DOCSLIB.ORG

Novel Sol-Gel Nanoporous Materials, Nanocomposites and Their

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Novel Sol-Gel Nanoporous Materials, Nanocomposites and Their Novel Sol-Gel Nanoporous Materials, Nanocomposites and Their Applications in Bioscience A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Zhengfei Sun in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2005 © Copyright 2005 Zhengfei Sun. All Rights Reserved. 2 Dedications This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, Mr. Chongzhen Sun and Mrs. Xiuqing Nie for their encouragement, support and love. 3 Acknowledgments In retrospect as I approach the completion of my doctorate, I feel a deep gratitude towards many people for their assistance and support. I would like to express my genuine gratitude to each of them, although it would be impossible for me to name all. First of all, I would like to sincerely thank my advisor, Dr. Yen Wei, for his tremendous time and effort spent in leading, supporting and encouraging me during the last five years. His passion for challenges has given me inspiration; his knowledge of science has given me guidance; his perseverance in research has given me confidence. Without his help and effort, it would be impossible for me to even get close to this point. I want to express my gratitude to all the committee members in my candidacy examination and/or my dissertation defense, Dr. Anthony Addison, Dr. Jean-Claude Bradley, Dr. Joe Foley, Dr. Susan Jansen-Varnum, Dr. Caroline Schauer, Dr. Sally Solomon and Dr. Jian-Min Yuan for their time and valuable suggestions. Special thanks are due to the committee chair, Dr. Anthony W. Addison for insightful discussions on many topics, including my oral proposal and research. I am also grateful to Dr. Sally Solomon, Dr. Caroline Schauer and Dr. Jian-Min Yuan for their detailed comments on my oral proposal and thesis. I would like to thank many of my collaborators. I specially thank Dr. Jian-Min Yuan for his valuable suggestion and assistance, especially in protein folding and amyloid β aggregation projects. I also would like to thank Dr. Karl Sohlberg for giving me the opportunities to work with him on an important project. I would also thank Dr. Reinhard Schweitzer-Stenner for his wonderful insights on many of my research works, especially on the project of aggregation of Amyloid β peptide. I also thank Dr. Solomon Praveen for 4 his help in dental materials projects and suggestions in thesis writing. Many thanks are due to Dr. Thomas G. Spiro of Princeton University and his student Dr. Gurusamy Balakrishnan on assistance in Raman spectroscopy. I am grateful to many people for their selfless support in many areas. I especially acknowledge Dr. Patrick Loll for his assistance in circular dichroism spectroscopy, Dr. Guoliang Yang for AFM studies, Ms. Edith Smith for her kindly help and coordination in obtaining the chemicals and instruments for our research work. Many thanks are due to my friends in the Department of Chemistry who make my life here memorable. I thank Dr. Shuxi Li, Dr. Qiuwei Feng, Dr. Shan Cheng, Dr. Hua Dong, Dr. Houping Yin, Ms. Alpa Patel, Mr. Yi Guo, Dr. Jim Tu, Ms. Stephanie Schuster for their collaboration, discussions and help during these years. I also want to thank all the professors, staff and students in Department of Chemistry, Drexel University for making the Department such a joyful working and studying environment. Finally, I am greatly grateful to my parents, Mr. Chongzhen Sun and Mrs. Xiuqing Nie, for their continuous encouragement and unconditional love throughout in my life. 5 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 6 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 15 List of Figures................................................................................................................... 17 Abstract............................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 1: An Overview to Nanoporous Sol-Gel Materials............................................. 27 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 27 1.2 Fundamentals of Sol-Gel Process ................................................................ 29 1.2.1 Sol-Gel Reactions .................................................................................... 30 1.3 Nanoporous Sol-Gel Materials from Surfactant Templated Pathways........ 31 1.4 Nanoporous Sol-Gel Materials from Nonsurfactant Templated Pathway ... 35 1.5 Characterizations of Nanoporous Materials................................................. 37 1.5.1 Gas sorption measurement.................................................................... 37 1.5.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)..................................................................... 40 1.5.3 Electron Microscopy............................................................................. 41 1.6 Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials by Sol-Gel Approach......................... 42 1.7 Sol-Gel Encapsulation of Biomolecules ...................................................... 45 1.8 References.................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 2: Rigid Matrix Artificial Chaperon (RMAC) – Mediated Refolding of Cytochrome c.................................................................................................................... 63 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 63 2.1.1 Fundamentals of Protein Folding Unfolding ........................................... 63 2.1.2 Chaperone and Protein Folding ............................................................... 64 6 2.1.3 Rigid Matrix Artificial Chaperone (RMAC) ........................................... 65 2.1.4 Why Cytochrome c? ................................................................................ 67 2.1.5 Analytical Methods to Monitor Cytochrome c’s Folding Unfolding ...... 68 2.1.5.1 Fluorescence Spectroscopy........................................................... 68 2.1.5.2 Circular Dichroism (CD) .............................................................. 