Science Curriculum Map Course: Forensic Science Grade(S): 10/11

Science Curriculum Map

Course: Forensic Science Grade(s): 10/11 Teachers: High School Science Department Big Idea and Enduring Skills/Competencies Key Science NGSS PA Common Core Understanding Concepts Standards for Literacy and Math Chapter 1:  Define observation, and Biology: DNA, genetic HS-LS3-1 Ask Literacy: Observation is how you perceive describe what changes code questions to clarify RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual your surroundings. Your brain occur in the brain while relationships about evidence to support analysis of affects your observations by observing. the role of DNA and science. filtering the information you  Describe examples of chromosomes in RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a take in from your environment. factors influencing coding the instructions multistep procedure when carrying Many factors affect eyewitness eyewitness accounts of for characteristic traits out experiments accounts of a crime. events. passed from parents RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning Investigators must understand  Compare the reliability to offspring. of symbols, key terms and phrases. these factors when determining of eyewitness HS-LS3-3 Apply RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual the accuracy of a witness’s testimony to what concepts of statistics evidence to support analysis of testimony. With practice and actually happened. and probability to science. patience, you can train yourself  Relate observation explain variation and RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a to be a good observer. Forensic skills to their use in distribution of multistep procedure when carrying Science attempts to uncover forensic science. expressed traits in a out experiments. evidence in order to discover  Define forensic science population. RST.11-12.4 Determine the the facts of a crime. Forensic HS-ETS1-2 Design a meaning of symbols, key terms and scientists do not try to prove solution to a complex phrases. whether someone is innocent or real-world problem by WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments guilty. They are only interested breaking it down into focused on science content. in collecting and examining smaller, more WHST.9-10.2 Write evidence. manageable problems informative/explanatory texts, that can be solved including the narration of historical through engineering. events, scientific

procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on science content. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.

Chapter 2:  Summarize Locard’s Biology: blood typing HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Crime-scene investigators Principle of Exchange solution to a complex RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a recognize, document, collect,  Identify four examples Earth sciences: different real-world problem by multistep procedure when carrying and organize evidence left at the of trace evidence ways to study soil breaking it down into out experiments. scene of a crime. Investigators  Distinguish between smaller, more RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning apply specific procedures and direct and Mathematics: manageable problems of symbols, key terms and phrases. techniques to collect trace circumstantial evidence calculating odds that can be solved RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual evidence, a kind of  Identify the types of Chemistry: chemical through engineering. evidence to support analysis of circumstantial evidence. It is professionals who analysis of evidence science.

2 extremely important to preserve might be present at a RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a both direct and indirect crime scene multistep procedure when carrying evidence so that professionals  Summarize the seven out experiments can recreate as complete a steps (seven S’s) of a RST.11-12.4 Determine the picture as possible of what took crime-scene meaning of symbols, key terms and place before, during and after a investigation phrases. crime. Investigators must  Explain the importance WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments secure the crime scene; of securing the crime focused on science content. separate witnesses; take scene WHST.9-10.2 Write photographs and sketch the  Identify the methods by informative/explanatory texts, scene; and search, secure and which a crime scene is including the narration of historical properly package evidence. documented events, scientific  Demonstrate proper procedures/experiments or technique in collecting technical processes. and packaging trace WHST.11-12.2 Write evidence informative/explanatory texts,  Explain what it means including the narration of historical to map a crime scene events, scientific  Describe how evidence procedures/experiments or from a crime scene is technical processes. analyzed Math: CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. CC2.3.HS.A.7 Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

Chapter 3:  Identify the various Biology: the structure HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Hair is an important structure parts of a hair and functions of human solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual found on mammals, including  Describe variations in hair and hair of other real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of humans. While all hairs have the structure of the mammals breaking it down into science. the same basic structure, medulla, cortex, and smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a differences in the specific cuticle Physics: using the manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying characteristics of an individual’s  Distinguish between properties of light and that can be solved out experiments hair can help an investigator human and nonhuman electron movement to through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning determine general characteristic animal hair analyze hair HS-LS1-1 Construct an of symbols, key terms and phrases. of that individual. Forensic  Determine if two explanation based on RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual investigators rely on their examples of hair are Mathematics: evidence for how the evidence to support analysis of knowledge of hair structure, likely to be from the calculating ratios and structure of DNA science. function, and variation when same person rates determines the RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a they use hair from a crime scene  Explain how hair can be structure of proteins multistep procedure when carrying as evidence used in a forensic which carry out out experiments. investigation essential functions of RST.11-12.4 Determine the  Calculate the medullary life through systems of meaning of symbols, key terms and index for a hair specialized cells. phrases.  Distinguish hairs from HS-LS3-3 Apply WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments individuals belonging to concepts of statistics focused on science content. broad racial categories and probability to WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well explain variation and as more sustained research distribution of projects to answer a question or expressed traits in a solve a problem. population. WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments HS-PS1-1 Use the focused on science content. periodic table as a WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as model to predict the well as more sustained research relative properties of projects to answer a question or elements based on the solve a problem. patterns of electrons in the outermost Math: energy level of atoms. CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and

the origin in graphs and data displays.

