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April 24 2020 INSECTA 38 urn:lsid:zoobank. A Journal of World Insect Systematics org:pub:156AD486-3407-41A2- UNDI M 9F85-D3FF9806AE96 0759 Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Frank E. Kurczewski 1188 Converse Drive NE Atlanta, GA 30324 Joseph W. Stoll Department of Geography, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY 13244 Rick C. West 6365 Willowpark Way Sooke, BC, Canada V9Z 1L9 Kelly C. Kissane Biology Department Trinidad State Junior College, Valley Campus Alamosa, CO 81101 Neil Stanley Cobb Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6077 Date of issue: April 24, 2020 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Frank E. Kurczewski, Joseph W. Stoll, Rick C. West, Kelly C. Kissane, and Neil Stanley Cobb Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Insecta Mundi 0759: 1–38 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:156AD486-3407-41A2-9F85-D3FF9806AE96 Published in 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources, including the Zoological Record and CAB Abstracts. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Guidelines and requirements for the preparation of manuscripts are available on the Insecta Mundi website at http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Chief Editor: David Plotkin, [email protected] Assistant Editor: Paul E. Skelley, [email protected] Head Layout Editor: Robert G. Forsyth Editorial Board: J. H. Frank, M. J. Paulsen Founding Editors: Ross H. Arnett, Jr., Virendra Gupta, John B. Heppner, Lionel A. Stange, Michael C. Thomas, Robert E. Woodruff Review Editors: Listed on the Insecta Mundi webpage Printed copies (ISSN 0749-6737) annually deposited in libraries CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, Brazil Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada The Natural History Museum, London, UK Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warsaw, Poland National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Electronic copies (Online ISSN 1942-1354, CDROM ISSN 1942-1362) in PDF format Printed CD or DVD mailed to all members at end of year. Archived digitally by Portico. Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundi University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/ Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240 Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Layout Editor for this article: Robert G. Forsyth 0759: 1–38 2020 Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Frank E. Kurczewski 1188 Converse Drive NE Atlanta, GA 30324 [email protected] Joseph W. Stoll Department of Geography, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY 13244 [email protected] Rick C. West 6365 Willowpark Way Sooke, BC, Canada V9Z 1L9 [email protected] Kelly C. Kissane Biology Department Trinidad State Junior College, Valley Campus Alamosa, CO 81101 [email protected] Neil Stanley Cobb Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6077 [email protected] Abstract. Geography and host spider family are strongly linked in the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (rusty spider wasp) when 2031 host spider local- ity records from the years 1918–2020 are mapped. Entypus unifasciatus lycosid host records are plentiful from 43–44° N in the U.S. to northern Mexico. Tachypompilus ferrugineus lycosid host records are numerous from southern Ontario and New England to Mexico east of the Rocky Mountains. Most E. unifasciatus and T. ferrugin- eus pisaurid host records are from the SE U.S. Trechaleid host records for E. unifasciatus and T. ferrugineus are predominant in southern Mexico and Central America, while ctenid host records for these species are prevalent in northern South America. All E. unifasciatus sparassid host records are from extreme SW U.S. and Mexico, whereas T. ferrugineus sparassid host records are scattered from Texas, Florida and Puerto Rico to Panama. Lycosidae are the predominant host spider family in the Americas for E. unifasciatus (80.3%) and T. ferrugineus (67.4%) followed by Pisauridae (5.4%, 21.7%), Trechaleidae (4.8%, 6.8%), Ctenidae (4.6%, 1.8%), and Sparassidae (4.3%, 1.5%). Lycosidae and Pisauridae are overrepresented in this study as the vast majority of host records (87.8%) are from the U.S. and Ontario, Canada where such species are abundant. Trechaleidae and Ctenidae are grossly underrepresented as host records from Mexico, Central America and South America are scarce (12.2%). Zoropsidae/Miturgidae and Zoropsidae/Agelenidae are atypical host families for E. unifasciatus (0.3%, 0.3%) and T. ferrugineus (0.4%, 0.4%), respectively. Rabidosa rabida (Walckenaer) (Lycosidae) (rabid wolf spider) is the pre- dominant host spider species for both E. unifasciatus (56.8%) and T. ferrugineus (58.3%). Key words. Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Trechaleidae, Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Zoropsidae, Agelenidae, Miturgidae, Rabidosa rabida. 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0759, April 2020 KURCZEWSKI ET AL. Introduction Spider wasps (Pompilidae), as the name implies, hunt, immobilize by stinging, and stock their nest cells each with a paralyzed spider bearing the wasp’s egg on its abdomen. After subduing the host spider, the female wasp places it in a previously prepared cell (Pepsini, Ageniellini, Pompilini [Arachnospila arcta [Cresson]]), confiscates the spider’s own burrow for use as a nest-cell (Pepsini, Aporini, Pompilini), or, using rake-spines on the forelegs, excavates a burrow in the substrate for use as a nest (Pompilini). The wasp’s egg hatches in a few days and the larva easily penetrates the spider’s thin abdominal cuticle with its mandibles. The wasp larva consumes the edible portions of the host spider, grows relatively rapidly over several days, constructs a parchment-like cocoon, pupates, and emerges as an adult sev- eral weeks or a year later (Kurczewski and Edwards 2012). The spider is usually the same size as the wasp, albeit often much heavier in wet weight (Kurczewski and Kiernan 2015). Spider wasp and host spider cohabit the same area–on the ground or vegetation, near the spider’s web, or, rarely, along a body of water. Spider wasps can arbitrarily be sorted into species that are oligophagous, polyphagous or intermediate in host specificity (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962; Kurczewski and Kurczewski 1968). For example, Anoplius cleora (Banks) (Pompilini), a rather large species, is host-specific on the beach wolf spider Arctosa littoralis (Hentz) (Lycosidae) while An. depressipes Banks, another rather large species, captures semi-aquatic Dolomedes Latreille and Pisaurina Simon fishing spiders (Pisauridae) on or near water (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962; Kurczewski and Kiernan 2015). Many small and moderate size pompilids such as Priocnemis cornica (Say) and Anoplius marginatus (Say), in contrast, are strongly polyphagous and stock their cells with a dozen or more families of unrelated spiders (Kurczewski and Kiernan 2015; Kurczewski et al. 2017). Entypus unifasciatus (Say) (Pepsini) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Pompilini), the subjects of this study, demonstrate size-equivalent capture of predominantly cursorial-hunting families of Lyco- soidea (Lycosidae, Trechaleidae, Pisauridae, Ctenidae) and, in the process, illustrate distinct geographic variation in host spider family selection across North America and northern South America. A wealth of data gathered over a century
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