69 2.2 Experimental....................................................................................................... 71 2.2.1 Materials .................................................................................................. 71 2.2.2 Encapsulation of Unfolded Cc into Silica Matrix.................................... 71 2.2.3 Removal of Templates ............................................................................. 73 2.2.4 Characterizations of Nanoporous Silica Matrix....................................... 73 2.2.5 Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Encapsulated Cc...................................... 73 2.2.6 Circular Dichroism of Cc......................................................................... 74 2.2.7 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of Silica Matrix......... 75 2.2.8 UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV) of Encapsulated Cc..................................... 76 2.2.9 Attempts of Making Silica Thin Film...................................................... 77 2.3 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................... 78 2.3.1 Characterization of Silica Matrix............................................................. 79 2.3.2 FT-IR Spectroscopy on Silica Matrix...................................................... 80 2.3.3 Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Encapsulated Cc...................................... 80 2.3.4 Leakage Tests........................................................................................... 81 2.3.5 CD Spectroscopy ..................................................................................... 82 2.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 83 2.5 Acknowledgement .............................................................................................. 83 7 2.6 References........................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 3: Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy to Study Folding Unfolding Behavior of Encapsulated Heme Proteins in Silica Matrix with Controlled Pore Sizes .................. 99 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 99 3.1.1 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Protein Folding............................. 99 3.1.2 Heme Protein ......................................................................................... 102 3.1.2.1 Cytochrome c and its Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ............. 102 3.1.2.1.1 Marker Band Region........................................................ 103 3.1.2.1.2 Fingerprint Region........................................................... 104 3.1.2.2 Hemoglobin (Hb) and Its Resonance Raman Spectra................. 104 3.1.2.3 Myoglobin (Mb) and Its Resonance Raman Spectra .................. 105 3.1.2.4 Protein Encapsulation ................................................................. 108 3.2 Experimental..................................................................................................... 109 3.2.1 Materials ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carbon-Based Nanoporous Materials for Hydrogen Storage
    Montanuniversität Leoben Carbon-based nanoporous materials for hydrogen storage MSc. Nikolaos Kostoglou Doctorate thesis submitted to the Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing (Chair of Functional Materials and Materials Systems) of the Montanuniversität Leoben in partial fullfilment of the requirements of the degree of a Doktor der montanistischen Wissenschaften (Dr. mont.) Leoben, November 2017 The current thesis was not funded by any kind of project within its course of three years, instead, was significantly supported by a worldwide network of collaborators, including scientific institutions and companies, in terms of materials availability and experimental measurements. Statutory declaration I declare in lieu of oath that the present thesis was created by myself independently and only using the literature cited. Leoben, November 2017 Signature Acknowledgments This study would have not been feasible without the contribution of certain people from various institutions and companies worldwide. My deep and sincere gratitude goes to my mentor/supervisor Prof. Claus Rebholz (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus), and my supervisor Prof. Christian Mitterer (Chair of Functional Materials and Materials Systems, Montanuniversität (MU) Leoben, Austria), for their proper guidance and endless support during the three years of my doctoral studies. Both had faith and confidence in me, offered drastic solutions on important issues, and I have benefited greatly from their advice. I sincerely acknowledge the significant contribution of researchers, collaborators and friends from different universities and institutes in terms of materials availability and experimental studies. At first, I am truly grateful to Prof. Biljana Babic and Prof. Branko Matovic from the University of Belgrade in Serbia (Institute of Physics and Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, respectively) for their constant support in this work by providing promising carbon-based materials and invaluable feedback.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanocasting Nanoporous Inorganic and Organic Materials from Polymeric Bicontinuous Microemulsion Templates