Chapter 4:  Identify and describe Biology: cellulose in HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Fibers can be transferred common weave plants; keratin in solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual between people and between patterns of textile animals; plant real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of people and their environments. samples morphology; breaking it down into science. A close study of these fibers can  Compare and contrast microscopy smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a prove contact between a person various types of fibers manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying and a crime scene. through physical and Chemistry: chemical that can be solved out experiments Yarns are made of fibers. chemical analysis analysis of fibers; burn through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning Textiles are created by weaving  Describe principal tests; polymers HS-PS1-1 Use the of symbols, key terms and phrases. perpendicular yarns. Weave characteristics of periodic table as a RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual patterns vary depending on the common fibers used in Physics: reflection and model to predict the evidence to support analysis of number of threads that wind their identification refraction of light; relative properties of science. over and under each other.  Apply forensic science wavelengths of the elements based on the RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a Weave patterns can be used to techniques to analyze electromagnetic patterns of electrons multistep procedure when carrying identify sources of textiles at fibers spectrum in the outermost out experiments. crime scenes. Fiber types can be energy level of atoms. RST.11-12.4 Determine the identified by physical and Mathematics: meaning of symbols, key terms and chemical analysis. probability and statistics phrases. WHST.9-10.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem. WHST.11-12.2 Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical

events, scientific procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.

Chapter 5:  Describe different Biology: plant groups – HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Forensic botany was first used in forms of forensic gymnosperms, solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual 1932 to help solve the Lindbergh botanical evidence angiosperms, and real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of kidnapping case. Botanical  Discuss how botanical seedless plants breaking it down into science. evidence can be found both evidence can help solve smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a indoors and outdoors and crimes by linking a Biology: plant manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying provides a link between a crime person or object to a reproductive organs – that can be solved out experiments scene and people and/or crime scene, sporophytes and through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning objects. A variety of botanical establishing a flowers of symbols, key terms and phrases. evidence can be used to solve postmortem interval, HS-LS1-1 Construct an RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual crimes. Plant fragments such as or aiding in the location Biology: pollination explanation based on evidence to support analysis of leaves, roots, stem, flowers, of gravesites processes – the cycle evidence for how the science. seeds, fruits, and pollen that ae  Discuss the history of helps identify the plant structure of DNA RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a recovered from suspects or forensic botany species determines the multistep procedure when carrying objects provide insight not only  Explain the terms plant structure of proteins out experiments. to the location of a crime but assemblage and pollen Earth Sciences: which carry out RST.11-12.4 Determine the also as to the postmortem vegetation changes with essential functions of meaning of symbols, key terms and

6 interval. Proper methods to fingerprint or pollen elevation climate life through systems of phrases. process a crime scene, and how profile changes; soil changes at specialized cells. WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments to collect, document, and  Summarize the roles of a gravesite; soil focused on science content. analyze botanical evidence are gymnosperms, samples, like most other HS-LS3-3 Apply WHST.9-10.2 Write outlined. angiosperms, seedless pieces of evidence, concepts of statistics informative/explanatory texts, plants, and fungi in contain differences and probability to including the narration of historical terms of providing based on composition, explain variation and events, scientific botanical evidence location, and a myriad distribution of procedures/experiments or  Explain why botanical of other factors that can expressed traits in a technical processes. evidence is often be used for population. WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well overlooked identification as more sustained research  Summarize the projects to answer a question or difference between Mathematics: solve a problem. botanical evidence measurement to WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments collection and habitat determine consistency focused on science content. sampling of pollen grains WHST.11-12.2 Write  Describe the correct between crime-scene informative/explanatory texts, procedures for evidence and suspect including the narration of historical collecting, labeling, and evidence; number of events, scientific documenting botanical diatom species helping procedures/experiments or evidence to estimate PMI technical processes.  Explain why a forensic WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as botanist should consult well as more sustained research with local individuals; projects to answer a question or meteorologists; and solve a problem. entomologists, anthropologists, and Math: wildlife specialist when CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to processing a crime understand problems and to guide scene the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Chapter 6:  Outline the history of Biology: the skin; HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Fingerprinting has long history fingerprinting fingerprints are formed solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual of forensic use. A person’s in utero; fingerprints real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of

7 fingerprints develop long before  Describe the are different in identical breaking it down into science. birth. The ridges on our fingers characteristics of twins smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a in the shapes of loops, arches, fingerprints manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying and whorls are different from  Compare and contrast Chemistry: powders that can be solved out experiments anyone else’s. Fingerprint the basic types of and other chemicals through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning examiners look for unique fingerprints used to recover of symbols, key terms and phrases. characteristics, such as a core  Describe how criminals fingerprints; skin oil can HS-LS1-2 Develop and RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual and deltas. Computer attempt to alter their leave a fingerprint on a use a model to evidence to support analysis of algorithms based on location of fingerprints surface; chemical illustrate the science. minutiae help to quickly sort  Present and refute reactions can help lift hierarchical RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a fingerprints. There are three arguments that latent fingerprints organization of multistep procedure when carrying types of prints that might be question fingerprint interacting systems out experiments. found at a crime scene: patent, evidence reliability Technology: scanners that provide specific RST.11-12.4 Determine the plastic, or latent. The IAFIS  Summarize the proper and computers are used functions within meaning of symbols, key terms and database, developed by the FBI, procedures for to collect and sort multicellular phrases. is used to compare prints. collecting fingerprint fingerprints; biometric organisms. WHST.9-10.2 Write Fingerprints can be collected by evidence technology informative/explanatory texts, using tape, powders, or other  Describe the latest including the narration of historical chemicals: or they can be identification events, scientific photographed and compared technologies procedures/experiments or with criminal fingerprint cards  Determine if a technical processes. on file. fingerprint is consistent WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well with a fingerprint on as more sustained research record projects to answer a question or  Lift a latent print solve a problem.  Prepare a ten card and WHST.11-12.2 Write analyze the ridge informative/explanatory texts, patterns of the prints including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.

