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Tom Paulin's Poetry

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Tom Paulin's Poetry PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE LETRAS ANDREA FERRÁS WOLWACZ TOM PAULIN’S POETRY: POLITICS, HISTORY AND LANGUAGE PORTO ALEGRE 2014 2 ANDREA FERRÁS WOLWACZ TOM PAULIN’S POETRY: POLITICS, HISTORY AND LANGUAGE Tese apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de doutor pelo programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Letras da Pontifícia da Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. BIAGIO D’ANGELO PORTO ALEGRE 2014 3 CIP - CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO W869t Wolwacz, Andrea Ferrás Tom Paulin poetry: politics, history and language / Andrea Ferrás Wolwacz ; orientador Biagio D’Angelo - - 2014. 159 f. ; 30 cm Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 1. Paulin, Thomas, 1949- 2. Literatura irlandesa - História e Crítica. 3. Poesia irlandesa - Crítica e interpretação. 4. Estudos irlandeses. 5. Análise crítica. I. Título. II D’Angelo, Biagio. CDU 1987 820(416)-1.09 Bibliotecária responsável: Maria Joaquina Medeiros Sene CRB-10/966 4 ANDREA FERRÁS WOLWACZ TOM PAULIN’S POETRY: POLITICS, HISTORY AND LANGUAGE Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do grau de Doutor, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Faculdade de Letras da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Aprovada em: ____de__________________de________. BANCA EXAMINADORA: ______________________________________________ Biagio D’angelo ______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marçal de Menezes Paredes ______________________________________________ Maria Tereza Amodeo ______________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Sandra Sirangelo Maggio ______________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Mara Ferreira Jardim 5 For my daughter Natasha. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Maria Rachel Ferrás Wolwacz e Victor Wolwacz, por proporcionarem minha educação e incentivarem a aquisição de conhecimento intelectual. A minha filha Natasha Wolwacz Heinz, que sempre acreditou no meu sucesso e me ajudou com os afazeres do dia a dia, especialmente durante o período em que estive na Irlanda do Norte. Ao meu orientador Biagio D’angelo. Ao meu co-orientador Dr. Frank Sewell, que me acolheu na Irlanda do Norte, me abriu os caminhos da universidade e da pesquisa e dedicou seu tempo discutindo questões literárias, sociais, históricas e políticas. A todos os professores e funcionários da University of Ulster, Coleraine campus por terem sido tão delicados e prestativos. A CAPES que financiou minha estada na Irlanda do Norte durante o período do programa de Doutorado Sanduíche – PDSE – para desenvolver parte da minha pesquisa e proporcionou-me a enriquecedora experiência acadêmica Ao Alexandre Mabilde Petracco, que compartilhou comigo os bons e maus momentos dessa trajetória me escutando e me acalmando nos momentos de grande tensão e ansiedade. À Mara Jardim, que me socorreu com correções, revisões e discussões sobre meu trabalho e com sua presença amiga nos momentos de aflição, angústia e incerteza. A Claudia Flores Pereira, que, em nossas idas e vindas da FAPA, teve a paciência de me escutar. Ao Patrick Holloway, que realizou a revisão da língua inglesa. Ao Tarcisio Oliveira Brambila, que me ajudou na formatação deste trabalho. A FAPA, sem cujo apoio à ida a Irlanda do Norte não teria acontecido. Aos colegas e funcionários da FAPA, pela amizade e estímulo. A todos que, embora não citados nominalmente, direta ou indiretamente me apoiaram nesses últimos anos. 7 what I have to say’s dead obvious we’ve had x years of blood and shit and some of us have written poems or issued too many credos through the press. Tom Paulin, 1987 8 RESUMO A presente tese analisa a literatura contemporânea da Irlanda do Norte de língua inglesa com apoio teorico dos Estudos Irlandeses. Tem como objetivo introduzir e criticar a poesia escrita por Tom Paulin, poeta britânico contemporâneo, considerado um dos grandes escritores irlandeses protestantes surgidos na província de Ulster. A linha percorrida nesta análise diz respeito à investigação de como os discursos ideológicos e as questões de identidade são representados no trabalho do poeta. Uma avaliação crítica do autor sobre ideologias e identidades existentes na Irlanda do Norte e sua tentativa de responder a elas também serão analisadas. Para realizar esta análise, a tese está dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro apresenta um relato de eventos históricos na Irlanda desde sua conquista pelo Império Britânico até o presente momento, concentrando-se na Irlanda do Norte depois da Partição gerada pelo Tratado Anglo-Irlandês de 1922. O segundo capítulo dedica-se a uma reflexão sobre a criação da literatura nacional irlandesa escrita em inglês e sua estreita relação com a história social e política do país. