PROGRAM NOTES

Sunday, February 9, 2020, 3pm Hertz Hall Susan Graham, mezzo-soprano , piano

PROGRAM (1874–1947) Quand je fus pris au pavillon [Charles d’Orléans] [Victor Hugo] Si mes vers avaient des ailes [Léopold Dauphin] Le rossignol des lilas [Th éophile Gautier] Infi délité [Th éodore de Banville] Le printemps

Gustav MAHLER (1860–1911) Rückert Lieder [Friedrich Rückert] Blicke mir nicht in die Lieder Ich atmet’ einen linden Duft Um Mitternacht Liebst du um Schönheit Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen

INTERMISSION

Hector BERLIOZ (1803–1869) Les nuits d’été [Th éophile Gautier] Villanelle Le spectre de la rose Sur les lagunes Absence Au cimetière L’île inconnue

Georg Friedrich HANDEL (1685–1759) “Ombra mai fu” from [Unknown]

Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART (1756–1791) “Deh, per questo istante solo” [Caterino Mazzolà] from

Th is performance is made possible, in part, by Patron Sponsors Michael A. Harrison and Susan Graham Harrison. Cal Performances’ 2019–20 season is sponsored by Wells Fargo.

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ABOUT THE ARTISTS

Susan Graham (mezzo-soprano)—hailed as “an Malcolm Martineau (piano) was born in Ed- artist to treasure” by the New York Times—rose to inburgh, read music at St Catharine’s College, the highest echelon of international performers Cambridge, and studied at the Royal College of within just a few years of her professional debut, Music. mastering an astonishing range of repertoire and Recognized as one of the leading accom- genres along the way. Her operatic roles span panists of his generation, he has worked with four centuries, from Monteverdi’s Poppea to many of the world’s greatest singers, including Sister in ’s Dead Man Sir Th omas Allen, Dame Janet Baker, Anna Ne- Walking, which was written especially for her. trebko, Elīna Garanča, Dorothea Röschmann, Among her numerous honors are a Grammy Dame Sarah Connolly, Angela Gheorghiu, Award for her collection of Ives songs, Musical Susan Graham, Th omas Hampson, Sir Simon America’s Vocalist of the Year, and an Opera Keenlyside, Dame Felicity Lott, Christopher News Award. As one of the foremost exponents Maltman, , Dame Ann Murray, of French vocal music, Graham has been recog- Anne Sofi e von Otter, Michael Schade, Frederica nized with the French government’s Chevalier de von Stade, and Sir . la Légion d’Honneur. He has presented his own series at London’s Th is season, Graham makes her role debut and at the Edinburgh Festival, as Herodias in Salome at and has appeared throughout Europe (includ- and reprises her portrayal of Mrs. De Rocher ing , Milan; the Châtelet, Paris; the in ’s company premiere Liceu, Barcelona; Berlin’s Philharmonie and of . In concert, she sings La Konzerthaus; Amsterdam’s Concertgebouw; mort de Cléopâtre and excerpts from and Vienna’s Konzerthaus and Musikverein); with the orchestra of the Deutsche Oper Berlin North America (including both New York’s at the Berlin Musikfest, revisits her signature in- Alice Tully Hall and Carnegie Hall); Australia terpretation of Les nuits d’été with the Vancouver (including the Sydney Opera House); and at the Symphony, and headlines the Jacksonville Aix en Provence, Vienna, Edinburgh, Schuber- Symphony 2020 Gala. Graham completes the tiade, Munich, and Salzburg festivals. season with a “Beyond the Aria” concert in Recording projects have included the com- Chicago’s Millennium Park and recitals with pi- plete Beethoven folk songs and Schubert, anist Malcolm Martineau in Fort Worth and at Schumann, and English song recitals with New York’s Lincoln Center. Sir Bryn Terfel; Schubert and Strauss recitals Graham’s earliest operatic successes were in with Sir Simon Keenlyside, plus the Grammy such trouser roles as Cherubino in Mozart’s Le Award-winning Songs of War; recital recordings nozze di Figaro. Her technical expertise soon with Magdalena Kozena, Anne Schwanewilms, brought mastery of more virtuosic parts, and Dorothea Röschmann and Christiane Karg; and she went on to triumph as Octavian in Richard the complete Poulenc songs and Britten song Strauss’ and the Composer in cycles as well as Schubert with Florian Boesch. his . She sang the leading la- Martineau was a given an honorary doctor- dies in the ’s world premieres ate at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and of ’s Th e Great Gatsby and Tobias Drama in 2004, and appointed International Picker’s An American Tragedy, and made her mu- Fellow of Accompaniment in 2009. He was the sical theater debut in Rodgers & Hammerstein’s artistic director of the 2011 Leeds Lieder+ Fes- Th e King and I at the Th éâtre du Châtelet in Paris. tival. Martineau was made an OBE in the 2016 In concert, she makes regular appearances with New Year’s Honors. the world’s foremost orchestras, oft en in French repertoire, while her distinguished discography comprises a wealth of opera, orchestral, and solo recordings. Gramophone magazine has dubbed her “America’s favorite mezzo.”