Math:

CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

Chapter 7:  Explain how DNA can Biology: function and HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: DNA is an important form of be important to structure of DN solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual evidence that is used in criminal criminal investigations real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of and civil investigations. From  Explain how crime- Mathematics: breaking it down into science. biological evidence such as scene evidence is calculating probability smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a saliva, blood, urine, or human collected for DNA manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying remains, DNA can be isolated, analysis Chemistry: chemical that can be solved out experiments amplified using PCR, and  Describe how crime- composition of DNA and through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning analyzed. (Mitochondrial DNA scene evidence is STRs, PCR reactions, of symbols, key terms and phrases. and Y STRs can be analyzed to processed to obtain restriction enzymes HS-LS1-1 Construct an RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual trace maternal or paternal DNA explanation based on evidence to support analysis of relatives, respectively). Since  Explain what short evidence for how the science. the advent of DNA fingerprinting tandem repeat (STR) is, structure of DNA RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a with restriction fragments in the and explain its determines structure multistep procedure when carrying mid-1980s, DNA analysis has importance to DNA of proteins which out experiments. advanced. With advances in profiling carry out the essential RST.11-12.4 Determine the biotechnology and computer  Explain how law- functions of life meaning of symbols, key terms and science, a more automated enforcement agencies through systems of phrases. method of DNA analysis using compare new DNA specialized cells. WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments STRs has improved both the evidence to existing focused on science content. accuracy and speed of analyzing DNA evidence WHST.9-10.2 Write DNA. Using population studies,  Describe the use of informative/explanatory texts, the probability of someone DNA profiling using including the narration of historical else’s DNA profile being mtDNA and Y STRs to events, scientific consistent can be calculated. help identify a person procedures/experiments or CODIS, a DNA database using the DNA of family technical processes. managed by the FBI, has members WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well advanced the applicant of DNA  Compare and contrast as more sustained research profiling by improving a gene and a projects to answer a question or

9 communication among local, chromosome, and an solve a problem. state and national law- intron and an exon WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments enforcement agencies. The focused on science content. creation of a National DNA Index WHST.11-12.2 Write System with more than 10 informative/explanatory texts, million DNA profiles of convicted including the narration of historical offenders enables law events, scientific enforcement to identify procedures/experiments or unknown DNA of repeat technical processes. offenders. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.

Math: CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Chapter 8:  Describe the forensic Biology: antigen- HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Blood is composed of red blood significance of the antibody reactions, solution to a complex RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a cells, white blood cells, and different types of blood blood types real-world problem by multistep procedure when carrying platelets. Red blood cells cells breaking it down into out experiments. transport oxygen to, and  Summarize the history Chemistry: chemical smaller, more RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning transport carbon dioxide away of the use of blood and reactions used to manageable problems of symbols, key terms and phrases. from, all parts of the body; blood-spatter analysis discover blood evidence that can be solved RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual white blood cells fight diseases; in forensics that may not otherwise through engineering. evidence to support analysis of and platelet help blood clot.  Outline the procedure be visible science. Scientists have been analyzing used to determine HS-PS1-2 Construct RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a blood-splatter patterns since the blood type Physics: effects of and revise explanation multistep procedure when carrying late 1800s. When investigators  Describe how to screen forces on blood – for the outcome of a out experiments. find dark stains at a crime scene, for the presence of gravity, adhesion, simple chemical RST.11-12.4 Determine the they first test whether the stains human blood cohesion, surface reaction based on the meaning of symbols, key terms and are blood. Investigators can tension outermost electron phrases.

