IEE: India: Karauli Solid Waste Management, Rajasthan Urban

Initial Environmental Examination______

July 2010

IND: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program- Karauli Solid Waste Management

Prepared by Local Self Government Department for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 September 2011) Currency unit – Rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.02098 $1.00 = INR 47.65

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB — Asian Development Bank BOQ — bill of quantity CBO — community-based organization CFE — Consent for Establishment CFO — Consent for Operation CGWB — Central Ground Water Board CLC — City Level Committees CLIP — City Level Investment Plan CWR — clear water reservoirs DSC — Design and Supervision Consultants EAC — Expert Appraisal Committee EARF — Environmental Assessment Resettlement Framework EIA — Environmental Impact Assessment EMP — Environmental Management Plan EMS — Environmental Monitoring Specialist EPA — Environmental Protection Agency GLR — ground level reservoir GRC — Grievance Redress Committee H&S — Health & Safety IEE — Initial Environmental Examination IPIU — Investment Program Implementation Unit IPMC — Investment Program Management Consultants IPMU — Investment Program Project Management Unit ITI — industrial training institutes JNNURM — Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LSGD — Local Self Government Department MFF — multitranche financing facility MLD — million liters per day MOEF — National Ministry of Environment and Forests NAAQS — National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGO — nongovernmental organization NRRP — National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy NRW — non-revenue water O&M — operation and maintenance OHSA — Occupational Health & Safety Administration OHSR — overhead storage reservoirs OMC — Operations and Maintenance Contractors PHED — Public Health Engineering Department PIU — Project Implementation Unit PMU — Project Management Unit

RMB - Rajsamand Municipal Board ROW — right of way

RPCB — Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board RUIDP — Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project RUSDIP — Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Programme SEIAA — State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SPS — Safeguard Policy Statement STP — sewage treatment plant TDS — total dissolved solids TOR — terms of reference UIDSSMT — Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns ULB — urban local body USEPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency WTP — water treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter km – kilometer lpd – liters per day m – meter mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter ppm – parts per million

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Purpose of the report 1 B. Extent of the IEE study 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 A. Type, Category and Need 3 B. Location, Size and Implementation Schedule 3 C. Description of the Sub-project 4

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 9 A. Physical Resources 9 B. Ecological Resources 18 C. Economic Development 19 D. Social and Cultural Resources 25

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: LOCATION AND DESIGN 26

V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: INFRASTRUCTURE 26 CONSTRUCTION 26 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact 26 B. Landfill and Internal Road 27 C. Storage Bins 30

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 33 A. Screening out areas of no significant impact 33 B. Operation and maintenance of the improved waste management system 33 C. Greenhouse gas emission and control 34 D. Environmental impacts and benefits of the operating system 34

VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 36 A. Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures 36 B. Institutional arrangements for project implementation 36 C. Environmental Monitoring Plan 43 D. Environmental management and monitoring cost 46

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 47 A. Project stakeholders 47 B. Consultation and disclosure to date 47 C. Future consultation and disclosure 48 D. Grievance Redress Mechanism 49

IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50 A. Findings 50 B. Recommendations 52

X. CONCLUSIONS 53

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Introduction and Regulatory Framework: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) is intended to optimize social and economic development in 15 selected towns in the State, particularly district headquarters and towns with significant tourism potential. RUSDIP Phase II to be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the ADB. RUSDIP will improve infrastructure through the design and implementation of a series of subprojects, each providing improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, drainage, road, solid waste etc) in one town.

2. The impacts of subprojects prepared according to ADB Environment Policy (2002, 2009) and Indian National Law. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to Category A, B, C and F1. RUSDIP has been classified by ADB as environmental assessment category B (some negative impacts but less significant than category A). The only type of infrastructure provided by the RUSDIP that is specified in the EIA Notification (2006) of Govt. Of India is solid waste management, where Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for all Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities. EC is thus required for the solid waste management sub-project and this is subject to Environmental Examination. This is the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report for the Karauli solid waste management sector. It discusses the generic environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed under this subproject.

3. Project Description: The sub-project is located in Karauli, the headquarters town of Karauli district, in the South-Eastern Boader of Rajasthan. The main component of the subproject is the construction of engineered sanitary landfill on 4.62 ha land. New approach and internal road and boundary wall along the landfill site are also considered as a part of development of landfill site. The project site is located in the village near Dhani Ram Ka Pura on Masalpur Road 6 km from Nagar Palika. In addition to landfill site procurement of garbage containers, waste transportation vehicles and equipments are considered within the package.

4. Description of Environment: Karauli is located between 260 30‘ N and 260 49‘ N Latitude and 760 30‘ E and 770 26‘ E Longitudes with average elevation of town is approximately 275 metres above M.S.L. Karauli town is surrounded by River in three sides. In the north-east side River Bhadrabati and In South-west side River Barkhera surrounded the town. Karauli town lies in low damage risk zone II. The area is less prone to earthquakes as it is located on relatively stable geological plains based on evaluation of the available earthquake zone information. Karauli is essentially a hilly area surrounded on three sides on plans and one side by the Chambal River. The Mountain Arabali‘s eastern series consists of quartz, Mica, gneiss and Migmatites etc., whereas, the rock of Great Vindhyan series, mainly in Kaimul, Riwa and Bhander, consists largely of sand stone, lime stone and slate. Soil of the region falls within rainfall zone of 500- 700 mm. The soil is generally alluvial in nature which prone to water logging. The region has a generally arid climate. The average rain fall of the district is 68.92 cm. The district has only approximately of 35 rainy days on average in a year. The range of temperature is high with maximum reaching up to 490C and Minimum recorded as low as 20C. There are no data on ambient air quality of Karauli town, which is not subject to monitoring by the Rajasthan Pollution Control Board (RPCB) as there are no major industries. The nearest station is located at Alwar (154 km from Karauli). Traffic is the only significant pollutant in Karauli, so levels of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are likely to be well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). On an average 60-70 50% of the district area (mostly

south and eastern part of the district) covered with consolidated fissured formation with some patches of hilly area. Water quality from existing tube wells, especially around the city centre, has deteriorated significantly with a total dissolved solids having increased from 850 ppm to 2,535 ppm thereby rendering water unsuitable for human consumption. The results also indicate higher concentration of nitrate (10 percent samples) and iron (30 percent samples) than recommended levels prescribed by the Indian standards on drinking water. It is therefore recommended that as far as possible existing tube wells should be abandoned. There is no forest area nearby the sub-project site. No endangered flora and fauna is reported from the site.

5. Karauli, being the district headquarters for Karauli District, performs all administrative and revenue functions required of a district center. Traditionally, Karauli is a commercial town and the main occupation of the people is agriculture and commercial. However some developments can be seen now a day in the town in form of industries and commercial activities. Karauli is also a cultural town depicting original Rajasthan Heritage. According to the Census of 2001 the work force participation ratio in Karauli is 23.38 percent, which is marginally lower when compared with cities such as Kota (27.6%), Jaipur (27.0%), Udaipur (28.0) and the state of Rajasthan (26.6%). During the last century, Karauli remained industrially backward. It mainly depended on agriculture and few cottage industries. Quarrying of building stone was the only activity which provided employment to the comparatively large section of the population. The area of Karauli Municipality Board is 58,808 Acre. Out of this total area, 17,642 acres is developed and rest of the land is full of hills and ravines. Residential use of land is 30% of developed land. The major portion of municipal land is full of hills and ravine resulting in heterogonous nature of settlements. 36.12 percent of municipal land is wasteland and used for animal grazing. Proportion of commercial land is of 4.5 percent whereas recreation land is 21.8 percent.

