Part One. Parts of the Sentence.
Identify the function of the underlined portion in sentences 1-26.
1. With his customary eagerness to begin his Scranton Prep school day, John Nicholson bounded into the school lobby and greeted Mrs. Nagurney, the assistant principal, with a cheerful “Good morning!” A. predicate nominative B. adjectival phrase C. appositive phrase D. noun clause
2. “Hello, John,” Mrs. Nagurney responded and smiled as John breezed past her on his way to find his friends, Frank Herndon, Buddy Adams, and Jim Timmons. A. past participial phrase B. adverbial clause C. noun clause D. infinitive phrase
3. Mrs. Nagurney noticed that John was carrying the latest edition of the popular magazine Nature Conservancy and remembered that he and most of his classmates were quite enthusiastic in their commitment to conservation. A. predicate nominative B. predicate adjective C. indirect object D. direct object
4. In fact, John had recently told her that he, Frank, Buddy, and Jim, as well as several other sophomore boys, were working on their forestry badges in their quest to become Eagle Scouts. Mrs. Nagurney had commended these students for their effort to achieve this highest rank in Boy Scouts of America. A. indirect object B. direct object C. object of the preposition D. predicate nominative
5. Seeing his friends at their third-floor lockers, John waved the magazine and said, “Wait until you see this awesome issue! It’s all about the centennial, the one-hundredth anniversary, of the National Park Service on August 25, 2016.” A. gerund phrase B. nonessential clause C. present participial phrase D. adverbial phrase
6. After these first honors students had filed into their homeroom, they all huddled as one to examine the glorious photographs of the national parks and to read the brief history of the founding of the National Park Service. A. gerund phrase B. adjectival phrase C. noun clause D. adverbial phrase
7. What made them so responsive to the magazine’s articles was that they had all worked for several weeks in Arcadia National Park in Maine, they all shared a love of hiking and camping, especially in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, and, most of all, they shared a great respect for Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth President of the United States, who is often referred to as the “conservation President.” A. essential clause B. adverbial clause C. noun phrase D. noun clause
1 8. “For me,” Jim reflected, “Teddy Roosevelt is a role model: a preservationist of America’s natural beauties, a public servant, a forward-thinking leader, and a war hero.” A. predicate nominative B. direct object C. indirect object D. object of the preposition
9. “Yes, Jim, you have certainly given a concise summary of his great legacy. Plus, don’t forget, at the age of forty-two, he became the youngest President of the United States when President William McKinley was assassinated,” added Buddy, an ardent Teddy Roosevelt fan. A. object of the preposition B. predicate adjective C. direct object D. predicate nominative
10. As other classmates arrived in homeroom, they too wished to see the magazine. Martha Coleman and her best friend Caroline Morris were amazed at the photographs of Sequoia National Park in California. A. adverbial clause B. essential clause C. adverbial phrase D. noun clause
11. After several moments of thought, Martha said, “Caroline, can you believe a sequoia or redwood can measure over 100 feet in circumference? Just look! One tree is named General Sherman in honor of the Civil War general. Get this, Caroline, General Sherman is reportedly the largest living organism in the world!” A. adjectival clause B. noun clause C. noun phrase D. adverbial phrase
12. Caroline, who had visited Sequoia National Park with her family the previous summer, nodded and could attest that these trees are truly magnificent. She reminded her friends of the legendary John Muir, for whom the old growth Muir Woods is named. A. adjectival phrase B. appositive phrase C. nonessential clause D. noun clause
13. As a point of explanation, John added, “The term ‘old growth’ refers to a forest that has attained great age without significant ecological changes or damages. I bet, Caroline, walking in Muir Woods gave you and all the other visitors the feeling that you were traveling back in time five hundred years. I have heard that people are very quiet or speak very softly during their visits.” A. indirect object B. object of the preposition C. predicate nominative D. direct object
14. As the morning progressed, the group soon made their way to their fifth-period American history class. David Ellison, also a candidate for the Eagle Scouts, suggested that they inform their teacher Mr. Yasinskas about their common interest in Teddy Roosevelt and the National Park Service. A. adjectival clause B. appositive phrase C. noun clause D. adjectival phrase
