World Bank Document

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

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Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Abbrevations

BOD- Biological Oxygen Demand COD- Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB- Central Pollution Control Board EA - Environmental Assessment ECOP- Environmental Codes of Practice EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMC - Environmental Management Cell EMP - Environmental Management Plan ESMF - Environmental and Social Management Frame Work ETRP - Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project GoI - Government of India HTL - High Tide Line ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research IMD - Indian Meteorology Department IS - Indian Standard-10500 LTL - Low Tide Line MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MSW - Muicipal Soild Waste Rules MT- Metric Tonne NAAQ -National Ambient Air Quality NGO - Non-Governmental Organizations NIHL - Noise Induced Hearing Loss

NOx – Nitrogen Oxides OHT - Over Head Tank OP - Operational Policies pH- Decimal logarithm of the Hydrogen ion activity in a solution PIA - Project Implementation Agency PPCC - Puducherry Pollution Control Committee PPMP - Post Project Monitoring Plan PUC - Pollution Under Control Certificate

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

SGWC - State Ground Water Conservation SHGT - Self Help Group Team SLEC - State Level Empowered Committee

SO2 - Sulphur dioxide SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPL - Sound Pressure Level SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SS - Suspended Solids SSO - Soil Survey Organization SSSO - State Soil Survey Organization TDS - Total Dissolved Solids TOR -Terms of References WB - World Bank

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

C O N T E N T S

Chapter Details Page No. No

Executive Summary 9-24

I Introduction 25-27

II Project Description 28-43

Policy Legal and Administrative 44-54 III frame works

IV Baseline Environment 55-66

Assessment of Environmental 67-81 V Impacts

VI Environment Management Plan 82-107

References 108

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

LIST OF TABLES

S.No Table No Particulars Page No

1 E.S.1 Details of development works proposed at 10 Goubert fish market

2 E.S.2 Details of development works proposed at 13 Chinnakadai fish market

3 E.S.3 Details of development works proposed at 15 Muthaliyarpet fish market

4 E.S.4 Details of development works proposed at 17 Saram fish market

5 E.S.5 Evaluation of the Impact of the Existing project 23 Area

6 2.1 Built UpArea of Existing Fish Markets 28

7 2.2 Summary Of Vendors And Fish Cutters In The 37 Existing Fish Markets

8 2.3 Details of development works proposed at 37 Goubert fish market

9 2.4 Details of development works proposed at 39 Chinnakadai fish market

10 2.5 Details of development works proposed at 40 Muthaliyarpet fish market

11 2.6 Details of development works proposed at Saram 41 fish market

12 3.1 Summary of the Regulations in the Policy, legal 52 and Administrative Framework applicable to the project

13 4.1 Temperature and Wind Speed 57

14 4.2 Ambient Air Quality 58

15 4.3 Noise levels 59

16 4.4 Ambient air quality standards with respect to 59 noise

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

17 4.5 Water Quality 60

18 4.6 Soil Quality 61

19 4.7 List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing 62 Goubert Fish market

20 4.8 List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing 63 Chinnakadai Fish market

21 4.9 List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing 63 Muthaliyarpet Fish market

22 4.10 List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing 63 Saram Fish market

23 4.11 Observation of Avian Fauna 64

24 4.12 Estimated Population of Puducherry Region 65

25 4.13 Municipality wise Population Status 66

26 5.1 Assessment and Evaluation 68

27 5.2 Vendors Opinion for the Temporary Shifting of 76 the Fish Market place

28 5.3 Evaluation of the Impact of the Existing project 77 Area

29 5.4 Details of Pre and Post stakeholder meetings 78 conducted at Puducherry

30 6.1 Source wise Fugitive dust control measures 83

31 6.2 Liquid Waste Generation in each Market 88

32 6.3 Average Characteristics of Waste water 89

33 6.4 Expected Treated Waste Water characteristics 90

34 6.5 92 Civil Works Specification

35 6.6 Mechanical Work Details 92

36 6.7 Vendors Opinion for the Temporary Shifting of 95 the Fish Market

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

37 6.8 Population status of Fish Vendors and cutters in 97 Goubert and Chinnakadai Markets

38 6.9 Population status of Fish Vendors and cutters in 97 Mudhaliarpet Fish Markets

39 6.10 Implementation Schedule for the proposed 100 development activity

40 6.11 Record Maintenance and Reporting 101

41 6.12 Details of Sale of fish, Solid and Liquid Waste 102 generated from the Up gradation of the Existing Fish Markets

42 6.13 Environmental Monitoring 104

43 6.14 Cost Estimates for Implementation of 106 Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

List of Site Plan

S.No Description Page No

1 Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Goubert 12

2 Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Chinnakadai 14

3 Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Muthaliyarpet 16

4 Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Saram 19

5 Plan and Sections for the Goubert and Saram Waste Water 43 Treatment Plant

List of Site Location Map

Plate No Description Page No

1 Goubert Fish Market- Location Map 30

2 Chinnakadai Fish Market- Location Map 32

3 Mudhliyarpet Fish Market- Location Map 34

4 Saram Fish Market- Location Map 36

5 Key plan showing the sampling locations for Air, water, 56 noise and soil –existing four Fish markets at Puducherry

List of Photo Plates

Plate No Description Page No

1 Pre- stake holder meeting in the Goubert Thirumana 80 Mandabam- Puducherry - 12.02.2009

2 Post-stakeholder meeting in Thiru Murugan Thirumana 81 Mandabam-Lawspet-Puducherry-13.11.2009

3 Relocation of Goubert and Chinnakkadi Fish Markets 95

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

With a view to revive the livelihoods and promote recovery in the Tsunami- affected areas and part of the various activities under the headings of ‘Repair, Reconstruction and Upgrading of Public Buildings and Public Works’, the Government of Puducherry has proposed to improve the existing fish markets namely, Goubert, Chinnakadai, Muthaliyarpet and Saram through Project Implementation Agency (PIA), under the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP). The main objective of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to assess the Environmental components for the Existing Four Fish Markets at Puducherry and to prepare suitable Environmental Management plan. First phase of this study, the holistic ideas of the present status of the Puducherry were recorded with the Project Implementation Agency (PIA), under the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP) formed to pursue development projects in the Tsunami affected villages of Puducherry. The present Environmental status of the four fish markets namely, Goubert, Chinnakadai, Muthaliyarpet, and Saram were observed recorded and discussed. The baseline environmental components were assessed with parameters like air, water, soil, noise, odour and Ecological resources of floral and faunal status. All these environmental parameters are recorded, analyzed and discussed in detail and the likely impacts on each environmental component during construction and operational phases are evaluated. The mitigation measures and management plan for environmental components are discussed and suggested.

E.S. 2 Project Details The project aims at the facelift to the existing structure of four fish markets, which comprises with the improvement of water supply, sanitation, electrical fittings, solid and Liquid waste management, safety and security.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Market wise details are as follows:

Table. E.S.1. Details of development works proposed at Goubert fish market

Face lifting Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ to the supply Liquid waste security Existing and others structure

1.Repairing 1. Repairing Solid waste 1.Repairing the existing the existing 1.Repairing the existing water tank electrical line of existing 1. Providing Providing damaged and and drainage separate first-aid kit roof pipeline. replacement and containers for and fire including the of damaged providing cutters and extinguishe fixation of fittings and cover slab vendors to r in the transparent providing collect and market premises sheets new line and deposit fish fittings in the wastes and

left out area. other wastes separately.

2.Repairing the peeled 2.Provision 2. Provision of 2. Facelift concrete of new pipe community to the beams lines and bins. taps in the existing 3.Renewing uncovered Toilet Liquid waste including of worn out area. 1. Making the iron grills appropriate regularizatio arrangements 4.Raising the n of water to collect the floor level supply. waste water 5.Providing separately. new sale benches and 2. Creation of shelves to a waste water vendors and treatment fish cutters plant, to treat the waste 6. Provision water of wire mesh generated

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport in the open from the area to market and prevent bird let out the menace. treated water into the public 7.Improving drainage the dry fish system sale-area including the partition between the dry fish area and fresh water fish area.

8.Repairing the entrance gates

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Site Plan 1. Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Goubert

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Table. E.S.2. Details of development works proposed at Chinnakadai fish market

Face lifting Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ to the supply Liquid Security and Existing waste others structure

Solidwaste 1.Repairing Providing First- the existing 1. Providing Aid Kit and Fire damaged separate extinguishers roof including containers for in the market the fixation cutters and complex. of vendors to transparent collect and sheets deposit fish wastes and 2.Raising the other wastes floor level separately. and Providing new sale 2. Provision benches and of community shelves to bins. vendors and Liquidwaste cutters. 1.Making appropriate arrangements to collect the waste water separately and will be treated with Disinfecting agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drain in regular intervals.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Site Plan 2. Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Chinnakadai

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Table. E.S.3. Details of development works proposed at Muthaliyarpet fish market

Face lifting Water supply Electrical Solid and Safety/ to the Sanitatio Liquid waste security existing n and others structure

1. Repairing Solidwaste 1.Constructi 1.Construction the existing 1.Repairi on of RCC of high level electrical ng of 1. Providing 1. Providing roofing at water tank line and existing separate first-aid the entry replacement drainage containers for kit and fire area of damaged and cutters and extinguish vendors to er in the fittings and providing 3. Provision providing cover collect and market of walk- in- new line and slab. deposit fish premises cooler fittings in wastes and

the left out other wastes 4. Renewal separately. of ladder area. 2. Provision of 5. Partition community of dry fish bins. area and fresh water Liquidwaste fishes area. 1. Making 6.Providing appropriate new sale arrangements benches and to collect the shelves to waste water vendors and separately and fish will be treated with

disinfecting agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drain in regular intervals.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Site Plan 3. Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Muthaliyarpet

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Table. E.S.4 Details of development works proposed at Saram fish market

Face lift to Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ the existing supply Liquid security structure waste and others

1.Renewing Solid waste 1.Roughening the 1. Covering --- the floor. -- electrical the drain 1. Providing fittings with slabs. separate 2. Erection of containers for market name cutters and board. vendors to collect and 3. Providing deposit fish walk–in– wastes and cooler. other wastes separately. 4. Provision of additional ventilation 2. Provision of community bins.

Liquid waste

1. Making appropriate arrangements to collect the waste water separately.

2. Creation of a waste water treatment plant, to treat the waste water generated

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

from the market and let out the treated water into the public drainage system

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Site Plan 4. Improvement to the Existing Fish Market- Saram

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

E.S.3. Baseline Environmental status of the Project

In order to assess the baseline Environmental Status of the existing fish markets, monitoring of various environmental parameters were conducted. In addition to the baseline environmental monitoring, field survey for all the environmental components and discussions with fish vendors were conducted. The baseline environmental monitoring results suggests that the ambient air quality, noise level and water quality in the project areas are well within the permissible standards as prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

E.S.2 Environmental Impact The potential impacts of project, during upgradation and operational phases are briefly described below.

E.S. 2.1 Air Pollution - Baseline assessment of Ambient Air quality was observed at three different locations in the study area namely Muthaliyarpet, Near Goubert (Chinnakadai) and Saram with the following:

To establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and To identify the major air pollution sources and their impacts in and around the activity area and The sources of air pollution in the activity area are identified as automobile traffic, dust arising from various movements etc.

This assessment is accomplished by examining the sources for air emissions within the area of 5 km radius of the proposed project site and through site- specific background sampling programme. The sources of air pollution in the region are identified as vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved roads, etc.

Air pollution parameters such as SPM, SO2, Nox were monitored and determined. The observed values were compared with National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard limits of commercial area and it clearly indicates that all the observed parameters Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Suspended

Particulate Matter [SO2, NOx and SPM(NAAQ)] are well within the prescribed limits of Puducherry Pollution Control Committee It shows that the air quality parameters are well below the prescribed limits of NAAQ Standards. Air pollution mainly occurs due to the vehicular during upgradation. However, the ambient air

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport quality is well within the permissible limits and hence the ambient air quality is in safe condition.

E.S. 4.2.2 Noise Pollution- Noise levels of the five proposed project market sites were recorded. The recorded ambient noise levels are well within the permissible limit.

E.S. 4.2.3 Wastewater and Solid Waste a. Water:To establish the base-line ground water quality in the proposed market area, ground water from Muthaliyarpet, Chinnakadai and Saram were collected. The water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and compared with the drinking water standards as in IS: 10500. The observations show that the ground water is neutral pH. The parameters of Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Chlorides, Magnesium and Alkalinity are within the prescribed limits of drinking water standards. Parameters of BOD and COD are found to be nil and not traceable. b. Wastewater: The waste water generated at the time of up gradation site will be temporary in nature and minimum and the same may be discharged into drain. It has been proposed to install wastewater treatment plant, to treat the waste water generated from the markets located at Goubert and Saram respectively and the treated water will be let out into the public drainage system. The wastewater generated from Chinnakadai and Muthaliarpet will be collected in respective market will be treated with disinfecting agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drains. c. Solid:The solid waste generated from the market premises are to be collected by providing bins and transported for handed over to municipal authorities for treatment and safe disposal.

