GISFI 5G Workshop

Sri Chandra Standards Senior Manager, IEEE-SA Evolution of xG systems Standards

Next Generation Mobile Telephony released every 10 years

 1G: Nordic Mobile Telephone introduced in 1981

 2G: released in 1991 (GSM)

 3G: 2001 (IMT-2000 and UMTS) – Cdma/IS95 released in 1995 in the US

 4G: Fully compliant with IMT Advanced standardized in 2012 – Mobile WiMAX in 2006 – First release LTE in 2009

 5G: Approximately 2020

Source: Wikipedia IMT Advanced Requirements

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; In Connection with next generation standards:  Does not support traditional circuit-switched, but all-IP based communication  Spread spectrum technology in 3G replaced by frequency domain equalization (OFDMA)  Specific data rates specified for high and low mobility users (100 mbps, 1gbs)  Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks IEEE Standards

IEEE has been engaged in Wireless Mobile Telephony for a very long time; In Connection with next generation standards: Two 4G candidate systems have been commercially deployed:  ITU-R specified set of requirements for 4G standards, named IMT-A (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), with peak speed requirements for 4G at 100 megabits-per-second for highly mobile communications and 1Gbits per second for low mobility  First release Long Term Evolution (LTE) Standard first released in 2009  Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): IEEE 802.16e-2005 – WirelessMAN Advanced Evolution Standard based on 802.16m – Enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access – Initially designed for 30-40 megabit-per-second when released – 2011 update providing upto 1Gb-per-second for fixed base station 5G Mobile Telephone Features

Mobile traffic requirements have shown different features that introduce significant impact on future mobile system architectures, technology developments, and evolution  Big traffic volume: 1000-fold data traffic increase for 2020 and beyond  Increased indoor or hotspot traffic  Higher traffic data asymmetry: Ratio of download:upload will increase as video communications grwo  Huge numbers of subscribers will be created (M2M applications)  Energy Efficiency Future mobile networks will face great challenges, including higher capacity, higher performance, lower power consumption, higher spectrum efficiency, more spectrum resource and lower cost.

Source: The Requirements, Challenges and Technologies for 5G Terrestrial Mobile Telecommunication, Shanzi Chen, Jian Zhao, IEEE Communications Society Magazine, May 2014 Millimeter Waves (IEEE Uwave: WiFi/WiGig

According to IEEE Spectrum, May 2013, By the end of this decade, analysts say, 50 billion things such as these will connect to mobile networks. – consume 1000 times as much data as today’s mobile gadgets, – at rates 10 to 100 times as fast as existing networks can support. – New technology 5G beam-forming Antenna that could send and receive mobile data faster than 1 gigabit per second over distances as great as 2 kilometers – designed to operate at or near “millimeter-wave” frequencies (3 to 300 gigahertz) – Bands lower on the spectrum very heavily used: 4G networks have just about reached the theoretical limit on how many bits they can squeeze into a given amount of spectrum.  IEEE 802.11ad – The IEEE 802.11ad standard is aimed at providing data throughput speeds of up to 7 Gbps. – To achieve these speeds the technology uses the 60 GHz ISM band to achieve the levels of bandwidth needed and ensure reduced interference levels. – the aim is that it will be used for very short range (across a room) high volume data transfers such as HD video transfers. – When longer ranges are needed standards such as 802.11ac can be used LTE-WiFi Handover: The Challenges  Premature Wi-Fi Selection: As devices with Wi-Fi enabled move into Wi-Fi coverage, they reselect to Wi-Fi without comparative evaluation of existing cellular and incoming Wi-Fi capabilities. This can result in degradation of end user experience due to premature reselection of the Wi-Fi. Real time throughput based traffic steering can be used to mitigate this.  Unhealthy choices: In a mixed wireless network of LTE, HSPA and Wi-Fi, reselection may occur to a strong Wi-Fi network, which is under heavy load. The resulting ‘unhealthy’ choice results in a degradation of end user experience as performance on the cell edge of a lightly loaded cellular network may be superior to performance close to a heavily loaded Wi-Fi AP. Real time load based traffic steering can be used to mitigate this.  Lower capabilities: In some cases, reselection to a strong Wi-Fi AP may result in reduced performance (e.g. if the Wi-Fi AP is served by lower bandwidth in the backhaul than the cellular base station presently serving the device). Evaluation of criteria beyond wireless capabilities prior to access selection can be used to mitigate this.  Ping-Pong: This is an example of reduced end user experience due to ping- ponging between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses. This could be a result of premature Wi-Fi selection and mobility in a cellular environment with signal strengths very similar in both access types. Hysteresis concepts used in access selection similar to cellular IRAT, applied between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses can be used to mitigate this. Source: 4G Americas Whitepaper, Integration of Cellular and WiFi networks IEEE ComSoC Webinars and Tutorials

IEEE Communications Society: www.comsoc.org

IEEE Communication Society Digital Library: http://dl.comsoc.org/comsocdl – IEEE Communications Magazine – IEEE Network – IEEE Wireless Communication