6. Water supply to Karauli is from only groundwater sources comprising 32 nos. of tube well. Groundwater is tapped through the tube wells. From tube well 5.2 MLD water extract and supplied to the town. There is no underground sewage system in Karauli town at present. Only few households have covered with individual septic tank. The disposal of waste and effluent of septic tank is through the open drains. Presently the roads in Karauli town are equipped with kachha open drains, but most of the drains are silted resulting in overflow and resulting flooding in monsoon. Small industries exist in under RIICO, which is outside the city area and small amount of effluent disposed scattered in local nallahs. Karauli generates 35.73 tons (approx.) of solid waste daily in 2009 and Waste collected per day is only 11 tons (approx.). Karauli comprises a road network of 95 km, consisting of 35 km concrete roads, 15 km bituminous roads, and 25 km of earthen road control and maintained by Municipality and 20 km of BT road under PWD control which is mainly the part of SH-22 (Hindaun-Mandrayal road) and National state highway no. NH-11B (Masalpur-Gangapur road).

7. According to Census 2001, the population of Karauli Urban Agglomeration is 66,239 and spreads over Karauli Municipal area in 35 nos. of wards. Initially Karauli district was within the Sawai Madhopur district, but later on, Karauli was separated as a distinct district. Being a district headquarters, it is expected that the requisite number of educational and health facilities are available within the city area for the population as per norms. Karauli is a popular destination for domestic as well as foreign tourist. Some famous temple like Madan Mahan Temple, Ma Sahib Temple, Sri Kaila Devi Temple, Kaila Devi Sanctuary and Sri Karanpur Mata Temple. Timagarh fort, Mandarayal fort, Sahi Kund, Raj Palace, Sukh Vilas and Rangawa Talav are other points of attraction for tourist inflow.

8. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measure: All pre-construction (design), construction, and operation activities that are likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Most of the individual elements of the subproject are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localised and not greatly significant during design phase.

9. The proposed landfill site is situated on non cultivated land and devoid of any environmental sensitive feature inside or in the vicinity of the proposed site. Though there is no restricted area is located nearby the project sites but during construction special attention particularly application of some mitigation measures are recommended in IEE report.

10. During project implementation the impacts are consider on physical environment like water, air, soil, noise; on biological environment, like flora and fauna and socio-economic environment (which is positive in some extent) and sensitive receptors. All the impacts are temporary and for short duration. In all the cases mitigation measures i.e. control of air, dust pollution, checking of water and noise pollution, protection of biological environment and minimize the social impacts are taken care. Safety measures, both occupational and social are considered and those are depicted in IEE. During operation phases there are few positive socio- economic impacts will be anticipated.

11. Institutional responsibility and Environmental management and monitoring plan: LSGD is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under the loan. Environmental issues will be coordinated by an Environmental Specialist within the IPMU/ IPMC, who will ensure that all subprojects comply with environmental safeguards. An Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) who is part of the DSC team will implement the Environmental Monitoring Plan from each IEE, to ensure that mitigation measures are provided and protect the environment as intended.

12. Implementation of Environmental management plan and monitoring frequency will be taken care during construction phase. Most the mitigation activities are the responsibility of the Construction Contractors (CC) employed to build the infrastructure during the construction stage, or the O&M Contractors employed to conduct maintenance or repair work when the system is operating. Responsibility for the relevant measures will be assigned to the Contractors via the contracts through which they are appointed (prepared by the DSC during the detailed design stage), so they will be legally required to take the necessary action. There are also some actions that need to be taken by LSGD in their role as project proponent, and some actions related to the design that will be implemented by the DSC. Mitigation measures are fairly standard methods of minimising disturbance from building in urban areas (maintaining access, planning work to avoid sensitive times, finding uses for waste material, etc), and experienced Contractors should be familiar with most of the requirements. Monitoring of such measures normally involves making observations in the course of site visits, although some require more formal checking of records and other aspects. There will also be some surveys of residents, as most of the measures are aimed at preventing impacts on people and the human environment. Environmental management and monitoring cost for the sub-project has been estimated as 2.38 million Rupees i.e. 51,739 US$.

13. Public consultation, information disclosure and grievance redress mechanism: Public consultation with primary and secondary stakeholders has been conducted to understanding the local issues and public views regarding the possible impact. The group discussion meeting were conduct by RUIDP after advertising in Local NEWS papers. The

issues like, awareness and extent of the project and development components, benefits of project for the economic and social upliftment of community, labour availability in the project area or requirement of outside labour involvement, local disturbances due to project construction work, necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites, water logging and drainage problem if any, drinking water problem, forest and sensitive area nearby the project site etc. On the basis of outcome of consultation the action plan has been developed. LSGD will extend and expand the consultation and disclosure process significantly during implementation of RUSDIP. They will appoint an experienced NGO to handle this key aspect of the programme.

14. The project authority will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected persons‘ concerns, complaints and grievances about the project‘s environmental performance.

15. Recommendation and Conclusion: There are two straightforward but essential recommendations that need to be followed to ensure that the environmental impacts of the project are successfully mitigated. These are that LSGD should ensure that, all mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures proposed in this IEE report and in the Resettlement Framework for the RUSDIP are implemented in full, as described in these two documents and the Environmental Monitoring Plan proposed in IEE and the internal and external monitoring proposed in the Resettlement Framework are also implemented in full.

16. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the subproject is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed subproject, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. There are no uncertainties in the analysis, and no additional work is required to comply with ADB procedure. For satisfying National law environmental clearance is required for operation of Sanitary Landfill site.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Purpose of the report

1. Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) is intended to optimize social and economic development in 15 selected towns in the State, particularly district headquarters and towns with significant tourism potential. This will be achieved through investments in urban infrastructure (water supply; sewerage and sanitation; solid waste management; urban drainage; urban transport and roads), urban community upgrading (community infrastructure; livelihood promotion) and civic infrastructure (art, culture, heritage and tourism; medical services and health; fire services; and other services). RUSDIP will also provide policy reforms to strengthen urban governance, management, and support for urban infrastructure and services. The assistance will be based on the State-level framework for urban reforms, and institutional and governance reforms recommended by the Government of India (GoI) through the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).

2. RUSDIP Phase II to be implemented over a seven year period beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the ADB. The Executing Agency (EA) is the Local Self-Government Department (LSGD) of the Government of Rajasthan (GoR); and the Implementing Agency (IA) is the Project Management Unit (PMU) of the Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project (RUIDP), which is currently in the construction stage.

3. RUSDIP will improve infrastructure through the design and implementation of a series of subprojects, each providing improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, solid waste etc) in one town. RUSDIP has been classified by ADB as environmental assessment category B (some negative impacts but less significant than category A). The impacts of subprojects prepared according to ADB Environment Policy 2002, 2009 and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003).

B. Extent of the IEE study

4. Indian law and ADB policy (2009) require that the environmental impacts of development projects are identified and assessed as part of the planning and design process, and that action is taken to reduce those impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through the environmental assessment process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and project development and implementation worldwide.

1. ADB Policy

5. ADB‘s Environment Policy (2009) requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank‘s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in Operations Manual (OM) 20: Section F1/BP (2006) Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, programme loans, sector loans, sector development programme loans, financial intermediation loans and private sector investment operations.

6. The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective 2 mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to one of the following categories:

(i) Category A: Projects that could have significant environmental impacts. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. (ii) Category B: Projects that could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of less significance than those for category A. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. (iii) Category C: Projects those are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed. (iv) Category FI: Projects that involve a credit line through a financial intermediary (FI) or an equity investment in a FI. The FI must apply an environmental management system, unless all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts.