10 detect blood even after a scene  Calculate the states of atoms, WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments has been cleaned. Once the probability of a person Mathematics: trends in the periodic focused on science content. presence of blood is confirmed, having a specific blood calculating probability; table and knowledge WHST.9-10.2 Write investigators test to see if the type, using data from using trigonometry to of the patterns of informative/explanatory texts, blood is human. Tests can population studies calculate origin of blood chemical properties. including the narration of historical determine the blood type and  Describe the proper events, scientific the DNA profile of the person procedures for handling HS-LS3-3 Apply procedures/experiments or who lost the blood. By studying blood evidence concepts of statistics technical processes. blood-spatter patterns,  Analyze blood-spatter and probability to WHST.11-12.2 Write investigators can tell the evidence using angle of explain the variation informative/explanatory texts, direction in which the blood was impact, area of distribution of including the narration of historical traveling, the angle of impact of convergence, and area expressed traits in a events, scientific the weapon, and the point of of origin population. procedures/experiments or origin of the blood. Bloodstain-  Compare and contrast technical processes. pattern analysis provides different types of quantitative evidence as to what blood-spatter patterns Math: occurred at a crime scene.  Describe how different CC2.1.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to These procedures can help types of blood-spatter understand problems and to guide investigators recreate the patterns are formed the solution of multi-step sequence of events at a crime problems; choose and interpret scene. units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. CC2.3.HS.A.14 Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes. CC.2.3.HS.A.12 Explain and use the relationship between the sine and the cosine of complementary angles. Chapter 9:  Provide examples of Biology: effects on the HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Toxic substances include drugs, poisons, and human body solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual poisons, toxins, illegal drugs, toxins real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of

11 and controlled drugs. Toxicity  List factors that affect Chemistry: components breaking it down into science. depends on dose, duration, drug toxicity of drugs smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a nature of exposure, interactions  Describe the role of manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying with other substances, and by- toxicologist in analyzing that can be solved out experiments products of metabolism. substance evidence through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning Exposure to poisonous and toxic  Compare and contrast of symbols, key terms and phrases. substances, including arsenic, presumptive testing HS-LS1-2 Develop and RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual mercury, lead, toxic gases, and confirmatory use a model to evidence to support analysis of pesticides, herbicides, and testing illustrate the science. radiation may occur naturally or  Describe how people hierarchical RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a deliberately. Drugs can affect a get exposed to organization of multistep procedure when carrying person’s health, mood, environmental toxins interacting systems out experiments. metabolism, perception of (e.g., pesticides, carbon that provide specific RST.11-12.4 Determine the reality, and awareness. monoxide), and functions within meaning of symbols, key terms and Extended drug use can lead to describe their effects multicellular phrases. drug tolerance, dependence, on the body organisms. WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well addiction, health issues, brain  Distinguish among the as more sustained research damage, criminal behavior, and terms tolerance, projects to answer a question or even death. Lethal gases can addiction, dependence, solve a problem. damage the nervous system and and withdrawal WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as interfere with breathing.  Relate the signs and well as more sustained research Substance evidence collection, symptoms of overdose projects to answer a question or processing, and handling must with specific substance solve a problem. follow established guidelines. or combination of Because of improved technology substances Math: and other scientific  Show the relationships CC2.2.HS.F.3 Use units as a way to breakthroughs, toxicologists and between the law, crime understand problems and to guide medical examiners are better and the use of drugs the solution of multi-step able to determine how a person problems; choose and interpret died when exposed to drugs, units consistently in formulas; toxins, or poisons. choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

Chapter 10:  Explain how a sample Chemistry: chemically HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Document analysis is an area of of handwriting sensitive paper; solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual forensics that compares evidence is compared chemically treated real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of questioned documents with with an exemplar using breaking it down into science.

12 authentic ones, which are called both qualitative and paper; using iodine to smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a exemplars. One element that quantitative detect starch in paper manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying document experts examine is characteristics that can be solved out experiments the handwriting in a document.  Describe some of the Mathematics: through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning These experts use many major limitations of computerized HS-PS1-2 Construct of symbols, key terms and phrases. characteristics when examining handwriting analysis handwriting analysis; and revise an RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual a sample. These include shape  Identify a historical probability and explanation for the evidence to support analysis of of letters, angle or slant of case of document fraud statistical analysis outcome of a simple science. letters, size of letters, and use of and explain how the chemical reaction RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a connecting lines between fraudulent document(s) based on the multistep procedure when carrying letters. Besides their expertise, was/were created outermost electron out experiments. document experts also use  Describe recent states of atoms, RST.11-12.4 Determine the techniques such as infrared developments in trends in the periodic meaning of symbols, key terms and spectrometry and computerized technology for use in table and knowledge phrases. handwriting analysis to handwriting analysis of the patterns of WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well determine the authenticity of a  List and describe chemical properties. as more sustained research sample. Check forgery and several ways in which projects to answer a question or counterfeit currency are always businesses prevent solve a problem. problems. To prevent check check forgery WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as forgery, banks are changing how  Describe features of well as more sustained research they print checks, and some are new paper currency projects to answer a question or trying to eliminate paper checks that protect against solve a problem. all together. The U.S. counterfeiting government has changed  Compare and contrast Math: printing and paper-making older paper currencies HSN.Q.A.1 Use units as a way to techniques to try to stop with new currencies, understand problems and to guide counterfeiting. including those on the solution of multi-step plastic stock problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

Chapter 11:  Describe several Biology: life cycles of HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Forensic entomology is an examples of the ways flies and beetles solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual exciting field that uses insect that forensic real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of evidence at a crime scene to entomology is used to breaking it down into science. help solve a crime. Crime scene help solve crimes smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a

