CBD First National Report
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Republic o_Mauritius - First National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity National Parks and Conservation Service, Ministry of Agriculture, FT and Natural Resources in collaboration with UNEP & GEF. November 2000 CONTENTS Page Preface Abbreviations 1 Exec_aive Summary ......................................................................................... 6 2 Inlroduction ................................................................................................... 8 3 Principal Measures in the Conservathm and Sustainable use of Biodiversity in Mauritius ...... 10 3.1 National Conservation and Environment Policy Framework .................................. 10 3.2 International Conventions and Agreements ...................................................... 11 3.2.1 Collaboration with International Agricultural Research Organisations ............ 12 3.2.2 Bilateral relations and Regional Cooperation .......................................... 12 3.3 National Legislations pertaining to Biodiversity Conservation ............................... 13 3.4 Status and Trends of Biodiversity ................................................................. 13 3.4.1 Forestry and Flora .......................................................................... 13 3.4.1.1 Medicinal Plants ............................................................... 15 3.4.1.2 Institutions dealing with ForesU'y and Flora ................................ 16 3.4.2 Farina Diversity ............................................................................. 16 3.4.2.1 The Offshore Islets ............................................................ 18 3.4.2.2 Institutions ...................................................................... 19 3.4.3 Agricultural Biodiversity ................................................................. 19 3.4.3.1 Sugar cane ...................................................................... 20 3.4.3.2 Maize ............................................................................ 20 3.4.3.3 Other Crops .................................................................... 22 3.4.3.4 Wild Relatives of crops ....................................................... 22 3.4.3.5 Fruit species, root and tuber crops ........................................... 23 3.4.3.6 Farm Animal genetic Resources ............................................. 23 3.4.3.7 Miero-organisms ............................................................... 23 3.4.3.8 Institutions ...................................................................... 23 3.4.4 Biotechnology .............................................................................. 24 3.4.4.1 Tissue Culture .................................................................. 24 3.4.4.2 Diagnostics ..................................................................... 25 3.4.4.3 Genome Mapping ............................................................ 25 3.4.4.4 Cmnetic Transformation ...................................................... 25 3.4.4.5 Enviroranent .................................................................. 25 3.4.4.6 Human Health ................................................................ 25 3.4.4.7 Biosensors ...................................................................... 26 3.4.5 Aquatic Biodiversity ...................................................................... 26 3.4.5. t Marine Living Resources ..................................................... 27 3.4.5.2 Non- living Marine Resources .............................................. 27 3.4.5.3 Fresh water Aquatic Biodiversity ............................................ 28 3.4.5.4 Assessment offish stocks ..................................................... 29 3.4.5.5 Export Trade .................................................................... 29 3.4.5.6 Economic values of Marine aquatic biological resources ................ 30 3.4.5.7 Wetlands ........................................................................ 31 3.4.5.8 Institutions involved .......................................................... 31 3.4.6 Conservation in Rodrigues ............................................................... 32 4 Threats to Biodiversity and Management measures .................................................... 34 5 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan ........................................................ 35 5.1 Natienal Consultative Process ..................................................................... 35 5.2 NBSAP time fi'ame and status ..................................................................... 35 6 Partners involved in the implementation of conservation and sustainable use projects .......... 35 6.1 National and international Institutions ........................................................... 35 6.2 Plant Conservation Projects ....................................................................... 36 7 Ongoing & Planned activities for protection, conservation and sustainable use ofbiodiversity 43 (including monitoring) ................................................................................... 7.1 Fores_'3_............................................................................................... 43 2 7.2 Fauna and flora ...................................................................................... 43 7.2.1 Conservation of plant genetic resources ................................................ 43 7.2.2 In silu- conservation ....................................................................... 43 7.2.3 Ex situ propagation ........................................................................ 44 7.2.4 Herbarium ................................................................................... 44 7.2.5 Tissue culture .............................................................................. 44 7.2.6 Botanical gardens .......................................................................... 44 7.2.7 Establishment of a first wetland reserve and a migratory bird sanctuary .......... 44 7.3 Agricultural Biodiversity .......................................................................... 45 7.4 Biotechnology and biosafety ...................................................................... 46 7.5 Coastal Resources, Marine and Aquatic Biodiversity ......................................... 46 7.5,1 Marine Parks ............................................................................... 47 7.5.2 Fishing Reserves ........................................................................... 47 7.5.3 Management of Marine Resources ...................................................... 47 7.5.4 Aquaculture ................................................................................. 48 8 Gaps / Issues and the priorities in the various sectors .................................................. 48 9 Resources for Biodiversity Conservation ................................................................ 48 49 10 References ........................................................................................... AnnexI 52 List of Tables Table I Status of native flowering plants of Mauritius and Rodrigues ................................. 14 Table 2 Statns of Sugar cane germplasm in the MSIRI collection ...................................... 20 Table 3 Species of fuits and root crops in collection ..................................................... 23 Table 4 Indian & Chinese carps introduced for Aquaculture ............................................ 28 Table 5 Export Trade offish ................................................................................ 30 Table 6 Economic values of aquatic biological resources and biodiversily ........................... 30 Table 7 Estimated economic value of the different extractive uses of marine aquaticresources .. 30 Table 8 Estimated economic value of recreational activities ........................................... 31 Table 9 Summary of Major activities relating to biodiversity conservation and restoration ....... 41 Table 10 Summary of Craps/Issues and the priorities under the various thematic areas ............. 52 List of FIGURES Figure 1 Relief and Settlement of Mauritius ............................................................. 9 Figure 2 Monkey (Macacafasciculoris) in the wild .................................................... 14 Figure 3 Planted and Native Forests ...................................................................... 15 Figure 4 Dodo ( Raphus cucullatus) .................................................................... 16 Figure 5 Mamitian Kestrel, Echo Parakeet & Pink Pigeon saved bred from extinction .......... 17 Figure 6 Keel Scaled Boa ............................................................................... 18 Figure 7 Last Rmmnant of a Hurricane palm on Roundlsland .................................... 19 Figure 8 Land Use map for Mauritius ................................................................. 21 Figure 9 Cofj/ba macrocarpa, a wild relative of coffee .............................................. 22 Figure 10 Genetic transformation of sugar cane .......................................................... 26 Figure 11 Some of the marine species constituting the marine biodiversity .......................... 27 Figure 12 Coral ecosystem within the Blue Bay Marine Park .......................................... 47 3 PREFACE This First National Relx)rt (FNR) has been prepared by the National