7. The Bank has categorised this program as Category B and following normal procedure for MFF loans has determined that one Environmental Examination will be conducted for each subproject, with a subproject being the infrastructure improvements in a particular sector (water supply, sewerage, solid waste etc) in one town.

2. National Law

8. The GoI EIA Notification of 2006, 2009 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorised as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

9. Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from the National Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the form of a Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC if appropriate.

10. Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorises the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries.

11. The only type of infrastructure provided by the RUSDIP that is specified in the EIA Notification is solid waste management, where EC is required for all Common Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities (facilities that are shared by more than one town).

3. Review and Approval Procedure

12. For Category B projects the Draft Environmental Status report and its summary (SIEE) are reviewed by ADB‘s Regional Department sector division and Environment and Social Safeguards Division, and by the Executing Agency (EA), and additional comments may be sought from project affected people and other stakeholders. All comments are incorporated in preparing the final documents, which are reviewed by the Executing Agency and the national environmental protection agency (MoEF in this case). The EA then officially submits the IEE and SIEE reports to ADB for consideration by the Board of Directors. Completed reports are made available worldwide by ADB, via the depository library system and the ADB website.

4. Scope of Study

13. This is the IEE report for the Karauli Solid Waste Management subproject. It discusses the environmental impacts and mitigation measures relating to the location, design, construction and operation of physical works proposed under this subproject.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Type, Category and Need

14. This is a solid waste management sub-project, and as explained above it has been classified by ADB as Category B, because it is not expected to have major negative environmental impacts. Under ADB procedures such projects require an IEE to identify and mitigate the impacts, and to determine whether further study or a more detailed EIA may be required. The sub-project is needed because the present solid waste infrastructure in Karauli is inadequate for the needs of the growing population. There are too few collection points and people deposit their refuse on open ground in the town, and although the municipality collect the waste from these areas periodically, the service is irregular and collected waste is then dumped on open ground outside the town where it is unsightly and an environmental hazard. This is one of a series of subprojects designed by the RUSDIP that are intended to raise the standards of the municipal infrastructure and services of Karauli and the other urban centres to those expected of modern Asian towns.

B. Location, Size and Implementation Schedule

15. The sub-project is located in Karauli, the headquarters town of Karauli district, in the South-Eastern Boader of Rajasthan. Karauli is located between 260 30‘ N and 260 49‘ N Latitude and 760 30‘ E and 770 26‘ E Longitudes with average elevation of town is approximately 275 metres above M.S.L. (Figure 2.1). The main infrastructure will be a new engineered landfill to be built on 4.62 ha of government land, and new metal collection bins at various locations in the town. Other components include the provision of vehicles and equipment, plus training and support to the municipality in the operation of a solid waste management system.

16. Detailed design started end of 2009 and completed in March 2010, construction of the infrastructure and procurement of equipment will be completed in and around one and half years. The solid waste management system should therefore begin to operate in the year 2012- 13.

17. Photographs of the project area are attached as Annexure- II – A.

C. Description of the Sub-project

1. Existing situation of Solid Waste Management in the city

18. Waste generation: Karauli generates 35.73 tons (approximately) of solid waste daily in 2009 and Waste collected per day is only 11 tons (approximately). Major source of generation of waste in Karauli town is expedited in the Table 2.1 where it is clearly shown that the waste generation by Residential/Domestic is predominant. In addition to household (domestic) solid waste, the main waste generation sources in the town are vegetable and fruit markets, commercial including hotels and eateries, construction activities, institutional and other tourism related activities

Table 2.1: Waste generation of town S.No. Land Use Waste Generation (Kg/Day) 1 Residential 32200 2 Commercial 730 3 Vegetable and fruit market 500 4 Slaughter House wastes 50 5 Hotels and Restaurants 400 6 Industrial (Bid Factory) 450 7 Institutional 1400 Total 35730 Note: The population of Karauli in 2009 was around 79,393 and waste generation was 35,730 kg/day. Thus per capita waste generation in 2009 was 450gms/capita/day.

19. Waste Collection: Process of waste collection by Karauli Municipal Board (KMB) is as under,

(i) Karauli MB carries out street sweeping with frequency varying from weekly/fortnightly in total road network of 75 km (including earthen roads) only 69 nos. sweepers are engaged. (ii) There is no house-to-house waste collection system (iii) Individual households deposit their waste in dust bins / open collection points. (iv) Commercial and institutional establishments deposit waste at open collection points for further collection and transportation by Karauli MB. (v) Ad-hoc disorganized collection system is seen working for collection of solid waste. (vi) Waste is presently collected from 79 places (open dumps) as per KMC. Further there are 20 nos. of close type bins of 3m3 capacity. (vii) There are 68 nos. of wheel barrows for primary collection (viii) Twenty Hand craft are provided to sweepers to collect sweeping waste. (ix) In short the present sweeping and collection system is not satisfactory. The collection system in form of open dumps is unhygienic involving manual handling and multiple handling. Only 50% of areas are collected everyday and the wastes from other areas are collected on alternate days to once a week or no collection.

20. Waste Transportation: KMB has adopted open transport of wastes from temporary points to the dumping site and the waste is being collected from these points and loaded on to the tractor trailer manually. Manual loading is double loading was found to be time consuming and reduces the productivity of vehicles and manpower deployed. Additionally, manual loading and handling of wastes poses a serious threat to the health of sanitary workers. KMB presently clears the waste using the existing transportation fleet. The details regarding vehicular fleet are

furnished in the Table 3.6below. The details of types of vehicles available, year of manufacturing is shown in Annexure 5.2. The number of vehicles available with the Karauli Municipal Board is given in Table 2.2. . Table 2.2: Transportation vehicles available with KMB for waste transportation Vehicle Types No. of Vehicles available with KMB Dumper Placer 1 JCB Loader 1 Tractors 2 Total 4 Source: KMB.

21. It is reported by the KMB that each vehicle makes 1-3 trips per day between the assigned wards and the disposal area. The existing transportation fleet of the KMB has a rated capacity of 1.5 – 2.0 MT/vehicle/trip. However, it was observed that the vehicles were not filled to maximum capacity to complete scheduled number of trips. Further, the operational efficiency of the fleet on road was only about 40-50% every day.

22. From field observations, it was found that the vehicles are loaded partially due to lack of stringent monitoring system. Further, the waste was transported in open condition emanating foul smell and causing public nuisance. From the discussions held with the officials of the KMB, it was observed that there was no workshop facility available with KMB and the repairs and maintenance of the vehicles were undertaken at private garage. 23. The dumped garbage are allowed to decompose and shrink at the spot, spreading and levelling are often done by dozer / excavators as and when required. Lack of essential requirements like electronic weighbridge and record room leads to unaccountable flow of wastes dumped. 24. Waste Disposal: There are no proper disposal facilities in the town. Waste collected from various locations across the city is disposed off on city outskirts through crude open dumping. There are no identified disposal sites; waste is disposed in low-lying areas in the fringe and newly developing areas − near Dhani Ram Ka Pura on Masalpur Road 6 km from Nagar Palika. Light weight waste such as paper and plastic often finds its way into surroundings areas. 2. Subproject Description including Detailed Scope 25. Table 2.3 shows the nature and size of the various components of the subproject. There are three main elements: construction of a landfill and internal road; placement of storage bins in the town; and provision of vehicles and equipment. The descriptions shown in Table 2.3 are based on the present proposals, which are expected to be substantially correct, although certain details may change as development of the subproject progresses. 26. The landfill will be built on 4.62 ha of government land at Masalpur road, of Karauli city. The layout plan and location of proposed landfill site is shown in Figure 2.2 and 2.3. The landfill will be 9 m deep and extend filled up upto ground level when full, and the floor will be sealed with amended clay linear and HDPE geo-synthetic liner and provided with drains to collect leachate, which will be transferred into leachate collection tank. The working area will be divided into cells, one for each year of operation. A 200 m of internal / access road will be developed for the movement of the vehicles.

