Marlon Brando Un Acteur Nommé Désir SOMMAIRE Éditorial Apocalypse Now 1 La Naissance D’Un Mythe 47 L’Horreur Du Décor Rayan Chelbani Jérôme Blondé

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Marlon Brando Un Acteur Nommé Désir SOMMAIRE Éditorial Apocalypse Now 1 La Naissance D’Un Mythe 47 L’Horreur Du Décor Rayan Chelbani Jérôme Blondé La Revue du Ciné-club universitaire, 2020, no 2 Marlon Brando Un acteur nommé désir SOMMAIRE Éditorial Apocalypse Now 1 La naissance d’un mythe 47 L’horreur du décor Rayan Chelbani Jérôme Blondé Un acteur nommé désir Marlon Brando, une masculinité 3 53 sauvage et ambiguë Elias Manuel Abou-Charaf Cerise Dumont 7 Un homme de (peu de) parole 59 Branding Brando Jean-Michel Bozetto-Fernandez Almudena Jiménez Virosta Le dernier tango ou 31 l’ultime performance Rayan Chelbani Un cycle Brando sans 43 le dernier tango Quand agression ne rime plus avec fiction Diana Barbosa Pereira, Noémie Baume, Giulia Comandini, Margaux Terradas et Jeanne Richard Illustration 1ère de couverture: Guys and Dolls (Joseph L. Mankiewicz, 1955). Recevoir la Revue du Groupe de travail du Ciné-club universitaire Rayan Chelbani, Almudena Jiménez Virosta, Jérôme Blondé, Ciné-club universitaire Jean-Michel Bozetto-Fernandez, Elias Manuel Abou-Charaf, gratuitement chez vous? Cerise Dumont Division de la formation et des étudiants (DIFE) Abonnez-vous! Activités culturelles de l’Université responsable: Ambroise Barras en 1 minute sur culture.unige.ch/revue coordination et édition: Christophe Campergue graphisme: Julien Jespersen Éditorial La naissance d’un mythe Collection Cinémathèque suisse. Tous droits réservés. droits Tous suisse. Cinémathèque Collection Par Rayan Chelbani econde moitié des années 1940, ville de New York. Il fut également l’intraitable metteur en scène d’un seul L’Amérique sort victorieuse de la Seconde Guerre et unique chef-d’œuvre qui, de manière regrettable, sera S mondiale: c’est une nation en pleine effervescence son seul essai derrière la caméra: La vengeance aux deux économique et culturelle, face à une Europe sur le déclin, visages. Il ne se contenta pas uniquement de pratiquer des affaiblie, meurtrie. Nombre de jeunes Américains afflue- métiers aussi prestigieux. Il devint aussi un homme engagé, ront vers la Big Apple: un lieu où tout semble possible, un un militant s’identifiant à ses combats: ceux du mouvement espace au sein duquel quiconque peut se réinventer, un des Droits Civiques ou de la défense des Amérindiens. Mal- univers dans lequel d’aucuns touchent les étoiles. Parmi heureusement, il se fit aussi le paria d’Hollywood, un mi- eux, un jeune homme à la beauté angélique. Il semble rustre lieu auquel, de toute manière, il n’avait jamais réellement bien que non dénué de charme. Venant de la campagne du appartenu. Il fut aussi l’acteur qui avait trop enfanté au fil Nebraska, il a choisi une profession lui permettant de sur- de ses innombrables conquêtes amoureuses et érotiques. vivre dans la jungle urbaine: garçon d’ascenseur au ser- Le père absent de beaucoup d’enfants, dont un condamné vice d’un hôtel. pour meurtre: Christian Brando. Un beau jour, il aperçoit une jeune femme. Inconsciemment, Qui était réellement Marlon Brando? La virilité bestiale et il décide de la suivre. Soudain, il remarque qu’elle entre destructrice du Tramway nommé désir? Le délinquant avide dans un bâtiment où sont pratiqués les arts dramatiques. de pureté de Sur les quais? Le patriarche mafieux charis- Il fait irruption, fait la rencontre de la professeure Stella matique du Parrain? L’homme d’une quarantaine d’années Adler: elle deviendra son mentor, sa muse qui l’initiera au écorché vif du Dernier tango à Paris? Malgré les nombreuses métier d’acteur. Elle devine d’ores et déjà le talent halluci- étiquettes que le public, la presse et ses proches ont voulu nant dont le jeune homme fera preuve; ce génie se nomme lui assigner, il est préférable de le désigner sobrement (à Brando. Marlon Brando: un nom qui résonne encore et tou- l’instar du célèbre René Char qui résuma parfaitement Ar- jours dans les esprits d’Amérique (et du monde). Un acteur thur Rimbaud): Brando l’acteur. Cela suffit, cela est infini. dont le génie de composition aura influencé nombre de lé- gendes du 7ème art. Un homme dont l’enfance sinistrée aura Julius Caesar (Joseph L. Munckiewicz, 1953). éternellement marqué ses interprétations. 