E.S.4.2.4 Soil quality: Based on the survey conducted by State Soil Survey Organization 19 soil series were identified in this region. The identification of soil series is based on land capability, irrgability, texture and productive potential. The Puducherry region is flat plain with an average elevation of about 15 m above Mean Sea Level. The 21

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport terrain becomes undulating with predominant high grounds varying from 30 to 45 m above Mean Sea Level towards interior.

To understand the soil quality of the study area, soil sampling was carried out at three locations. Composite soil sampling (10 to 15 cm depth) was carried out at each location. it can be concluded that soils are generally sandy loam in texture at Chinnakadai, Muthaliyarpet whereas silty loam in nature at Saram. It may also be observed that silty soil has moderate in phosphorous and nitrogen content.

E.S. 4.2.5. Ecological Resources The present status of the flora and fauna in the study area is described below.

a. Flora There is no appreciable vegetation cover within the study area. Very few common woody floral species like Neem-Azadirachta indica, Desai Badam- Termialia sp., Pongam-Pongamia glabra and Jamun-Syzygium sp. are found as avenue plantation and the details are illustrated in Table 4-7. The presence of Ficus religiosa (Hooker, 1872-1987)in the wall creek of the Goubert market will not have any impact due to the upgradation of the existing fish market. The Pongam, Neem and Jamun are avenue plantation trees, which are present in the entrance of the Chinnakadai fish market will not have any impact during both construction and operational phases. Similarly the presence of Neem and coconut tree, near the compound wall of Muthaliyarpet fish market will not have any impact due to the upgradation of the existing fish market. In Saram fish market the neem tree will not have any impact because it is present in the corner of the market premises during both construction and operational phases. b. Fauna Absence of reserve forest, scrub jungle and sanctuary within the project area, it lies within the urban limits. Few common species of residential avian fauna was recorded in the project site they are Common Crow-Corvus splendens, House Sparrow-Passer domesticus, Common Myna-Acridotheres tristis and Jungle Crow-Corvus macrorhynchos (Ali, 1980).

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

E.S. 5. Assessment of Environmental Impacts

On assessment it is evaluated as that the significance levels on the impact of environment, by executing this project will be either of low or moderate as detailed below:

Table. E.S. 5. Evaluation of the Impact of the Existing project Area

Significance levels Environmental Construction Phase Operational Phase Components Low Moderate High Low Moderate High 1. Air -- √ -- -- √ -- 2. Water a. Surface √ ------√ -- -- b. Ground √ -- -- √ 3. Soil √ -- -- √ -- -- 4. Waste -- √ -- -- √ --

5. Noise -- √ -- -- √ --

6.Odour -- √ -- -- √ --

7.Flora species √ -- -- √ -- --

8.Fauna species √ -- -- √ -- --

9.Socio-economic -- √ -- √ -- --

Note: √=Observed

From the above matrix it is clear that only low and moderate impacts are identified and high impacts are not identified.

E.S.6. Stake Holders Consultation

Pre and Post Stakeholder meeting were conducted with Fishermen community NGO and connection with Government Officials. Views of the Fishermen, Vendors, NGOs were taken into consideration and based on the same, suggestions are made in the Environmental Mitigation Plan.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

E.S. 7 Review of Legal and Administrative Issues

A detailed and careful review on the legal and administrative issues involved in the execution and O&M phases of this project were made. Appropriate suggestions have also been made for the compliance of the provisions of the Acts and Rules concerned.

E.S. 8. Mitigation of Impacts and Environmental Management Plan To mitigate the impact during up gradation of the fish markets, an environmental Management plan has been prepared as parts of the EMP to evaluate the efficiency of implementation of mitigation measures recommended in the EMP and facilitate management decisions for the project. The EMP shall be included in the contract document of the project for implementation by the contractor under supervision of the Construction Supervision Consultant and Project Implementation Agency (PIA).

E.S. 4. Cost Estimate For Environmental Management Plan The Cost estimate for the implementation of Environmental Management Plan in the proposed project sites is about Rs. 25 lakhs as capital cost with annual monitoring cost of Rs. 3.28 lakhs.

E.S. 5. Conclusions No significant adverse impacts are anticipated on the environment due to the renovation works of the fish markets. However, temporary impacts are anticipated on air quality, noise levels, water quality, soil quality and flora and fauna. Mitigation measures are proposed in the Environmental Management Plan for the negative impacts. The environmental monitoring plan, reporting mechanism and proposed activity as part of the EMP will ensure the proper implementation of the EMP. Thus the overall benefits of project outweigh the negative impacts.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Preamble Tsunami has literally washed away the coastline of Puducherry and Tamilnadu state resulting colossal damages along the coastal areas. The focal issues of the damage caused by the Tsunami in the project area are affecting the living status of fishermen.The present condition of the region reflects rapid urban development; but, there are communities which are still facing the Tsunami repercussions. One such community that requires urgent attention is the fishermen community along the coast of Puducherry, who face periodic economic losses In order to uplift the fishermen existence, economically and socially, the Government of Puducherry has proposed to improve the four existing fish markets, namely Goubert, Chinnakadai, Muthaliyarpet and Saram under Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP). The proposed project for the improvement of the Existing fish markets consists of Inception Report, International scenario on fish markets, Sectoral study and analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environment Management Plan (EMP) Detailed Project Reports (DPR). The development activities now proposed, is as an initiative by the Puducherry Government to promote economic progress in the fishing industry and wellbeing of the fishermen colony in Pondicherry regions.

Assessment of existing environmental standards of the locality, identification of environmental issues that might have risen during the execution and operation and preparing the plan for the mitigation of adverse issues predicted, is the basic need for any project. To comply with this basic requirement, ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ was conducted and identified the potential impacts on the environment due to the construction activities and operation of the project and the mitigation measures to be provided.

1.2 Historical back ground Puducherry region including Puducherry/Oulgaret Municipality limits was the French settlement and the French Governors administered the territory. After one hundred and thirty eight years, French left the shores on 31st October 1954,

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport following defacto transfer of power. Puducherry/Oulgaret Municipality lies within Union Territory of Puducherry.

1.3. Physical and Geographical Characteristics a. Physical Characteristics: Puducherry /Oulgaret Municipality region is a flat country of average elevation of about 15 meters above sea-level, intersected by the deltaic channels of river Gingee, Ponnaiyar and other streams forming the two main drainage basins, interspersed with lagoons, lakes and tanks. River Gingee crosses the region diagonally from northwest to southeast. Ponnaiyar forms the southern border. The alluvial delta of Ponnaiyar is only a few meters above the sea. To the northwest of these hills are sections of fossiliferous limestone formations of the Cretacian age. To the south of this area is situated the alluvial tract of Varahanadi (Gingee) and to the north is the recent alluvium.

b. Geographical Zones: Puducherry/Oulgaret Municipality region consists of four geographical zones. The coastal zone comprises with newer and older dunes including saline areas of clayey texture. The second zone is made up of the two plateaus called the Puducherry plateau and the Tiruvakkarai plateau composed of a geological formation called the ‘Cuddalore Sandstone’. The upper layers are made up of red transported ferralitic soil. The Valudavur plain lies between these two plateaus. Marshy depressions are also frequently encountered in the plains of Valudavur. The flat alluvial zone occupies the rest of the Puducherry region.

c. Climate: Puducherry/Oulgaret Municipality experiences a hot and tropical maritime type of climate characterized by small daily range of temperature, humid weather and moderate rainfall. The summer season prevails from March to June followed by the period of the southwest monsoon, which lasts up to September. The months of October and November constitute the main northeast monsoon season. The winter season prevails from December to February. d. Rainfall: The average annual rainfall is of the order of 127 cm. Of this about 50 per cent is recorded during October – November. November is the rainiest month contributing about 30 per cent of the annual rainfall. The variability of annual rainfall is fairly large and that of seasonal rainfall still larger. In a year there are on an average, about 55 rainy days.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport e. Temperature: The mean daily temperature ranges from 250C to 320C and will rise to 370C during hot summer months of May and the early parts of June. December and January form the coolest part of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 280C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 210C.

f. Humidity: In view of the coastal location the relative humidity is generally high. It ranges from 50 percent to 75 percent.

g. Wind Directions: Winds are generally light to moderate in velocity during summer and early southwest monsoon season. During southwest monsoon, winds are mostly from south to west. During the summer season, winds are southwesterly or westerly in the morning and southerly or southwesterly in the afternoons. In October and January winds are varied in directions.

h. Ground Water Table: Ground water in the project area is generally found at the shallow depths of five to ten feet in the coastal areas and 30-40 m in the western parts. The ground water drops by few meters in the lean months.

1.4. Area: Total area of Oulgaret Municipality is 36.70 sq. km.

1.5 Scope of the Project

• Collection of baseline data on land, air, noise and water of the locality of existing fish-markets, which are proposed to be upgraded and assessing their standards as prescribed under relevant rules

• Identify the nature and severity of specific, significant environmental issues associated with the project;

• Identify easily implementable mitigations for the significant environmental issues.

• Preparation of EMP – Environmental Management Plan - that will detail out the management of environmental impacts at each stage of project implementation and subsequent management/operation.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

Chapter- 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Preamble

For the proposed up gradation of existing five fish markets, environmental assessment and management plan has been developed with the identification of all environmental issues relevant with land, air, water, noise, odour, human health, disposal/management of liquid/solid wastes/run off and other environmental impacts, related to the assignment that may have adverse and/or positive and direct or indirect impacts on each stage of design, construction, maintenance and operation of these fish markets.

2.2. SITE AREA AND BUILTUP AREA OF THE EXISTING FISH MARKETS

The site area and the built-up area of the existing five fish markets taken up for the upgradation are illustrated in Table: 2.1.

Table. 2.1 Built UpArea of Existing Fish Markets

Proposed area for S. Site Area Build Up area the Waste water Fish Market No. (sq.m) (sq.m) Treatment Plant (sq.m)

1 Goubert 1576 1180 (GF=1108+ 1 st Floor=72) 18

2 Chinnakkadi 433 433 -

3 Mudhaliyarpet 235 235 -

4 Saram 757 522 (GF) 18

Note: GF-Ground Floor

2.3 EXISTING FISH MARKETS SCENRAIO

2.3.1 Goubert Fish Market

It is 27 years old fish market situated in the central market complex in J. Nehru Street and M. G. Road with total occupancy of 339 fish vendors and 28

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIAReport

16 fish cutters. After a careful study of the existing fish market area, it is observed that the market area is insufficient for both fish vendors and cutters resulting in congestion on all days. In addition to above the existing fish market is found to be with the following issues causing difficulty to the fish vendors and cutters and the consumers.

The fish market is not provided with platform and top slab for the fish vendors to sit and market their fishes.

a. The existing floor level of the fish market at this location is very low resulting in stagnant of water causing drainage problems.

b. The Existing toilet is found to be used by the local street peoples during non-working hours of the fish market causing sanitary problems to the market place.

Photo: 1. Observation of Noise level at Goubert fish Market

c. The existing fish market structure is observed with peeling of concrete and leakage, rusted grills resulting in poor structural stability and maintenance.

d. Lack of water supply.

e. Poor maintenance and electrical supply to the existing fish market.

f. Fire extinguisher and first aid kit is not provided in the market.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

2.3.2 Chinnakadai Fish Market This fish market is functioning with 30 vendors and 15 fish cutters. The market is improved recently with facilities like sale benches, toilet, water supply, lighting arrangements and cooler. But, however the roof is found to be leaking due to poor maintenance and resulting inconvenience to the vendors and customers. Moreover, the market is not provided with good drainage system.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

2.3.3 Mudhaliarpet Fish Market

This market is functioning with 30 fish vendors and 06 fish cutters and the major issues are lack of cold storage, insufficient water supply, lack of drainage system, insufficient space for fish cutting and dry fish sale, damaged sale tables, damaged electrical fittings and no provision for disposal of fish wastes.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

2.3.4 Saram Fish Market This small market is situated at a portion of the main market complex and it has been constructed in the year 1993. It is functioning with 20 vendors and 7 fish cutters. The existing discrepancies in this market are - demand for cold storage, repairing and renewal of electrical fittings in the sales point.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 2-2. Summary of Vendors And Fish Cutters In The Existing Fish Markets

Fish S.No. Name of the Fish market Fish Cutters vendors

1 Goubert 339 16

2 Chinnakadai 30 15

3 Mudhaliyarpet 30 06

4 Saram 20 07

Total 419 44

2.4. Proposed Improvement

It is proposed improve the existing four fish market to the state of art, particularly on facelift to the existing structure, improvement of water supply, sanitation, electrical fittings, waste management, safety and security. The details of the proposed improvements are tabulated market wise and given below, as per Table No. 2.3, 2.4 . 2.5, 2.6 and 2.7.