    Polymer Journal (2012) 44, 131–146 & 2012 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan (SPSJ) All rights reserved 0032-3896/12 $32.00 www.nature.com/pj INVITED REVIEW Nanocasting nanoporous inorganic and organic materials from polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion templates Brad H Jones1 and Timothy P Lodge1,2 Ternary blends of two homopolymers and a diblock copolymer can self-assemble into interpenetrating, three-dimensionally continuous networks with a characteristic length scale of B100 nm. In this review, we summarize our recent work demonstrating that these equilibrium fluid phases, known as polymeric bicontinuous microemulsions (BlE), can be designed as versatile precursors to nanoporous materials having pores with uniform sizes of B100 nm. As a model system, nanoporous polyethylene (PE) is derived from BlEs composed entirely of polyolefins. This monolithic material is then used as a template in the synthesis of other nanoporous materials for which structural control at the nm scale has traditionally been difficult to achieve. These materials, which include a high-temperature ceramic, polymeric thermosets and a conducting polymer, are produced by a simple nanocasting process, providing an inverse replica of the PE template. The PE is further used as a template for the production of hierarchically structured inorganic and polymeric materials by infiltration of mesostructured compounds into its pore network. The work described herein represents an unprecedented suite of nanoporous materials with well-defined pore structures prepared from a single
    [Show full text]
  • Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Materials from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene
    molecules Review Zero-to-Two Nanoarchitectonics: Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Materials from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene Guoping Chen 1 , Lok Kumar Shrestha 2 and Katsuhiko Ariga 1,2,* 1 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; [email protected] 2 WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Nanoarchitectonics of two-dimensional materials from zero-dimensional fullerenes is mainly introduced in this short review. Fullerenes are simple objects with mono-elemental (carbon) composition and zero-dimensional structure. However, fullerenes and their derivatives can create various types of two-dimensional materials. The exemplified approaches demonstrated fabrications of various two-dimensional materials including size-tunable hexagonal fullerene nanosheet, two- dimensional fullerene nano-mesh, van der Waals two-dimensional fullerene solid, fullerene/ferrocene hybrid hexagonal nanosheet, fullerene/cobalt porphyrin hybrid nanosheet, two-dimensional fullerene array in the supramolecular template, two-dimensional van der Waals supramolecular framework, supramolecular fullerene liquid crystal, frustrated layered self-assembly from two-dimensional nanosheet, and hierarchical zero-to-one-to-two dimensional fullerene assembly for cell culture. Keywords: fullerene; interface; nanoarchitectonics; nanosheet; self-assembly; two-dimensional Citation: Chen, G.; Shrestha, L.K.; Ariga, K. Zero-to-Two material Nanoarchitectonics: Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Materials from Zero-Dimensional Fullerene. Molecules 2021, 26, 4636. https:// 1. Introduction doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154636 As a game-changer of science and technology in the late 20th to 21st century, nanotech- nology has great contributions in explorations on nanoscale materials and their phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California, San Diego
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO FEASIBILITY OF USING NANOPOROUS MATERIALS IN WATER HARVESTING A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Structural Engineering by Brian Justin Chow Committee in Charge: Professor Yu Qiao, Chair Professor David Benson Professor Qiang Zhu 2010 The Thesis of Brian Justin Chow is approved and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page . iii Table of Contents . iv List of Abbreviations . vi List of Figures . viii List of Tables . x List of Graphs . xi Abstract of the Thesis . xii I. Introduction to Nanoporous Materials A. Background Information . 1 B. Motivation for Research: Potential Applications . 5 C. Main Categories and Routes of Synthesis i. Carbon-based Nanoporous Materials . 7 1. CNTs . 8 2. Nanoporous Carbons . 9 ii. Silicate-based Nanoporous Materials . 12 1. HMS . 13 2. Zeolites . 16 D. Possible Role in Water Harvesting . 18 II. Experiment: Atmospheric Condensation on Porous Solids A. Motivation and Background . 21 B. Experimental . 24 C. Results and Discussion . 31 D. Conclusion and Prospectus . 33 iv III. Experiment: Ion Exclusion of Saline Solutions with Zeolite A. Motivation and Background . 34 B. Experimental . 36 C. Results and Discussion . 49 D. Conclusion and Prospectus . 54 IV. Experiment: Carbon Electrodes Immersed in Saline Solutions A. Motivation and Background . 56 B. Experimental . 58 C. Results and
    [Show full text]
  • Nanoparticle- and Nanoporous-Membrane-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics
    pharmaceutics Review Nanoparticle- and Nanoporous-Membrane-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics 1, , 2, 3 4 Mostafa Mabrouk * y , Rajakumari Rajendran y, Islam E. Soliman , Mohamed M. Ashour , Hanan H. Beherei 1, Khairy M. Tohamy 3, Sabu Thomas 2, Nandakumar Kalarikkal 2, Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran 5 and Diganta B. Das 6,* 1 Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 2 International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (N.K.) 3 Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; [email protected] (I.E.S.); [email protected] (K.M.T.) 4 Faculty of Engineering, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India; [email protected] 6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (D.B.D.); Tel.: +201097302384 (M.M.); +44-1509-222509 (D.B.D.) These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 1 May 2019; Accepted: 14 June 2019; Published: 21 June 2019 Abstract: Pharmaceutical particulates and membranes possess promising prospects for delivering drugs and bioactive molecules with the potential to improve drug delivery strategies like sustained and controlled release. For example, inorganic-based nanoparticles such as silica-, titanium-, zirconia-, calcium-, and carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions smaller than 100 nm have been extensively developed for biomedical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Nanoporous Materials in Gas Separation and Storage Amit Sharma [email protected]