1 Collection Cinémathèque suisse. Tous droits réservés. Un acteur nommé désir Un tramway nommé désir, c’est avant tout la pièce de théâtre du fameux dramaturge américain Tennessee Williams. Lorsque celle-ci ouvre ses portes à Broadway en décembre 1947, le théâtre américain s’en retrouve changé à jamais. Mais là où Broadway voit une forme révolutionnaire de drame intime, les studios de cinéma hollywoodiens retiennent ce qui les intéresse: un énorme profit monétaire. Par Elias Manuel Abou-Charaf Du théâtre au grand écran a popularité du Tramway en tant que production scé- toujours autour du viol; la mise en scène de l’homosexualité nique et, plus important encore, sa notoriété ins- dans la pièce reste dominante; et Blanche semble toujours L tantanée en tant qu’événement majeur de la culture vaguement nymphomane. Le réalisateur Elia Kazan a édul- américaine, promettent un festin au box-office. Et pourtant, coré le passé lubrique de Blanche et l’homosexualité, mais Hollywood ne peut s’empêcher de se sentir schizophrène à il est catégorique sur le viol de Blanche par Stanley. Comme l’idée d’adapter cette pièce à l’écran. Le bureau Breen d’Hol- Tennessee Williams l’a dit avec éloquence dans une lettre lywood, chargé par les studios de contrôler leurs projets pour au Breen Office, tout autre changement serait grossier, car ce que nous appelons maintenant les «valeurs familiales», la pièce est déjà «un jeu extrêmement et particulièrement fait savoir que le Tramway, aussi rentable soit-il, serait la moral, dans le sens le plus profond et le plus vrai du mot». plus mauvaise des propriétés à adapter à l’écran. En choi- Williams annonce à Breen que le réalisateur Elia Kazan et sissant de l’adapter, Hollywood affirme son âge adulte et lui-même ne défendront aucun changement qui altérerait reconnaît sa responsabilité de dépeindre la société avec le fait que Stanley ait violé Blanche, avertissant Breen que des verrues intactes. L’histoire de la conquête brutale de la moralisation simpliste de Hollywood d’avant-guerre est Stanley Kowalski de Blanche Dubois, fragile et tragique, hypocrite à la suite de nouvelles réalités. est un test pour voir si Hollywood a grandi avec son public. Finalement, le bureau Breen capitule. Pour la première fois, Et c’est ainsi que les studios hollywoodiens ont lutté pen- le public est confronté à quelque chose qui n’est évidem- dant trois ans avec ce film: ce n’est qu’en avril 1950 qu’un ment pas un divertissement familial... Le tramway a franchi premier projet de scénario est prêt. Le producteur indépen- une barrière, et nous fait réfléchir de manière plus profonde dant Charles Feldman produit le film pour Warner Brothers; notre vision des choses. Toutes les personnes impliquées pour sa part, le bureau Breen s’inquiète. L’histoire tourne dans l’adaptation ont compris qu’un tournant a été franchi Un tramway nommé désir (Elia Kazan, 1951). 3 dans l’histoire de la censure. Au cours de la prochaine dé- tard que Mitch cherche une femme qu’il puisse ramener à cennie, un flot de films étrangers et sagaces de France, de la maison et présenter à sa mère mourante). Mitch est un Suède et d’Italie confirmeront l’image complexe de la mo- gentleman et ses attributs se démarquent rapidement de ralité du Tramway. Hollywood reviendra encore et encore la bande, attirant l’attention de Blanche. Au fur et à me- en faisant appel au travail de Tennessee Williams, chaque sure que le film progresse, elle se rend compte que même fois avec une volonté croissante de laisser sa vision magni- si Mitch est sensible, il lui manque la perspective roman- fiquement jaunâtre de la condition humaine s’exprimer. tique et la spiritualité, ainsi que sa compréhension de la poésie et de la littérature. Elle joue avec son intelligence et Des personnages complexes, une histoire tourmentée peut-être avec ses émotions en le taquinant, en s’amusant L’histoire du film est principalement concentrée autour de de ses charades auto-flatteuses et en rejetant à plusieurs trois personnages: Blanche Dubois (interprétée par Vivien reprises l’affection physique qu’il lui témoigne. Quelques Leigh), sa sœur Stella (Kim Hunter) chez temps plus tard, Mitch découvre la vérité qui elle vient se réfugier, et son beau- Si le jeune Marlon sur les indiscrétions de Blanche; il est frère Stanley Kowalski (incarné par Mar- Brando est pur cinéma, à la fois en colère et embarrassé par la lon Brando). Blanche arrive au quartier Vivien Leigh est façon dont elle l’a traité, si bien qu’il la du Faubourg Marigny à la Nouvelle-Or- franchement pur théâtre. confronte et décide de ne plus l’épouser. léans, sur une rue nommée Elysian Blanche est un personnage compliqué: Fields Avenue: c’est une belle du sud vieillissante, mélo- elle se dépeint comme une figure fragile et tragique. Dans le dramatique et qui dégage une allure de riche et belle mon- film, elle est toujours dans un éclairage tamisé, elle a peur daine. La réalité est que Blanche est secrètement alcoolique de la lumière car elle expose son âge véritable. Blanche et sans le sou. Une femme déchue aux yeux de la société. dépend de l’admiration sexuelle masculine pour son es- Stanley, le mari de Stella, est un ouvrier polonais sans fio- time de soi, ce qui signifie qu’elle a souvent cédé à l’inti- ritures. Il voit au travers des illusions de Blanche, n’a aucun mité avec des étrangers. Il y a beaucoup de conflits dans respect pour elle et ne lui fait pas du tout confiance. Blanche, ce Tramway.
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