13 investigators must use proper  Compare and contrast Earth Science: manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying procedures of locating, the four stages of monitoring temperature that can be solved out experiments documenting, and collecting blowfly metamorphosis variation through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning insect evidence. Specimens are and describe the HS-LS1-4 Use a model of symbols, key terms and phrases. analyzed by forensic significance of blowflies Mathematics: to illustrate the role of RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual entomologists who identify in forensic entomology calculating accumulated cellular division evidence to support analysis of species and stages of  Describe the function degree hours (mitosis) and science. development and consider the of each of the following differentiation in RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a local meteorological data to organs on blowflies and producing and multistep procedure when carrying estimate a postmortem interval. explain the significance maintaining complex out experiments. Using accumulated degree hour of each structure to organisms. RST.11-12.4 Determine the studies, an entomologist can forensic entomology: HS-PS3-4 Plan and meaning of symbols, key terms and estimate how long it took for spracles, mouth hooks, conduct an phrases. the insects collected at the crop investigation to WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments crime scene to develop to their  Describe the effect of provide evidence that focused on science content. current stage under local different the transfer of thermal WHST.9-10.2 Write conditions. The pattern of environmental factors energy when two informative/explanatory texts, insect succession that occurs on on insect development components of including the narration of historical a body undergoing  Describe the five stages different temperature events, scientific decomposition is predictable of decomposition are combined within a procedures/experiments or and provides evidence of first  Explain how forensic closed system results technical processes. colonization of a body. entomologists interpret in a more uniform WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well forensic evidence and energy distribution as more sustained research environmental among the projects to answer a question or conditions to estimate components in the solve a problem. a postmortem interval system (second law of WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments  Explain how insect thermodynamics). focused on science content. evidence is analyzed to WHST.11-12.2 Write provide evidence of the informative/explanatory texts, deceased person’s including the narration of historical identity or drug, events, scientific poison, or toxin procedures/experiments or exposure technical processes.  Summarize the WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as procedures for well as more sustained research documenting and projects to answer a question or collecting insect solve a problem.

evidence from a crime Math: scene HSN.Q.A.1 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

Chapter 12:  Distinguish between Biology: medical HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: When a person dies under cellular death and definition of death; solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual unknown or suspicious death of an organism processes of bodily real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of circumstances, a medical  Distinguish among four death; autolysis; breaking it down into science. examiner determines the cause, manners of death: physiology of muscle smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a manner, and mechanism of natural, accidental, contraction, rigor manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying death, along with providing an suicidal, and homicidal. mortis, livor mortis; that can be solved out experiments estimated postmortem interval. Explain the fifth factors affecting through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning These are determined by classification, decomposition, autopsy HS-LS1-2 Develop and of symbols, key terms and phrases. examining evidence from the undetermined procedures use a model to RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual body, its location, and the  Distinguish among illustrate the evidence to support analysis of surrounding area. Evidence cause, manner, and Chemistry: anaerobic hierarchical science. from decomposition, algor mechanism of death respiration; organization of RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a mortis, rigor mortis, livor mortis,  Outline the sequence decomposition interacting systems multistep procedure when carrying and autopsy reports that include of events that occurs in processes leading to that provide specific out experiments. imaging and body fluid the first few minutes marbling functions within RST.11-12.4 Determine the examination combine to provide after death multicellular meaning of symbols, key terms and this information. The forensic  Explain how algor, Physics: heat loss by organisms. phrases. significance of establishing when rigor, and livor mortis convection, conduction, HS-PS1-5 Apply WHST.9-10.2 Write a person died can be used to develop following and radiation (algor scientific principles informative/explanatory texts, include or exclude a suspect. death and describe mortis) and evidence to including the narration of historical Understanding autolysis and how their development provide an events, scientific putrefaction, along with marling, is affected by Mathematics: explanation about the procedures/experiments or is important. When examining a environmental factors calculation of PMI from effects of changing the technical processes. body, it is important to  Sequence and describe algo mortis temperature or WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well distinguish what findings are the chemical and concentration of the as more sustained research due to factors that occurred physical changes during reacting particles on projects to answer a question or

15 before death and what findings decomposition, the rate at which a solve a problem. are caused by normal including autolysis, reaction occurs. WHST.11-12.2 Write decomposition or damage after putrefaction, marbling, informative/explanatory texts, death. and adipocere including the narration of historical formation events, scientific  Analyze the evidence procedures/experiments or from algor, livor, and technical processes. rigor mortis, stomach WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as contents, and well as more sustained research decomposition, along projects to answer a question or with environmental solve a problem. factors to estimate a postmortem interval Math:  Compare and contrast HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to the roles of medical understand problems and to guide examiners and the solution of multi-step coroners problems; choose and interpret  Describe the units consistently in formulas; procedures of an choose and interpret the scale and autopsy, and give the origin in graphs and data examples of how an displays autopsy helps establish the cause of death, manner of death, and postmortem interval  Support the claim that it is often difficult to pinpoint the postmortem interval Chapter 13:  Describe the Earth Sciences: soil HS-ETS1-2 Design a RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual Soil scientists agree that no two distinguishing composition and solution to a complex evidence to support analysis of places on Earth have precisely characteristics and characteristics; soil real-world problem by science. the same soil. Soil recovered compositions of formation; mineral breaking it down into Literacy: from a crime scene, a victim, or different soils composition and origins smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a a suspect can be analyzed for  Compare and contrast of sand manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying consistency that can link the the different soil layers that can be solved out experiments suspect to the crime scene or found in a soil profile through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning victim. Soil is part of the top of symbols, key terms and phrases.