Table No. 2.3: Details of development works proposed at Goubert fish market

Face lifting Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ to the supply Liquid waste security Existing and others structure

1.Repairing 1. Repairing Solid waste 1.Repairing the existing the existing 1.Repairing the existing water tank electrical line of existing 1. Providing Providing damaged and and drainage separate first-aid kit roof pipeline. replacement and containers for and fire including the of damaged providing cutters and extinguishe fixation of fittings and cover slab vendors to r in the transparent providing collect and market sheets new line and deposit fish premises fittings in the wastes and

left out area. other wastes separately.

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2.Repairing the peeled 2.Provision 2. Provision of concrete 2. Facelift of new pipe community beams to the lines and existing bins. 3.Renewing taps in the Toilet Liquid waste of worn out uncovered including iron grills area. the 1. Making regularizatio appropriate 4.Raising the n of water arrangements floor level supply. to collect the waste water 5.Providing separately. new sale benches and shelves to 2. Creation of vendors and a waste water fish cutters treatment plant, to treat 6. Provision the waste of wire mesh water in the open generated area to from the prevent bird market and menace. let out the treated water 7.Improving into the public the dry fish drainage sale-area system including the partition between the dry fish area and fresh water fish area.

8.Repairing the entrance gates

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Table No. 2.4: Details of development works proposed at Chinnakadai fish market

Face lifting Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ to the supply Liquid Security and Existing waste others structure

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Table No. 2.5: Details of development works proposed at Muthaliyarpet Fish market

Face lifting Water supply Electrical Solid and Safety/ to the Sanitatio Liquid waste security existing n and others structure

1. Repairing Solidwaste 1.Constructi 1.Construction the existing 1.Repairi 1. Providing on of RCC of high level electrical ng of 1. Providing existing separate roofing at water tank line and first-aid drainage containers for the entry kit and fire replacement and cutters and extinguish area of damaged providing vendors to er in the fittings and cover collect and 3. Provision providing slab. deposit fish market of walk- in- wastes and new line and premises cooler other wastes fittings in separately. 4. Renewal the left out 2. Provision of of ladder area. community bins. 5. Partition of dry fish Liquidwaste area and 1. Making fresh water appropriate fishes area. arrangements to collect the 6.Providing waste water new sale separately and benches and will be treated shelves to with vendors and disinfecting fish agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drain in regular intervals.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table No. 2.6: Details of development works proposed at Saram fish market

Face lift to Water Electrical Sanitation Solid and Safety/ the existing supply Liquid security structure waste and others

Liquid waste

1. Making appropriate arrangements to collect the waste water separately.

2. Creation of a waste water treatment plant, to treat the waste water generated from the

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market and let out the treated water into the public drainage system

2.5. Waste water Treatment facilities Waste water collected from Goubert and saram fish markets will be treated in the Waste Water Treatment Plant to be installed in respective market and treated waste water will be let into the municipal drain.

The Waste water generated at Chinnakadai and Mudhaliarpetai will be collected into the waste water collecting pits within the fish market premises and it would be treated with disinfecting agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drain in regular intervals.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Site Plan 5. Plan and Sections for the Goubert and Saram Waste Water Treatment Plant

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Chapter-3

POLICY, LEGAL and ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 Preamble:

The Country is equipped with a solid brigade of legal provisions and policy documents designed to protect and improve the natural environment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool for protecting the environment. EIA ensures that environmental impacts are considered during conception, design and implementation of projects. EIA also provides developers and decision makers with an opportunity to examine likely impacts of development proposals on the environment and thereby recommend mitigate actions for adverse impacts before decisions are made to approve such actions. Further EIA also review the impact on the existing Policy, Legal and Administrative framework and the likely short comings, their impact and the protective measures to be initiated to avoid such short comings. Accordingly the impact of the proposed project on Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework were reviewed, impacts assessed and protective measures suggested, as under.

3.2. Policy:

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the fundamental legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. Based on this fundamental legislation various environmental policies have been evolved and notified in the form of acts, rules and other statutory notifications. Considering the necessity, arising then and there, the Government notifying amendments to the rules, acts besides notifying certain new policies. The Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 is one among such policy which formulates guidelines, methods and procedures for clearing the projects which affect the environment and for the preparation of reports for getting clearance.

The overall Goal of the Policy is sustainable social and economic development, which maintains or enhances environmental quality and resource productivity. The specific Policy objectives are to introduce:

• Sound environmental management,

• Environmental Planning,

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• Ecosystem Conservation,

• Sustainable resource consumption, and

• Environmental awareness and community participation.

Within the policy, EIA is recognized as an important tool to assist in attaining the above-mentioned Policy objectives. The Policy also recognizes that “the low cost of preventing environmental damage compared to the high cost of repairing such damage is a sound economic justification for instituting and carrying out Environmental Impact Assessments” The Policy in advocating for the use and application of EIA, seeks to integrate environmental concerns early enough in the development planning process for all activities and projects at national, district and local levels, with full public participation.

In addition to the above policy provisions, other Sectoral natural resources Policies of the Government of India and Union Territory of Puducherry referred in this report which are likely to attract the affect the policy strategies, shall also be taken into review.

In order to understand the implementation status, it is important to understand the framework under which the EIA system is based. Active participation and involvement of the critical stakeholders whose collective contribution must be brought into play to produce one whole working system. The critical stakeholders in the EIA process include the following:

i. Developers whose role it is to carry out EIAs as part and parcel of their overall planning process,

ii. The Central Pollution Control Board and the Puducherry Pollution Control Committee, which have the mandate to co-ordinate, supervise and monitor the implementation of the EIA requirements.

iii. Authorities in the Project Implementation Unit, Puducherry.

iv. Members of the general public, including those communities likely to be affected by development activities and whose input is critical at various stages of the planning and development process. This also includes

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NGOs and civil society groups whose advocacy role provides pressure for effective adoption of EIA as a planning and decision making tool.

3.1 Legal Frame Work

Government of India has laid out various acts and regulations pertaining to sustenance of environment. In addition to this Central Government, State Government and various National and International policy guidelines are laid out to restrict development activities and the pollution at proposed project and are summarized in following sections.

3.1.1 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environment (protection) Rules. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the basic legislation providing for the protection of environment in the country. This act has been amended from time to time to control Environment (Protection) Rules also notified in 1989. which were formulated in 1986. Under “The Environment (Protection) Act”, 1989, the development project requires clearance from the State Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forests. As this project fall under up gradation work, obtaining clearance from concerned authority is essential and this Act is applicable.

3.1.2 The Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 Notification on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of developmental projects has been issued on January 1, 1994 under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act 1986. Since the project of the up gradation of the market’s build up area is less than 20,000 sq.meter, it does not attract the provision of the notification.

3.1.3 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 determines the quality and effluent standards on the parameters on ground and surface water and empowers Central and State Pollution Control Board/Committee for monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders, and issuing licenses for construction and operation of certain facilities.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

3.1.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 empowers the SPCBs to enforce air quality set by the CPCB. The project requires obtaining clearance from the Puducherry Pollution Control Committee (PPCC) pursuant to the water (Prevention and Control of pollution Act of 1974, the cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.

3.1.5 Odour pollution (Prevention and Control)

In India, Schedule II and Schedule IV (General standards for discharge of effluents) under Environmental (protection) Rules, 1986 prescribes that all efforts shall be made to remove unpleasant odour as far as practicable. Nonetheless, there are only two industries, wherein industry specific standards under Schedule-I of these Rules mandate odour removal. These are the fermentation industries and the natural rubber industries. As this project concerned with fish, odour is unavoidable and the act is applicable.

3.1.6 Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000

The Government of India has notified Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling Rules) 2000 under Environmental Protection Act 1986, in which set of guidelines were framed to manage, handle and dispose of the solid waste generated in a municipal town. During the construction and in operation process will generate solid waste, debris and construction waste and they have to be managed , handled and disposed of in accordance with the provisions made under MSW Rules 2000, by the stakeholders concerned.

3.1.7 State Level Legislation and other Acts

In addition, with respect to hygiene and health, during the construction period, the provisions as laid down in the Factories Act, 1948 and the Buildings and other Construction Workers (Regulation and Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1996 would also applicable.

3.1.8 Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 The Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment, which is applicable to this project also.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

3.1.9 Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970 The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour and in case the contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided by the employer by law. The employer is required to take certificate of registration and the contractor is required to take a license from the designated officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or contractor of principle employer is they employ 20 or more contract labour and is well applicable for this project.

3.1.10 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 The employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum wages fixed by appropriate government as per provisions of the act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Constructions of Buildings, Road and Runway are scheduled employments. Hence this act is applicable for the present project.

3.1.11 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 It lay down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers and is applicable to this project.

3.1.12. Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in Building and construction Industry. This Act is applicable to this project also.

3.1.13. Environmental and Social Management Framework of ETRP The environmental policies and regulations reviewed for this project are broadly categorized into the following four categories: ¾ Environmental and social Management Frame work of ETRP ¾ Operation al policies/ directives of the world Bank ¾ Environmental Policies and regulations of Government of India ¾ Environmental Policies and Regulations of Government of Puducherry

3.1.14. Environmental and Social Management Frame work of ETRP An exclusive Environmental and social Management Framework (ESMF) has been formulated for the Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project (ETRP) under which the

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report proposed work shelter project is to be funded. This framework describes the principles, policies guidelines and procedures to be followed in minimizing and mitigating the adverse environmental and social impacts caused as result of the implementation of the Tsunami reconstruction activities. The ESMF is in the line with the Environmental and social safeguards policies and directives of the World Bank. It was prepared jointly by the Government of Tamil Nadu and Government of Pondicherry in association with the World Bank and was published on April 8, 2005. The ESMF necessitates the Project Implementation Agency (PIA) to make all reasonable efforts to consult relevant stake holders including the affected communities and NGOs in the implementation of the project and to incorporate local community needs and resolve conflicts. The ESMF assists the PIA in screening the sub-projects for social and environmental issues and/ or impacts, in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and he Bank’s safeguard policies.

3.1.14.1 Environmental Screening of the project as per the ESMF of ETRP Environmental screening and review process for environmental impacts of the project is presented in the ESMF of ETRP. The project Implementation Agency (PIA) has to review and screen the sub- project before submitting it to the State Level Empowered Committee (SLEC) for approval. The screening process primarily assesses whether the sub- project is in the negative list of projects, which shall not be funded under ETRP. Further, the screening process assesses whether the sub-project requires a full- fledged EA, and if yes whether the EMP is adequate and it is integrated with the contracts. If the sub-projects do not require a full-fledged EA, the screening process assesses whether the ESMF guidelines are integrated with the contracts. The screening process also assesses whether the sub- projects requires clearance from State/ Central authorities. The screening process ensures the inclusion of appropriate environmental standards, guidelines and codes of practice in the project design and contract documentation. Considering the fully reversible nature and minimal magnitude of potential environmental impacts from relatively limited scale and magnitude of the sub-projects, the ETRP is classified as Category B in the ESMF. Because of the same reasons, the present sub-projects for considering fish markets for fishermen community is also classified as category B, which requires an Environmental Assessment and project

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report specific Environmental Management Plan. Further, the PIA shall apply the following minimum standards during the project implementation. Inclusion of standard Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) in the bid document. Review and oversight of major construction works by specialists. Implementation of environmentally and socially sound options for disposal of debris. Provisions for adequate budget and satisfactory institutional arrangements for monitoring effective implementation of the ECOP.

3.1.14.2. Social Screening of the Project as per the ESMF of ETRP ESMF of ETRP describes the social screening and review process for social impacts of the project. The Project Implementation Agency (PIA) has to review and screen the sub-project before submitting it to the State Level Empowered Committee (SLEC) for approval. Social review shall be used as the key management tool for identifying opportunities for lower impact project opportunities (through an alternative analysis exercise whenever possible) and /or for the identification of necessary mitigation measures in accordance with the prevailing legal framework and the bank’s safeguard policies.

3.1.14.3 Operational Policies/ Directives of the World Bank The following World Bank Operational Policies (OP) were found relevant with respect to the Proposed project and are reviewed below: OP 3.01- Environmental Assessment OP 3.04- Natural Habitats OP 3.10- Indigenous Peoples OP 3.11- Physical Cultural Resources

Safeguard Policies of the World Bank

OP 3.01- Environmental Assessment O.P. 3.01 Intents to help ensure the environmental and social soundness and sustainability of investment projects and to support integration of environmental and social aspects of projects into the decision making process.

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OP 3.01 specifies the environmental screening to be carried out for each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of Environmental Assessment to be carried out. Projects are classified into one of following four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts.

Category A: A Proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that a sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A Project examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the without Project situation) and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. A comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Report is to be prepared for a Category A project.

¾ Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human population or environmentally important areas. Including wetlands, forests, grasslands and other natural habitats-are less adverse then those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from Project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A Environmental Assessment.

¾ Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C Project.

Based on the assessment of project activities and their anticipated impacts, the project has been categorized as Category B Project and requires and Environmental Assessment

3.1.15.1. Screening Process The proposed project activity comprises of up gradation of existing fish markets and the anticipated impacts in concern with environment and social aspects for up

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gradation works in design, construction, maintenance, sanitation water quantity and quality.