27. The waste collection/storage bins will be of metal, 1.1 m3 in capacity, located on small concrete plinths at various points in the town, mainly on waste ground adjacent to roads.

28. Equipment and vehicles to be provided includes:

(i) Garbage collection container of 1.1 cum capacity (ii) Street litter bins 150 lts capacity (iii) Bin carrier (capacity 1.1 cum) auto Rickshaw for secondary collection (iv) Rickshaw trolley(8 bins); and Hand cart (6 bins) for primary collection (v) A backhoe digger, compactor and dumper placer for landfill site and secondary transportation

Figure 2.1: Location of Karauli town

Figure 2.2 Layout plan of Sanitary Landfill at Karauli

Figure 2.3: Location of landfill site shown in SOI Toposheet

Table 2.3: Improvements in solid waste management proposed in Karauli Infrastructure Function Description Location 1. Physical Infrastructure Sanitary Landfill Provide a safe repository for non- A 4.62 ha HDPE Geo- Land fill site is biodegradable waste (and rejected membrane and clay-lined planned near material from the composting plant) engineered landfill, 9 m deep, Dhanairam ka Pura to serve the town population for 25 with drains and ponds to on Masalpur road years. collect and treat leachate. Landfill Trench dimension – 42 m x 29 m Internal Road Internal road within the landfill for 200 m road, 3.5 m in width, Internal road is movement of vehicles with an 1 m shoulder on located within the either side landfill site Boundary wall , Protection of landfill site 500 m boundary wall Periphery of the leachate collection Collection and storage of leachate Construction of leachate tank remaining area of tank, office building the landfill site Leachate tank- one side of the landfill site Waste Storage Bins Provide a location where 47 garbage collection At appropriate householders can deposit and container of 1.1 cum locations in the segregate their waste, from where capacity, located on small town, on waste the municipality can collect the concrete platforms ground adjacent to material regularly and transport to roads. landfill. 2. Vehicles and Equipments Landfill vehicles Relocate waste after deposition at 1 no. backhoe machine; 1 no. Landfill site the landfill and cover with soil at the truck mounted 14 cum refuse end of each day, and on closure of compactor each cell Secondary Collect waste from the town by 1 no. bin carrier (capacity 1.1 Town collection vehicles emptying the waste storage bins, cum) auto Rickshaw, 1 no. 5 and carry the waste to the transfer cum and 1 no. 10 cum Truck station. Primary collection Collect waste from households 13 nos. Rickshaw trolley (8 Town vehicles bins); 25 nos. Hand cart (6 bins) Litter bins Deposition of waste by people in 102 street litter bins (twin Town town bins) 150 lts capacity

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

1. Location

29. Karauli is the historical place and was found by King Arjun Pal of the Yadav Empire in 1348. Its original name was Kalyanpura because of the famous Temple of Kalyan of the town. Earlier it was called Bhadrawati due to its location on the bank of River Bhadrabati. The circumference of Karauli under walled city is 3.7 km. and it‘s made of red sand stone. It has six large gateway (Darwaze) and twelve small gate way (Khitkiyan). The town has grown considerably from its original area of1.05 sq.km to 33.00 sq. km. on 19th July, 1997 Karauli was declared a new district and become the 32nd district of Rajasthan. Now Karauli is the district as well as administrative head quarter of the district. The district is divided into five subdivisions- Karauli, Sapotara, Mandrayal, Todabheem and Hindann. The details of the district are depicted in the Table 3.1. Figure 3.1 shows Karauli district map.

30. Karauli town is surrounded by River in three sides. In the north-east side River Bhadrabati and In South-west side River Barkhera surrounded the town. Table 3.1: Salient features of the district Name of Tehsil Nos. of Kanungo Circle under Tehsil with name Total Tehsil population Hindaun Bargaban, Hindaun, Khera, Mahoo Ibrahimpur, Sherpur, 347264 Shri Mahaveerji, Suroth (7 nos.) Karauli Chainpur, Gunesra, Kailadevi, Karauli, Kheria, Maholi, 288860 Masalpur (7 nos.) Mandrail Langra, Mandrail (2 nos.) 61182 Nadoti Garh khera, Harh Mora, Gurha Chandraji, Kemla, Nadoti, 126089 Shahar (6 nos.) Sapotra Amargarh, Inayati, Jeerota, Karanpur, Kurgaon, sapotra (6 171331 nos.) Todabhim Balghat, Kamalpura, Kariri, Mahamadpur, Nangal Sherpur, 214939 Padampura, Todabhim (7 nos.)

Figure 3.1; Karauli District map

2. Topography, Natural hazard and Drought

31. Topography The Karauli town is located between 26030‘ N and 26049‘ N Latitude and 76035‘ E and 77026‘ E longitudes. The average elevation of the town is approximately of 275 m above the mean sea level. Karauli subdivision is full of hills and streams while the rest of the district is mostly fertile plain with light sandy soil. The hilly and forested Karauli subdivision is known locally as Dang. It situated in the south eastern border of Rajasthan, East of Dausa and southwest of Sawai Madhopur district. It is bordered in the northeast by Dholpur and in the northwest by Bharatpur 32. Natural Hazards- Earthquake: Karauli town lies in low damage risk zone II. The area is less prone to earthquakes as it is located on relatively stable geological plains based on evaluation of the available earthquake zone information. Figure 3.2 depicts the earthquake zones of Rajasthan. Natural hazard zone of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district is shown in Figure 3.3. 33. Drought: Low rainfall coupled with erratic behavior of the monsoon in the State makes Rajasthan the most vulnerable to drought. Based upon the discussion with PHED officials the water table in the City continuously decreases by 1-2 meter on an annual basis combined with significant drawdown conditions.

Figure 3.2: Earthquake zones of Rajasthan

Figure 3.3: Natural Hazard zone within Sawai Madhopur and Karauli District (GSI Resource map)

3. Geology, geomorphology, mineral resources and soil

34. Karauli is essentially a hilly area surrounded on three sides on plans and one side by the Chambal River. The Mountain Arabali‘s eastern series consists of quartz, Mica, gneiss and Migmatites etc., whereas, the rock of Great Vindhyan series, mainly in Kaimul, Riwa and Bhander, consists largely of sand stone, lime stone and slate. The district is well endowed with both metallic and non-metallic minerals. Lead, copper and iron ore are the major minerals available there. Besides, the region also has ample reserves of spotted red sand stone and pink stone of Bhander series. Geology and mineral map of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district is depicted in Figure 3.4 and geomorphological map is shown in Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.4: Geology and mineral map of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district (GSI Resource map)

Figure 3.5: Geomorphology of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district (Source: GSI Resource map)

35. Soil characteristics: Soil of the region falls within rainfall zone of 500- 700 mm. The soil is generally alluvial in nature which prone to water logging. Also nature of recently alluvial calcareous has been observed.Table 3.2 shows nutrient level in the Karauli soil including area coverage of saline and sodic soil. The nutrient status of the Karauli soil is graded as low to medium level. Table 3.2: Fertility status – major nutrients and problematic soils of Karauli district Nutrient N P K Saline Soil(Ha) Sodic or Alkali(Ha) Status L M M 7002 7200 Source: Vital Agricultural Statistics 2004-05, Directorate of Agriculture, Rajasthan 2007.

