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2 John Introduction and Thanksgiving with Us from God the Father and From Jesus Christ the Son of the Father, in Truth and Love

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2 John Introduction and Thanksgiving with Us from God the Father and From Jesus Christ the Son of the Father, in Truth and Love 2 John Introduction and Thanksgiving with us from God the Father and from Jesus Christ the Son of the Father, in truth and love. 1:1 From the elder, to an elect lady and her 1:4 I rejoiced greatly because I have found children, whom I love in truth (and not I alone, some of your children living according to the but also all those who know the truth), 1: because truth,0 just as the Father commanded us.11 of the truth that resides in us and will be with us forever. 1:3 Grace, mercy, and peace will be Warning Against False Teachers 12 tn The word “From” is not in the Greek text, but has been 1:5 But now I ask you, lady (not as if I supplied to indicate the sender of the letter. were13 writing a new commandment14 to you, tn Or “presbyter.” but the one15 we have had from the beginning),16 sn The author’s self-designation, the elder, is in keeping that17 we love one another. 1:6 (Now this is love: with the reticence of the author of the Gospel of John to iden- 18 tify himself. This is the same self-designation used by the au- that we walk according to his commandments.) thor of 3 John. This is the commandment, just as you have tn This phrase may refer to an individual or to a church (or the church at large). Some have suggested that the address- ee is a Christian lady named “Electa,” but the same word in v. 13 is clearly an adjective, not a proper name. Others see the letter addressed to a Christian lady named “Kyria” (first pro- posed by Athanasius) or to an unnamed Christian lady. The ness in English. internal evidence of 2 John clearly supports a collective refer- ence, however. In v. 6 the addressee is mentioned using sec- tc Most witnesses, including some early and important P 33 Ï sy), have κυρίου (kuriou, “Lord”) before א) ond person plural, and this is repeated in vv. 8, 10, and 12. ones Only in v. 13 does the singular reappear. The uses in vv. 1 and ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Ihsou Cristou, “Jesus Christ”), but this is 13 are most likely collective. Some have seen a reference to a typical scribal addition, motivated by pietistic and liturgical the church at large, but v. 13, referring to “the children of your concerns. Further, early and excellent MSS (A B Ψ 048 0232 elect sister” is hard to understand if the universal church is in 81 323 1739 al) lack κυρίου. Thus, both internally and exter- view. Thus the most probable explanation is that the “elect nally, the shorter reading is strongly preferred. lady” is a particular local church at some distance from where tn “Some” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied because the author is located. the prepositional phrase beginning with ἐκ (ek) has partitive sn 2 John is being written to warn a “sister” church some force. The partitive force of the prepositional phrase here has distance away, referred to as an elect lady, of the mission- been taken by some interpreters to mean that the author has ary efforts of the secessionist false teachers (discussed in found some of the elect lady’s children who are living accord- 1 John) and the dangers of welcoming them whenever they ing to the truth and some who are not. This is grammatically arrive. possible, but the author has merely stated that he knows of tn The prepositional phrase ἐν ἀληθείᾳ (en alhqeia) some Christians in the church addressed who are “walking in in 2 John 1 is similar to 3 John 1, although it is not quali- the truth.” He does not know for certain that all of them are, fied there as it is here (see 3 John 1). This is not merely the and concern over this is probably part of the motivation for equivalent of an adverb (“truly”), but is a theological state- writing the letter. ment affirming the orthodoxy of Gaius, to whom the letter is 0 sn Living according to the truth (Grk “walking in [the] addressed. “Truth” is the author’s way of alluding to theologi- truth”). The use of the Greek verb περιπατέω (peripatew) to cal orthodoxy in the face of the challenge by the opponents refer to conduct or lifestyle is common in the NT (see 1 John (see 1 John 3:19). 