2 15. Ever attentive to his students’ environmental concerns and supportive of their conservation efforts, Mr. Yasinskas grinned approvingly when he spied John’s magazine lying on top of his history book. A. direct object B. object of the preposition C. predicate adjective D. indirect object
16. “John,” Mr. Yasinskas began, “when I received my copy of Nature Conservancy yesterday, I knew this issue would be of particular interest to you and your scouting friends. As a result, I think we should devote class time to this most important period in the evolution and development of American conservation.” A. verb phrase B. parenthetical expression C. noun phrase D. adverbial clause
17. “Right you are, Mr. Yasinskas!” chimed Caroline. “During homeroom, I was telling all of them about John Muir, the father of American conservation and the first president of the Sierra Club. You know, of course, this highly esteemed environmental organization was established in 1892. My dad loves the Sierra Club and has been a member since he was a Boy Scout, and that was a long time ago!” she giggled. A. indirect object B. direct object C. predicate adjective D. predicate nominative
18. Taking Caroline’s comment about Muir as the point to begin his lecture, Mr. Yasinskas explained that John Muir had emigrated from his native Scotland to the United States with his parents when he was a young boy. “In 1869, at the age of thirty-one, he left the unhealthy environment of city living and became a sheepherder in California near Yosemite Valley.” A. predicate nominative B. subject C. indirect object D. direct object
19. “Let me clarify that five years earlier in 1864, Congress had ceded or yielded Yellowstone Valley to California as a state park,” said Mr. Yasinskas. “Over the years, however, California had allowed private companies to organize summer vacations in this area for more than 1,000 tourists.” A. direct object B. predicate nominative C. object of the preposition D. gerund phrase
20. Frank nodded with great understanding, “Now I see what was happening. Needless to say, with the influx or increase of settlers, the areas around the valley became sites for logging, farming, and grazing. With much insight, Muir recognized the danger that humans, himself included, posed to the environment.” A. adverbial phrase B. gerund phrase C. infinitive phrase D. adjectival phrase
21. The studious Steve Brakefield observed, “Muir was very proactive for his time, but from my reading, I have learned that nearly forty years passed before Congress legislated proper protection for these vast national natural treasures. Once Americans were conscious of these most precious areas, it was only fitting that the National Park Service was created to protect the designated sites.” A. gerund phrase B. past participial phrase C. adjectival clause D. infinitive phrase
3 22. “You are absolutely correct, Steve,” the bubbly Brenda Veal added. “We all know that nature has a restorative or healthy effect on people, and that very understanding was a moving force behind the decision to create New York City’s Central Park in 1858.” A. predicate adjective B. indirect object C. predicate nominative D. direct object
23. “The open spaces and beauty of Central Park were available to New Yorkers of all social classes and gave them relief from the unwholesome smog and grime of their city environment. In fact,” she concluded, “Frederick Law Olmsted, one of the park’s designers, was appointed to oversee the protection of Yosemite.” A. appositive phrase B. adjectival phrase C. adjectival clause D. essential clause
24. Mr. Yasinskas praised Brenda’s comments for being right on target and pointed out that Congress named Yellowstone the first national park in 1872 and had secured 1,500 square miles surrounding Yosemite Valley as Yosemite National Park. A. infinitive phrase B. indirect object C. gerund phrase D. present participial phrase
25. Known for her impatience and quick sense of humor, Lily Bradley raised and waved her hand to the general amusement of her classmates and began talking a mile a minute. “Mr. Yasinskas, all this is informative as background, but when do we get to my hero Teddy Roosevelt and his great part in this important aspect of the American experience? May we refer to him as Teddy rather than Roosevelt? I just feel that he is so real and approachable and that calling him Teddy is not disrespectful in any way because we all admire him!” A. noun phrase B. past participial phrase C. adverbial phrase D. adverbial clause
26. “Okay! Okay, Lily! We will refer to him as Teddy, and we will soon get to the legendary Teddy, complete with his Rough Riders and the teddy bear! But first we need to examine the natural wonders and the importance of the redwoods or sequoias that Caroline introduced,” replied the reassuring Mr. Yasinskas. A. gerund phrase B. direct object C. appositive phrase D. noun phrase
Identify the type of subject and predicate in sentences 27-31.