4. Climate

36. The region has a generally arid climate. The average rain fall of the district is 68.92 cm. The district has only approximately of 35 rainy days on average in a year. The range of temperature is high with maximum reaching up to 490C and Minimum recorded as low as 20C. Dust storm and thunder storm occur all through the summer and are particularly active in pre- monsoon period. In summer mean humidity as 60%. The predominant wind direction is from west and south-west. 37. The rainfall over Karauli is scanty and is concentrated over four month i.e. from June to September. The rains are erratic and so is the distribution of the rainfall. However agriculture

15 and the animal wealth are dependent on rains to large extent. Seasonal Rainfall data for the recent year (2007) shown in Table 3.3. Figure 3.6 shows yearly variation (1997-2007) of rainfall at Karauli. Table 3.3: Rainfall at Karauli in recent years (2007) Months Rainfall (mm) 1 January 0.0 2 February 34.0 3 March 16.0 4 April 0.0 5 May 13.0 6 June 115.0 7 July 315.0 8 August 146.0 9 September 227.6 10 October 0.0 11 November 0.0 12 December 0.0 13 Monsoon Rainfall 803.6 14 Non monsoon rainfall 63.0 15 Annual Rainfall 866.6 Official Website Govt. of Rajasthan,2009.

Figure 3.6: Rainfall at Karauli during 1997 to 2007. Annual Rainfall, Karauli 1200.0

1000.0

800.0

600.0

400.0 Rainfall in mm in Rainfall

200.0

0.0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Year 15

(Source: Deputy Director Hydrology water resources ID and R, Jaipur)

5. Air Quality

38. There are no data on ambient air quality of Karauli town, which is not subject to monitoring by the Rajasthan Pollution Control Board (RPCB) as there are no major industries. The nearest station is located at Alwar (154 km from Karauli). Traffic is the only significant pollutant in Karauli, so levels of oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are likely to be well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The ambient air quality data is depicted in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality in Alwar (Annual Average, 2004- 2005 and 2006- 2007; units in µg/m3) Monitoring Station Land use SOx NOx RSPM SPM 2004- 2006- 2004- 2006- 2004- 2006- 2004- 2006- 05 07 05 07 05 07 05 07 Alwar Residential, Rural Residential 8.1 6.52 11.6 15.5 175.0 131.8 302.0 254.6 and others area NAAQ Standard Residential 80 80 80 80 100 100 200 200 Alwar Industrial area Industrial 7.6 5.9 12.4 14.4 107.0 96.0 182.0 181.8 NAAQ Standard Industrial 120 120 120 120 150 150 500 500 RSPM: Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter; SPM: Suspended Particulate Matter Source: Annual Report 2005-2006, 2006-2007 Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (2009)

6. Surface Water

39. There is no secondary data of river water quality available. But it is expected that water quality is only deteriorate during monsoon due to TSS load. Due to high temperature at summer most of the surface water source becomes dried. 7. Geohydrology and Groundwater

40. Geohydrological map of the Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district is shown in Figure 3.7. For broadly grouping geological formations from ground water occurrence and movement considerations, the various lithological units have been classified into major two groups on the basis of their degree of consolidation and related parameters. These are, Porous Formations- Quaternary unconsolidated formations

Fissured formations – consolidated sedimentary rocks.

41. On an average 60-70 50% of the district area (mostly south and eastern part of the district) covered with consolidated fissured formation with some patches of hilly area. 42. There are number of National Hydrographic monitoring stations of Central Ground Water Board in and around Karauli. Fluctuation of ground water level is shown in Table 3.5. In most of the cases ground water table ranged between 10-20 m bgl.

Figure 3.7: Geohydrological map of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district (Source: GSI Resource map)

Table 3.5: Number and Percentage of National Hydrograph Network Stations (Karauli) with water fluctuation range

Perio No of wells Range 0-2 m 2-5 m 5-10m 10-20m 20-60m >60 m d analysed Mi Max N % N % N % N % N % N % n o o o o o o Jan- 17 1.9 32.6 1 5.88 1 5.88 3 17.6 1 58.8 2 11.7 0 0 06 2 8 5 0 2 6 Nov- 18 2.2 32.8 0 0 2 11.1 5 27.7 9 50.0 2 11.1 0 0 05 3 8 1 8 1 Aug- 19 1.7 32.0 2 10.5 1 5.26 5 26.3 9 47.3 2 10.5 0 0

05 4 5 3 2 7 3 17

May- 16 3.0 35.0 0 0 2 12.5 1 6.25 1 62.5 3 18.7 0 0 05 8 3 0 5 Source: Ground water year book 2005-06 Rajasthan, Central Ground Water Board, Jaipur (2007)

43. The Central Ground Water Board carried out chemical testing of tube well water seasonally. The average concentrations of major constituents are shown in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Ground Water Quality in and around Karauli Parameters Maximum Minimum Standard of Drinking water (IS: 10500: 1991) Level Level Desirable limit Maximum Permissible (mg/l) limit (mg/l) pH 8.8 6.9 EC(micro mhos /cm at 10600 530 25°C Cl (mg/l) 2734 21 250 1000 SO4(mg/l) 1824 10 200 400 (if Mg does not exceeds 30 ppm) NO3(mg/l) 575 3 - 100 PO4(mg/l) 1.8 0.11 Total Hardness(mg/l) 2100 200 300 600 Ca(mg/l) 668 20 75 200 Mg(mg/l) 117 17 30 100 Na(mg/l) 1794 20 - - K(mg/l) 185 1 - - F(mg/l) 10 0.15 1.0 1.5 Fe(mg/l) 7.5 0.05 0.3 1.0 SiO2(mg/l) 42 4 TDS (mg/l) 6890 345 500 2000 Note: Total – 13 nos. samples Source: Ground water year book Rajasthan, Central Ground Water Board, Jaipur (2009)

44. Water quality (tested by PHED) from existing tube wells, especially around the city centre, has deteriorated significantly with a total dissolved solids having increased from 850 ppm to 2,535 ppm thereby rendering water unsuitable for human consumption. The results also indicate higher concentration of nitrate (10 percent samples) and iron (30 percent samples) than recommended levels prescribed by the Indian standards on drinking water. It is therefore recommended that as far as possible existing tube wells should be abandoned. 45. Supply water quality as measured by Public Health Deptt. is shown below. It is noted that ground water contains high level of TDS and nitrate levels. Table 3.7: Present supply water quality at Karauli - - - - Total Type of Ground Surface No. No. F F Max TDS TDS NO3 NO3 supply per Sources of of Min Min Max Min Max day Surface / CWR SR (lac liter ) Ground 39.5 Ground 100 0 4 4 0.5 1.4 851 2535 36 600

B. Ecological Resources

46. Flora : The principal specie found here is Dhok (Anogeis pendula) .Some other species sparsely scattered are Raunj (Acacia leucophloea), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Acacia Cataechu Scrub. These scrubs exclusively occur in Deoli blocks of Uniara range in Tonk district. Small patches also occur in Rawanjna Doongar main and sawai Madhopur ‗B‘ blocks. The growing stock chiefly consists of stunted and crooked Khair (Accacia catechu), Raunj (Acacia lencophloea) and Krail (Capparies deciduas).The undergrowth is scanty and consists of Ber- Jhari (Zizyphus nummularia) and Papadhani (Fluggea viscosa). 47. Fauna: Karauli district is rich in wild life. It has a large variety of animals, birds and fish. In addition, leopard or panther and wild dog (Dhole) are found in this area. Sloth bears are less uncommon here than in many other parts of India where they were once well known. The Chital