Opposite: photo by Dario Acosta 16

TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS

REYNALDO HAHN

Quand je fus pris au pavillon When I was lured to her love nest [Charles d’Orléans] Quand je fus pris au pavillon When I was lured to her love nest De ma dame très gente et belle, By my lady so gentle and fair, Je me brûlai à la chandelle I was singed by a burning heat, Ainsi que fait le papillon. A butterfl y caught in a fl ame.

Le rougis comme vermillon, I glowed a fi ery, crimson red À la clarté d’use étincelle, At the gleam of a single spark, Quand je fus pris au pavillon When I was lured to her love nest De ma dame très gente et belle. By my lady so gentle and fair.

Si j’eusse été émerillon If I had only been a falcon Ou que j’eusse eu aussi bonne aile, Or had the wings to fl y away Je me fusse gardé de celle I’d have saved myself from her, Qui me bailla de l’aiguillon Who enticed me with her charms, Quand je fus pris au pavillon. When I was lured to her love nest.

Si mes vers avaient des ailes If only my poems had wings [Victor Hugo] Mes vers fuiraient, doux et frêles, My poems would fl ee, sweet, frail, Vers votre jardin si beau, To your beautiful garden, Si mes vers avaient des ailes If only my poems had wings Comme l’oiseau. Like a bird.

Ils voleraient, étincelles, Th ey would fl y, like sparks, Vers votre foyer qui rit, To your smiling hearth, Si mes vers avaient des ailes, If only my poems had wings Des ailes comme l’esprit. Like the soul.

Près de vous, purs et fi dèles, Close to you, pure and true, Ils accouraient, nuit et jour, Th ey would hasten night and day, Si mes vers avaient des ailes, If only my poems had wings Des ailes comme l’amour! Like love!

Opposite: photo by Alessandro Moggi 17 TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS

Le rossignol des lilas Th e Nightingale in the Lilac Bush [Léopold Dauphin] Ô premier rossignol qui viens Oh you, the fi rst nightingale to come Dans les lilas, sous ma fenêtre, To the lilac bush beneath my window, Ta voix m’est douce a reconnaître! How sweet it is to hear your voice again! Nul accent n’est semblable au tien! No other voice can compare to yours! Fidèle aux amoureux liens, Be true to the bonds that lovers make, Trille encor, divin petit être! Trill once more, divine little being! Ô premier rossignol qui viens Oh you, the fi rst nightingale to come Dans les lilas, sous ma fenêtre! To the lilac bush beneath my window! Nocturne ou matinal, combien At night or in the morning, how Ton hymne à l’amour me pénètre! Your hymn of love pierces through me! Tant d’ardeur fait en moi renaître Such ardor rekindles in me L’écho de mes avrils anciens, Th e memory of so many Aprils gone by. Ô premier rossignol qui viens! Oh you, the fi rst nightingale to come!

Infi délité Infi delity [Th éophile Gautier] Voici l’orme qui balance Here is the elm that casts Son ombre sur le sentier: Its shadow along the path; Voici le jeune églantier, Here is the young briar, Le bois où dort le silence. Th e forest where silence sleeps; Le banc de pierre où le soir Th e stone bench where, at night, Nous aimions à nous asseoir. We loved to sit. Voici la voûte embaumée Here is the luscious canopy D’ébéniers et de lilas, Of ebony and lilac trees, Où, lorsque nous étions las, Where, when we were weary, Ensemble, ô ma bien aimée! Together, my darling, Sous des guirlandes de fl eurs, Under garlands of fl owers, Nous laissions fuir les chaleurs. We would escape the heat. L’air est pur, le gazon doux... Th e air is pure, the grass soft ... Rien n’a donc changé que vous. Nothing has changed except you.

