Christoph Wulf

Educational Science Hermeneutics, Empirical Research, Critical Theory

i Waxmann Munster/New York Milnchen/Berlin Table of Contents

Introduction 9

Part One: Humanist Pedagogics 13

I. The Historicity of Education and Educational Science 17 II. The Significance of Hermeneutics for Educational Science ... 22 III. The Autonomy of Education and Educational Science 28 IV. The Pedagogical Relationship 31 V. Theory and Practice in Education 34 Summary and Outlook 40

Part Two: Empirical Educational Science 43

VI. The Empirical Approach to Educational Science: Historical Perspectives 48 1. Lay and Meumann's Experimental Pedagogics 48 2. Else and Peter Petersen's Study of Pedagogical Facts 51 3. Aloys Fischer and Rudolf Lochner's Descriptive Pedagogics . 54 4. The "Realistic Turn" in Educational Science (Heinrich Roth) 56 VII. Critical Rationalism in Educational Science 59 1. Educational Science 60 a) Educational Theory 61 b) The Historiography of Education 62 2. Philosophy of Education 64 a) Epistemology of Pedagocial Statements 64 b) Moral Philosophy of Education 64 3. Practical Pedagogics 66 4. Critique 68 Vffl. The Scientific Programme of Critical Rationalism 70 1. Definition and Explication of Concepts 70 2. The Operationalisation of Concepts 72 3. Scientific Affirmations 73 4. The Falsification of Theories and Hypotheses 75 5. Technology as a Field for the Application of Theories 78 6. Value Judgements, Base Values, and Evaluations 79 7. Further Developments in Critical Rationalism 80 IX. Engaged Empirical Research 83 Summary and Outlook 87

Part Three: Critical Educational Science 93

X. Critical Theory: Historical Perspectives 97 1. Traditional and Critical Theory (Horkheimer) 97 2. Horkheimer's and Adorno's Dialectics of Enlightenment ... 99 3. Negative Dialectics (Adorno) 101 4. One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse) 102 5. Knowledge and Human Interests (Habermas) 105 XI. Main Concepts of Critical Theory 108 1. Enlightenment 104 2. Emancipation Ill 3. Reification 115 4. Criticism 116 5. Society 118 6. Communication - Discourse 119 7. Theory/Practice 121 XII. Critical Theory of Education 128 1. Attempts Towards a Critical Theory of Education 131 2. Proposals for a Critical Theory of Education and Development . 133 3. Theories of the Educational Process 134 Summary and Outlook 137

Conclusion: Educational Knowledge and Historical Anthropology . . 141 Presentation of Principal Authors 147 Bibliography 153