19 in large numbers and Chinkara in small parties are the other main animals of the Reserve. Wild pigs are plentiful, though in small size. The avifauna of the Reserve is rich and varied .The lakes attract many water birds and water side birds. Among the forest birds are the peafowl, doves, parakeets, owls and other birds of prey. Other birds seen here are egrets, pond herons, grey and purple herons. 48. There is no forest area nearby the sub-project site. No endangered flora and fauna is reported from the site. .C Economic Development

49. Karauli is located at 110 km distant from the divisional headquarter at Bharatpur. Although the town is well connected with Jaipur, Agra, Bharatpur, Alwar, Dholpur by State Highway no. 22 and National state highway no. 11B. Main transport of the town is through road by buses and nearest Railway station located at Hindaun and Gangapur city, which are on the Delhi-Mumbai main track and 30 to 40 km from the town. 50. Karauli, being the district headquarters for Karauli District, performs all administrative and revenue functions required of a district center. Traditionally, Karauli is a commercial town and the main occupation of the people is agriculture and commercial. However some developments can be seen now a day in the town in form of industries and commercial activities. Karauli is also a cultural town depicting original Rajasthan Heritage. 51. According to the Census of 2001 the work force participation ratio in Karauli is 23.38 percent, which is marginally lower when compared with cities such as Kota (27.6%), Jaipur (27.0%), Udaipur (28.0) and the state of Rajasthan (26.6%). Table 3.8 shows the details of work force participation of Karauli Table 3.8: Socio-Economy Characteristics of Karauli Town Sector 1991 2001 No. of % to total % to total No. of % to total % to total Worker Worker Population Worker Worker Population Primary 2,058 16.18 4.20 676 4.36 1.02 Secondary 3,004 23.61 6.13 894 5.77 1.35 Tertiary 7,660 60.21 15.63 13,917 89.87 21.01 Total 12,722 100 25.96 15,487 100 23.38 Source: Census of India 2001.

52. During the last century, Karauli remained industrially backward. It mainly depended on agriculture and few cottage industries. Quarrying of building stone was the only activity which provided employment to the comparatively large section of the population. Table 3.9A: Occupation Structure in Karauli UA S.No. Category of Business Working Population as per 19 1991 census Nos. % 1. Agriculture 3843 27.3 2. Industries 2384 16.9 3. Construction 769 5.4 4. Business & Trading 2389 16.9 5. Transport 762 5.4 6. Others 3967 28.1 Total 14114 100.00 Source: Municipal Board, Karauli.

Table 3.9B: Occupation Structure in Karauli District S.No. Category Occupation wise classification of population Nos. % 1 Main Workers 355450 29.4 2 Marginal Workers 127660 10.5 3 Non-workers 726555 60.1 Total Population 1209665 100 Source: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan 2009.

53. As is evident from Table 3.9A, the major occupation of people in Karauli is agriculture & other allied works and trade business and industry. Majority of the population is engaged in agriculture, industries and trading. The profile of the working class is depicted above. From the table above, it is clear that the working population is engaged primarily in agriculture, industries and business. 54. Power status of the area: There is no power generating unit at Karauli. The consumption of electricity by different sectors is shown in Table below. Table 3.10: Consumption of Electricity in Million Kwh (2003-04 and 2004-05) District Domestic Non- Domestic Industrial Public Public Water (Commercial) Small Medium Large Lighting Works Karauli 15.182 6.547 4.51 1.992 - 0.188 8.384 (2003- 04) Karauli 17.735 7.411 5.307 2.876 - 0.229 9.840 (2004- 05) (Source: District statistics book, Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan 2009).

1. Land use

The area of Karauli Municipality Board is 58,808 Acre. Out of this total area, 17,642 acres is developed and rest of the land is full of hills and ravines. Residential use of land is 30% of developed land. The major portion of municipal land is full of hills and ravine resulting in heterogonous nature of settlements. 36.12 percent of municipal land is wasteland and used for animal grazing. Proportion of commercial land is of 4.5 percent whereas recreation land is 21.8 percent. The detail break up of land use pattern Karauli developed area is given in Table 3.11 and Figure 3.8. Land use of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli district is shown in Figure 3.9.

Table 3.11.: Karauli UA Land use pattern Sl. No. Land use Area in acres Percentage 1 Residential 5292.6 30.00 2 Commercial 793.9 4.50 3 Industrial 396.94 2.25 4 Recreation 3848 21.80 5 Institutional 132.31 0.75 6 Public/Semi Public 2852 16.20 7 Circulation/Transport 4322.3 24.50 Total Developed Land 17642 100.00 Source: Municipal Board, Karauli.

Figure 3.8: Existing Land-use and % of Developed Area

Land Use Karauli

25% Residential 29% Commercial Industrial Recreation Institutional 16% 5% Public/Semi Public 2% Circulation/Transport 1% 22%

Figure 3.9: Current land use of Sawai Madhopur and Karauli District (GSI Resource map)

2. Commerce, Industry and Agriculture

55. Karauli is an important center for trade and commerce in the District. Art works occupies an important place in the city economy and basically the craft includes stone carving. The trade and commerce activities can be broadly classified into two categories namely the organized and unorganized markets. Other than the organized sector, there are a number of unorganized markets in the town. There has been a rapid growth in the commercial sector during the recent past. Hotel and transportation based units have shown appreciable growth. In addition, food & grocery items and clothes are the other organized commercial sectors showing an increase. Auto spare parts and repair centers are predominant along SH-22 and National state highway 11B. Several of the commercial activities such as wholesale markets are located close to the walled city. These activities are not related to tourism but attract a number of vehicles for transportation of goods/materials thereby adding to the congestion and traffic problems. Other than the organized sector, there are large numbers of unorganized vendors seen in the town. Accordingly the field visit and discussion with he various stakeholders, certain degree of concentration has been observed in the location of these unorganized markets and this may pave way for planned construction of market complexes, Kiosks in the developed parts of the town within the framework of the Development plan. Rajasthan‘s strong economic performance during the 80‘s and the early 90‘s reflected well in Karauli.

56. In and around the Karauli city area there are about 80% of lands used for agricultural purpose. Crop production statistics as depicted in Table 3.12 indicates that total crop production during Rabi and Kharif season is more or less same. Table 3.12: Crop production in around Karauli

Type of Crops Under Rabi Crops 2006-07 Under Kharif Crops 2007-08 (Prod in Tonnes) (Prod in Tonnes) Cereals 164728 225702 Pulses 5697 677 Food Grains 170425 226379 Oilseeds 112940 11069 Others 233 3136 Total 283598 240584 (Source: Statistical Abstract, Rajasthan, 2009) (Web site:http://www.rajasthankrishi.gov.in/Departments/Agriculture/main) 3. Infrastructure

57. Water supply: Water supply to Karauli is from only groundwater sources1 comprising 32 nos. of tube well. Groundwater is tapped through the tube wells. From tube well 5.2 MLD water extract and supplied to the town. The present supply and distribution network comprising of transmission main of 9.4 km., trunk main of 4.7 km., feeder main of 11.80 km. and distribution mains of 19.0 km. including lateral with the diameter of pipelines ranging from 50 to 300 mm. There are 4 nos. of elevated reservoir of total capacity of 2.30 ML. 58. Sewerage System: There is no underground sewage system in Karauli City at present. Only few households have covered with individual septic tank. The disposal of waste and effluent of septic tank is through the open drains. Presently the open drains, which have been constructed by Municipal Board, convey the sewage which is leading to unhygienic and unsanitary conditions. As reported by the Karauli MB, there is 5,250 nos. individual Disposal system with septic tank covering 33015 population & 1,325 nos. of low cost sanitation covering 8,000 population. Besides individual disposal system, 25,200 populations directly dispose the sewage to the open drains. 59. Sanitation: Only 50% of the households reportedly have septic tanks and soak well as the system of sewerage disposal. The remaining accounted for cases of open defecation which is an unacceptable and unhygienic practice. The raw settled sewage from septic tank is periodically flushed out by sanitary workers of the Municipal Board and discharge to open spaces, agricultural lands in an indiscriminate manner. Slum areas were also not equipped with requisite sanitation (LCS etc.) resulting in open defecation.