Table 3.1. Summary of the Regulations in the Policy, legal and Administrative Framework applicable to the project

S. No. Act and Regulations Regulations

Since the project of the up gradation of the The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and market’s build up area is 1 the Environment Impact Assessment less than 20,000 Notification, 2006 sq.meter, it does not attract the provision of the notification. 2 The Water (Prevention and Control of Water waste generation Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Water occurs at construction (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 and operational phases.

The same have to be regularized and monitored in accordance with the provisions of these act and rules. 3 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Ambient Air quality Act, 1981 standards affected during construction phase. 4. Municipal Solid Waste (management & Solid waste generation Handling ) Rules 2000 take place at the maintenance stage. The Waste shall be managed and handled in accordance the provisions of MSW Rules 2000. 5 Odour pollution (Prevention and Control) As this project concerned with fish, odour is unavoidable and the act

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is applicable. In respect to health and hygiene, of the workers in the construction period the provisions as laid 6 State Level Legislation and other Acts down in the Factories

Act, 1948 and the buildings Regulation of the Employers, this acts also applicable. 7 This act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 out of and during the

course of employment, which is applicable to this project. 8 This act is applicable to the contractor of principle employer is they employ Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) 20 or more contract Act, 1970 labour and is well applicable for this project. Constructions of buildings, road, and runway are scheduled Minimum Wages Act, 1948 9 employments and hence

this act is applicable for the present proposed project.

10 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 This act lay down the date, wage and

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deductions for the workers and is applicable to this project. Employment of child labour is prohibited in the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 11 building and construction 1986 activity so this Act is applicable to this project.

The methodology adopted for monitoring the surface observations is, as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and Indian Meteorological Department. The year may broadly be divided into three seasons namely, Pre monsoon Season, Monsoon Season and Post-monsoon Season.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

CHAPTER- 4

BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Preamble

Baseline Environmental status forms the basis for evaluation of the proposed development on the existing conditions. This can be broadly grouped into physical, social, aesthetic and economic environment. Physical environment includes air, water and land. Biological components are aquatic and terrestrial floral and faunal species. The social environment includes demography civic infrastructure and public services etc. Aesthetic environment are historical monuments, archaeological or architectural sites at and in the vicinity of the proposed project activity.

The present environmental surveys the attributes of environment components like air, water, land, biological and socio-economic aspects. It is important to define the project activity, locations for conducting the environmental survey to rightly assess the changes likely to arise due to the proposed developmental/up-gradation activities. Hence, the environmental parameters are observed and recorded to establish an existing environmental scenario.

4.2 Meteorology

The basic meteorological parameters pertaining to the air pollution problem are those governing the transport and diffusion of the pollutants in the atmosphere and they are wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity and cloud cover/rainfall.

Meteorology includes both weather and climate and it is the key to understand air quality. The essential relationship between meteorology and atmospheric dispersion mainly involves the wind in the broad sense. Wind fluctuations over a very wide range of time accomplish the dispersion pattern and strongly influence various other associated processes.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Wind direction was observed by using wind vane, and velocity by using Anemometer at hourly intervals and data has been recorded and discussed. The maximum and minimum relative humidity has also been observed along with temperature by using wet and dry bulb thermometer. Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the Indian Meteorological Department station (IMD).

4.3 Temperature and Wind Speed

During the study period, maximum temperature recorded was 360C and minimum of 310C Table 4-1 and the relative humidity ranges from 42% to 63%. Throughout the study period, the sky was observed partly cloudy on the onset of pre-monsoon season. Wind speed and direction has been analyzed for eight directions namely, North, South, East, West, Northeast, Southeast, Northwest and Southwest are taken into account.

Table 4-1: Temperature and Wind Speed S. Temperature (°C) Wind Speed (km/hr) Location No. Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum 1 Goubert 35 32 1.9 1.5 2 Chinnakadai 35 31 2.1 1.6 3 Muthaliyarpet 36 33 2.0 1.5 4 Saram 35 32 2.2 1.8

4. 4 Air Environment

The air pollution can cause significant effects on human health, animals, vegetation and materials. However, the building construction, i.e., improvement activity is not a major contributor to the air pollution except for particulate matter emission during construction phase. As far as operational phase is concerned, there might be little emission due to public and vehicular movements. Air environment monitoring covers the parameter for which National ambient air quality standards have been defined by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Accordingly, parameters monitored were Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2). . An assessment of baseline air quality has been undertaken with the following and the details are illustrated in Table 4-2:

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¾ To establish the status of exposure of the major sensitive receptors, and ¾ To identify the major air pollution sources and their impacts in and around the activity area and ¾ The sources of air pollution in the activity area are identified as automobile traffic, dust arising from various movements etc.

This assessment is accomplished by examining the sources for air emissions within the area of 5 km radius of the proposed project site and through site-specific background sampling programme. The sources of air pollution in the region are identified as vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved roads, etc.

An ambient air quality network is established to ascertain the major air pollutants like

Suspended Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen (SPM, SO2, NOx) with following considerations.

¾ Meteorological conditions of the location ¾ Topography of the area and ¾ Representative background air quality/pollution pockets for obtaining baseline status

Table 4-2: Ambient Air Quality

Disciplin Paramet Date Period Observation Values e er (μg/m3) Standar Muthaliyarp Near Sara d et Goube m Limits* rt SPM 28.07.20 Pre- 151 183 137 09 Monsoo 200 Ambient n Air SO 28.07.20 Pre- 3.8 5.6 4.5 Quality 2 09 Monsoo 80 n

NOx 28.07.20 Pre- 6.7 7.9 6.2 09 Monsoo 80 n Source: * Central Pollution Control Board, 1999.

Ambient Air quality was observed at three different locations in the study area namely Muthaliyarpet, Near Goubert (Chinnakadai) and Saram. The observed values were compared with National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard limits of commercial area and it clearly indicates that all the observed parameters Sulphur

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Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Suspended Particulate Matter (SO2, NOx and SPM) are well within the prescribed limits of Puducherry Pollution Control Committee.

4.5 Noise Environment

The main objective of noise observation in the study area is to establish the baseline of noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise generated by the operation of the proposed project activities around it. Ambient noise level in the Puducherry region is relatively within the limits prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board. The ambient noise levels were compared with the standards.

Table 4-3: Noise levels

Date Period Noise Levels in Leq dB (A) Sample Morning Noon Afternoon Evening Night Location 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-2 4-6 6-8 Goubert 26.07.2009 Pre- 47 - 51 - 53 - 59 - 65 58 - 60 52 - 59 53 - 61 Monsoon 54 59 60 Chinnakadai 29.07.2009 Pre- 45 - 48 - 52 - 57 - 62 56 - 59 51 - 57 51 - 58 Monsoon 53 56 57 Muthaliyarpet 01.08.2009 Pre- 48 – 49 – 51 – 58 – 64 57 – 61 53 - 58 54 - 59 Monsoon 55 57 59 Saram 03.08.2009 Pre- 45 – 49 – 50 – 56 – 61 55 – 59 51 – 54 52 - 57 Monsoon 52 55 56

Table 4-4: Ambient air quality standards with respect to noise

Limits in L dB (A) Area Code Category of Area eq Day Time Night Time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence zone 50 40

Noise levels of the five proposed project market sites were recorded. The recorded ambient noise levels are well within the limits as shown inTable 4-3 and Table 4-4.

The traffic interpretation carried out with category of vehicles plying in all directions continuously on the National Highway coming across the project area and the major transport network of the region. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like buses, cars, two wheelers and others. This categorization of the vehicles is necessary because the speed and the emission factors vary with type of vehicle.

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4.6. Water quality Assessment

To establish the base-line ground water quality in the proposed market area, ground water from Muthaliyarpet, Chinnakadai and Saram were collected. The water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and are listed in Table 4-5 and compared with the drinking water standards as in IS: 10500.

Table 4-5: Water Quality

S. Parameter Sample Locations Desirable No. Muthaliyarpet Chinnakadai Saram Goubert Limit (IS 10500*) Date & Period 04.08.2009 05.08.2009 06.08.2009 07.08.09 (Pre- Monsoon) 1 pH 7.12 6.76 7.05 6.98 6.5 – 8.5 2 Total Suspended 19.0 16.8 17.5 15.6 50 Solids, mg/l 3 Total Dissolved 302 274 256 293 500 Solids, mg/l 4 Turbidity, 2.7 1.8 1.9 2.2 5 NTU 5 Total Hardness, 152 129 148 166 300 mg/l 6 Calcium, mg/l 44.2 38 40.5 46.7 75 7 Magnesium, 14.6 l 10.2 12.3 14.8 30 mg/l 8 Chlorides, 161 149.3 158 172 250 mg/l 9 Alkalinity, 122 131.3 117.9 133.1 200 mg/l

The above observations show that the ground water is neutral pH. The parameters Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Chlorides, Magnesium and Alkalinity are within the prescribed limits of drinking water standards. Parameters BOD and COD are found to be nil and not traceable.

4.7. Soil Environment

Based on the survey conducted by State Soil Survey Organization 19 soil series were identified in this region. The identification of soil series is based on land capability, irrgability, texture and productive potential. The Puducherry region is flat plain with an average elevation of about 15 m above Mean Sea Level. The terrain becomes

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report undulating with predominant high grounds varying from 30 to 45 m above Mean Sea Level towards interior Northwest and Northeast part of the region. The major Geomorphologic features observed in the region are Coastal plain, alluvial plain, pediments and uplands.

Soils are usually differentiated into horizons of minerals and organic constituents of varying depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical and chemical properties and composition of biological characteristics. As per the National

Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research

(ICAR), Government of India (GOI), the soils of the study area are mostly characterized as follows: Very deep, well to somewhat excessively sandy, sandy loam and silt. To understand the soil quality of the study area, soil sampling was carried out at three locations. Composite soil sampling (10 to 15 cm depth) was carried out at each location. The results are analyzed and discussed in Table – 4.6. From the tabulated data it can be concluded that soils are generally sandy loam in texture at

Chinnakadai, Muthaliyarpet whereas silty loam in nature at Saram. It may also be observed that silty soil has moderate in phosphorous and nitrogen content.

Table 4-6: Soil Quality S. Parameter Sampling Locations No. Chinnakadai Muthaliyarpet Saram

Date & Period (Pre- Monsoon) 10.08.2009 11.08.2009 12.08.2009

1 pH 7.15 6.82 7.3

2 Textural Sandy loam Sandy Loam Silty loam

3 Moisture Content, % 42.3 31.7 23.1

4 Organic Matter, % 0.88 2.16 1.66

5 Alkalinity, mg/l 1.15 1.01 0.082

6 Electrical Conductivity, mm 21 16 27

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hos/cm

7 Nitrogen (as N), mg/100 g 1.55 1.67 1.81

8 Phosphorous (as P) mg/100 1.8 1.4 1.09 g

9 Potassium (as K), mg per 0.61 1.0 0.85 100 g

4.8 Ecological Resources Absence of forest resources in the study area and no endangered faunal species have so far been reported in and around the study area. Only domestic animals are found in the market premises. The present status of the flora and fauna in the study area is described below.

4.8.1 Flora There is no appreciable vegetation cover within the study area. Very few common woody floral species like Neem-Azadirachta indica, Desai Badam-Termialia sp., Pongam-Pongamia glabra and Jamun-Syzygium sp. are found as avenue plantation and the details are illustrated inTable 4-7. The presence of Ficus religiosa (Hooker, 1872- 1987)in the wall creek of the Goubert market will not have any impact due to the upgradation of the existing fish market. The Pongam, Neem and Jamun are avenue plantation trees, which are present in the entrance of the Chinnakadai fish market will not have any impact during both construction and operational phases. Similarly the presence of Neem and coconut tree, near the compound wall of Muthaliyarpet fish market will not have any impact due to the upgradation of the existing fish market. In Saram fish market the neem tree will not have any impact because it is present in the corner of the market premises during both construction and operational phases

Table. 4.7. List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing Goubert Fish market

Common Scientific Date Period Local Name Remarks Name Name 08.08.2009 Post- Arasa Maram Peepal Ficus Attached to Monsoon religiosa wall and ceilings

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table. 4.8. List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing Chinnakadai Fish market

Local Common Scientific Date Period Remarks Name Name Name Avenue Post- Azadirachta Plantation in 08.08.2009 Vembu Neem Monsoon indica front of the market Avenue Post- Pongamia Plantation in 08.08.2009 Pungai Pongamia Monsoon glabra front of the market Avenue Post- Syzygium Plantation in 08.08.2009 Naval Jambun Monsoon sp. front of the market

Table. 4.9. List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing Muthaliyarpet Fish market Local Common Scientific Date Period Remarks Name Name Name Adjoining to the Post- Azadirachta 08.08.2009 Vembu Neem compound wall Monsoon indica of the market Adjoining to the Post- Thanai Coconut Cocos 08.08.2009 compound wall Monsoon maram tree nucifera of the market

Table. 4.10. List of Floral species Recorded in the Existing Saram Fish market

Common Scientific Date Period Saram Name Name Present inside Azadirachta 09.08.2009 Post- Monsoon Neem the market indica premises

4.8.2. Protection of the Existing Trees species Protection will be given to the tree by covering with the iron mesh, the contractor will be advised not to cut any trees in the proposed up gradation area. As some of the trees are present in the avenue line, it will not be disturbed in the construction phases. The plants which are present in the ceilings and walls are common species it will be cleared during this phase.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

4.8.2 Fauna Absence of reserve forest, scrub jungle and sanctuary within the project area, it lies within the urban limits. Few common species of residential avian fauna was recorded in the project site they are Common Crow-Corvus splendens, House Sparrow-Passer domesticus, Common Myna-Acridotheres tristis and Jungle Crow-Corvus macrorhynchos (Ali, 1980) Table 4-8.

