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Problems of the Baroque in 1975
T HESAVRVS BOLETÍN DEL INSTITUTO CARO Y CUERVO TOMO XXX Mayo-Agosto 1975 NÚMERO 2 PROBLEMS OF THE BAROQUE IN 1975 The following article does not try to continué the "Cri- tical survey of the Baroque theories" which I presented in this periodical IV (1948), 461-491, since this survey actually was continued in my book Estudios sobre el Barroco (Madrid, Gre- dos 1966, second edition 1973). Today I am rather interested in actual problems generally recognized as central, and in the attempt at their Solutions. There is agreement now on the fact that the transition from Renaissance to Baroque is such a slow process that it filis a whole period (roughly 1520 to 1600) which art historians cali Mannerism. One tried there- fore first to find criteria for the distinction of these two histo- rical phaenomena, Mannerism and Baroque, and to explain their fundamental differences and their possible overlappings. The second problem was, how the thus chronologically new- ly fixed Baroque fades out into something new which some believe to be the Classicism (particularly in France), which others, like the art historians, believe to be the Rococó. The latter still very debated concept supposes in retrospect a kind of coincidence between Classicism and Baroque. Furthermore, envisioning all this from a European and comparative view- point supposes time lags between the domination of a style trend in different countries, supposes the concept of dying and 210 HELMUT HATZFELD BICC, XXX, 1975 upcoming literatures, supposes the reckoning with the un- settled question of originis, and most of all, the importance of the psychological and sociological background which can- not be everywhere the same. -
Barcelona and the Paradox of the Baroque by Jorge Luis Marzo1
Barcelona and the Paradox of the Baroque By Jorge Luis Marzo1 Translation by Mara Goldwyn Catalan historiography constructed, even from its very beginnings, the idea that Catalunya was not Baroque; that is, Baroque is something not very "proper" to Catalunya. The 17th and 18th centuries represent the dark Baroque age, in contrast with a magnificent Medieval and Renaissance era, during which the kingdom of Catalunya and Aragón played an important international role in a large part of the Mediterranean. The interpretation suggests that Catalunya was Baroque despite itself; a reading that, from the 19th century on - when it is decided that all negative content about Baroque should be struck from the record in order to transform it into a consciously commercial and urban logo - makes implicit that any reflection on such content or Baroque itself will be schizophrenic and paradoxical. Right up to this day. Though the (always Late-) Baroque style was present in buildings, embellishments and paintings, it however did not have an official environment in which to expand and legitimate itself, nor urban spaces in which to extend its setup (although in Tortosa, Girona, and other cities there were important Baroque features). The Baroque style was especially evident in rural churches, but as a result of the occupation of principle Catalan plazas - particularly by the Bourbon crown of Castile - principal architectonic realizations were castles and military forts, like the castle of Montjuic or the military Citadel in Barcelona. Public Baroque buildings hardly existed: The Gothic ones were already present and there was little necessity for new ones. At the same time, there was more money in the private sphere than in the public for building, so Baroque programs were more subject to family representation than to the strictly political. -
Modernism Without Modernity: the Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Mauro F
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Management Papers Wharton Faculty Research 6-2004 Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Mauro F. Guillen University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, and the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons Recommended Citation Guillen, M. F. (2004). Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940. Latin American Research Review, 39 (2), 6-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0032 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers/279 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Abstract : Why did machine-age modernist architecture diffuse to Latin America so quickly after its rise in Continental Europe during the 1910s and 1920s? Why was it a more successful movement in relatively backward Brazil and Mexico than in more affluent and industrialized Argentina? After reviewing the historical development of architectural modernism in these three countries, several explanations are tested against the comparative evidence. Standards of living, industrialization, sociopolitical upheaval, and the absence of working-class consumerism are found to be limited as explanations. As in Europe, Modernism -
Catalan Modernism and Vexillology