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones May 2018 Applications of Nanoporous Materials in Gas Separation and Storage Amit Sharma [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Repository Citation Sharma, Amit, "Applications of Nanoporous Materials in Gas Separation and Storage" (2018). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3326. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/3326 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. APPLICATIONS OF NANOPOROUS MATERIALS IN GAS SEPARATION AND STORAGE By Amit Sharma Master of Technology – Nanotechnology University of Rajasthan - Jaipur, India Bachelor of Technology – Nanotechnology University of Rajasthan - Jaipur, India A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy – Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry College of Sciences The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2018 Copyright 2018 by Amit Sharma All Rights Reserved Dissertation Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas February 16, 2018 This dissertation prepared by Amit Sharma entitled Applications of Nanoporous Materials in Gas Separation and Storage is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy – Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Paul Forster, Ph.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Co-Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Kathleen Robins, Ph.D. Examination Committee Co-Chair Jun Young Kang, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Solid-State Polymer Nanofoams
    Solid-state Polymer Nanofoams Huimin Guo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Vipin Kumar, Chair Nicholas Boechler John Weller Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Mechanical Engineering ©Copyright 2015 Huimin Guo ii University of Washington Abstract Solid-state Polymer Nanofoams Huimin Guo Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Vipin Kumar, Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering This work explores the fabrication and properties of solid-state polymer nanofoams. Polymer nanofoams, which are expected to be the next generation cellular materials, have attracted much attention in the past decade. Nanoscale dimension of the bubbles could potentially render the nanofoams to have improved properties or some novel properties never observed before. There existed substantial challenges in creating polymer nanofoams and their properties were very poorly understood. This dissertation was set out to develop a versatile fabrication technique for creating polymer nanofoams, and to gain a better understanding their properties. Two approaches are initially investigated for enhancing cell nucleation and reducing cell size: varying intrinsic viscosity (or equivalently molecular weight) and varying glass transition temperature. Molecular weight and glass transition temperature are two of the most important parameters of polymers; however, iii their effect on cell nucleation was not reported previously in literature. In this study, it is found that the polymer with a higher molecular weight or higher glass transition temperature has a higher cell nucleation density and smaller cell size. These two approaches, however, show no success in creating nanofoams. A novel solid-state foaming process based on low-temperature carbon dioxide saturation is discovered and studied in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • RSC Advances
    RSC Advances This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. This Accepted Manuscript will be replaced by the edited, formatted and paginated article as soon as this is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/advances Page 1 of 21 RSC Advances Interfacial self-assembly of nanoporous C60 thin films Jean-Nicolas Tisserant, †* Patrick A. Reissner, † Sandra Jenatsch, ♮ Hannes Beyer, † Roland Hany, ♮ Andreas Stemmer †* †ETH Zürich, Nanotechnology Group, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland ♮Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Manuscript Switzerland Corresponding Authors *[email protected] . * [email protected] Accepted †ETH Zürich, Nanotechnology Group, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland Abstract Advances Nanoporous surface morphologies often perform better than their planar or bulk counterparts in phenomena such as catalysis and charge transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Adsorption and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Carbon Honeycomb
    nanomaterials Article Adsorption and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Carbon Honeycomb Qin Qin 1 , Tingwei Sun 1, Hanxiao Wang 2, Pascal Brault 3, Haojie An 1, Lu Xie 1,* and Qing Peng 4,* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (Q.Q.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (H.A.) 2 Reactor Engineering and Safety Research Center, China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518031, China; [email protected] 3 GREMI UMR7344 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, BP6744, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 2, France; [email protected] 4 Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.X.); [email protected] (Q.P.) Received: 4 January 2020; Accepted: 12 February 2020; Published: 18 February 2020 Abstract: Carbon honeycomb has a nanoporous structure with good mechanical properties including strength. Here we investigate the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen in carbon honeycomb via grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics simulations including strength. Based on the adsorption simulations, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study the effect of pressure and temperature for the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen. To study the effect of pressure, we select the 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 bars. Meanwhile, we have studied the hydrogen storage capacities of the carbon honeycomb at 77 K, 153 K, 193 K, 253 K and 298 K. A high hydrogen adsorption of 4.36 wt.% is achieved at 77 K and 20 bars.