Table 4-11: Observation of Avian Fauna

Common Scientific Sample Locations Name Name Goubert Chinnakadai Muthaliyarpet Saram

Common Corvus √ √ √ √ Crow splendens Passer House domesticus √ + √ √ Sparrow Common Acridotheres + √ √ + Myna tristis Jungle Corvus + + √ √ Crow macrorhynchos Note: √= Presence and += Absence

4.9. Socio-Economic Environmental details for Pondichery

Government services, Software jobs, daily Labours, Cultivation and agricultural activities Cultivators, Agricultural Laborers, Livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards and allied activities, Household Industries, Construction works, Trade and Commerce, Transport storage, Communication and Other Services are the main occupation of the people. The labor employment in this is not throughout the year. The local people would also get the job opportunities closer to their places of stay in the onset of the project work. Expenditure incurred by those employed at the project will boost local economy. Jobs/employment would be created for unskilled, semi skilled as well as skilled labor category, for which local population would be given preference for this improvements of the fish markets. Thus, the project is expected to contribute to the overall development of the area.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 4.12: Estimated Population of Puducherry Region

S. No. Year Population

1 1991 608338

2 1992 620000

3 1993 631833

4 1994 643892

5 1995 656182

6 1996 668706

7 1997 681469

8 1998 694476

9 1999 707730

10 2000 721238

11 2001 735004

12 2002 749032

13 2003 763329

14 2004 777898

15 2005 792745

16 2006 807875

17 2007 823294

18 2008 839008

19 2009 855021

20 2010 871340

21 2011 887971

Source: Government of Puducherry, Abstract of Statistics, 2003-2004 to2005-06, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Puducherry

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 4.13. Municipality wise Population Status

S.No. Municipality Males Females Total

1 Pondicherry 109386 111363 220749

2 Ozhukarai 110038 107585 217623

4.10. Odour

The sense of smell is the most complex and unique in structure and organization. Sense of smell is accomplished with two main nerves viz., trigeminal and olfactometry. One major pathway of information is to the limbic system which processes emotion and response of the body. For better understanding of and measurement of odour definition of few terms is required.

Odour detectability or concentration is sensory property referring to the minimum concentration that produces an olfactory response or sensation. With odour intensity at or just above threshold odour become difficult to perceive. The odour detection threshold relates to the minimum odorant concentration required to perceive the existence of the stimulus, where as an odour recognition threshold relates to the minimum odorant concentration required to identify the stimulus.

Odour concentration is measured as dilution ratios. Odour intensity is the strength of the perceived odour sensation. Odour character or quality is the property to identify an odor and differentiates it from another odor of equal intensity. Measurement of odor can be accomplished with instrumental methods/chemical methods/electronic methods/sensory test methods.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Chapter-5

Assessment of Environmental Impacts

5.1 Preamble

Main aim of this project is to improve the existing structure of four fish markets in Puducherry. The Environmental Impacts on the constructional and operational phase of the project have to be predicted. The technique (matrix approach) that was chosen to evaluate the impact makes use of the specific impacts identified in this project and the results of predictions. In addition, the predicted effects of the development will not cause any significant change to the environment namely air water and land.

The possible impacts could be identified and evaluated with the followings:

¾ To establish baseline environmental status.

¾ To identify and quantify sources of pollution and to determine the extent of impacts.

¾ To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts expected during construction and operation phase.

¾ To develop mitigate measures so as to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance due to construction and operation phases of the up-gradation project.

5.2 Assessment and Evaluation The assessment and evaluation identifies sources of pollution from proposed upgradation of the exiting market activity and evaluation of various impacts on environmental attributes in the activity locations. This can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action. The evaluation involves impacts under various scenarios.

Environmental pollutants generated in the proposed up-gradation activity during both construction and operation phase are solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. Also the generation of pollution could be continuous, periodic or accidental. Sources of pollutants and their nature during the two phases are given below.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 5-1: Assessment and Evaluation

S. No. Environmental Aspect Evaluated Impacts Attributes Construction Phase Dust emissions from site Minor negative impact preparation, material within site premises 1 Ambient Air Quality handling and other and the immediate construction activities at influence area site Noise generated from Minor negative impact construction activities, through noise operation of construction generation sources 2 Noise equipment and their within site and the movement immediate influence area. Surface runoff from Negative short term project site. Oil/grease & impact 3 Water quality waste spills. Improper debris disposal Discharge of sewage from labor side Project site development Minor impacts Construction activity 4 Land use and Soil leading to debris generation and removal Very feeble habitat Minor negative Ecological Resources 5 disturbance during impacts (Flora and Fauna) construction activity Increased trade Positive impact opportunity with full fledged infra-structure facilities for sellers, hygiene commodity for 6 Socio-economy buyers, Economy related to commercial real estate development, material supply etc. expected to boom. Haul truck movement and Negative impact possibility of traffic 7 Traffic congestion outside the site on highway and other major roads Operation Phase 1 Ambient Air Quality Particulate and gaseous Negative impact inside emissions due to vehicle the premises and the movement influence area

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

2 Noise Noise from vehicle Negative impact inside Movement and from the premises and the operation of equipments influence area. 3 Water Quality Oil/Grease and waste Negative impact spills. Discharge of sewage. Discharge of water 4 Soil Storage and disposal of Negative impact solid waste 5 Ecology (Flora and Utility pattern changes, fly No negative impact Fauna) and birds disturbance and nuisance 6 Socio-economy Increased infra – structure Overall positive impact facilities for both seller and buyer 7 Traffic Increased in moderate Moderate Impact traffic

5.3 Air a. Construction phase Delineation involves removal of all debris from project site and clearing etc. To safeguard the facilities and routine activities there will be alteration and restriction in the utility will be provided. During this phase, Suspended Particulate Matter/dust is expected to be the main pollutant associated with site development, stockpiles and material handling. Dust generation during this activity may cause particulate emission, which will affect the communities in the neighbour vicinity of project sites. After taking adequate mitigation measures like regular water spraying/sprinkling on haulage roads, stockpile, material handling will decrease the SPM/dust levels considerably to have any significant impact.

It is noted that most of the impacts during construction-up gradation phase will be temporary and localized. Most of the impacts will not be felt at the end of the construction phase. These impacts will not be felt in areas, which are not in the immediate vicinity of project activity. As such the impacts during the constructional phase on various environmental factors will be extremely marginal. Even if such, that the following mitigate measures will control it.

Fugitive Dust Control

Sprinkling/Spraying of dust suppressant with water.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Covering of dust materials with plastic sheets or rubber sheets to avoid spreading of dust.

Procedural changes in construction activities and

Improved maintenance of construction equipments/machinery. b. Operational phase The source of impacts in the ambient air will not be significant. The expected low emission may be due to the vehicular movements for the transportation of commodities and the seller and buyer. This automobile emission will cause feeble effect in the existing environment and this will be negligible compare to the construction phase. Also, there will be slight increase in concentration of NOx and SPM due to increased vehicular traffic. Regular maintenance of vehicles will be done to minimize automobile exhaust. The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the project boundaries. 5.4. Noise Noise level higher than the threshold limit values can affect human beings at audiological, biological and behavioral levels. The existing avian faunal species such as Common Crow-Corvus splendens, Common Myna-Acridotheres tristis, House Sparrow- Passer domesticus and Jungle Crow – Corvus macrorhynchos can also affected in the same way and will force them to migrate from such noise locations. Continuous exposure to high levels of noise may result in fatigue, annoyance, temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing, hypertension and detrimental biological disorders in human. The baseline noise levels were varying between 45 dB(A) eq. to 65 dB(A)eq.

a. Construction Phase The construction activity obviously results in the noise emissions. Various construction activities and the operation of equipments and machinery, etc. become the sources of noise emissions. The noise generation during loading and unloading in transportation of construction material and debris in the project site is in the range of 80–90 dB(A) during operation of all the equipment simultaneously. However protective measure like earplugs/earmuffs will be provided to mitigate the impacts on construction workers.

The expected average noise emission level, as calculated from data observation and collection is 85 dB (A) and considering that all the pertinent equipments are in operation simultaneously. However, the actual noise levels are expected to be below

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report the said levels, since simultaneous operation of all equipments and machinery is a remote possibility. The following measures will control the impacts from noise. ¾ On shift basis the workers employed in high noise level area will be practiced. ¾ Noise prone activities could be restricted during night time and ¾ Use of personal protective equipments will save from noise generation.

5.5 Water

Water quality in the study area was assessed and the parameters of the water quality such as Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides, Hardness, Alkalinity and Turbidity are found to be within the limits. There are no trace of heavy metals.

Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on ground water quality of the project development areas incase the construction chemicals leaches into ground. Potential impacts on the ground water quality have been discussed with respect to the following:

Soil runoff from the site leading to off-site contamination (particularly during the rainy season).

Improper disposal of construction debris leading to off-site contamination of water resources.

Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labor use.

Spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles and wastewater stream generated from on-site activities such as vehicles washing etc. a. Construction phase The enhancement of the proposed project sites could lead to many developmental activities, thereby causing erosion, run off from the site may contain high quantity of Suspended Solids (SS). The impact also envisaged from the construction practices and the type of material used. Construction waste is likely to create significant impact. This type of waste would be stock piled and disposed off properly.

Improper disposal of debris and construction materials, unaccounted disposal of waste water, Spillage of oil & grease and other material are the expected impacts in the water environment during construction phase. The following measures are suggested to save the water environment.

¾ Specific care to prevent surface and ground water contamination on account of oil/grease and other waste.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

¾ Use of leak proof containers for storage and transportation ¾ All washings from machinery and material handling area should be drained through impervious lines

b. Operational Phase Water demand will meet out by public municipal supply/ bore wells. Contamination of soil and water due to the discharge of waste water, spills and leaks from various stages are envisaged as the impacts during this phase. The following are the mitigate measures for the impact: ¾ Water conservation will be made by means of minimizing water consumption. ¾ Waste water will be collected and treated in a full fledged manner. ¾ Treated water will be reused so as to recharge the water resources.

5.6 Land and Soil a. Construction phase The construction and associated activities would expedite erosion if not managed properly. Other factors contributing to soil erosion is increased runoff and decrease in permeability of the soil. But in this case the excavation and soil erosion could be negligible.

Use of heavy machinery and storage of materials will result in compaction of the soil as well as mixing of construction material with soil would also lead to reduced infiltration of water, decrease in permeability and increased runoff. Both physical and chemical desegregations of soil would occur during the construction phase.

Chemical desegregation and pollution of soil would be on account of spillage of oil from vehicles used for transportation of construction material and from the building material used for construction purposes. Environmental management measures will be implemented to minimize the impacts. Re-utilization and recycling of construction debris and use for filler application are the managerial measures in the construction phase.

b.Operational Phase During the operation phase, all solid waste from the campus will be properly collected/ stored and disposed off suitably. Wastewater will be treated, disinfected and reused in appropriate way. The entire site area will be well paved and thus there will be no

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report leaching of any substances in case of spills. Hence, no negative impact on soil quality is expected due to the project activities.

5.7 Traffic As the five project sites are located within the urban limits of Puducherry, the National highways and district major roads are connecting and very near to the project sites, the traffic growth, automobile congestion and vehicles plying in all direction is continuous. Vehicle movement during construction phase is inevitable. Vehicles bringing construction material will be entertained and movements of persons working in the site will be entertained with a common transport or with low emission/ emission less vehicle. During operational phase, seller & buyer, and commodity exchange are the main reasons for transportation and its subsequent impacts. Normally autos and tempos are engaged for exchange of commodity purpose. Planning of mass transfer will eliminate the impacts. 5.8 Waste Disposal a. Construction Phase During the construction phase, repairing and construction activities, generate debris and construction wastes that need to be disposed; these are demolition wastes , sand concrete, gravel, stone, bricks, plastic, paper, wood, metal, glass etc. Exact estimation of demolition and construction waste is unaccountable. Impact from this demolition and construction waste may arise owing to the repairs to existing structure and shortage of dumping sites, increase in transportation and disposal cost and environmental deterioration. Proposed mitigation measures will suggest maximum reuse of construction waste on site or removal of waste from the site and proper disposal, which would reduce the impact, if any significantly.

b.Operation phase Generation of Solid waste and waste water from market activity is predicted. These wastes will lead environmental impacts such as contamination of soil, ground and surface water. It will also affect the ambient air quality. Disposal of solid waste like carry bags, containers and waste sheets etc, generation and disposal of organic waste such as fish scales and non-tradable fish will be the major sources of impact during operational phase. Solid waste will be managed by following the criterion prescribed on the parameters of source segregation and storage under Municipal Solid Waste

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

(Management and Handling) rules, 2000. The vendors will be prohibited from littering and abide by the collection schedule notified by the Municipality. They shall be insisted upon to adopt source segregation method and to store the biodegradable, non- biodegradable and other wastes in separate containers as required under MSW Rules 2000 with due code. Separate community bins will also be stationed in the market campus for the use of public visiting the market. Theses segregated wastes will be collected in the segregated manner by the Municipality and brought to the processing facility for proper disposal, along with wastes collected in other areas of the town.