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Le printemps Spring [Théodore de Banville] Te voilà, rire du Printemps! You have come, laughter of spring! Les thyrses des lilas fl eurissent. Th e clusters of lilacs are blooming. Les amantes, qui te chérissent Th e lovers who cherish you Délivrent leurs cheveux fl ottants. Set free their fl oating hair. Sous les rayons d’or éclatant Beneath the shimmering golden rays, Les anciens lierres se fl étrissent. Th e ancient ivies wither. Te voilà, rire du Printemps! You have come, laughter of spring! Les thryses des lilas fl eurissent. Th e clusters of lilacs are blooming. Couchons-nous au bord des étangs, Let us lie down at the edge of ponds, Que nos maux amers se guérissent! And may our bitter woes be healed! Mille espoirs fabuleux nourrissent A thousand extravagant hopes nourish Nos coeurs émus et palpitants. Our moved and beating hearts. Te voilà, rire du Printemps! You have come, laughter of spring!

GUSTAV MAHLER

Rückert Lieder Songs aft er Rückert Text by Friedrich Rückert

Blicke mir nicht in die Lieder! Do not look into my songs! Blicke mir nicht in die Lieder! Do not look into my songs! Meine Augen schlag‘ ich nieder, I shield my gaze, Wie ertappt auf böser Tat; As if caught in the act. Selber darf ich nicht getrauen, I cannot even trust myself Ihrem Wachsen zuzuschauen: To watch them grow. Deine Neugier ist Verrat. Your curiosity is deceitful.

Bienen, wenn sie Zellen bauen, Bees, when they build their cells, Lassen auch nicht zu sich schauen, Let no one watch either, Schauen selbst auch nicht zu. And do not watch each other. Wenn die reichen Honigwaben When the sweet honeycombs Sie zu Tag gefördert haben, Have been brought to daylight, Dann vor allem nasche du! You will be the fi rst to taste them!

Ich atmet’ einen linden Duft I breathed a gentle scent Ich atmet‘ einen linden Duft ! I breathed a gentle scent! Im Zimmer stand ein Zweig der Linde, In the room there was a branch of linden, Ein Angebinde von lieber Hand. a gift from a dear hand. Wie lieblich war der Lindenduft ! How wonderful was the scent of linden!

Wie lieblich ist der Lindenduft ! How wonderful is the scent of linden! Das Lindenreis brachst du gelinde! Th at sprig of linden you gathered tenderly! Ich atme leis im Duft der Linde I breathe soft ly amid its scent Der Liebe linden Duft . Th e gentle scent of love.

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Um Mitternacht At midnight Um Mitternacht At midnight Hab’ ich gewacht I kept watch Und aufgeblickt zum Himmel; And looked up at heaven; Kein Stern vom Sterngewimmel Not a star in the sky Hat mir gelacht Smiled on me Um Mitternacht. At midnight. Um Mitternacht At midnight Hab’ ich gedacht My thoughts stretched out Hinaus in dunkle Schranken. To the dark regions of space; Es hat kein Lichtgedanken No shining thought Mir Trost gebracht Gave me comfort Um Mitternacht. At midnight. Um Mitternacht At midnight Nahm ich in acht I made note Die Schläge meines Herzens; Of the beating of my heart; Ein einz’ger Puls des Schmerzes A single pang of pain War angefacht Was set alight Um Mitternacht. At midnight. Um Mitternacht At midnight Kämpft ’ ich die Schlacht, I fought the battle, O Menschheit, deiner Leiden; O humanity, of your affl ictions; Nicht konnt’ ich sie entscheiden But I could not win victory Mit meiner Macht By my own strength Um Mitternacht. At midnight. Um Mitternacht At midnight Hab’ ich die Macht I gave my strength In deine Hand gegeben! Into Your hands! Herr! über Tod und Leben Lord! over life and death, Du hältst die Wacht You keep watch Um Mitternacht! At midnight.

Liebst du um Schönheit If you love for beauty Liebst du um Schönheit, o nicht mich liebe! If you love for beauty, do not love me! Liebe die Sonne, sie trägt ein goldnes Haar! Love the sun, she has golden hair!