27. Both Muir Woods, a national monument, and Yosemite, a national park, are known for their sequoia or redwood trees. A. simple subject, simple predicate B. simple subject, compound predicate C. compound subject, compound predicate D. compound subject, simple predicate
28. Redwoods appeared on Earth about 240 million years ago, thriving in such diverse areas as western North America and the coasts of Europe and Asia. A. simple subject, simple predicate B. simple subject, compound predicate C. compound subject, compound predicate D. compound subject, simple predicate
4 29. Now however, redwoods are only found from Big Sur in California to Oregon and can reach a height of nearly 300 feet or more. A. simple subject, simple predicate B. simple subject, compound predicate C. compound subject, compound predicate D. compound subject, simple predicate
30. Foresters and naturalists have determined the oldest coast redwood to be 2,000 years old but acknowledge some redwoods may be older. A. simple subject, simple predicate B. simple subject, compound predicate C. compound subject, compound predicate D. compound subject, simple predicate
31. Mountain lions, Coho salmon, marbled mullet, and a host of plants depend on redwood forests in California’s Santa Cruz Mountains to survive because this area has many microclimates and cool summertime fog and is mostly unpaved. A. simple subject, simple predicate B. simple subject, compound predicate C. compound subject, compound predicate D. compound subject, simple predicate
Part Two. Sentences: Structure and Purpose.
Identify the structure of sentences 32-37.
32. Redwoods live a long time because they are resistant to insects, fire, and rot. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
33. As a note of interest, the bark of a redwood can be one foot thick, and it contains tannin, which protects the tree from fire, fungus, and disease. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
34. This resilience has made redwoods very valuable to humans; as a consequence, at one time the building codes in San Francisco required redwood lumber in the foundation of new structures. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
35. With that final explanation, Lily seemed satisfied but was nevertheless ready to hear of Teddy Roosevelt’s role as a conservationist. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
5 36. Teddy, who had suffered ill health as a boy, aspired to become a naturalist, a person who loves to examine nature, and was inspired by his father, the co-founder and director of the American Museum of Natural History, to pursue his dreams. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
37. Teddy’s early devotion to the outdoors, beginning with his careful collecting and studying of animals and insects, became a lifetime commitment and led to his outstanding preservation of large areas of the United States during his White House years. A. simple B. compound C. complex D. compound-complex
Identify the purpose of sentences 38-41.
38. When Teddy spent time in the Dakota Territory in 1883, he saw first hand the destruction that the completion of the Transcontinental Railway in 1869 had made on the natural environment. A. imperative B. declarative C. interrogative D. exclamatory
39. Thousands of buffalo or bison were being killed for their valuable hides, and the railroad made shipping the hides to vendors very easy! A. imperative B. declarative C. interrogative D. exclamatory
40. Did you know that by the 1890s fewer than 500 buffalo remained? A. imperative B. declarative C. interrogative D. exclamatory
41. Let it be resolved that these magnificent animals must be protected and never become extinct. A. imperative B. declarative C. interrogative D. exclamatory
Part Three. Parts of Speech.
Identify the verb tense in the underlined portion of sentences 42-49.
42. As Mr. Yasinskas developed his discussion, he carefully described Teddy’s impressive political career. “I am hopeful that by the conclusion of our study you will have learned the most significant contributions of this remarkable man. Shall we begin? When Teddy was elected to the New York state legislature in 1882, he knew he would no longer have time to preside over his own museum, the Roosevelt Natural Museum. Consequently, he closed it and donated a significant portion of its collection to the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, DC.” A. present perfect B. future perfect C. present D. future
6 43. “Mr. Yasinskas, I read that at this time when Teddy was very busy with his public duties, he fortunately found a great friend and ally in George Bird Grinnell, a well-respected conservationist,” said David. A. present B. past perfect C. present perfect D. past
44. Martha added, “We recognize that all of us are the beneficiaries of these thoughtful men who advocated the importance of forest management, conservation and proper use of natural resources, game preservation, and clean water.” A. present B. present perfect C. past D. future
45. “From working on our merit badges, several of us have learned that Teddy and Grinnell knew that each year protecting the future of our natural treasures had become more and more difficult as America continued to expand westward into these pristine or natural regions of the West,” observed Frank. A. present B. present perfect C. past D. past perfect
46. “Teddy understood the need to preserve the frontier. In one of his statements, he wrote, ‘. . . the time has come to inquire seriously what will happen when our forests are gone . . .’ Now that wise observation clearly defines his serious commitment,” remarked Mr. Yasinskas. A. present B. present perfect C. past D. future perfect
47. At that moment in walked Emma White, who had just returned to school from an orthodontist appointment. Always curious and alert, Emma was quite attentive as Mr. Yasinskas explained, “After much effort on the part of Teddy, Grinnell, and others to save Yellowstone, President Grover Cleveland signed a bill in 1894 to protect Yellowstone.” A. present B. present perfect C. past D. future perfect
48. “We can all be grateful for the great interest and effort of Teddy and Grinnell! They will be remembered for their foresight and strong determination,” said Caroline. A. future B. future perfect C. present D. past
49. “I have read,” reflected a thoughtful Buddy, “that Gutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore, wrote that the purpose of his monumental work ‘is to communicate the founding, expansion, preservation and unification of the United States with the colossal statues of Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, and Theodore Roosevelt.’ I think this honor is quite appropriate for these four great men, and South Dakota is the perfect setting for this remarkable tribute.” A. future perfect B. past C. present perfect D. future