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo constrói uma análise detalhada de poemas selecionados de cinco coleções diferentes: State of Justice (1977), The Strange Museum (1980) Liberty Tree (1983), Fivemiletown (1987) e The Wind Dog (1999). A fim de investigar as questões de identidade e ideologia, este capítulo está dividido em três subcapítulos de acordo com três importantes temas recorrentes. A primeira parte analisa poesia e política, a segunda investiga poesia e história, e o terceiro subcapítulo examina poesia e linguagem. Entre os diversos autores consultados para fundamentação do estudo sobre a poesia de Tom Paulin destacam-se Terry Eagleton, Edward Said, Elmer Andrews, Norman Vance, Peter MacDonald, Sara Broom, Patrícia Craig e Neil Corcoran. Grande parte destes teóricos pertencem a uma corrente específica da literatura pós-colonial, denominada Estudos Irlandeses . Palavras-chave: Estudos irlandeses. Identidade norte- irlandesa. Ideologia. Política. História. Linguagem. 9 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines contemporary Northern Irish Literature written in English with the help of the theoretical approach of Irish Studies. It aims to introduce and make a critique of poetry written by Tom Paulin, a contemporary British poet who is regarded one of the major Protestant Irish writers to emerge from Ulster province. The thread pursued in this analysis relates to an investigation of how ideological discourses and the issues of identity are represented in the poet’s work. The author’s critical evaluation of existing ideologies and identities and his attempt to respond to them will also be analyzed. To perform this analysis, this dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter presents an account of historical events in Ireland from its conquest to the present focusing in Northern Ireland after partition by the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1922. The second chapter is dedicated to a reflection on the establishment of Irish national literature written in English and its close relation to Irish social and political history. Finally, the third chapter is dedicated to a detailed analysis of selected poems from five different collections: State of Justice (1977), The Strange Museum (1980) Liberty Tree (1983), Fivemiletown (1987) and The Wind Dog (1999). In order to investigate the issues of identity and ideology, this chapter is divided in three sections according to three important recurring themes. The first section analyzes poetry and politics; the second investigates poetry and history and the third evaluates poetry and Language. Among the authors consulted to form the basis of the discussion are Terry Eagleton, Edward Said, Seamus Deane, Elmer Andrews, Norman Vance, Peter MacDonald, Sara Broom, Patrícia Craig, Neil Corcoran, and John Goodby. Most of them belong to this specific line of Postcolonial literature that is called Irish Studies. Keywords: Irish studies. Identity. Ideology. Politics. History. Language. 10 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………... 12 2 HISTORY OF THE SHAN VAN VOCHT .......……………………..… 21 3 NATIONAL LITERATURE: FROM THE CELTIC REVIVAL TO 29 THE TROUBLES ……………………………………………………… 3.1 The Celtic Revival ...………………………………………….………… 30 3.2 After Partition: “Years of Stillness” ………………………………….. 33 3.3 The Troubles and Poetry ...…………………………………………….. 35 4 TOM PAULIN AND HIS POETRY ………………………………..… 39 4.1 POETRY AND POLITICS ……………………………………………… 41 4.1.1 A Just State …………………………………………………………...… 51 4.1.2 States ……………………………………………………………………. 53 4.1.3 Under the Eyes ……………………………………………………….… 54 4.1.4 Still Century ……………………………………………………………. 56 4.1.5 Under Creon ……………………………………………………………. 57 4.1.5 Inishkeel Parish Church ……………………………………………….. 60 4.1.6 The Book of Juniper …………………………………………………… 61 4.2 POETRY AND HISTORY……………………………………………… 63 4.2.1 Martello …………………………………………………………………. 66 4.2.2 A Partial State …...……………………………………………………... 69 4.2.3 Presbyterian Study ...…………………………………………………... 71 4.2.4 Desertmartin ...………………………………………………………….. 73 4.2.5 An Ulster Unionist Walks the Streets of London …………….……… 76 4.2.6 The Defenestration of Hillsborough …………………………………... 80 4.3 POETRY AND LANGUAGE ………………………………………….. 83 4.3.1 Father of History ...……………………………………………………... 89 4.3.2 S/He ……………………………………………………………………... 92 4.3.3 Waftage: An Irregular Ode …………………………………………… 94 4.3.4 The Wind Dog ………………………………………………………….. 96 4.3.5 Fortogiveness …………………………………………………………… 101 FINAL CONSIDERATIONS …………………………………………. 104 REFERÊNCES…………………………………………………………. 110 ANNEX A – A Just State ……………………………………………… 122 ANNEX B – States ……………………………………………………... 123 ANNEX C – Under the Eyes …………………………………………... 124 ANNEX D – Still Century ……………………………………………... 125 ANNEX E – Under Creon ……………………………………………... 126 ANNEX F – Inishkeel Parish Church
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