60. Drainage: Presently the roads in Karauli city are equipped with kachha open drains, but most of the drains are silted resulting in overflow and resulting flooding in monsoon. As reported by KMB, the total length of drains is approximately 150 Km. Out of which 125 km is kachha and 25 km of Pucca but open. An efficient network of storm water drains and outfall system is required to drain out storm water runoff.

1 Groundwater is tapped for both drinking water supply and irrigation purposes by means of dug wells, tube- wells and dug-cum-bore (DCB) wells. As extraction of groundwater is still unregulated in the State, there is no record of groundwater distribution for private drinking water supply and irrigation. The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Western Region, indicates that agricultural water use of ground water accounts for more than 80 percent of the total water use in Karauli.

61. Industrial Effluents. Small industries exists in under RIICO, which is out side the city area and small amount of effluent disposed scattered in local nallahs. As reported by the local MB, the responsibility of effluent disposal is under RIICO‘s own and could not be connected to the proposed sewer network. The individual industry should treat their effluent to bring it to the required standard before final disposal. 62. Solid Waste: Karauli generates 35.73 tons (approximately) of solid waste daily in 2009 and Waste collected per day is only 11 tons (approximately). Major source of generation of waste in Karauli town is expedited in the Table 3.13 where it is clearly shown that the waste generation by Residential/Domestic is predominant. In addition to household (domestic) solid waste, the main waste generation sources in the town are vegetable and fruit markets, commercial including hotels and eateries, construction activities, institutional and other tourism related activities

Table 3.13: Waste generation of town S.No. Land Use Waste Generation (Kg/Day) 1 Residential 32200 2 Commercial 730 3 Vegetable and fruit market 500 4 Slaughter House wastes 50 5 Hotels and Restaurants 400 6 Industrial (Bid Factory) 450 7 Institutional 1400 Total 35730 Note: The population of Karauli in 2009 was around 79,393 and waste generation was 35,730 kg/day. Thus per capita waste generation in 2009 was 450gms/capita/day.

63. The street sweeper sweep roads and dumped the waste at different points. The Karauli MB carries out the waste from the open collection point to dust bin by wheel borrows and the dustbin lifted to the dumper placer and transported to the existing Land fill site. Some time tractor directly carried out the waste from town to disposal point, the open dumping area along the Masalpur road and Mandrayal road. 4. Transportation

64. Karauli comprises a road network of 95 km, consisting of 35 km concrete roads, 15 km bituminous roads, and 25 km of earthen road control and maintained by Municipality and 20 km of BT road under PWD control which is mainly the part of SH-22 (Hindaun-Mandrayal road) and National state highway no. NH-11B (Masalpur-Gangapur road). Table 3.14 provides a breakdown of road surface composition in Karauli. Physical growth of the city has resulted in a corresponding increase in vehicular traffic greater than that of the city‘s population growth due to improving economic status of the city. Table 3.14: Road Surface Composition Surface Type PWD (km) MC (km) Total (km) Dist. Concrete - 35 35 36.84% Bituminous 20 15 35 36.84% WBM - - - Earthen Road 25 25 26.32% Total 20 75 75 100% Source: Karauli MC.

65. The Transport corridors and their proximity to existing services are the guiding factors influencing the spatial growth of the town. Current growth trends indicate that the town is growing rapidly along the NH-11B towards Gangapur city in the western direction. Similar

25 growth trend are also observed towards Bari Mandrayal The scope for extension towards Mandryal along SH-22 and other direction growth is limited due to Bhadrabati Ravine. 66. Existing Road network of Karauli: (i) The road network within town is maintained by Karauli MB and the PWD (ii) PWD maintain approximately a total length of 20.0 Km comprising of SH-22, Hindaun to Mandrayal road and NH-11B, Masalpur to Gangapur city road, (iii) Karauli MB maintaining 75 Km of road including Kachha road also (iv) In case of availability of public surface transport system, regular buses ply between Dholpur, Gwalior, Gangapur city, Bharatpur, Hindaun and other major cities like Alwar, Jaipur etc. The Private and Government Bus stand are located separately in the town. Approximately 150 nos of buses ply in every day and 7500 nos. of passenger moves in every day.

D. Social and Cultural Resources

1. Demography

67. According to Census 2001, the population of Karauli Urban Agglomeration is 66,239 and spreads over Karauli Municipal area in 35 nos. of wards. However 17 wards inside the walled city together constitute as much as 70 percent of total population of the town. The total spread of the Urban Agglomeration is approximately 33.00 sq. km. The UA supports an average density of 2007 persons per sq. km. While the UA witnessed a high growth between 1981 and 2001 on account of induced agricultural, commercial and industrial development. Table 3.15 indicates the demographic characteristics for the UA. Table 3.15: Population Growth in Karauli town Year Population Growth Rate Area Density Karauli Town (%) Sq. Km Persons / sq. km 1901 23482 - 1911 19803 (-) 15.67 - 1921 19579 (-) 1.13 - 1931 19671 (-) 0.47 - 1941 19177 (-) 2.51 - 1951 19148 (-) 0.15 - 1961 23696 (+) 23.75 - 1971 27793 (+) 17.29 - 1981 37954 (+) 36.56 - 1991 49008 (+) 29.13 33.00 1485 2001 66239 (+) 35.16 33.00 2007 Source: Census of India, 2001. 25

2. Health and educational facilities

68. Initially Karauli district was within the Sawai Madhopur district, but later on, Karauli was separated as a distinct district. Being a district headquarters, it is expected that the requisite number of educational and health facilities are available within the city area for the population as per norms. 3. History, culture and tourism

69. Karauli is a popular destination for domestic as well as foreign tourist. Some famous temple like Madan Mahan Temple, Ma Sahib Temple, Sri Kaila Devi Temple, Kaila Devi

Sanctuary and Sri Karanpur Mata Temple. Timagarh fort, Mandarayal fort, Sahi Kund, Raj Palace, Sukh Vilas and Rangawa Talav are other points of attraction for tourist inflow. The nos. of tourist inflow increase geometrically during festival like Amawasya, Janmastmi, Holi and Diwali. However numbers of tourist inflow is still to be counted

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: LOCATION AND DESIGN 70. ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines require that an IEE should evaluate impacts due to the location, design, construction and operation of the project. Construction and operation are the two activities in which the project interacts physically with the environment, so they are the two activities during which the environmental impacts occur. In assessing the effects of these processes therefore, all potential impacts of the project are identified, and mitigation is devised for any negative impacts. This has been done in Sections V and VI below and no other impacts are expected.

71. In many environmental assessments there are certain effects that, although they will occur during either the construction or operation stage, should be considered as impacts primarily of the location or design of the project, as they would not occur if an alternative location or design was chosen. For example, if leachate from an unsealed landfill drains into an exploited aquifer and pollutes water sources this would be an impact of both location and design as it would not have occurred with a sealed landfill located in an area with no groundwater resources.

72. In design phase proper collection mechanism of green house gases are to be considered for minimizing global warming and climate change. Moreover plantation in and around the SLF site will control (through absorption) green house gases like CO2 generated from waste dump.