7 In sentences 50-69, identify the part of speech of the underlined word as it is used in the sentence.
50. Looking at the clock, Mr. Yasinskas told the class, “Time is slipping away for today. For homework tonight, read chapter 21 in your text. It fits perfectly into our current discussion because it centers on Teddy as a man and as a President.” A. noun B. preposition C. adverb D. adjective
51. As the friends munched on their pizza slices and fries during their sixth-period lunch, they reviewed their history class and eagerly anticipated exploring Teddy’s personal mission and presidential legacy. A. conjunction B. adverb C. interjection D. preposition
52. True to their academic interest, Mr. Yasinskas’ fifth-period students were primed to hear his lecture the following day and as usual would certainly contribute their own observations, as well as ask thoughtful questions. A. noun B. pronoun C. adverb D. adjective
53. After greeting his class and taking attendance, Mr. Yasinskas said, “Let’s organize our ideas from yesterday’s class. We established that Teddy developed his love for nature at a very early age and continued this devotion throughout his life.” A. pronoun B. adjective C. preposition D. adverb
54. The scholarly Gail Trigg and her lively first cousin Becky Montague nodded at one another in preparation of Gail’s making a comment. A. adjective B. noun C. adverb D. interjection
55. “As Buddy reminded us yesterday,” Gail began, “Teddy became the youngest President in American history when President McKinley was assassinated. During his presidency, this young man inaugurated progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.” A. preposition B. adverb C. conjunction D. verb
56. Becky quickly added, “As President, he believed the government should function as an arbiter or referee to resolve the conflicts in the economy, should guarantee justice to each side of the conflict, and should remain totally impartial.” A. pronoun B. noun C. adverb D. adjective
8 57. “Well said, Becky,” praised Steve. “You really have given the key points clearly!” A. verb B. adverb C. pronoun D. adjective
58. “Frank, what can you add to Becky’s comment?” Mr. Yasinskas asked. “I know you are a great fan of Teddy and prepared an award-wining history project on him when you were in the eighth grade.” A. noun B. interjection C. adjective D. adverb
59. These words were most pleasing to the diligent or conscientious Frank, who remarked quickly, “Oh, yes, Teddy guided our country into global interests and politics. ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick’ was one of his favorite proverbs in dealing with other countries and has become one of his signature statements! This phrase means a country should use diplomatic strategies but have the strength to support its positions.” A. adjective B. verb C. adverb D. noun
60. “Teddy was also instrumental in the successful completion of the Panama Canal. Do you think we could focus on this engineering feat before we continue with his conservation successes?” requested David. “I learned from our homework reading assignment that the French had just about abandoned this project!” A. adjective B. preposition C. pronoun D. conjunction
61. “Teddy’s completion of the Panama Canal was one example of his interests in international concerns. We must remember that when the United States assumed construction of this canal to link the Atlantic and the Pacific, it too suffered set backs,” Mr. Yasinskas pointed out. “With the help of Dr. William Gorgas, who had eradicated or wiped out yellow fever in Cuba, the construction workers were successful in finishing this engineering project in 1914.” A. interjection B. preposition C. pronoun D. adjective
62. Shaking her head sympathetically, Emma summarized the feelings of the entire class. “I just can’t imagine going into the Panamanian jungle in the first place, let alone having to battle the heat and rain, the mosquitoes and snakes, and malaria, smallpox, and yellow fever! My head is spinning!” A. verb B. adverb C. adjective D. conjunction
63. “I can always rely on this class to present interesting details and to take an active interest in the countless aspects of American history that have led to our nation’s greatness. Now, I think we should turn our attention once again to Teddy’s conservation efforts,” Mr. Yasinskas said smiling. A. verb B. adjective C. adverb D. noun
9 64. “That’s great news! But you will eventually discuss Teddy’s Rough Riders and, of course, the legend of the teddy bear, won’t you?” asked Martha. “I received my teddy bear for my second birthday, and it was one of my absolute favorite childhood companions. I took him everywhere!” A. noun B. adverb C. preposition D. adjective