While the organic waste contains high phosphorus, the same could be converted as bio-manure. The other waste could be removed and recycled by conventional methods.

However, for the proposed development of project sites, impacts from waste disposal would not be significant, since waste would be used as the manure. Rejects from compost along with non-recyclable and non-compostable fraction of waste would be disposed as per the 5.9 Odour Odour detectability or concentration is sensory property referring to the minimum concentration that produces an olfactory response or sensation. The detection threshold occurs at a lower concentration than the recognition threshold. Odour concentration is measured as dilution ratios. Odour intensity is the strength of the perceived odour sensation. Odour character or quality is the property to identify an odor and differentiates it from another odor of equal intensity. Measurement of odor can be accomplished with instrumental methods/chemical methods/electronic methods/sensory test methods.

Odour control depends on type of sources, for large area sources development close to the site is to be excluded. Best management practices (BMP) depending upon the source producing odour. BMP starts with the site selection and building facilities. Nozzles, sprayers and atomizers that spray ultra-fine particles of water or chemicals can be used along the lines of area sources to suppress odours.

5. 10 Ecology

Significance of ecological impacts is evaluated based on the criteria: Habitat Quality Species affected

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Size/abundance of habits/organisms affected Duration of impacts Magnitude of environmental changes

a. Construction Phase Potential impacts of project construction are as follows: Terrestrial Site development Noise and disturbance Surface runoff during rains

The development of the proposed site may not cause direct impacts and loss of habitats and their associated flora and fauna. Since the proposed project is planned in the urban limits and already in the buildup area, the impact will be very minimum.

Noise, Air pollution and Other disturbances- Noise, Air and visual disturbance may be observed during the project development. The surrounding project site area is devoid of any major flora and fauna hence negative impacts are not envisaged.

b. Operational Phase Potential impacts of this phase on natural ecology include long-term air and noise pollution and disturbance generated by traffic. However, as mentioned in earlier sections, the impact due to increased traffic is minimum. Hence, Potential impacts from these sources are expected to be minimal and can be reduced considerably adopting adequate mitigation measures.

5.11 Socio-Economic a. Opportunity Cultivation and agricultural activities are the main occupation of local population. However, labor employment in this is not throughout the year. The local people would also get the job opportunities closer to their places of stay. Expenditure incurred by those employed at the project will boost local economy. Jobs would be created for unskilled, semi skilled as well as skilled labor category, for which local population would be given preference. Thus, the project is expected to contribute to the overall development of the area.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report b.Improvement and Infrastructure Facilities

The development of project will also create or improve the amenities/services etc. thereby improving the lifestyle. The only negative aspect identified in the proposed development project is the temporary shifting of business location of the vendors from their present selling place to alternate location. A separate discussion has been carried out with vendors and get their opinion from discussion to overcome the above said dislocation problem during the construction time. The following opinions/ suggestions were received from the vendors of five existing fish markets and are listed in the Table 5-2.

Table: 5-2: Vendors Opinion for the Temporary Shifting of the Fish Market place

S. Fish Market Alternative Place Duration of the Construction period No. Required 1 Goubert In Gingee Salai One month duration-Preferable in the month of April. Construction as a whole, not in partial 2 Chinnakadai Portion wise Portion wise Construction-Preferable Construction in the month of April 3 Muthaliyarpet Opposite to One month duration- Preferable in Muthaliyarpet Police the month of April. Construction as Station a whole but not partial 4 Saram In Corner of the Within one month duration market premises in the open place

c. Wider Economic Growth

The proposed project will increase the economic activities around the area, creating avenues for direct/indirect involvement in the post project period. There would be a wider economic impact in terms of generating opportunities for other business like transportation, marketing, and maintenance tasks, etc.

Additional traffic in the area will be a matter of concern to the local people both during construction as well as operational phase. During Operational phase, the vehicular movement would mainly due to sellers and buyers. The impact would be mitigated by the suggested measures like better upkeep of vehicles, maintaining good road network and conducting emission tests done at a regular basis.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

5.12 Impact Assessment Matrix

Effective Environmental management Plan is suggested to minimize the impact of the proposed development. By implementing the EMP, there will be beneficial impact on the environment. The assessment matrix gives that the proposed development of market activities will not cause any significant impact to the environment. As the proposed project results in potential benefits and definitely lead to the growth of development of the study area.

Table 5-3: Evaluation of the Impact of the Existing project Area

Significance levels Environmental Construction Phase Operational Phase Components Low Moderate High Low Moderate High 1. Air -- √ -- -- √ -- 2. Water a. Surface √ -- -- √ ------b. Ground √ -- √ -- 3. Soil √ -- -- √ -- -- 4. Waste -- √ -- -- √ --

5. Noise -- √ -- -- √ --

6.Odour √ ------√ --

7.Flora species √ -- -- √ -- --

8.Fauna species √ -- -- √ -- --

9.Socio-economic -- √ -- √ -- --

Note: √=Observed

From the above matrix it is clear that only low and moderate impacts are identified and high impacts are not identified.

5.13. Stake Holders Consultation

Pre and Post Stakeholder meetings were conducted with Fishermen community and with PIA of Project Director, ETRP, and Puducherry for approval and to proceed further. After getting the concurrence from PIA, invitation in Local language (Tamil) was

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

prepared and submitted for finalization and this invitations are distributed each and every coastal villages in Puducherry and also to consent office connected with this project. The officials from PIA and directorate of fisheries and Fishery welfare department welcomed the gathered fishing village representatives, MLAs, Collector, Deputy Collector Superintending Engineer, Revenue officers, Commissioner, Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Councilors, Village heads, groups heads were issued to the identified stake holders, fishermen of Kalapet, Kanagacettykulam, Pillaichavadi, Solai Nagar, Vathikuppam, Kurusukuppam, Vambakeerapalyam, Periaveerampattinam, Pudukuppam, Nallavadu, Murthykuppam of Puducherry (Table 5.4). The officials briefed about the PIA, role and necessary steps taken from the different projects through ETRP for the up liftement fisher folk and mentioned about the role of Consultants of PIA for this project. The consultant explained in details about the need of the project and its benefits.

Table-5.4 : Details of Pre and Post stakeholder meetings conducted at Puducherry

No. Of Date & Time Location Fishing villages members attended Kalapet, Kanagacettykulam, Pillaichavadi, Solai Nagar, Goubert – Vathikuppam, Kurusukuppam, Thirumana 12.02.2009, 2.30 PM Vambakeerapalyam, 257 Nilayam, Periaveerampattinam, Puducherry Pudukuppam, Nallavadu and Murthykuppam Kalapet, Kanagacettykulam, Thiru Murugan Pillaichavadi, Solai Nagar, Thirumana Vathikuppam, Kurusukuppam, 13.11.2009, 3.00 PM Nilayam, Vambakeerapalyam, Pettichettipet, Periaveerampattinam, 212 Lawspet, Pudukuppam, Nallavadu and Puducherry Murthykuppam

The following amenities, infrastructural and supporting facilities has been discussed by consultants in the meeting.

5.14. Amenities Proposed in the Modern and Hygienic Fish Market

¾ Separate fish cutting area.

¾ Separate area for sale fresh water fishes and ornamental fishes.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

¾ Providing vendors with uniforms, aprons, gloves and head cover to fish vendors.

¾ Hygienic sale of fishes by weighing.

5.15. Infrastructural facilities • Waste Water Treatment Plant and recycling of the waste water. • Arrangement for the disposal of solid and liquid waste in hygienic manner. • Generator and Over Head Tank (OHT) facilities. • Planning, designing, construction, maintenance etc. for the sale and fishery products in hygienic conditions. • Precautions to prevent the health hazard inside market premises. • Provisions for Hygienic Cleaning, Collection and disposal of various types of bio-degradable wastes, non corrosive tools and utensils to be used in the market etc. are made. • Proposed Dry Fish and Fresh Water fish sale area. • Ice –Crusher machine in Chinnakkadi Fish market 5.16. Supporting Facilities Modern hygienic Sale table with marble top. Separate drainage system for the Waste Water Treatment Plant and Septic tank. Drinking water facilities. Emergency Alarm system, Fire extinguishers and First aid kit. Toilet facilities. Providing photo IDs etc. to vendors. Wheeled trolleys.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Photo Plate: 1. Pre- stake holder meeting in the Goubert Thirumana Mandabam- Pondicherry- 12.02.2009

Photo 1. Consultant and PIA officials Photo 2. Stakeholder participation

Photo 4. Stakeholder participation with Photo 3. PIA- officials participation PIA Officials

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Photo Plate 2. Post-stakeholder meeting in Thiru Murugan Thirumana mandabam- Lawspet- Pondicherry-13.11.2009

Photo 1. Active Stakeholder participation Photo 2. Speech by PIA- Officials

Photo 3. Speech by Dr. Sathivelou

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Chapter-6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 Preamble

An Environmental Management Plan is an implementation plan consisting of mitigation measures, monitoring program and institutional measures to be adopted during the construction and operation phases to minimize the environmental and social impacts. In this chapter, the Environmental Management Plan is formulated for the proposed market site is presented. The Environmental Management Plan would be a dynamic document, which would be reviewed periodically and amended for improvements based on the Environmental Monitoring Program.

The Environment Management Plan is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area along the proposed enhanced market activity, hence it needs to be an all encompassive plan for which the project proponent,

Government, Regulatory agencies like Pollution Control Committee working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their co-operation and contribution. The identification and quantification of impacts based on scientific and mathematical modeling has been presented in the previous chapters.

It has been evaluated that the study area will not be affected adversely due to the proposed improvement project. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall Management Plan are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the area in concern and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies. The Management action plan aim is to control pollution at the source level to the possible extent with available and affordable technology.

An assessment has been made both on generic and location specific environmental impacts. Mitigation measures have been developed for each type

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

of impact. The likelihood and significance of each impact occurring, after mitigation, has been determined. The most effective mitigation measure for a proposed project is to ensure that the route is selected to minimize environmental impact.

Outline of this chapter will be specifically discussed on pollution control measures and technologies for the abatement of air, water, noise and solid waste Management. To ensure better environment in and around the project site as well as the neighboring population, an effective Environmental Management Plan is developed separately for the construction and operational phase.

6.2. Air Environment

Specific site mitigation measures

Construction Phase-To mitigate the impact of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)/dust during the construction phase of the proposed project, the following measures are recommended for the control of fugitive and procedural changes during construction activities.

[ Table 6.1 Source wise Fugitive dust control measures

S. Source Frequency Location Control No. Measures 1 Construction Four to five time In the project site For the earth per day and surrounding moving and areas construction activity, from site boundary, conduct watering as necessary to prevent visible dust emissions

2 Disturbed Within the specific In the proposed Applying dust surface areas time- 5 to 6 hrs site suppression per day measures frequently to maintain a stabilized surface; Area, which

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

cannot be stabilized, as evidenced by wind driven dust, must have an application of water at least twice per day 3 Inactive - In the site as well Applying dust disturbed as surrounding suppressants in surface areas area sufficient quantity and frequency to maintain a stabilized surface 4 Tract-out Thrice a day Nearer to the Down washing of control water drain construction system vehicles (especially tyres) prior to departure from site.

6.3. Dust suppression measures during Construction activities

6.3.1. Handling of construction Material – The transport of construction materials such as concrete, asphalt to project sites generate significant amounts of road dust, especially for the neighboring sites.

During the demolition of the sites, all the sides will be covered with the plastic sheets in order to prevent the dust flow to the neighboring/surrounding areas and also water will be sprayed four to five times per day in the demolition site which suppresses the dust for further flow.

6.4. Disposal of Debris

The debris collected from the demolition sites will be transported through four vehicular with covered plastic sheets until the disposal sites in order to prevent dust emissions to the neighboring commercial places.

6.4.1. Idling Time Reduction–Construction equipment is generally left idle while the operators are on break or waiting for the completion of another task. Emissions from idling equipment tend to be high, since catalytic converters cool down, thus reducing the efficiency of Hydrocarbon (OH) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) oxidation. Existing idling control technologies, which automatically shut the 84

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report engine off after a preset time can reduce emissions, without intervention of the operators. Improved Maintenance-Recognizing that significant emission reductions can be achieved through regular equipment maintenance. Contractors could be asked to provide maintenance records for their fleet at regular intervals as a part of the contract awarded to them. Reduction of on-site construction time – Rapid on-site construction could reduce the duration of traffic interference and therefore, reduce emissions from the traffic delay.