IEEE ComSoc Education – Free ComSoc Tutorials – Wireless Communications Engineering Technologies (WCET) Certification – Free ComSoc Webinars Note: Recently a free webinar was offered on 5G IEEE 802 & Telecommunications standards

 An Overview Telecommunication Standards at the IEEE

IEEE Telecom Standards is developed within different groups

 IEEE 802 Working Group – IEEE Computer Society – http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/dots.shtml

 IEEE Communication Society Standards Board – IEEE Communications Society – http://committees.comsoc.org/standards/

 Cloud Computing and Emerging Technologies – Cloud Computing Standards Committee (Computer Society): http://www.computer.org/portal/web/sab/cloud-committee – Industry Connections Program Wireless communications

802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.19 P1902.1 P1907.1 802.21 802.22 DYSPAN • P1900.1 P1903 to P1900.7

11 IEEE 802 Group Summary

IEEE 802.1—Bridging and Architecture; Time Sensitive Networks IEEE 802.3—Wired Ethernet IEEE 802.11—Wireless LAN IEEE 802.15—Wireless Personal Area Networks IEEE 802.16—Broadband Wireless Access IEEE 802.18—Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group IEEE 802.19 —Wireless Coexistence IEEE 802.20—Mobile broadband wireless access- completed 802.20 series IEEE 802.21—Media Independent Handover – across different types of wireless networks (including cellular) IEEE 802.22—Wireless Regional Area Networks IEEE 802.24—Smart Grid Technical Advisory Group

12 Wireless standards 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.19, 802.21, 802.22: Wireless standards at the PHY and MAC layer

IEEE 1902.1-2009: Air interface for radiating transceiver radio tags using long wavelength signals

IEEE 1903-2011: Functional architecture of Next Generation Service Overlay Networks (NGSON) – Three protocol projects underway: P1903.1, content delivery; P1903.2, service composition; and P1903.3, self- organizing management

P1907.1: End-to-end quality of experience management scheme for real-time mobile video communication systems

13 DYSPAN: Software Defined Radio IEEE P1900.1—Terms, Definitions, and Concepts (revision) IEEE 1900.2-2008—Coexistence and interference between various radio services IEEE 1900.4a-2011: Enables mobile wireless access service in white space frequency bands without any limitation on used radio interface (physical and media access control layers, carrier frequency, etc.) – IEEE P1900.4.1: Interfaces and protocols that enable distributed decision making to optimize radio resource usage IEEE 1900.5-2011: A policy language that specifies interoperable, vendor-independent control of cognitive radio functionality and behavior for DYSPAN resources and services – P1900.5.1: Vendor-independent policy language for managing the functionality and behavior of dynamic spectrum access networks – P1900.5.2 vendor-independent generalized method for modeling spectrum consumption of any type of use of RF spectrum and the attendant computations for arbitrating the compatibility among models P1900.6a: Procedures, protocols and message format specifications for the exchange of sensing related data, control data and configuration data between spectrum sensors and their clients (IEEE Std 1900.6-2011) P1900.7: Radio interface (MAC and PHY layers) for white space dynamic spectrum access radio systems supporting fixed and mobile operation in white space frequency bands 14 Example of Dynamic Spectrum Allocation TV white space (TVWS) extends Wi-Fi into new spectrum with better coverage • TVWS has superior propagation and extends the reach of wireless networks and it enables: • Wireless networking with longer range – TVWS Wi-Fi network can be established with fewer APs / Repeaters – TVWS Wi-Fi as a supplement to current Wi-Fi, can fill the coverage holes that are not covered by current Wi-Fi

DYSPAN IEEE 802.19 IEEE 802 Summary

 802.1—Bridging and Architecture  802.15—Wireless Personal Area – Interworking Networks – Security – Bluetooth, Zigbee lower layers – Audio/Video bridging – Congestion management – Body area networks – Millimeter wave alternative PHY  802.3—Wired Ethernet (.3c) – Backplane Ethernet – Wireless mesh topologies (.5) – Congestion management – Frame expansion  802.16—Broadband Wireless Access – Power management (Power over Mobility enhancements Ethernet) – Cellular layer requirements – 10Gb/s PHY for EPON – Gigabit Ethernet – M2M – Energy Efficient Ethernet  802.19 Wireless coexistence  802.11—Wireless LAN  802.21 – Media independent handover – Radio resource management across different types of wireless – Very high throughput networks (including cellular) – Vehicular environment – Fast roaming  802.22 Wireless Regional Area – Mesh networking Networks – Performance preduction – Cognitive Wireless Regional Area – Interworking with external networks Networks (RAN) for operation in TV – Network management bands – Robust audio/video – Identifies where unused spectrum – Sub 1 GHz, 5 Ghz, 60 Ghz exists based on location New Programs & Initiatives

. IEEE P2413: Internet of Things . IEEE Initiative on Software Defined Networks by the Communications Society . Cloud Computing Initiatives . IEEE Cloud Computing Innovation Council of India (Industry Connections Program) . IEEE Intercloud Testbed (Industry Connections Program) . IEEE P2302: Standards for Intercloud Interoperability and Federation (SIIF) sponsored by IEEE Computer Society

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