Catalan Modernism and Vexillology Sebastià Herreros i Agüí Abstract Modernism (Modern Style, Modernisme, or Art Nouveau) was an artistic and cultural movement which flourished in Europe roughly between 1880 and 1915. In Catalonia, because this era coincided with movements for autonomy and independence and the growth of a rich bourgeoisie, Modernism developed in a special way. Differing from the form in other countries, in Catalonia works in the Modern Style included many symbolic elements reflecting the Catalan nationalism of their creators. This paper, which follows Wladyslaw Serwatowski’s 20 ICV presentation on Antoni Gaudí as a vexillographer, studies other Modernist artists and their flag-related works. Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Josep Puig i Cadafalch, Josep Llimona, Miquel Blay, Alexandre de Riquer, Apel·les Mestres, Antoni Maria Gallissà, Joan Maragall, Josep Maria Jujol, Lluís Masriera, Lluís Millet, and others were masters in many artistic disciplines: Architecture, Sculpture, Jewelry, Poetry, Music, Sigillography, Bookplates, etc. and also, perhaps unconsciously, Vexillography. This paper highlights several flags and banners of unusual quality and national significance: Unió Catalanista, Sant Lluc, CADCI, Catalans d’Amèrica, Ripoll, Orfeó Català, Esbart Català de Dansaires, and some gonfalons and flags from choral groups and sometent (armed civil groups). New Banner, Basilica of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 506 Catalan Modernism and Vexillology Background At the 20th International Conference of Vexillology in Stockholm in 2003, Wladyslaw Serwatowski presented the paper “Was Antonio Gaudí i Cornet (1852–1936) a Vexillographer?” in which he analyzed the vexillological works of the Catalan architectural genius Gaudí. -
Manifiesto De La Alhambra English
Fernando Chueca Goitia and others The Alhambra Manifesto (1953) Translated by Jacob Moore Word Count: 2,171 Source: Manifiesto de la Alhambra (Madrid, Dirección General de Arquitectura, 1953). Republished as El Manifiesto de la Alhambra: 50 años después: el monumento y la arquitectura contemporánea, ed. Ángel Isac, (Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, Consejería de Cultura, Junta de Andalucía : Tf Editores, 2006) 356-375. We, the signers of this Manifesto, do not want to be pure iconoclasts, for we are already too weary of such abrupt and arbitrary turns. So people will say: “Why the need for a Manifesto, a term which, almost by definition, implies a text that is dogmatic and revolutionary, one that breaks from the past, a public declaration of a new credo?” Simply put, because reality, whose unequivocal signs leave no room for doubt, is showing us that the ultimate traditionalist posture, which architecture adopted after the war of Liberation, can already no longer be sustained and its tenets are beginning to fall apart. […] Today the moment of historical resurrections has passed. There is no use denying it; just as one cannot deny the existence of the Renaissance in its time or that of the nineteenth century archaeological revivals. The arts have tired of hackneyed academic models and of cold, lifeless copies, and seek new avenues of expression that, though lacking the perfection of those that are known, are more radical and authentic. But one must also not forget that the peculiar conditions implicit in all that is Spanish require that, within the global historical movement, we move forward, we would not say with a certain prudence, but yes, adjusting realities in our own way. -
Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas
5 Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas has been part of the international avant-garde since the nineteen-seventies and has been named the Pritzker Rem Koolhaas Architecture Prize for the year 2000. This book, which builds on six canonical projects, traces the discursive practice analyse behind the design methods used by Koolhaas and his office + OMA. It uncovers recurring key themes—such as wall, void, tur montage, trajectory, infrastructure, and shape—that have tek structured this design discourse over the span of Koolhaas’s Essays on the History of Ideas oeuvre. The book moves beyond the six core pieces, as well: It explores how these identified thematic design principles archi manifest in other works by Koolhaas as both practical re- Ingrid Böck applications and further elaborations. In addition to Koolhaas’s individual genius, these textual and material layers are accounted for shaping the very context of his work’s relevance. By comparing the design principles with relevant concepts from the architectural Zeitgeist in which OMA has operated, the study moves beyond its specific subject—Rem Koolhaas—and provides novel insight into the broader history of architectural ideas. Ingrid Böck is a researcher at the Institute of Architectural Theory, Art History and Cultural Studies at the Graz Ingrid Böck University of Technology, Austria. “Despite the prominence and notoriety of Rem Koolhaas … there is not a single piece of scholarly writing coming close to the … length, to the intensity, or to the methodological rigor found in the manuscript -
Catalonian Architectural Identity