Liebst du um Jugend, o nicht mich liebe! If you love for youth, do not love me! Liebe der Frühling, der jung ist jedes Jahr! Love the spring, who is young every year!

Liebst du um Schätze, o nicht mich liebe! If you love for riches, do not love me! Liebe die Meerfrau, sie hat viel Perlen klar! Love the mermaid, who has many shining pearls!

Liebst du um Liebe, o ja, mich liebe! If you love for love, oh yes, love me! Liebe mich immer, dich lieb‘ ich immerdar. Love me ever, I shall love you evermore!

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Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen I am lost to the world Ich bin der Welt abhanden gekommen, I am lost to the world Mit der ich sonst viele Zeit verdorben, With which I wasted so much time; Sie hat so lange nichts von mir vernommen, It has for so long heard nothing of me, Sie mag wohl glauben, ich sei gestorben! It may well believe that I am dead.

Es ist mir auch gar nichts daran gelegen, It matters not to me Ob sie mich für gestorben hält, If it should think I am dead. Ich kann auch gar nichts sagen dagegen, Nor could I deny it, Denn wirklich bin ich gestorben der Welt. For in truth I am dead to the world.

Ich bin gestorben dem Weltgetümmel, I am dead to the world’s chaos Und ruh’ in einem stillen Gebiet! And rest in a quiet realm! Ich leb’ allein in meinem Himmel, I live alone in my heaven, In meinem Lieben, in meinem ! In my love, in my song!

HECTOR BERLIOZ

Les nuits d’été Th e Nights of Summer Text by Th éophile Gautier

Villanelle Villanelle Quand viendra la saison nouvelle, When the new season comes, Quand auront disparu les froids, When the cold has ended, Tous les deux nous irons, ma belle, We will go, my darling, Pour cueillir le muguet aux bois; To pick lilies-of-the-valley in the forest; Sous nos pieds égrenant les perles Our feet scattering the pearls Que l’on voit au matin trembler, Which tremble in the morning, Nous irons écouter les merles We will listen to the blackbirds Siffl er! Whistling!

Le printemps est venu, ma belle; Th e spring has come, my darling; C’est le mois des amants béni, Th is is the month praised by lovers, Et l’oiseau, satinant son aile, And the bird primping its wing, Dit ses vers au rebord du nid. Sitting on the edge of its nest, tweets in verse. Oh! viens donc sur ce banc de mousse, Oh come and sit on this mossy bank Pour parler de nos beaux amours, To speak of our beautiful love, Et dis-moi de ta voix si douce: And say to me in your sweet voice: Toujours! Always!

Loin, bien loin, égarant nos courses, Far, very far, let us wander, Faisons fuir le lapin caché, Frightening the hidden rabbit and the deer Et le daim au miroir des sources Which bends to take in its great antlers Admirant son grand bois penché; Refl ecting in the pond; Puis, chez nous, tout heureux, tout aisés, Th en let us go home, happy and content; En paniers enlaçant nos doigts, Interlacing our fi ngers basket-like, Revenons rapportant des fraises Let us carry wild strawberries Des bois! From the woods.

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Le spectre de la rose Th e specter of the rose Soulève ta paupière close Open your closed eyelids Qu’effl eure un songe virginal! Soft ly touched by a virginal dream! Je suis le spectre d’une rose I am the specter of a rose Que tu portais hier au bal. Which you wore at the ball. Tu me pris encore emperlée You took me still closed Des pleurs d’argent de l’arrosoir, With the shining tears of the watering can, Et, parmi la fête étoilée, And through the moonlit festivities Tu me promenas tout le soir. You strolled with me through the night.

Ô toi qui de ma mort fus cause, Oh, you, the cause of my death, Sans que tu puisses le chasser, Without power to banish me Toutes les nuits mon spectre rose All night long my rose red ghost À ton chevet viendra danser. Will return to dance by your bedside. Mais ne crains rien, je ne réclame Don’t be frightened that I will claim Ni messe ni De Profundis. A mass or De Profundis. Ce léger parfum est mon âme, Th is sweet perfume is my soul, Et j’arrive du paradis. And I have come from Paradise.