65. Delighted with Martha’s enthusiasm, Mr. Yasinskas promised Martha and the class a short discussion of those two iconic topics in the next day or two. A. noun B. interjection C. adverb D. adjective
66. “First let me say very clearly that Teddy did not create the National Park Service, but during his presidency from 1901 to 1909, he added five national parks to the system: Crater Lake, Wind Cave, Sulphur Springs, Sullys Hill, and Mesa Verde. Please note,” Mr. Yasinskas laughed, “that Sullys Hill and its surrounding Devils Lake do not have apostrophes! I mention this because I don’t want you to think I am careless of my rules of punctuation!” A. adjective B. pronoun C. preposition D. conjunction
67. “That’s right,” Buddy said. “The five original parks were Yellowstone, Sequoia, Yosemite, Kings Canyon, and Mount Rainer. Once again, no apostrophe is used for Kings. By the way, the National Park Service incorporated the earlier Grant National Park, established in 1890, with Kings Canyon in 1940.” A. preposition B. adjective C. conjunction D. adverb
68. “Wonderful, Buddy!” exclaimed a very proud Mr. Yasinskas. “Teddy’s conservation legacy is hard to describe quickly. Let me say that he provided federal protection for nearly 230 million square acres. That would be, say, an area equal to the entire East Coast from Maine to Florida. Are you all able to visualize that?” A. adjective B. verb C. preposition D. adverb
69. “Amazing,” sighed John, “but he knew that without his intervention our beautiful landscapes would disappear, victims of human progress, as quickly as the majestic buffalo!” A. verb B. adjective C. adverb D. interjection
10 Select the correct statement or statements in sentences 70-75.
70. 1. A complex sentence may have two dependent clauses. 2. An adjectival clause is a subordinate or dependent clause that modifies or clarifies a noun or a pronoun. 3. Do not use at after where. 4. An infinitive phrase is a prepositional phrase that may function as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. A. 1 and 4 B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 1, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
71. 1. A proper noun is the name of a specific person, place, or thing and is capitalized. 2. The past participial and present participial phrases are adverbial phrases. 3. A run-on sentence occurs when a comma or a semi-colon does not join two consecutive complete sentences. 4. One way to correct a run-on sentence is to use a semi-colon to join the two dependent clauses. A. 1 B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2, 3, and 4
72. 1. Adjectival and adverbial clauses are independent clauses. 2. Use shall in first person and will in the second and third persons for the simple future tense. 3. The antecedent of a pronoun is the word to which the pronoun refers. 4. A prepositional phrase that modifies a predicate nominative or a direct object is an adverbial phrase. A. 1 and 4 B. 2 C. 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4
73. 1. An appositive phrase is an adjectival phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun. 2. Only a noun or a nominative case pronoun can be the object of the preposition. 3. The present participle of the verb to buy is brought. 4. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender. A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 4
74. 1. After, before, and until are three prepositions that may also function as subordinate conjunctions to begin a noun or an adjectival clause. 2. A direct object, a predicate nominative, and a predicate adjective are not parts of speech. 3. Oops and oh are two examples of an interjection, a word that expresses emotion but does not have a grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence. 4. Adverbial clauses often begin with the relative pronouns who, whom, which, or that. A. 1 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, and 4
11 75. 1. Reflexive pronouns and objective case pronouns may be used as the subject, direct object, or predicate nominative of a sentence. 2. The superlative form of bad is worst. 3. The past tense of the verb to lie is lay; the past tense of the verb to lay is laid. 4. The difference between a complex sentence and a compound sentence is that a compound sentence does not have a dependent clause. A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 3, and 4
Part Four. Correct Usage.
