Convention Date: November 24-27, 2025 Location: Shaw Conference Centre Edmonton, AB Sponsor/Contact: Rural Municipalities of Alberta 2510 Sparrow Dr. Nisku, AB T9E 8N5 780-955-3639 Fax: 780-955-3615 Toll-Free: 855-548-7233 E-mail: [email protected] URL: rmalberta.com

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