Part One. Parts of the Sentence. Identify the function of the underlined portion in sentences 1-26. 1. With his customary eagerness to begin his Scranton Prep school day, John Nicholson bounded into the school lobby and greeted Mrs. Nagurney, the assistant principal, with a cheerful “Good morning!” A. predicate nominative B. adjectival phrase C. appositive phrase D. noun clause 2. “Hello, John,” Mrs. Nagurney responded and smiled as John breezed past her on his way to find his friends, Frank Herndon, Buddy Adams, and Jim Timmons. A. past participial phrase B. adverbial clause C. noun clause D. infinitive phrase 3. Mrs. Nagurney noticed that John was carrying the latest edition of the popular magazine Nature Conservancy and remembered that he and most of his classmates were quite enthusiastic in their commitment to conservation. A. predicate nominative B. predicate adjective C. indirect object D. direct object 4. In fact, John had recently told her that he, Frank, Buddy, and Jim, as well as several other sophomore boys, were working on their forestry badges in their quest to become Eagle Scouts. Mrs. Nagurney had commended these students for their effort to achieve this highest rank in Boy Scouts of America. A. indirect object B. direct object C. object of the preposition D. predicate nominative 5. Seeing his friends at their third-floor lockers, John waved the magazine and said, “Wait until you see this awesome issue! It’s all about the centennial, the one-hundredth anniversary, of the National Park Service on August 25, 2016.” A. gerund phrase B. nonessential clause C. present participial phrase D. adverbial phrase 6. After these first honors students had filed into their homeroom, they all huddled as one to examine the glorious photographs of the national parks and to read the brief history of the founding of the National Park Service. A. gerund phrase B. adjectival phrase C. noun clause D. adverbial phrase 7. What made them so responsive to the magazine’s articles was that they had all worked for several weeks in Arcadia National Park in Maine, they all shared a love of hiking and camping, especially in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, and, most of all, they shared a great respect for Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth President of the United States, who is often referred to as the “conservation President.” A. essential clause B. adverbial clause C. noun phrase D. noun clause 1 8. “For me,” Jim reflected, “Teddy Roosevelt is a role model: a preservationist of America’s natural beauties, a public servant, a forward-thinking leader, and a war hero.” A. predicate nominative B. direct object C. indirect object D. object of the preposition 9. “Yes, Jim, you have certainly given a concise summary of his great legacy. Plus, don’t forget, at the age of forty-two, he became the youngest President of the United States when President William McKinley was assassinated,” added Buddy, an ardent Teddy Roosevelt fan. A. object of the preposition B. predicate adjective C. direct object D. predicate nominative 10. As other classmates arrived in homeroom, they too wished to see the magazine. Martha Coleman and her best friend Caroline Morris were amazed at the photographs of Sequoia National Park in California. A. adverbial clause B. essential clause C. adverbial phrase D. noun clause 11. After several moments of thought, Martha said, “Caroline, can you believe a sequoia or redwood can measure over 100 feet in circumference? Just look! One tree is named General Sherman in honor of the Civil War general. Get this, Caroline, General Sherman is reportedly the largest living organism in the world!” A. adjectival clause B. noun clause C. noun phrase D. adverbial phrase 12. Caroline, who had visited Sequoia National Park with her family the previous summer, nodded and could attest that these trees are truly magnificent. She reminded her friends of the legendary John Muir, for whom the old growth Muir Woods is named. A. adjectival phrase B. appositive phrase C. nonessential clause D. noun clause 13. As a point of explanation, John added, “The term ‘old growth’ refers to a forest that has attained great age without significant ecological changes or damages. I bet, Caroline, walking in Muir Woods gave you and all the other visitors the feeling that you were traveling back in time five hundred years. I have heard that people are very quiet or speak very softly during their visits.” A. indirect object B. object of the preposition C. predicate nominative D. direct object 14. As the morning progressed, the group soon made their way to their fifth-period American history class. David Ellison, also a candidate for the Eagle Scouts, suggested that they inform their teacher Mr. Yasinskas about their common interest in Teddy Roosevelt and the National Park Service. A. adjectival clause B. appositive