Mon destin fut digne d’envie, My fate is enviable; Et pour avoir un sort si beau To have such a beautiful death, Plus d’un aurait donné sa vie; Many would have given their lives; Car sur ton sein j’ai mon tombeau, For your breast is now my tomb, Et sur l’albâtre où je repose And on the alabaster where I rest Un poète avec un baiser A poet with a kiss Écrivit: «Ci-gît une rose, Wrote: “Here lies a rose, Que tous les rois vont jalouser.» Which all kings will envy.”

Sur les lagunes On the lagoons Ma belle amie est morte: My dearest love is dead: Je pleurerai toujours; I shall weep forever; Sous la tombe elle emporte To the tomb she takes with her Mon âme et mes amours. My soul and my love. Dans le ciel, sans m’attendre, Without waiting for me Elle s’en retourna; She has returned to Heaven; L’ange qui l’emmena Th e angel who escorted her Ne voulut pas me prendre. Did not want to take me. Que mon sort est amer! How bitter is my fate! Ah! sans amour, s’en aller sur la mer! Alas! To sail without love across the sea!

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La blanche créature Th e pure white creature Est chouchée au cercueil. Lies in her coffi n. Comme dans la nature How everything in nature Tout me paraît en deuil! Seems in mourning! La colombe oubliée Th e forgotten dove Pleure et songe à l’absent; Weeps, dreaming of its lost mate; Mon âme pleure et sent My soul weeps and feels Qu’elle est dépareillée. As though it is adrift . Que mon sort est amer! How bitter is my fate! Ah! sans amour, s’en aller sur la mer! Alas! To sail without love across the sea!

Sur moi la nuit immense Th e vast night above me S’étend comme un linceul; Is spread like a shroud; Je chante ma romance I sing my song Que le ciel entend seul. Which heaven alone hears. Ah! comme elle était belle, Ah! How beautiful she was, Et comme je l’amais! And how I loved her! Je n’aimerai jamais I will never love a woman Une femme autant qu’elle. As I loved her. Que mon sort est amer! How bitter is my fate! Ah! sans amour, s’en aller sur la mer! Alas! To sail without love across the sea!

Absence Absence Reviens, reviens, me bien-aimée; Return, return, my sweetest love! Comme une fl eur loin du soleil, Like a fl ower far from the sun, La fl eur de ma vie est fermée Th e fl ower of my life is closed, Loin de ton sourire vermeil! Removed from your dazzling smile!

Entre nos cœurs quelle distance! Such a great distance between our hearts! Tant d’espace entre nos baisers! So great a gulf between our kisses! Ô sort amer! ô dure absence! O bitter fate! O cruel absence! Ô grands désirs inapaisés! O great unassuaged desires!

Reviens, reviens, ma bien-aimée. Return, return, my sweetest love! Comme une fl eur loin du soleil, Like a fl ower far from the sun, La fl eur de ma vie est fermée Th e fl ower of my life is closed, Loin de ton sourire vermeil! Removed from your dazzling smile!

D’ici là-bas, que de campagnes, From here to there, so many fi elds, Que de villes et de hameaux, So many towns and hamlets, Que de vallons et de montagnes, So many valleys and mountains, À lasser le pied des chevaux. To tire the horses’ hooves.

Reviens, reviens, ma bien-aimée. Return, return, my sweetest love! Comme une fl eur loin du soleil, Like a fl ower far from the sun, La fl eur de ma vie est fermée Th e fl ower of my life is closed, Loin de ton sourire vermeil! Removed from your dazzling smile!

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Au cimetière At the cemetery Connaissez-vous la blanche tombe Do you know the white tomb, Où fl otte avec un son plaintif Where the shadow of a yew L’ombre d’un if? Floats plaintively? Sur l’if, une pâle colombe, On that yew a pale dove, Triste et seule, au soleil couchant, Sad and melancholy at sundown, Chante son chant; Sings its song;

Un air maladivement tendre, A song of morbid sweetness, À la fois charmant et fatal, Both seductive and deadly, Qui vous fait mal Which pains you Et qu’on voudrait toujours entendre, But which you want to hear forever, Un air, comme en soupire aux cieux A song like the sigh of a lovesick angel L’ange amoureux. In the heavens.