Identify the sentence structure fault in 76-81.
76. Having a depth of 1,943 feet, geologists have determined that Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States, the second deepest in the Western Hemisphere, and the ninth deepest in the world. A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
77. Located in the Cascade Mountains in Oregon, Crater Lake was formed 7,700 years ago after Mount Mazama, a volcano, erupted, when the volcano collapsed, a giant crater or caldera was formed. A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
78. This caldera eventually filled with rain and snow and in the end to become the 12,000-acre Crater Lake. A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
79. Sulphur Springs Reservation in Oklahoma was renamed Platt National Park. Established as an agreement with the Chickasaw and Choctaw Nations and the federal government to protect the area’s unique freshwater and mineral springs and two creeks. A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
80. Platt National Park was a popular tourist destination in the early 1900s, now it is rarely included in any National Park Service information. A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
81. Rich in Oklahoma history and in the heartland of America, tourists should take time to visit this national park! A. fragment B. run-on sentence C. misplaced modifier D. lack of parallel construction
12 Identify the correct sentence or sentences in 82-90.
82. 1. “The third national park that Teddy created was Wind Cave. I am certainly familiar with this infamous site! You see, on my Scranton Prep service trip to South Dakota last summer, Mrs. Fitzsimmons, our group leader, organized our visit to this fascinating landmark,” announced Mary MacLean. 2. “The third national park that Teddy created was Wind Cave. I am certainly familiar with this famous site! You see, on my Scranton Prep service trip to South Dakota last summer, Mrs. Fitzsimmons, our group leader, organized our visit to this fascinating landmark,” announced Mary MacLean. 3. “Our Native American guide was anxious to tell us that Wind Cave remains very sacred to the Lakota people, a tribe of the Sioux Nation. She also informed us that the beautiful Black Hills or Paha Sapa, the home of the Lakota people, covers an area of 5,000 square miles!” said Jeff Clark as he took up Mary’s explanation. 4. Jeff continued, “This beautiful landscape includes a large number of natural wonders that were a source of spiritual strength to the Native American tribes living in this southwestern portion of South Dakota.” A. 1 and 3 B. 2 C. 2 and 4 D. 4
83. 1. “During the course of our guide’s lecture, we learned further that Wind Cave is the principle site of the Lakota creation story,” Mary added enthusiastically. 2. “Everyone enjoys hearing the creation stories of other cultures, and they like the challenge of discovering a common thread or theme between them, whether these stories originated in Asia or the South Pacific. I know I do!” added Buddy. 3. “Most people enjoy hearing the creation stories of other cultures, and they like the challenge of discovering a common thread or theme among them, whether these stories originated in Asia or the South Pacific. I know I do!” added Buddy. 4. “Let me see whether I can relate the Lakota story fully. Jeff, I will rely on you to help me out if I run into trouble. So here goes!” Mary said. “The Lakota story begins when the Pte Oyate, the Buffalo nation or people, emerged from Mother Earth through the Wind Cave. In doing so, they became Ikce Wicasa, ordinary people or humans. For my group and me, this legend certainly captivated our attention.” A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 and 4
84. 1. Jeff agreed whole-heartedly with Mary’s account and added, “Because of their close heritage with the buffalo, the Lakota people honor this mighty creature in all of their stories of creation and important ceremonies and traditions.” 2. “Before Mr. Yasinskas moves on to Sullys Hill, let me conclude with the legend of the White Buffalo Calf Woman,” said Mary. “In this legend, perhaps the most important and the most ancient of the Lakota legends, the White Buffalo Calf Woman saved the Lakota people from famine and visited them for four days, during this time she taught them special religious ceremonies, including that of the clay pipe, which they still observe today. So important is she that there are many illusions to her in Lakota stories.” 3. “Before Mr. Yasinskas moves on to Sullys Hill, let me conclude with the legend of the White Buffalo Calf Woman,” said Mary. “In this legend, perhaps the most important and the most ancient of the Lakota legends, the White Buffalo Calf Woman saved the Lakota people from famine and visited them for four days; during this time she taught them special religious ceremonies, including that of the clay pipe, which they still observe today. So important is she that there are many allusions to her in Lakota stories.” 4. “Mary,” responded Frank, “you’re information has made my friends and I eager to visit this national park! The Lakota people seem to be very spiritual and live in harmony with the earth.” A. 1 and 3 B. 2 C. 1 and 4 D. 2 and 4