phrase C. noun clause D. adjectival phrase 2 15. Ever attentive to his students’ environmental concerns and supportive of their conservation efforts, Mr. Yasinskas grinned approvingly when he spied John’s magazine lying on top of his history book. A. direct object B. object of the preposition C. predicate adjective D. indirect object 16. “John,” Mr. Yasinskas began, “when I received my copy of Nature Conservancy yesterday, I knew this issue would be of particular interest to you and your scouting friends. As a result, I think we should devote class time to this most important period in the evolution and development of American conservation.” A. verb phrase B. parenthetical expression C. noun phrase D. adverbial clause 17. “Right you are, Mr. Yasinskas!” chimed Caroline. “During homeroom, I was telling all of them about John Muir, the father of American conservation and the first president of the Sierra Club. You know, of course, this highly esteemed environmental organization was established in 1892. My dad loves the Sierra Club and has been a member since he was a Boy Scout, and that was a long time ago!” she giggled. A. indirect object B. direct object C. predicate adjective D. predicate nominative 18. Taking Caroline’s comment about Muir as the point to begin his lecture, Mr. Yasinskas explained that John Muir had emigrated from his native Scotland to the United States with his parents when he was a young boy. “In 1869, at the age of thirty-one, he left the unhealthy environment of city living and became a sheepherder in California near Yosemite Valley.” A. predicate nominative B. subject C. indirect object D. direct object 19. “Let me clarify that five years earlier in 1864, Congress had ceded or yielded Yellowstone Valley to California as a state park,” said Mr. Yasinskas. “Over the years, however, California had allowed private companies to organize summer vacations in this area for more than 1,000 tourists.” A. direct object B. predicate nominative C. object of the preposition D. gerund phrase 20. Frank nodded with great understanding, “Now I see what was happening. Needless to say, with the influx or increase of settlers, the areas around the valley became sites for logging, farming, and grazing. With much insight, Muir recognized the danger that humans, himself included, posed to the environment.” A. adverbial phrase B. gerund phrase C. infinitive phrase D. adjectival phrase 21. The studious Steve Brakefield observed, “Muir was very proactive for his time, but from my reading, I have learned that nearly forty years passed before Congress legislated proper protection for these vast national natural treasures. Once Americans were conscious of these most precious areas, it was only fitting that the National Park Service was created to protect the designated sites.” A. gerund phrase B. past participial phrase C. adjectival clause D. infinitive phrase 3 22. “You are absolutely correct, Steve,” the bubbly Brenda Veal added. “We all know that nature has a restorative or healthy effect on people, and that very understanding was a moving force behind the decision to create New York City’s Central Park in 1858.” A. predicate adjective B. indirect object C. predicate nominative D. direct object 23. “The open spaces and beauty of Central Park were available to New Yorkers of all social classes and gave them relief from the unwholesome smog and grime of their city environment. In fact,” she concluded, “Frederick Law Olmsted, one of the park’s designers, was appointed to oversee the protection of Yosemite.” A. appositive phrase B. adjectival phrase C. adjectival clause D. essential clause 24. Mr. Yasinskas praised Brenda’s comments for being right on target and pointed out that Congress named Yellowstone the first national park in 1872 and had secured 1,500 square miles surrounding Yosemite Valley as Yosemite National Park. A. infinitive phrase B. indirect object C. gerund phrase D. present participial phrase 25. Known for her impatience and quick sense of humor, Lily Bradley raised and waved her hand to the general amusement of her classmates and began talking a mile a minute. “Mr. Yasinskas, all this is informative as background, but when do we get to my hero Teddy Roosevelt and his great part in this important aspect of the American experience? May we refer to him as Teddy rather than Roosevelt? I just feel that he is so real and approachable and that calling him Teddy is not disrespectful in any way because we all admire him!” A. noun phrase B. past participial phrase C. adverbial phrase D. adverbial clause 26. “Okay! Okay, Lily! We will refer to him as Teddy, and we will soon get to the legendary Teddy, complete with his Rough Riders and the teddy bear! But first we need to examine the natural wonders and the importance of the redwoods or sequoias that Caroline introduced,” replied the reassuring Mr.