    [Show full text]
  • New Sustainable, Scalable and One-Step Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Ion Exchange Process
    nanomaterials Article New Sustainable, Scalable and One-Step Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Ion Exchange Process Ludovico Macera 1 , Valeria Daniele 1,* , Claudia Mondelli 2, Marie Capron 3,4 and Giuliana Taglieri 1 1 Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (G.T.) 2 CNR-IOM-OGG, Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France; [email protected] 3 ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France; [email protected] 4 Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This work introduces an innovative, sustainable, and scalable synthesis of iron oxides nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous suspension. The method, based on ion exchange process, consists of a one-step procedure, time and energy saving, operating in water and at room temperature, by cheap and renewable reagents. The influence of both oxidation state of the initial reagent and reaction atmosphere is considered. Three kinds of iron nanostructured compounds are obtained (2-lines ferrihydrite; layered-structure iron oxyhydroxide δ-FeOOH; and cubic magnetite), in turn used as precursors to obtain hematite and maghemite NPs. All the produced NPs are characterized by a high purity, small particles dimensions (from 2 to 50 nm), and high specific surface area values up Citation: Macera, L.; Daniele, V.; to 420 m2/g, with yields of production >90%.
    [Show full text]
  • Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials
    Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials Edited by Suresh K. Bhatia, David Nicholson, Xuechao Gao and Guozhao Ji Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Processes www.mdpi.com/journal/processes Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials Transport of Fluids in Nanoporous Materials Special Issue Editors Suresh K. Bhatia David Nicholson Xuechao Gao Guozhao Ji MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Suresh K. Bhatia David Nicholson Xuechao Gao The University of Queensland The University of Queensland Nanjing Tech University Australia Australia China Guozhao Ji Dalian University of Technology China Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Processes (ISSN 2227-9717) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/ special issues/transport fluids) For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-529-8 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-530-4 (PDF) c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Temperature Post-Processing Treatment of Silica Nanofoams of Controlled Pore Sizes and Porosities
    Materials and Design 90 (2016) 815–819 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials and Design journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmad High-temperature post-processing treatment of silica nanofoams of controlled pore sizes and porosities Cang Zhao a,MengWanga, Yang Shi b, Jianguo Cao c,YuQiaoa,b,⁎ a Department of Structural Engineering, University of California — San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0085, USA b Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California — San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA c School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China article info abstract Article history: The pore size and the porosity of a nanoporous silica are often highly correlated. In the current investigation, Received 7 January 2015 based on the phenomenon that calcination temperature has a much more pronounced influence on the porosity Received in revised form 28 October 2015 than the pore size, we developed the post-processing calcination (PPC) technique to decouple the pore size and Accepted 31 October 2015 the porosity. As PPC temperatures were precisely controlled for silica monoliths of different initial pore sizes, Available online 1 November 2015 their porosities could be tailored to a similar level, while the changes in pore sizes were quite mild. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the PPC treatment did not affect the amorphous nature of the silica phase. Keywords: Pore size © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Porosity Amorphous Silica Monolith Nanoporous 1. Introduction several decades [25]. Their average pore sizes could be reduced to a few nm [26], and their porosities could be more than 90% [27].Inthisar- Nanoporous materials are being intensively studied in chemical, ticle, the term “pore size” refers to the average pore size, unless it is environmental, biological, energy, and medical science and engi- redefined.
    [Show full text]