16 layer of Earth’s crust and  Compare and contrast Chemistry: pH; testing HS-PS1-7 Use RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual contains minerals, decaying the foru different carbonate sand; mathematical evidence to support analysis of organisms, water, and air in sources of sand precipitates representations to science. uniquely varying amounts in  Analyze soils using support the claim that RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a each location. Soil is classified macroscopic and Biology: decomposition, atoms, and therefore multistep procedure when carrying by its texture, or grain size. Soils microscopic succession mass, are conserved out experiments. form in horizons, or layers, and examination, as well as during a chemical RST.11-12.4 Determine the each horizon has characteristic chemical and physical reaction. meaning of symbols, key terms and properties that differ. The testing HS-PS1-4 Develop a phrases. horizons unique to an area make  Describe the effects of model to illustrate WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments up its soil profile. Bing able to different physical and that the release or focused on science content. recognize alterations to soil in chemical compositions absorption of energy WHST.9-10.2 Write an area can help forensic of soils on the from a chemical informative/explanatory texts, scientists locate a burial site. decomposition of a reaction system including the narration of historical Proper collection and corpse depends upon the events, scientific documentation of soil evidence  Explain how soil changes in total bond procedures/experiments or are required. While soil analysis can link a energy. technical processes. evidence has been used in many suspect, victim, tool, or WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well cases, its reliability has been other evidence item to as more sustained research questioned in the courts. a crime scene projects to answer a question or  Explain how soil solve a problem. profiles and differences WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments in the soil surface can focused on science content. be used to locate a WHST.11-12.2 Write gravesite informative/explanatory texts,  Summarize how to including the narration of historical collect and document events, scientific soil evidence procedures/experiments or technical processes. WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question or solve a problem.

Math: HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step

problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays

Chapter 14:  Summarize the Biology: bone biology HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Ossification is the deposition of information a forensic and anatomy; solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual minerals in cartilage that anthropologist derives mitochondrial DNA; real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of hardens it to form bone. Bones from skeletal remains DNA technology breaking it down into science. complete development to construct a biological smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a gradually at predictable times, profile Mathematics: manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying making age estimates possible.  Distinguish among determining height that can be solved out experiments Throughout our lives, bone is growth plates, bone from long bones; bone through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning broken down and replaced. caps, bone shafts, and proportions HS-LS1-2 Develop and of symbols, key terms and phrases. Visible differences exist among sutures, and explain Chemistry: analysis of use a model to RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual the skeletons of males and their significance for isotopes in bones illustrate the evidence to support analysis of females, people of different forensic anthropology hierarchical science. ancestries, and the young and  Compare and contrast organization of RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a the old. A history of one’s an adult’s skeleton and interacting systems multistep procedure when carrying health, nutrition, injuries, and child’s skeleton in that provide specific out experiments. certain activities can be terms of composition, functions within RST.11-12.4 Determine the discovered in the bones. number of bones, multicellular meaning of symbols, key terms and Techniques including radiology, suture marks, and organisms. phrases. photographic and video growth plates HS-LS1-1 Construct an WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments superimposition, and  Apply knowledge of explanation based on focused on science content. craniofacial reconstruction are bone growth evidence for how the WHST.9-10.2 Write used to help identify skeletal (ossification) to structure of DNA informative/explanatory texts, remains. estimate the age of the determines the including the narration of historical deceased at the time of structure of proteins events, scientific death based on skeletal that carry out the procedures/experiments or remains essential functions of technical processes.  Apply appropriate life through systems of WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well formulas to estimate specialized cells. as more sustained research the height of a person projects to answer a question or based on individual solve a problem. bone length WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments focused on science content.

 Distinguish between WHST.11-12.2 Write male and female informative/explanatory texts, skeletal remains based including the narration of historical on the structure, the events, scientific size and the shape of procedures/experiments or the skull, the pelvis, technical processes. and the long bones WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as  Provide examples of well as more sustained research different types of projects to answer a question or skeletal trauma due to solve a problem. disease, injuries, occupation, or Math: environmental factors HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to that can provide clues understand problems and to guide to the identification of the solution of multi-step skeletal remains problems; choose and interpret  Discuss the significance units consistently in formulas; of isotopes in choose and interpret the scale and determining where the origin in graphs and data someone lived displays  Describe methods used to analyze skeletal remains, including radiology, computer imaging, DNA technology, video or photographic superimposition, and craniofacial reconstruction Chapter 15:  Describe the three Chemistry: the HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Combining silica, lime, and major components of components of different solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual sodium oxide at very high glass types of glass real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of temperatures forms most types  Compare and contrast breaking it down into science. of glass. Heat resistant glass is soda glass, lead glass Physics: reflection and smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a made for cooking and laboratory (crystal), and heat- refraction; why fracture manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying use. Glass used in different resistant glass patterns for in glass, that can be solved out experiments locations of vehicles has Snell’s Law through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning

