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September 1979 8 If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. The American Prison: The End of an Era ............ Benjamin Frank Writing Standards for Correctional Acermiitation ........ Ernest G. Reimer t c Dale K. Sechrest Strengthening Families as Natural Support Systems for Offenders ............... , ~n Hoffman Fishman Albert S. Alissi The Fine 0pti0n Program: An Alternative to Prison for Fine Defaulters ....... .... Margery Heath The Case for Creative Restitution in Corrections , . , • James 1t. Bridges John T. Gandy James D. Jorgensen An Evaluation of Federal Community Treatment Centers .... • James L. Beck Education and Training of Probation Olfleers: A Critical Asses,mue~t .......... , . ~ Chris W. Eskridge ~ersion of Juveaile Offemlers: An Amblffuoms 8tato Art .................... ~qtanley Vanagunas Probation: A Skills Course wing Techniques in Probation and Parole: ,ial Interview (Part 1) ............... Henry L. Hartman rg SEPTEMBER 1979 8 ADMINISTRATION Administrative Office of the Department of Justice United States Courts WILr.IAM E. FOLEY BENJAMIN R. CIVILETTI Director Attorney General JOSEPH F. SPANIOL, JR. CHARLES RUFF Deputy Director Aeti~g Dep~ty Attorney General WAYNE P. JACKSON NORMAN A. CARLSON Chief of Probation Director, B~reau of Prisons EDITORIAL STAFF DONALD I,. CHAMLEE Assi.~tant Chief of Probation Editor WILLIAM A. MAIO, JR. MILLIE A. RABY Managing Editor Editorial Secretary ADVISORY COMMITTEE RICHARD A. CHAPPELL, Former Chairman, U.S. Board of LLOYD E. OHLIN, PH.D., Professor of Criminology, Har- Parole, and Former Chief, Federal Probation System vard University Law School ALVIN W. ColiN, D.CI~IM., President, Administration of MILTON G. RECTOR, Director, National Co~tncil on Crime Justice Services, Inc., Rockville, Md. and Delinqite~ley, Haekensack, N.J. T. C. ESSELSTYN, PH.D., Emeritus Professor of Sociology, San Jose State University GEORGE J. REED, Commissioner (Retired), U.S. Parole VICTOE H. EVZEN, Assistant Chief of Probation (Retired), Corn mission Administrative O.~ee o.f the U.S. CoT~rts TtIORSTEN SELLIN, PH.D., Emeritus Professor of Sociology, BENJAMIN FRANK, PH.D., Chief of Research and Statis- University of Pennsylvania tics (Retired), Federal B~lreau of Prisons, and former E. PRESTON SHARP, PH.D., Execrative Director, American Professor, Southern Illinois University and The Ameri- Correctional Association, Retired. can University CttARLES E. SMITH, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, The D~=~EL GLASER, PH.D., Professor of Sociology, UTdversity School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, of Southern Cahfornia Chapel Hill AUSTIN H. MACCORMICK, Executive Director, The Osborne Association, Inc., New York City MERRILL A. SMITH, Chief of Probation (Retired), Admin- RICHARD A. McGEE, Chairman of the Board, American istrative Office of the U.S. Courts Justice Institute, Sacramento ROBERTS J. WRIGHT, Commissioner of Corrections (Re- BEN S. MEEKER, Chief Probation Officer (Retired), U.S. tired), Westchester County, N.Y., and former l~ditor, District Court for the Northern District of Illinois American Join'hal of Correction Federal Probation, which is published by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, is edited by the Probation Division of the Administrative Office and printed by Federal Prison Industries, Inc., of the U.S. Depart- ment of Justice. All phases of preventive and correctional activities in delinquency and crime come within the fields of interest of FEDERAL I~ORATION. The Quarterly wishes to share with its readers all constructively worthwhile points of view and welcomes the contributions of those engaged in the study of juvenile and adult offenders. Federal, state, and local organizations, institutions, and agencies--both public and private---are invited to submit any significant experience and findings related to the prevention and control of delinquency and crime. Manuscripts (in duplicate), editorial matters, books, and communications should be addressed to FEDERAL PRORATION, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Washington, D.C. 20544. Permission to quote is granted on condition that appropriate credit is given to the author and the Quarterly. Information regarding the reprinting of articles may be obtained by writing to the Editors. FEDERAL PROBATION QUARTERLY Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Washington, D.C. 20544 NCJRS SEP 2 1 1980 Federal Proba t -on I~ A JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE Published by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and Printed by Federal Prison Industries, Inc., of the U.S. Department of Justice VOLUME XXXXIII SEPTEMBER 1979 "'" ~O~'~ NUMBER 3 lrU This Issue in Brief The American Prison: The End of an Era.