1:6, 3 John 3-4, as well as numerous times in Paul. Here the sn All those who know the truth refers to true Christians phrase refers to conduct that results when a person has who are holding fast to the apostolic Christology in the face of “truth” residing within, and possibly alludes to the indwelling the secessionist opponents described in 1 John. Spirit of Truth (see 2 John 2). In the specific context of 2 John tc The prepositional phrase that begins v. 2, διὰ τὴν the phrase refers to true Christians who are holding fast to ἀλήθειαν (dia thn alhqeian, “because of the truth”), is an apostolic Christology in the face of the secessionist oppo- MSS Ψ nents’ challenge to orthodoxy. missing in a number of significant , among them 614 11 1241 1505 1739 al. However, it looks to be a simple case tn Grk “just as we received commandment from the Fa- of homoioteleuton, for v. 1 ends with τὴν ἀλήθειαν. For ther.” The idiom “we received commandment from the Fa- some of these MSS it could be an intentional omission, for the ther” means the Father gave (a) commandment to them (the sense of the passage is largely the same without the preposi- author plus the recipients). tional phrase (the following adjectival participle, in this case, 12 tn The introductory καὶ νῦν (kai nun) has some adver- would simply attach itself to the previous τὴν ἀλήθειαν). The sative (contrastive) force: The addressees are already “liv- phrase could thus have been viewed as redundant and for ing according to the truth” (v. 4) but in the face of the threat this reason expunged from the text. posed by the opponents, the author has to stress obedience sn While truth certainly has a doctrinal aspect in this con- all the more. text, the following phrase that resides in us and will be with us 13 tn The words “if I were” are not in the Greek text, but are forever suggests more than doctrine is involved. A close paral- supplied for clarity in English. lel is John 14:16-17 where Jesus promised his disciples that sn An allusion to John 13:34-35, 1 John 2:7-8. the Spirit (Paraclete) would be with them forever: “He remains 15 tn “The one” is not in the Greek text. It is supplied for with you and will be in you.” The “truth” the author speaks of clarity in English. here is a manifestation of the Spirit of Truth who is perma- 16 sn See 1 John 2:7. nently with the believer. 17 tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause indicates content. tn “And” is not in the Greek text. It is supplied for smooth- 18 tn Or “that we live.” 398 399 JOHN 1:13 heard from the beginning; thus you should walk have God.13 The one who remains in this teach- in it. 1:7 For many deceivers have gone out into ing has both the Father and the Son. 1:10 If anyone the world, people who do not confess Jesus as comes to you and does not bring this teaching, do Christ coming in the flesh. This person is the de- not receive him into your house and do not give ceiver and the antichrist! 1:8 Watch out, so that him any greeting,14 1:11 because the person who you do not lose the things we have worked for, gives him a greeting shares in his evil deeds.15 but receive a full reward. 1:9 Everyone0 who goes on ahead and does Conclusion 11 12 not remain in the teaching of Christ does not 1:1 Though I have many other16 things to write to you, I do not want to do so with17 paper and ink,18 but I hope to come visit you and speak face to face,19 so that our joy may be complete.0 1:13 The children of your elect sister greet you.21 tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause indicates result, parallel to John objective genitive (with Christ as the object of the “apostolic” 13:34 where the finalἵνα clause also indicates result. teaching) might seem to be the obvious reading in context, tn Or “should live in obedience to it.” especially since verse 7 makes reference to what a person tn Technically this ὅτι (Joti) clause is subordinate to “confesses” about Jesus Christ. A good case can also be the verb περιπατῆτε (peripathte) at the end of v. 6, giving made for a subjective genitive, however, since other Johan- the reason why the readers should walk in the command- nine uses of the genitive following the noun διδαχή (didach, ment to love one another. But BDF §456.1 notes that sub- “teaching”) favor a subjective sense here. In John 7:16, 17 ordination “is often very loose” in such cases and can be Jesus himself refers to “my teaching” and “teaching from translated “for.” Thus the ὅτι assumes something of an infer- me,” and 18:19 refers to “his (Jesus’) teaching.” Rev 2:14, 15 ential sense, drawing an inference based on what has pre- refers to the “teaching of Balaam” and “the teaching of the ceded.
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