6.4.2. Operational Phase To mitigate the impact of pollutants from vehicular traffic during the operational phase of the project activity, the vehicle emission control measures are recommended for implementation. Regular maintenance of the vehicles should be mandatory.

6.3 Noise Environment

6.3.1. Construction Phase To mitigate the impact of noise from construction equipment, the following measures are suggested:

¾ On shift basis, the workers employed in high noise level area will be practiced. ¾ A noise prone activity is avoided during night time. ¾ Earplugs/muffs, or other auto protective devices shall be provided to the workers very close to the noise generating machinery equipments.

6.3.2. Operational Phase Noise from the coolers and compressor sets will be arrested from the source itself by providing acoustic housing.

6.5. Water Environment

6.5.1. Construction Phase

To prevent degradation and maintain the quality of the water, adequate control measures have been proposed to check the surface run-off, as well as uncontrolled flow of water into any nearby water body like small pond, stream,

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report etc. Following management measure are suggested to protect the water quality during this phase.

¾ Avoid excavation during monsoon season

¾ Care should be taken to avoid soil erosion.

¾ Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks should be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent the wastewater from entering into the water bodies.

¾ To prevent surface and ground water contamination on account of oil/grease, etc. leak proof containers should be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area should be kept effectively impervious. Any wash off from the oil/grease handling area should be drained through impervious drains and effluent should be drained through impervious drains and effluent should be treated appropriately before releasing it.

¾ Construction activities generate disturbed soil, concrete fines, oils and other wastes. On-site collection and settling of storm water, prohibition of equipments wash downs, toxic releases from the construction site, etc. are some of the essential measures, which prove helpful in minimizing water pollution.

6.5.2. Operational Phase Water conservation and development measures need to be taken including all possible potential for reuse and recycling of water. These could be in the following form:

¾ Minimizing water consumption

¾ Promoting reuse of water after treatment.

¾ Development of water sources

6.6. Minimizing Water Consumption Water consumption will be minimized by a combination of water saving devices and other domestic water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water conservation, an awareness programme could be introduced. This is discussed in following section:

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

6.7. Water Management Most of the storm water produced on site will be harvested for ground water recharge, thus proper management of this resource is a must to ensure that it is free from contamination. Contamination of storm water is possible from waste spills, oil spills from vehicles and spillage of sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plant, Water Management Plan should be developed taking into consideration the above sources and should incorporate with following management methods:

¾ Regular inspection and cleaning of drains.

¾ Covering waste storage areas.

¾ By Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season.

¾ Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness. The Environmental Management Plan in the operational phase endeavors to mitigate the impacts on the environment in order to meet the statutory requirements.

6.8. Waste Water Treatment Plant It has been proposed to install wastewater treatment plant capacity of 7.5KLD and 1.5KLD to treat the waste water generated from the markets located at Goubert and Saram respectively and the treated water will be let out into the public drainage system. The wastewater generated from Chinnakadai and Muthaliarpet will be collected in respective market will be treated with disinfecting agents and would be drained into the existing municipality drains.

Effluent collected from different sections are collected and equalized in a collection cum equalization tank. As the BOD value is higher for direct activated sludge process, it is proposed to have an Anaerobic digester as the first treatment step of the Waste water Treatment Plant. The retention time considered here is four days. The BOD reduction expected is 50 %. Here it is processed by diffused aeration. The overflow from aeration process will be settled to meet the Pudhucherry Pollution Control Committee (PPCC) norms of, 30 ppm of BOD, 250 ppm of COD.

6.9. Location of the Waste Water Treatment Plant

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Waste water Treatment plant will be established in the existing Goubert Fish Market and saram Fish Market respectively with an area of 18 m2.

6.9.1 Quantum of Liquid Waste

Liquid waste generated – 1.50 Litre / kg of fish sale

Solid waste generated- 0.10 (10%) Kg of fish sale

Table 6.2. Liquid and Solid Waste Generation in each Fish Market

S. Fish Market Sale/Day Generation of Generation of Solid No. liquid waste/day- waste/ Day (Kg) (Litres/day)

1 Goubert 4 to 5 MT 7,500 500

2 Chinnakkadi 0.50 to 1MT 1,500 100

3 Mudhaliarpet 0.50 to 1 MT 1,500 100

4 Saram 0.50 to 1 MT 1,500 100

Total 8 MT(Max.) 12,000 800 kg/day (Max.) litres/day(Max.)

Note: MT- Metric Tonne

6.9.2. Capacity and functions of the proposed waste water treatment plant:

Waste Water Treatment plants of capacity 7500 liters will be constructed at Goubert and Waste Water Treatment plants of capacity 1500 liters will be constructed at Saram Fish markets each.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 6.3 Average Characteristics of Waste water

S. No Description Value

Designed capacity 7,500 Liters/Day

1 pH 6.9

2 Biological Oxygen Demand, mg/l < 1450

3 Chemical Oxygen Demand , mg/l < 2480

4 Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l < 705

5 Total Suspended Solids, mg/l < 860

a. Primary Treatment

The waste water from all sources after passing through Grit Chamber a set of Bar screens are collected by gravity into the High Rated Digester where all the bio degradable organic compounds are digested for the reduction of BOD and COD up to 60%.

b. Secondary Treatment System

The out let of the High Rated Digester flows out into the highly advanced Bio Reactors.

The waste water enters from the top of the reactor and comes in contact to the microorganisms attached to the Bio Pac Media. This phase of the treatment process utilizes the principle of microbial degradation of pollutants in the presence of Oxygen.

The air will be supplied through Positive Displacement Air Blower in the Reactor tank for degradation of organic impurities/pollutants by microorganisms. The Bio-mass will be maintained to the desired Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) concentration of 9,000 – 10,000 mg/l with the help of the attached media there by reducing the Volume of Aeration Tank to 1/3 and the need of Sludge recirculation is not required.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

The Bio Reactors process employs a submerged Bio Pac Media on to which micro organism attach. The Bio Pac media has a very high surface to volume ratio, allowing for a high concentration of biological growth to thrive within the protected areas of the Media.

The need to periodically waste sludge and the requirement to supply a dilute return activated sludge to maintain an appropriate food to micro organism’s ratio is eliminated. The homogenized Sewage enters from the top of the Reactor and comes in contact with the microorganisms attached to the Bio Pack Media. The FBR system is an attached growth aeration process that uses a neutrally buoyant plastic media optimizes biomass growth and protection with in a fluidized bed. The biomass retained on the ring media provides effective treatment for the wastewater.

The air will be supplied through Coarse Bubble Diffusers by providing Positive Displacement Air Blower (Twin Lobe) in the aeration tank for keeping the Bio Pac media in motion. Biological treatment of waste water it is subjected to a secondary treatment where it flows by gravity into the Tubular settler for Solid-Liquid Separation.

The settled sludge will be transferred and wasted in to the Digester. The sludge after digestion shall be composed and used as manure. The supernatant from the settling tank shall be let out into the drain.

Table 6.4. Expected Treated Waste Water characteristics

S. Parameter Expected

No value

1 pH 6.5 - 7.5

2 Total Suspended Solids, TSS, mg/l < 100

3 Oil & Grease NIL

4 Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, mg/l < 200

5 Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/l < 40

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

FLOW CHART OF THE TREATMENT

GRIT & BAR SCREEN

HIGH RATED DIGESTER

AERATION TANK

SEC SETTLING

TREATED OUT LET

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 6.5 Civil Works Specification-(7500 Liters /Day)

S. Description Volume Size MOC Qty No Lts

1 Bar Screen Cum Grit Chamber - 0.5x1.0x1.0 m Bricks 1

2 High Rated Digester 22,000 2.50x2.50x4.0 m RCC 1

3 Aeration Tank 12,500 1.50x2.50x4.0 m RCC 1

4 Secondary Settling Tank (Inside 750 0.50x0.50x3.0 m RCC 1 Aeration Tank)

Table 6.6 Mechanical Work Details

S. Description Capacity MOC Qty No

1 Bar Screen 10 mm SS 1

2 Raw Feed Pump-Submersible SPO/0.50HP - 1+1

3 Digester Media 24.0 Cum PVC- 1Set FILL

Aeration Tank

41. Blowers 1.0 HP - 1+1

4 4.2. Diffusers Medium Bubble - 4.0

4.3. Bio Pack Media 6.0 Cum PVC 1 Set

5 Tubular Settling Media 0.50 Cum PVC- 1 Set FILL

The characteristics of the waste water generated from the waste water treatment plant let into the drain should comply to the above norms as per the Puducherry Pollution Control Committee (PPCC) norms.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

6.10. Land and Soil Environment

6.10.1 Construction Phase Waste generated from construction activity includes construction debris, biomass, and waste from labour activities. The following sections are discussed and management is given below.

6.10.2 Construction debris In construction stage the debris will be in bulky and heavy. But the quantity will be very less, since the only a small area of the existing structures alone be demolished. Debris will be utilised for filling the gaps on the roadsides.

To prevent soil contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers could be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease and wash off from the oil/grease handling area shall be drained through impervious drains and treated appropriately before disposal.

6.11. Management and disposal of Solid Waste

6.11.1 Construction phase

At the construction phase, there is no possibility to generate any quantity of solid waste.

6.11.2 Operational Phase

In operational phase, Solid waste generated every day in every market by vendors, will be strickly prohibited and littering as stipulated under MSW Rules 2000, and insisted upon to adopt source segregation method for handling and storing the solid waste. They have to maintain separate storage facilities (containers) with the colour code, as mandated under MSW Rules 2000, according to the size they need depend upon the waste generated by his activities. Community bins shall be stationed by the Municipal Authorities in the Market Campus, so as to facilitate the public who visiting the market, to store the solid waste generated during their marketing activities. The segregated and stores wastes will be collected by the municipal authorities, according to their 93

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report notified collection schedule. The collected wastes will be proceed and disposed by the Municipal Authorities according to their action plan.

6.12 Ecology

Cutting, uprooting, coppicing of plant species will be strictly prohibited and alternatives arrangement will be done for sapling of trees, in the availability of space within the project premises. Disturbance to the avian fauna are very less in the project sites. Although the project lies within the urban limits, the birds visits the market more after the working hours and less in the working hours. The sellers will be advised not to disturb the birds foraging and breeding sites. Only the herpetofauna namely, the House Lizard–Hemidactylus flaviviridis found within the market place and there will be slight habitat change in the construction phase . But, there will not be much significant for this species. The house flies and mosquitoes will be treated with the fly repellent in the breeding places. The development of the proposed site may not cause any direct significant impacts. Since the proposed project is planned in the urban limits and already in the buildup area, the impact will be very minimal.

6.13. Temporary Relocation of Fish Vendors

The proposed development project is the temporary shifting of business location of the vendors from their present selling place to alternate location. The discussion has been carried out with vendors to know their opinion in relocation of the fish market temporarily during construction time. It is proposed to relocate the existing five fish markets during upgradation to a suitable place during the time of execution of improvement works. Before shifting, the relocated places shall be provided with basic facilities like working shed, sale plat form, water supply, sanitary and electrical arrangements etc.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 6.7. Vendors Opinion for the Temporary Shifting of the Fish Market

S.No Fish Market Relocation Required Duration of the Up gradation 1 Goubert In Old bus stand One month duration-Preferable in the month of April. Construction as a whole, not in part 2 Chinnakadai Old bus stand Portion wise Construction- Preferable in the month of April 3 Mudhaliarpet Opposite Mudhaliarpet One month duration- Preferable Police Station – Vanoli in the month of April. Thidal Construction as a whole but not in part 4 Saram In the Corner of the Within one month duration market premises in the open place

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Photo Plate 3: Relocation of Goubert and Chinnakkadi fish markets

Photo 1. Entrance of the Old Bus stand

Photo: 2 Inner view of the Oldbus stand

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

6.14. Issues Related with Temporary location of Goubert and Chinnakadai Fish Markets

Goubert and Chinnakkadi fish markets are proposed to be shifted to the old bus stand complex, one after the other at the time of Improvement works. The former is to be shifted first, to be followed by the Goubert fish market.

6.15. Present condition of the Old Bus stand and improvement facilities

Relocation:

Old bus-stand: Situated behind the Kamban Kalai Arangam of Puducherry Municipality, near the Botanical Garden and Uzhavar Sandhai.

Area: 1,400 sq. m

¾ Surrounded by the compound wall on all four sides.

¾ Presently, it is utilized as Animal Birth Control and Immunization of stray dogs.

Improvement facilities before shifting

¾ Segregated and protected by providing partition, before shifting the fish market, in consultation with Municipal Authorities.

¾ Removal of debris and jungle.

¾ Arrangement of water supply to meet the requirement of the fish market.

¾ Repairing of existing toilet and bathroom.