- which has implications for new directions in the That the century-old prison reform movement field of criminal justice. This program was origi- aimed at shaping the prison into an effective nally initiated in response to an article which rehabilitative agency has come to an end is not appeared in FEDERAL PROBATION in December debatable, asserts Dr. Benjamin Frank. The idea 1974. Mrs. Margaret Worthington, a retired social that the prison, even under the best conditions, worker and the founder of Woman in Crisis, was does not and cannot cure criminals is now deeply moved by the observations brought forth in "The imbedded in commonplace wisdom. The purpose Prisoner's Wife: A Study in Crisis," by Mary of this article is to review the rise and decline Schwartz and Judith Weintraub (Vol. 38, No. 4) of the "rehabilitative ideal" and to assess the impact of this change on the organizing principle and began mobilizing other interested individuals of the prison. in the Hartford community to establish support for offenders' families. Writing Standards for Correctional Accredita. tion.--In order to fulfill its mission of accrediting The Fine Option Program: An Alternative to correctional agencies on a nationwide basis, the Commission on Accreditation for Corrections re- quired a complete and measurable set of standards 1:4 e American Prison: The EndN of an for use by field audit teams. Ernest G. Reimer Era .......... Benjamin Frank ~ 3 riting Standards for Correctional "-7~c:~O /:~ and Dale K. Sechrest describe the process of ccreditation ...... Ernest /G. Reimer standards development used by the Commission, ~'engthening Dale K. Seehrest 10 Families as Natural Support Systems ..f~.~ ~, including use of existing standards, use of con- for Offenders .... Susan Hoffman rishma,!/ ff 0 sultants to draft standards, drafting techniques, Albert S. Alissz 16 / field testing of standards, and the approval Che Fine Option Program: An Alternative to Prison'T¢~ ~O~ ;~ ~for Fine Defaulters ..... Margery Heath t22 process. The resulting manuals of standards were ~.Tlm Case for Creative Restitution in ---7c:~ ~)£)t~ carefully compiled by persons with experience and Corrections ....... James H. Bridgcg | John T. Gandy expertise in all aspects of the correctional opera- ~n James D. Jorgensen 28 tions, and with careful consideration of the wide Evaluation of Federal Community Treatment 7~,~ t~/~:~ range of correction practices. enters .......... James L. Beck 36 ~ucation and Training of Probation Officers: -7~ ~]/ Strengthening Families as Natural Support ~,~,A Critical Assessment . Chris W. Eskrid.tfe 41 ., ~olice Diversion of Juvenile Offenders: An Amblgmus" 7 t~ t:~] Systems for offenders.~This case illustration, ~/ State of the Art ..... Stanley Vanagu~tas/48 by Susan Hoffman Fishman and Dr. Albert S. |Traetieal Probation: A Skills Course--Interviewing - - ~ "7 9 ¢" Techniques in Probation and Parole: The Initial A/c$~ ~,,~-*" Alissi, demonstrates the importance of meeting Interview (Part 1) .... Henry L. Hart,man 52 the needs of family members at times of crisis Departments : in order to strengthen the family as a stable Looking at the Law ........... 59 source of help to the offender. Women in Crisis, News of the Future ........... 61 Letter to the Editor . .......... 64 an innovative volunteer service agency, offers a Reviews of Professional Periodicals ...... 65 Your Bookshelf on Review ......... 71 model which has been found to be effective and It Has Come to Our Attention ....... 79 2 FEDERAL PROBATION Prison for Fine Defaulters.--After 4 years the risk" offenders (e.g., offenders with extensive Fine Option Program in Saskatchewan is fully prior records). operational and available to anyone who has been Education and Training of Probation Officers: fined and given time to pay, reports Margery A Critical Assessment.--This article, by Dr. Heath. As a short-term solution to the problem Chris W. Eskridge, deals with a number of critical of fine default it has been fairly successful. The issues involving the education and training of total days of care are substantially reduced, al- probation officers. It describes the types of back- though the number of admissions still remains grounds which probation officers bring with them in the range of approximately 1,500 per year. to their jobs and examines the issue of whether The Case for Creative Restitution in Correc- college or graduate level study is necessarily de- tions.--Although restitution is a centuries-old sirable for all probation officers. The article also concept, it provides exciting new alternatives and reviews the merits and demerits of both pre- directions for the criminal justice system, write service and inservice training and education. Dr. James H. Bridges, Dr. John T. Gandy, and Police Diversion of Juvenile
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