Catalan Identity as Expressed Through Architecture Devon G. Shifflett HIST 348-01: The History of Spain November 18, 2020 1 Catalonia (Catalunya) is an autonomous community in Spain with a unique culture and language developed over hundreds of years. This unique culture and language led to Catalans developing a concept of Catalan identity which encapsulates Catalonia’s history, cuisine, architecture, culture, and language. Catalan architects have developed distinctly Catalan styles of architecture to display Catalan identity in a public and physical setting; the resulting buildings serve as a physical embodiment of Catalan identity and signify spaces within Catalan cities as distinctly Catalonian. The major architectural movements that accomplish this are Modernisme, Noucentisme, and Postmodernism. These architectural movements have produced unique and beautiful buildings in Catalonia that serve as symbols for Catalan national unity. Catalonia’s long history, which spans thousands of years, contributes heavily to the development of Catalan identity and nationalism. Various Celtiberian tribes initially inhabited the region of Iberia that later became Catalonia.1 During the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), Rome began its conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, which was occupied by the Carthaginians and Celtiberians, and established significant colonies around the Pyrennees mountain range that eventually become Barcelona and Tarragona; it was during Roman rule that Christianity began to spread throughout Catalonia, which is an important facet of Catalan identity.2 Throughout the centuries following Roman rule, the Visigoths, Frankish, and Moorish peoples ruled Catalonia, with Moorish rule beginning to flounder in the tenth-century.3 Approximately the year 1060 marked the beginning of Catalan independence; throughout this period of independence, Catalonia was very prosperous and contributed heavily to the Reconquista.4 This period of independence did not last long, though, with Catalonia and Aragon's union beginning in 1 Thomas N. -
Bioclimatic Devices of Nasrid Domestic Buildings
Bioclimatic Devices of Nasrid Domestic Buildings Luis José GARCÍA-PULIDO studies in ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY & CULTURE papers by the 2011-2012 AKPIA@MIT visiting fellows AKPIA@MIT 2 The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 2011-2012 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6.1.A.1. Control of Spaces and Natural Light 6.1.A.2. Reflecting Surfaces 2. CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE PAST AND THEIR INFLUENCES 6.1.A.3. North-South Orientation 6.1.A.4. Microclimate Provided by Courtyards IN SOCIETIES 6.1.A.5. Spatial Dispositions around the Courtyard. The 2.1. The Roman Climatic Optimum Sequence Patio-Portico-Qubba/Tower 2.2. The Early Medieval Pessimum 6.1.B. Indirect Methods of Passive Refrigeration (Heat 2.3. The Medieval Warm Period Dissipation) 2.4. The Little Ice Age 6.1.B.1. Ventilation 6.1.B.2. Radiation 6.1.B.3. Evaporation and Evapotranspiration 3. BUILDING AGAINST A HARSH CLIMATE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD 7. BIOCLIMATIC DEVICES IN OTHER ISLAMIC REGIONS 3.1. Orientation and Flexibility WITH COMPARABLE CLIMATOLOGY TO THE SOUTHEAST 3.2. Shading IBERIAN PENINSULA 3.3. Ventilation 7.1 The North West of Maghreb 7.1.1. The Courtyard House in the Medinas of North Maghreb 4. COURTYARD HOUSES 7.2 The Anatolian Peninsula 4.1. The Sequence from the Outside to the Courtyard 7.2.1. Mediterranean Continental Climate 4.2. Taming the Climate 7.2.2. Mediterranean Marine Climate 7.2.3. Mediterranean Mountainous Climate 5. NASRID HOUSE TYPOLOGY 7.2.4. Dry and Hot Climate 7.2.5. -
Grace Rochfort
Rochfort: Classicism and Anti-Classicism Agora Rochfort 1 Classicism and Anti-Classicism in the Quintessentially Romantic Grace Rochfort (Editor’s Note: The two Delacroix paintings mentioned in this essay are available through these two links: www.mystudios.com/.../delacroix-dante.htmland www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/delacroix/) At the turn of the nineteenth century, two different groups of idealists had formed; both were unhappy with the state of the world, but each had its own ideas about how to effect change. It was a battle between the head and the heart. Classicists chose to use intellect and had a responsibility toward civic duty, while Romantics opted to follow emotion and were individualistic. Washington Irving’sTales of the Alhambra is a quintessentially Romantic work that defies all Classicism. Contrasting this are Eugene Delacroix’s paintings, which are a combination of Romanticism and Neo-Classicism. When compared, the distinct themes of Classicism and anti-Classicism help to create a tension between the works and give them intrigue. Eugene Delacroix was an innovative and revolutionary Romantic painter who embellished his creations with imaginative detail. His earliest paintings were based on hearsay, legends, and the imagination of other writers and artists. In 1832, he traveled to Morocco, where the subjects and themes that he was seeking in many of his paintings came to life. In the same year, Irving publishedTales of the Alhambra, a short story that captures the exoticism of the palace in Granada, Spain. Irving got so caught up in the foreign culture that one evening, when Published by Digital Showcase @ University of Lynchburg, 2007 1 Agora, Vol. -
La Alhambra in Granada, One of the Most Beautiful and Admired Monuments in the Wold