¾ Power supply is available within the complex

¾ Repairing of the existing drainage.

¾ Temporary working shed with metal sheet roof and flooring

¾ Arrangement of drainage facilities for shifting vendors.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Table 6.8. Population status of Fish Vendors and cutters in Goubert and Chinnakadai Markets

S.No Fish Market No. of Fish No. of fish Remarks Vendors cutters 1 Goubert 339 7 As per 2 Chinnakkadi 30 15 Municipality Record

6.16. Relocation of Mudhaliarpet fish market

Relocation: Nearby vacant space - “Vanoli Thidal” (200 to 250 m away from existing fish market).

Land Mark: In front of the Mudhaliarpet Police Station.

Location and Road stretch: Facing Puducherry – Cuddalore road on the front western side and on the rear eastern side is Othavadai Street.

Area: 500 sq. m

Table 6.9. Population status of Fish Vendors and cutters in Mudhaliarpet Fish Markets

S. No. of Fish No. of fish Fish Market Remarks No Vendors cutters As per vendors 1 Mudhaliarpet 30 6 discussion

¾ Presently the proposed relocation point is without any enclosure.

¾ It is used as a public meeting place.

¾ Partially it is used as auto stand.

¾ Available toilet facility in the present market may be utilized by the vendors.

6.16.1 Improvement facilities before shifting

Before shifting the fish markets temporarily, the sites shall be well prepared which includes:

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

¾ Extension of Power, water supply ,drainage facilities;

¾ Appropriate arrangements for the storage and collection of solid waste; sanitation maintenance;

¾ Temporary working shed with metal sheet roof and flooring.

6.17. Relocation of Saram fish market

¾ It is proposed to shift the vendors 20 Nos and 7 fish cutters to the vacant front and backyard of the present market complex.

6.17.1. Shifting of fish vendors and cutters to the relocated place

¾ Shifting of fish vendors from the existing markets to the relocated places with the help of stake holders’ involvement.

¾ The interaction with the leaders, market secretary and fish vendors, has resulted in the following suggestions.

i. License, already issued to the fish vendors will be considered as identity card.

ii. Shifting may be commenced, after completion of providing basic facilities in the relocated places.

iii. Shifting of vendors to the relocated place with officials concerned, Municipal Commissioner, market secretary and the local leaders of the vendors.

6.17.2. Advantages of shifting of sale place

Hygienic Environment is assured to the fish vendors. Better infrastructure environment inside market premises will attract new customers, thereby increasing the sale of fish. Safety facilities like provision of fire-extinguishers, First-aid kit and safety lockers will be more useful at the time of emergency.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste management will reduce environmental problems Improvements in respect of water supply, sanitation, cleaning and drainage arrangements are proposed, which will be most welcome by vendors and consumers. Sufficient drinking water and toilet facilities in the market will be beneficial to both fish vendors and customers.

6.18 Odour

Odour delectability or concentration is sensory property referring to the minimum concentration that produces an olfactory response or sensation. Odour character or quality is the property to identify an odour and to differentiate it from another odour of equal intensity. The degree of pleasantness or unpleasantness is determined by panelist experience and emotional associations.

Odours are measured by adopting olfactometric testing methods which are psycho- physical methods. Odour measurement requires representative samples of air to be drawn into a sample bag and rapidly transported to laboratory for olfactomery testing. Each type of odour source has special requirements for sampling and sample collection.

A Point source will be typically a stock with known flow rate. Area sources will be water or a solid surface. A portable wind tunnel system can be used to determine the specific emission of odour rate. Building source odour samples are normally taken from several points within the premises. Fugitive source includes odour emissions from bio filter surface. Odour intensity is the strength of the perceived odour sensation. Measurement of odor can be accomplished with instrumental methods/chemical methods/electronic methods/sensory test methods.

Odour control depends on type of sources. For large area sources development close to the site is to be excluded. Best management practices (BMP) depend upon the source producing odour. BMP starts with the site selection and building facilities. Nozzles, sprayers and automizers that spray ultra-fine particles of water or chemicals can be used along the lines of area sources to suppress odour.

Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report

6.19 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures suggested above will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the proposed development activities. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures, these are phased out as per priority as given below Table 6.10.

Table 6.10 Implementation Schedule for the proposed development activity

S. No. Recommendations/Control Requirement measures

1 Air pollution mitigations Before commissioning of respective operations

2 Water Pollution mitigation Before commissioning of the operations

3 Noise Along with the commissioning of the operations

4 Ecological Preservation and Up Stage wise implementation gradation

5 Socio-economic Temporary shifting of business place with proper shelter and other facilities etc.,

6.20. Environment Management Programme The establishment of an environment management programme is to achieve the environmental policy and objectives. A Management representative, who continually monitors the activities going on in the environment, should maintain a record for the environmental management procedures and implementation, can conduct this programme.

6.21. Implementation of Environmental Management Plan This proposed project should implement and maintain an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in order to mitigate the possible impacts generated by these activities. The responsible personnel should review the environmental

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Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report management practices and improve the quality of the environment through various objectives.

6.22. Record Maintenance and Reporting Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool. Records should be maintained for regulatory, monitoring and operational issues as mentioned in the below Table 6.11.

Table 6.11 Record Maintenance and Reporting

S. No. Parameter Particulars

Daily quantity of waste received Solid Waste Handling 1 Daily quantity of treated and recycled and Disposal Daily quantity sold

Daily quantity of raw and treated sewage

Quantity and point of usage of treated 2 Sewage Treatment wastewater

Treated wastewater quality

Environmental Permits/Consents from Pollution Regulatory Licenses Control Board/ Ministry of Environment and 3 (Environmental) Forests Copy of Waste manifests as per requirement

Records of all monitoring carried out as per the 4 Monitoring and Survey finalized monitoring protocol

Log book of compliance

5 Other Equipment inspection & Calibration records,

Vehicle maintenance and inspection records

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6.23. Water Management Effective usage of water is achieved through the following measures:

¾ By creating awareness among users on the need to conserve water

¾ A high standard of preventive maintenance to avoid leaks and waste

¾ Recycling of waste water and reuse

¾ Rain water harvesting

¾ Wastewater, resulting from usage within each of the premise is treated at the proposed common Waste Water Treatment Plant for its harmful effects. The treated waste water will be recycled if necessary, to reduce quantity of fresh water intake.

¾ Treated and dried sludge from the sewage treatment plant is used as manure. 6.24. Waste Management Waste will be segregated according to the hard shells and flesh. Hard shells includes, shells of crabs, carapace of shrimps and Prawns and hard molluscan and flesh wastes are head, hepato pancreas, intestine, blood and fins etc., The following Table 6. 12. Illustrates the details of expected solid waste in the up gradation fish markets.

Table. 6.12. Details of Sale of fish, Solid and Liquid Waste generated from the Up gradation of the Existing Fish Markets

Fish Market

S. No Particulars Goubert Chinnakkadi Mudhaliarpet Saram

Sale of fish per 4 to 5 0.50 to 1 .00 0.50 to 1.00 0.50 to 1 1 day,( MT) Solid waste 500 100 100 100 2 Generation (per day, Kg)

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Liquid Waste 7,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 3 Generation (per day, Litres/day)

Note: MT- Metric tonne

Collection and Disposal of Solid Waste

¾ Manual collection of solid waste from these fish markets is suggested.

¾ These solid waste collected are transported from market by hand cart to lorry and it is finally disposed in the dumping yards available in near the Kurumampet/Arasur (near Villianur)/Karavidakuppam (Lawspet) at Puducherry.

¾ Solid waste is removed from the market 2 to 3 times per day.

Content: Major content in the fish waste are Nitrogen (5-7%), Phosphorus (4 to 6%).

Precaution Tools: For the removal of solid waste from the market Gloves, Apron, caps and Mask will be used.

Detergents: Detergents like Phenol, EMI solution (specially used for the odour removal), Bleaching powder for cleaning the floor and Acids (used only for the Cleaning of Toilet)

Best practices in waste management include

¾ Waste segregation at source.

¾ Non-bio degradable waste is sold to bona fide recyclers.

¾ Sludge from sewage treatment plants is dried and used as manure and

¾ Suppliers are engaged in discussions to eliminate the use of non- biodegradable.

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6.25. Rain Water Harvesting Rainwater harvesting techniques will be practiced in the innovation site. Due to the enough area that is receptive to rainfall and the subsequent run-off, the landscape is designed to slope towards low lying areas, thus trapping the water within the site; this ensures that rainfall and run-off do not leave the site.

6.26. Environmental Monitoring

The main purpose of Environmental Monitoring in the proposed up gradation site is to evaluate the effective implementation of EMP by periodically monitoring within the time limit and the important environmental parameters such as air quality, noise levels, ground water quality, Solid and liquid waste disposal during the construction and operational phase. The monitoring requirements would be carried out, by sub contracting the assignment to an approved agency with capabilities to understand monitoring of environmental survey. The environmental attributes are to be monitored during the construction and operational place. The technical details of environmental monitoring include the parameters, methodology and sampling locations.

Table 6.13 : Environmental Monitoring

Air Quality Project Stage Construction Stage

Parameter SPM, SO2 and NOx Sampling method High Volume Air sampler Standards National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards set by CPCB Frequency Four stations for one season during up gradation period Duration Continuously for 24 Hours Location Project Site Wherever values of air quality parameters increase above Measures specified standards norms. Mitigations measure as specified in the EIA Report. Implementation Contractors Water Quality Project stage Construction Stage Parameter pH, TDS, Turbidity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,

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Chlorides, Alkalinity, Grab sample collected from source and analysis as per Sampling Method Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. CPCB standards for Inland Surface Water (Class D) and Standards Indian Standards for Drinking water (IS:10500,1991) Frequency Once in a season during construction and operation phase. Duration One-time grab sampling Locations Five locations in around the project site Wherever values of water quality parameters increase above Measures specified standards. Mitigation measures will be adopted as mentioned in the report. Implementation Contractors Supervision PPCC Noise Level Project stage Construction stage

Parameter Noise level on dB (A) Leq scale Measure equivalent noise level using an noise level meter Sampling Method away from 15m from noise source Standards Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules,2000 Four Stations for one season in a year during construction Frequency period phase Reading to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes Duration every hour for 24 hours Location Same locations as air quality monitoring Wherever noise level increase above specified standards, Measures additional mitigation measures as decided by the PPCC shall be adopted Implementation Contractors Supervision PPCC

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Table 6.14. Cost Estimates for Implementation of Environmental Management Plan

Rate Amount Description of Items Assumptions (Rs.) (Rs.) 1. Air pollution monitoring at four stations for one season in a seven Rs.8000/ station x 4 x 1 32,000 months during up gradation period 8000 (4 stations /1 season) 2. Noise level monitoring at four station for one season in a seven Rs. 5000/station x 4 x 1 5000 20,000 months during up gradation (4 stations /1 season) 3. Water quality monitoring at five stations for one season in seven Rs.3000/ station x 4 x 1 x 3 3000 36,000 months during the up gradation (samples) period ( 4 station/3 samples) 4. Provision of Water supply facilities for the up gradation Lumpsum 50,000 36,000 camps. 5. EMP measures during the construction phase - Fencing around the site boundary, Every day site 6 months 25,000 1,50,000 cleaning, EIA monitoring shed and drinking water Facilities etc., 6. Dust Suppression Measures for every three time per day water 6 months 4200 25,200 sprinkling for above sand bricks, roads, aggregate, etc., 7. Odor control Measures 6 months 6500 39,000 8.Provision of sewage and sanitation facilties for the 6 months 8000 48000 construnction camps, including maintance for six months Total 3,86,200

6.11. Conclusion: The above discussions clearly indicate that this project of improvement to Existing four fish markets at four different locations, aims at the uplift of the livelihood of the Tsunami affected fishermen community and the works is a repair and improvement in nature. No significant adverse impacts are anticipated on the

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Environmental Assessment and Management Plan for the Proposed Improvements to the Existing Fish Markets at Puducherry EIA‐Report environment due to the renovation works of the fish markets. However, temporary impacts are anticipated on air quality, noise levels, water quality, soil quality and flora and fauna. Mitigation measures are proposed in the Environmental Management Plan for the negative impacts. The Environmental Monitoring Plan, reporting mechanism and proposed activity as part of the EMP will ensure the proper implementation of the EMP. Thus the overall benefits of project outweigh the negative impacts.

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References

Alessandro G. Toccolini and Vincenzo B. Angileri (1990). “Landscape Assessment in a rural area surrounding Milan (Italy), Agricultural Engineering Institute of the University of Milan, Italy, LaLUP/LA Computer News, 38.

Ali, S. (1980). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan, Oxford University

Press. Oxford, U.K.

Hooker, J.D. (1872-1897). The Flora of British India. Vols. I-VII. L. Reeve, London.

Karunanidhi, (1979). Air Pollution with respect to air pollutants, such as SO2 ,

NO2, SPM in Madras City. J. Env. Biolo., 10: 157-159.

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, (2009). Puducherry at a Glance. Pp.35.

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