19 different properties intended to  List and describe the HS-PS1-3 Plan and of symbols, key terms and phrases. protect the inhabitants of the physical properties of Mathematics: conduct an RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual vehicle. Glass can be identified glass calculation of density; investigation to gather evidence to support analysis of by the compounds used to make  Calculate the density of solving equations for an evidence to compare science. it, its density, and its refractive glass samples unknown the structure of RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a index. By analyzing the fracture  Estimate the refractive substances at the bulk multistep procedure when carrying patterns that form when glass is index of glass using the scale to infer the out experiments. hit, investigators can determine submersion method strength of electrical RST.11-12.4 Determine the what type of object hit the glass, and Becke lines forces between meaning of symbols, key terms and roughly how fast it was moving,  Distinguish between particles. phrases. and from which direction it radial and concentric WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments came. If multiple objects hit the fractures in terms of focused on science content. same piece of glass, their appearance, how WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments investigators may be able to tell they formed, and their focused on science content. the order of the impacts by location on fractured analyzing the fracture patterns. glass Math:  Summarize and HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to describe the understand problems and to guide information that can be the solution of multi-step gained by analyzing problems; choose and interpret bullet hole(s) in units consistently in formulas; fractured glass choose and interpret the scale and  Compare and contrast the origin in graphs and data laminated, tempered or displays. safety glass, and bullet- resistant glass in terms HSA.CED.A.1Create equations and of structure, use and inequalities in one variable and use fracture pattern them to solve problems. Include  Describe how to equations arising from linear and properly collect and quadratic functions, and simple document glass rational and exponential functions. evidence  Summarize the ways to HSG.SRT.D.11 Understand and determine whether two apply the Law of Sines and the Law glass fragments are of Cosines to find unknown consistent measurements in right and non- right triangles (e.g., surveying problems, resultant forces).

Chapter 16:  Provide examples of Biology: size of feet HS-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Evidence in the form of how impression versus height solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual impressions is often found at evidence gives clues real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of the scene of a crime. There are about the crime scene, Physics: friction breaking it down into science. three kinds of impressions: person(s) at the scene, smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a latent, patent, and plastic. Each and events that Mathematics: tables manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying kind of impression tells an occurred at the scene and graphs; diameter, that can be solved out experiments important part of what  Provide well-supported radius, circumference through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning happened at the scene of a arguments that HS-LS1-1 Construct an of symbols, key terms and phrases. crime. Foot, shoe, and tire evidence such as foot, explanation based on RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual impressions can be collected. shoe, and dental evidence for how the evidence to support analysis of From tire tracks, investigators impressions is usually structure of DNA science. can obtain width and wheelbase considered class determines the RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a information that will help evidence structure of proteins multistep procedure when carrying identify a vehicle. Bite marks  Distinguish among that carry out the out experiments. can also be used but are not as latent, patent, and essential functions of RST.11-12.4 Determine the reliable. One of the most plastic impressions life through systems of meaning of symbols, key terms and important aspects of working  Summarize the specialized cells. phrases. with impressions in forensic significance of foot and WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments investigations is the need for shoe impression focused on science content. investigators to observe and evidence, and outline WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well record observations carefully at procedures for as more sustained research the crime scene because of the collecting impression projects to answer a question or transitory nature of impressions. evidence from different solve a problem. Shoe, footprint, tire tread, and types of surfaces WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments bite mark impression evidence is  Describe the features focused on science content. considered class evidence unless of tire impressions and WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as something unique personalized skid marks used to help well as more sustained research the item making the mark. identify tire(s) or a projects to answer a question or vehicle’s wheelbase, solve a problem. track width, and/or turning diameter Math:  Compare and contrast HSN.Q.A.1 Use units as a way to skid marks, including understand problems and to guide how they are produced, the solution of multi-step when they are problems; choose and interpret produced, what they units consistently in formulas;

look like, and how they choose and interpret the scale and can be used to the origin in graphs and data reconstruct events displays. leading to a collision  Summarize the HSG.C.A.2Identify and describe methods used to relationships among inscribed produce an impression angles, radii, and chords. Include or cast the relationship between central,  Analyze impression inscribed, and circumscribed evidence to determine angles; inscribed angles on a if it is consistent with diameter are right angles; the evidence from a crime radius of a circle is perpendicular to scene the tangent where the radius intersects the circle