La Alhambra in Granada, one of the most beautiful and admired monuments in the wold. An old legend says that the Alhambra was built by night, in the light of torches. Its reddish dawn did believe the people of Grenada that the color was like the strength of the blood. The Alhambra, a monument of Granada for Spain and the world. La Alhambra was so called because of its reddish walls (in Arabic, («qa'lat al-Hamra'» means Red Castle ). It is located on top of the hill al-Sabika, on the left bank of the river Darro, to the west of the city of Granada and in front of the neighbourhoods of the Albaicin and of the Alcazaba. The Alhambra is one of the most serenely sensual and beautiful buildings in the world, a place where Moorish art and architecture reached their pinnacle. A masterpiece for you to admire, and it is in Granada, a city full of culture and history. Experience the beauty and admire this marvel of our architectural heritage. Let it touch your heart. Granada is the Alhambra and the gardens, the Cathedral, the Royal Chapel, convents and monasteries, the old islamic district Albayzin where the sunset is famous in the world or the Sacromonte where the gypsies perform flamenco shows in the caves where they used to live...Granada is this and many more things. The Alhambra is located on a strategic point in Granada city, with a view over the whole city and the meadow ( la Vega ), and this fact leads to believe that other buildings were already on that site before the Muslims arrived. -
65 – Alhambra. Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354-1391 C.E., Whitewashed Adobe, Stucco, Wood, Tile, Paint, and Gilding
65 – Alhambra. Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty. 1354-1391 C.E., Whitewashed adobe, stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding. (4 images) “the red female” – reflects the color of red clay of which the fort is made built originally as a medieval stronghold – castle, palace, and residential annex for subordinates o citadel is the oldest part, then the Moorish rulers(Nasrid) palaces . palace of Charles V (smaller Renaissance) built where part of the original Alhambra (including original main entrance) was torn down Royal complex had (for the wives and mistresses): running water (cold and hot) and pressurized water for showering – bathroom were open to the elements to allow light and air Court of the Lions o Oblong courtyard (116 x 66 ft) with surrounding gallery supported on 124 white marble columns (irregularly placed), filigree wall o Fountain – figures of twelve lions: symbols of strength, power, and sovereignty . Poem on fountain (written by Ibn Zamrak) praises the beauty of fountain and the power of the lions and describes the ingeious hydraulic systems –which baffled all who saw them (that made each of the lions in turn produce water from its mouth – one each hour) reflection of the culture of the last centuries of the Moorish rule of Al Andalus, reduced to the Nasrid Emirate of Granada (conquered by Spanish Christians in 1392) Artistic choices: reproduced the same forms and trends + creating a new style o Isolation from rest of Islam + relations with Christian kingdoms influenced building styles o No master plan for the total site o Muslim art in its final European stages – only consistent theme: “paradise on earth” o Red, blue, and a golden yellow (faded by time and exposure) are main colors o Decoration: mostly Arabic inscriptions made into geometric patterns made into arabesques (rhythmic linear patterns) Court of the Lions Hall of the Sisters . -
Guió Casa Amatller-CAST WEB2017
LA CASA AMATLLER índice 1-La familia Amatller -Antoni Amatller Costa • Industrial Chocolatero • Fotógrafo viajero • coleccionista de objetos arqueológicos y obras de arte -Teresa Amatller Cros 2-El arquitecto -José Puig y Cadafalch: Vida y Obra 3-La Casa Amatller -1875 la casa -1898-1900 - remodelación de Josep Puig i Cadafalch • La fachada • El vestíbulo • El interior del piso principal 4-La transformación de la Manzana de la Discordia -Modernisme v. Plan Cerdà -1898-1900 - casa Amatller -1902-1904 - casa Lleó i Morera -1904-1906 - casa Batlló -La historia de la manzana de la discordia y la guerra de Troya 5-Evolución de la Casa hasta nuestros días: Fundación Instituto Amatller de Arte Hispánico -Instituto Amatller de Arte Hispánico • Biblioteca • Fototeca y archivo -Casa-Museo Amatller 1 CASA AMATLLER 1-La familia Amatller Antoni Amatller Costa nació en Barcelona en 1851, en el seno de una familia de chocolateros, y se convertirá en un representante de la burguesía ilustrada catalana del cambio de siglo, surgida de la Renaixença y que entre otras cosas hizo posible el modernismo gracias a su mecenazgo. Se casó con Cándida Cros Circuns, y tuvieron una hija, Teresa Amatller Cros. El matrimonio se separó, y tal como se especifica en los capítulos de separación, Teresa iría a vivir con su padre a la edad de 4 años. Antoni Amatller no se volvió a casar nunca. Cándida se fue a vivir a Italia y cuando enviudó en 1910 se volvió a casar. Su hija Teresa nunca perdió el contacto con su madre, durante la Guerra Civil Española emigró a Italia con la madre y terminada la guerra la trajo de nuevo a Barcelona comprándole un piso en la calle Vía Augusta.