On dirait que l’âme éveillée It is as if the awakened soul Pleure sous terre à l’unisson Is crying below the earth De la chanson, Accompanying the song, Et du malheur d’être oubliée And at the sadness of being forgotten Se plaint dans un roucoulement Whispers its complaint Bien doucement. Most soft ly.

Sur les ailes de la musique On the wings of music On sent lentement revenir You detect the slow return Un souvenir; Of a memory; Une ombre, une forme angélique A shadow, an angelic form Passe dans un rayon tremblant, Passes through a shimmering beam of light, En voile blanc. Veiled in white.

Les belles-de-nuit, demi-closes, Th e beautiful fl owers, half-closed, Jettent leur parfum faible et doux Cast their scent delicate and sweet Autour de vous, Around you, Et le fantôme aux molles poses And the phantom with its languid movements Murmure, en vous tendant les bras: Whispers, reaching towards you: Tu reviendras? Will you return?

Oh! jamais plus, près de la tombe Ah! Never again will I approach that tomb, Je n’irai quand descend le soir When evening approaches Au manteau noir, In its black cape, Écouter la pâle colombe To listen to the pale dove Chanter sur la pointe de l’if From the top of a yew Son chant plaintif! Sing its plaintive song!

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L’île inconnue Th e unknown island Dites, le jeune belle, Tell me, young beauty, Où voulez-vous aller? Where do you wish to go? La voile ouvre son aile, Th e sail puff s out its wing, La brise va souffl er! Th e breeze is going to blow!

L’aviron est d’ivoire, Th e oar is of ivory, Le pavillon de moire, Th e fl ag of watered silk, Le gouvernail d’or fi n; Th e rudder of fi nest gold; J’ai pour lest une orange, I have an orange for the ballast, Pour voile une aile d’ange, An angel’s wing for the sail, Pour mousse un séraphin. A seraph for the cabin-boy.

Dites, le jeune belle, Tell me, young beauty, Où voulez-vous aller? Where do you wish to go? La voile ouvre son aile, Th e sail puff s out its wing, La brise va souffl er! Th e breeze is going to blow!

Est-ce dans la Baltique Perhaps the Baltic, Dans la mer Pacifi que, Or the Pacifi c Dans l’île de Java? Or the Isle of Java? Ou bien est-ce en Norvège, Or else to Norway, Cueillir la fl eur de neige To pick the snow fl ower Ou la fl eur d’Angsoka? Or the fl ower of Angsoka?

Dites, le jeune belle, Tell me, young beauty, Où voulez-vous aller? Where do you wish to go?

Menez-moi, dit la belle, Take me, said the beauty, À la rive fi dèle To the shore of faithfulness Où l’on aime toujours. Where love endures forever. – Cette rive, ma chère, – Th at shore, my dear, On ne la connaît guère Is hardly known at all Au pays des amours. In the land of love.

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GEORG FRIEDRICH HANDEL

“Ombra mai fu” from Serse “Never was there a shadow” from Xerxes Libretto by an unknown author Frondi tenere e belle Tender and beautiful branches Del mio platano amato Of my cherished plane tree, Per voi risplenda il fato. For you fate shines brightly. Tuoni, lampi, e procelle Th under, lightning, and storms Non v’oltraggino mai la cara pace, Do not disturb your cherished peace, Né giunga a profanarvi austro rapace. Nor do rapacious winds defi le you.

Ombra mai fu Never was there a shadow Di vegetabile, Of any branch Cara ed amabile, More dear and charming, Soave più. Or more gentle.

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

“Deh, per questo istante solo” “Ah, for only this moment” from La Clemenza di Tito from Th e Clemency of Titus Libretto by Caterino Mazzolà Deh per questo istante solo Ah, for only this moment Ti ricorda il primo amor. Remember our past love, Che morir mi fa di duolo Since your anger, your harshness, Il tuo sdegno il tuo rigor. Are causing me to die of grief.

Di peitade indegno e vero, It is true, I do not deserve pity, Sol spirar io deggio orror. And should inspire only horror. Pur sareti men severo, But you would not be so severe, Se vedessi questo cor. If you could read my heart.

Disperato vado a morte; Despairingly I go to death, Ma il morir non mi tormenta But dying does not frighten me. Che fui teco un traditor! Th e thought that I betrayed you tortures me! (Tanto aff anno soff re un core, (A heart can suff er so much anguish Ne si more di dolor!) And still not die of sorrow!)

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