13 85. 1. Mr. Yasinskas told the class that Sullys Hill National Park, located in a densely wooded region of the largely treeless North Dakota, was never funded adequately or supplied with personnel for it’s maintenance. 2. Sullys Hill, one of only seven national parks to be disbanded, was recommissioned in 1931 as Sullys Hill National Game Preserve and is now under the management of the National Wildlife Refuge System. For the protection of its white pelicans, wood ducks, mallards, and Canadian geese, as well as its prairie dog colony. 3. “Mr. Yasinskas, what do you know about Mesa Verde, the last of Teddy’s national parks?” asked Lily. “My cousin said this archeological and architectural phenomenon had an amazing effect on him, especially when he took a night tour of this abandoned cliffside village or pueblo!” 4. “Well, Lily, I can certainly see how this site that lays over 2,000 feet above the Montezuma Valley in Colorado would cause your cousin to have that response,” replied Mr. Yasinskas. A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 4 C. 3 D. 4
86. 1. “In working towards one of my merit badges,” said Steve, “I learned that Mesa Verde is the Spanish for green table and that this village has over 600 multistoried dwellings. At one time, the prehistoric inhabitants were named the Anasazi; these ancient people are now considered the ancestors of the Pueblo people.” 2. “These ancient people lived in these cliff dwellings from 550 to 1300 until they left their homes and disappeared. These dwellings remained unknown until 1888 when two cowboys searching for stray cattle during a snowstorm spotted the outlines of these dwellings. I can’t hardly imagine how scary that must of been for those two!” concluded Steve. 3. “Lily, are you ready to learn about Teddy’s Rough Riders and the teddy bear?” Mr. Yasinskas asked with a kind smile. “But before we do, we must always keep in mind the wonderful service Teddy and the other concerned citizens of his time did for all the future generations of Americans in preserving and conserving our natural treasures.” 4. “Now class, we need to go back in time; almost fourteen years, in fact, before Teddy became President. America entered a war with Spain after an explosion destroyed the Maine, a United States battleship, anchored in the bay of Havana in February 1898,” began Mr. Yasinskas. A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4
87. 1. The sinking of the Maine and the death of 75 percent of her crew had a tremendous affect on the American public and led to the rallying cry of “Remember the Maine.” 2. One of Teddy’s strengths laid in his ability to appeal to the public’s patriotic spirit. 3. Resigning his position as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Teddy organized and trained an all volunteer group of men to fight against the Spanish presence in the Western Hemisphere. The press soon referred to this first volunteer cavalry group as the Rough Riders after Buffalo Bill’s famous Wild West show. 4. Teddy’s men came from all walks of life. Some were his friends from Harvard, others were Athletes, Miners, Cowboys, and Native Americans. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
14 88. 1. Because of their excellent training, the Rough Riders proved their bravery and skill in Cuba, especially after their successful charge and capture of San Juan Hill. 2. As a result of the San Juan Hill victory, the Rough Riders joined other American troops and to contribute to the defeat of Spain in August 1898. 3. As a consequence of its defeat, Spain ceded its control of Cuba to the United States, as well as gave the United States the Spanish territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. 4. “Oh no,” sighed Mr. Yasinskas, “I see I have less than ten minutes before the bell to explain the teddy bear origin! So time is at its essence! Well, the teddy bear traces its origin to Teddy’s bear hunting trip to Mississippi in 1902 at the invitation of the governor of Mississippi, Andrew H. Longino.” A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 2, 3, and 4
89. 1. “When the President had not spotted a bear for three days, the hunting guides captured an old black bear and roped him to a tree for Teddy to find,” Mr. Yasinskas said hurriedly as he glanced at the clock. 2. “Seeing the defenseless bear, Teddy declared that he would not shoot it because to do so would be against the code of sportsmanship,” continued Mr. Yasinskas. 3. Mr. Yasinskas explained that The Washington Post published a cartoon of the President standing in front of a small bear cub shaking in fear. As a result, the President was formerly associated with bears. 4. Later, Morris Michton, a candy storeowner in Brooklyn, asked his wife to make two stuffed bears for him to place in his shop window. A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, and 4
90. 1. Mr. Michton asked Teddy’s permission to call these toys “teddy bears.” The popularity of these bears’ lead Mr. Michton to mass-produce these toys; he eventually founded the Ideal Toy and Novelty Company. 2. When the German company Steiff began manufacturing stuffed bears, the teddy bear achieved international fame. For over a century, this cuddly, friendly toy has never lost their popularity. 3. “Thank you, Mr. Yasinskas, for covering these final points about Teddy Roosevelt! Your historical presentation, as well as your discussion of the Rough Riders and the teddy bear, has given all of us a deeper appreciation of this President,” said John. 4. “Thank you, Mr. Yasinskas, for covering these final points about Teddy Roosevelt! Your historical presentation, as well as your discussion of the Rough Riders and the teddy bear, have given all of us a deeper appreciation of this President,” said John. A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 D. 4
Part Five. Literary Terms.