Chapter 17:  Describe how forensic Biology: tool marks on HS-ETS1-2 Design a RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual One of the most common kinds investigators analyze bone solution to a complex evidence to support analysis of of physical evidence left at a evidence from tools real-world problem by science. crime scene is a tool mark. and tool marks to help Chemistry: chemical breaking it down into RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a Tools, even those manufactured solve crimes properties of smaller, more multistep procedure when carrying in bulk, develop unique  Describe variations in magnesium; silicone manageable problems out experiments characteristics that can be used tool surfaces that could casting material that can be solved RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning to identify them. There are be used to identify through engineering. of symbols, key terms and phrases. three major categories of tool specific tools Mathematics: HS-PS1-2 Construct RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual marks: indentation marks,  Compare and contrast measurement and scale; and revise an evidence to support analysis of abrasion marks, and cutting the three major types algorithms explanation for the science. marks. The first thing an of tool marks and outcome of a simple RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a investigator does, when finding provide examples of chemical reaction multistep procedure when carrying a tool or tool marks at a crime tools that produce based in the out experiments. scene, is to photograph the those types of marks outermost electron RST.11-12.4 Determine the evidence using oblique lighting.  Provide examples of states of atoms, meaning of symbols, key terms and Careful observation of the crime foreign materials found trends in the periodic phrases. scene, including examining tools in tool marks, and table, and knowledge WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments or tool marks for foreign elaborate on how this of the patterns of focused on science content. materials and fingerprints, is evidence can be used chemical properties. WHST.9-10.2 Write essential. A cast may be made to link a suspect to a informative/explanatory texts, of the tool mark, which is also crime scene including the narration of historical taken back to a lab for analysis. events, scientific

Tools are bagged according to  Analyze and process a procedures/experiments or proper evidence collection crime scene at which technical processes. procedure. Technology such as tools were used to WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well a tool-mark image database and commit the crime as more sustained research profilometry can help  Outline the sequence projects to answer a question or investigators link tools and tool of procedures for solve a problem. marks to suspects and crime photographing, WHST.11-12.1 Write arguments scenes. Tool-mark evidence, documenting, casting focused on science content. although circumstantial, has and collecting evidence WHST.11-12.2 Write helped link suspects to crimes. from tools and tool informative/explanatory texts, marks including the narration of historical  Justify the claim that events, scientific tool-mark evidence is procedures/experiments or usually considered technical processes. circumstantial WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as  Discuss the role of well as more sustained research technology in crime- projects to answer a question or scene analysis of tools solve a problem. and tool marks  Describe the roles of Math: the Scientific Working HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to Groups (SWGs) and understand problems and to guide Organization of the solution of multi-step Scientific Area problems; choose and interpret Committees (OSAC) in units consistently in formulas; the improvement of choose and interpret the scale and evidence reliability the origin in graphs and data displays

Chapter 18:  Compare and contrast Physics: gravity, S-ETS1-2 Design a Literacy: Modern firearms can be either the different types of projectile motion, solution to a complex RST.9-10.1 Cite specific textual long guns, such a srifles or firearms, including velocity, trajectory real-world problem by evidence to support analysis of shotguns, or handguns, such as handguns, rifles, and breaking it down into science. revolvers and semi-automatics. shotguns Mathematics: smaller, more RST.9-10.3 Follow precisely a Firearms fire projectiles, which,  Put in order the measurement, manageable problems multistep procedure when carrying along with primer powder, sequence of events diameter, solving that can be solved out experiments gunpowder, and casing material, that result in a firearm proportions, through engineering. RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning make up the cartridge. discharging of symbols, key terms and phrases.

Shotguns fire shot or slugs.  Estimate the trajectory Pythagorean theorem, HS-PS2-1 Analyze data RST.11-12.1 Cite specific textual Bullets are classified by caliber, of a projectile trigonometry to support the claim evidence to support analysis of which is the measure of the  Discuss the that Newton’s second science. inside of a rifled firearm and the composition and law of motion RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a diameter of the bullet. Each formation of gunshot describes the multistep procedure when carrying firearm leaves unique markings, residue and its mathematical out experiments. or rifling marks, on bullets as reliability as a source of relationship among RST.11-12.4 Determine the they are fired. These markings evidence the net force on a meaning of symbols, key terms and allow investigators to compare a  Compar and contrast macroscopic object, its phrases. spent bullet to the gun that fired entrance and exit mass and its WHST.9-10.7 Conduct short as well it. Further, by calculating a wounds, including size, acceleration. as more sustained research bullet’s trajectory, or path, an shape, gunshot residue, 1-PS4-1 Plan and projects to answer a question or investigator may be able to and the presences of conduct investigations solve a problem. trace the path of a bullet back to burns to provide evidence WHST.11-12.7 Conduct short as the location of the shooter.  Distinguish among the that vibrating well as more sustained research various forms of materials can make projects to answer a question or firearms evidence, sound and that sound solve a problem. including rifling, can make materials markings on cartridges, vibrate. Math: marks on projectiles, HSN.Q.A.1Use units as a way to and gunshot residue understand problems and to guide  Discuss how technology the solution of multi-step has improved the problems; choose and interpret ability to obtain, units consistently in formulas; compare, analyze, choose and interpret the scale and store, and retrieve the origin in graphs and data firearm and ballistics displays. evidence  Process and/or analyze HSG.SRT.C.8Use trigonometric a crime scene for ratios and the Pythagorean firearm and ballistics Theorem to solve right triangles in evidence applied problems.

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading MMM18

Key Ideas and Details 1. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.

2. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 3. Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.

Craft and Structure 4. Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. 5. Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole. 6. Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text.

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

7. Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.* 8. Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence. 9. Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10. Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing

Text Types and Purposes 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. 2. Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. 3. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured event sequences.

Production and Distribution of Writing 4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. 5. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. 6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. 8. Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism. 9. Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Range of Writing 10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.