Identify the literary terms in sentences 91-100.
Prep students read a wide variety of literature during their four years at Scranton Prep: novels, short stories, poetry, non-fiction works, and plays. Being familiar with key literary terms enhances students’ reading experience by helping them to understand the author’s meaning and to appreciate his or her originality.
91. Three years after his term as President, Teddy ran for President again on the Progressive ballot and told reporters that he felt “as healthy and as strong as a bull moose.” His description of his physical well-being is an example of a(n) ___. A. oxymoron B. apostrophe C. metaphor D. simile
15 92. Ralph Waldo Emerson, a nineteenth-century American poet and philosopher, understood the beneficial power of nature on the human spirit. When Emerson wrote, “The earth laughs in flowers” to celebrate the joy and beauty found in nature, he used ___ to express his happiness. A. alliteration B. personification C. a hyperbole D. an oxymoron
93. In Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park, Fanny Price, the young heroine, says, “. . . to sit in the shade on a fine day and look upon verdure [greenery] is the most perfect refreshment.” Her observation reflects the same insight that motivated the creation of Central Park and contains an example of ___. A. personification B. a metaphor C. an allusion D. a paradox
94. In one prayer attributed to the White Buffalo Calf Woman, she prays, “O great spirit, Earth, Sun, Sky, and Sea You are inside, And all around me.” Her prayer is an example of ___. A. a simile B. an apostrophe C. a metaphor D. irony
95. Since its beginning in 1892, the Sierra Club’s logo has had as its chief ___ the sequoia. A. allusion B. metaphor C. symbol D. personification
96. “Home on the Range,” the state song of Kansas and a classic western song, is noted for its peaceful and ideal ___ of life on the prairie. President Franklin Roosevelt, Teddy’s relative, said this song was his favorite. “Oh give me a home where the buffalo roam, Where the deer and the antelope play, Where seldom is heard a discouraging word, And the skies are not cloudy all day.” A. imagery B. alliteration C. personification D. paradox
97. In his famous “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, “Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a British poet, presented the great mystery and healing power of nature that led the old sailor, the ancient mariner, to become “sadder and wiser.” The lines show that Coleridge was a master of ___. “The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.” A. allusion B. paradox C. metaphor D. alliteration
16 98. When Brian Yablonski, the Chairman of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, commemorated the 157th anniversary of Theodore Roosevelt’s birth, he acknowledged that Theodore Roosevelt was not only a naturalist but also a hunter. According to Yablonski, “. . . [Roosevelt’s] legacy as a sportsman- naturalist . . . serves as the best example of one of the great ___ of wildlife conservation: Those with a passion for the hunt also have a passion to protect.” A. paradoxes B. apostrophes C. metaphors D. hyperboles
99. The phrase “sportsman-naturalist” used to describe Teddy is an example of ___. A. an allusion B. a hyperbole C. an oxymoron D. personification
100. That Old Faithful, the geyser in Yellowstone National Park, has erupted over one million times since Yellowstone became the first national park in 1872 is a fact and not ___. A. irony B. a hyperbole C. a paradox D. an allusion
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