73. In the case of this subproject it is not considered that there are any impacts that can clearly be said to result from the design or location. This is because:

(i) Most elements of the subproject are relatively small in scale and involve straightforward construction and operation, so it is unlikely that there will be major impacts; (ii) Most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process involves excavation and other ground disturbance. However the routine nature of the impacts means that most can be easily mitigated.

V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

A. Screening out areas of no significant impact

74. From the descriptions given in Section III.C it is clear that implementation of the project should not have major environmental impacts because most of the construction work is relatively small scale and straightforward, and work in the town will affect a series of very small sites only.

75. Because of this there are several aspects of the environment that are not expected to be affected by the construction process and these can be screened out of the assessment at this stage as required by ADB procedure. These are shown in Table 5.1, with an explanation of the reasoning in each case.

Table 5.1: Fields in which construction is not expected to have significant impacts Field Rationale Climate Short-term production of dust is the only effect on atmosphere Geology and seismology Excavation will not be large enough to affect these features Fisheries & aquatic biology No rivers or lakes will be affected by the construction work Wildlife and rare or endangered There is no wildlife or rare or endangered species in and around the proposed species landfill site Coastal resources Karauli is not located in a coastal area

76. These environmental factors have thus been screened out and will not be mentioned further in assessing the impacts of the construction process.

77. Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment checklist along with mitigation measures is given in Annexure V-A.

B. Landfill and Internal Road

1. Construction method

78. Construction of the landfill will begin with excavation to reduce the floor of the site to 9 m below the present ground level. This will be done by backhoe diggers and bulldozers, and waste soil and present dumped waste will be loaded onto trucks and taken off site for disposal. Once the floor is level and the sloping sides have been formed, a clay layer will be created, by watering and compacting the existing soil if it is of the required composition, or by importing a clay and Bentonite mixture, which will be applied from trucks and smoothed and finished by hand. This will be covered with a HDPE geo linear, and perforated plastic pipes will be laid on the surface to collect leachate, which will drain into small shallow evaporation ponds dug in an adjacent part of the site. Finally a 20 cm depth of gravel will be added above the geo-textile HDPE linear to allow leachate to drain into the pipes. Initially construction of 1 sanitary land fill trench of size 42x29 meter in plan 9 meter deep from road level is considered. It is estimated that 1 sanitary landfill trenches will be sufficient for 1 year of disposal. Construction of 3m x 3m x 5m deep (internal size) leachate collection sump will also be taken up initially.

79. Construction of boundary wall in Stone masonry in approx 500 meter length as per the

standard sound engineering practice with cement plaster/pointing on exposed faces but 27

excluding fabricating & fixing of main gate as per drawing.

80. Construction of internal Bituminous Road in approx. 200 meter length and 3.5 meter wide to this site with 1 meter wide hard shoulder on either side of these roads as per the sound engineering practice & MORTH specifications.

2. Physical Resources

81. Although the impacts of constructing the landfill will be confined to a single site, because of its size and the invasive nature of the excavation work, physical impacts could be significant, so mitigation measures will be needed.

82. Due to excavation of 1 trench with the dimension 42m x 29m x 9m, around 10,962 m3 of waste soil, dumped waste and rock will be generated, all of which will need to be removed and disposed of. There will therefore be quite large physical changes at the site, and this quantity of waste could not be dumped without causing further impacts on air quality (dust), topography, soil quality, etc at the disposal site. The work will almost certainly be conducted in the dry season, so there is also a lot of potential for the creation of dust, and this will need to be controlled regardless of the remote location, to avoid effects on site workers and adjacent roads and farmland.

83. Action should therefore be taken to reduce physical impacts at both the construction and disposal sites, by reducing the amount of material to be dumped and controlling dust. The Contractor should therefore:

(i) Contact the town authorities to arrange for the use of this material where possible in construction projects, to raise the level of land prior to construction of roads or buildings, or to fill previously excavated areas, such as brickworks; (ii) Reduce dust by removing waste material by truck as soon as it is excavated; (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover soil and other loose material during transportation; (iv) Stockpile suitable topsoil and subsoil for use in the daily covering of refuse once the landfill is operating, in which case stockpiles will need to be sprayed with water when necessary to avoid the production of dust during dry windy conditions.

84. Another physical impact associated with large-scale excavation is the effect on drainage and the local water table if groundwater and/or surface water collects in the voids. Given the difficulties of working in wet conditions the Contractor will almost certainly conduct all excavation in the dry season, so this should avoid any impacts on surface water drainage. However subsurface water could still collect in the excavated area. If this is enough to require removal by pumping it should be donated to neighbouring farmers to provide a beneficial use to the communities most affected by this aspect of the work, and improve public perceptions of the project. Development of proper drainage system and remodelling of the drain, proposed under other sub-projects of Karauli, will likely mitigate the flood risk of the landfill site.

85. Constructing the internals road should also not be greatly significant in physical terms as it will be built on the existing ground surface on unused government land. The work will require minor ground clearing and levelling and will not involve excavation or infill, so physical changes should be minor. The work involves concreting, so it will be conducted in the dry season, when there should be no problems from the runoff of water containing silt, sand or cement. If dust is generated from exposed soil during windy weather this should be controlled by lightly spraying with water when necessary.

3. Ecological Resources 86. There are no protected areas in the proximity of the sub-project location, and no special ecological interest at the landfill site (which is covered by secondary scrub vegetation), so construction should have no ecological impacts. There are small numbers of trees on the large plot of government land on which the landfill will be located, and given global concerns regarding the loss of trees worldwide, mature specimens should not be removed unnecessarily. The Contractor should therefore be required to plant three native trees for every one that is removed, and the route of the access road should be planned to avoid the removal of trees as far as possible.

4. Economic Development

87. The landfill and road will be located entirely on government owned land so there should be no need to acquire land from private owners, which might affect the income and assets of owners and tenants. The land is also not used for any purpose and there are no industries, housing, shops or infrastructure in the vicinity, so construction should not affect income- generating activities.

88. One aspect of the work that may have economic implications is the transportation of waste soil and stone to locations where it can be put to beneficial use as recommended above. This will require a large number of lorry movements, which could disrupt traffic on the main Road and particularly in Karauli if such vehicles were to enter the town. The transportation of waste will be implemented by the Construction Contractor in liaison with the town authorities, and the following additional precautions should be adopted to avoid effects on traffic:

(i) Planning transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not enter Karauli town and do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; (ii) Scheduling transportation activities to avoid peak traffic periods.

5. Social and Cultural Resources

89. Although the landfill will be built on land that is uninhabited, there is a risk that the work could damage social and cultural resources, so careful mitigation and strict adherence by the EA and Contractor will be necessary.

90. Rajasthan is an area with a rich and varied cultural heritage that includes many forts and palaces from the Rajput and Mughal periods, and large numbers of temples and other religious sites, so there is a risk that any work involving ground disturbance could uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. Given that the proposed landfill site is uninhabited and shows no sign of having been used to any extent in the past, then it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless this should be ascertained by consulting the appropriate authorities, and steps should be taken according to the nature of the risk. This should involve:

(i) Consulting historical and archaeological authorities at both national and state level to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site; (ii) Selecting an alternative location if the site is considered to be of medium or high risk;

(iii) Including state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities and 29

interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available to the project; (iv) Developing a protocol for use by the Contractor in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. This should involve: (a) Having excavation observed by a person with archaeological field training; (b) Stopping work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; (c) Calling in the state archaeological authority if a find is suspected, and taking any action they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ.

91. There are no modern-day social and cultural resources (such as schools and hospitals) near the landfill or access road, and no areas that are used for religious or other purposes, so there is no risk of other impacts on such community assets.

92. There are safety risks associated with any construction work, even in a remote location, and the Contractor will be required to produce and implement a site Health and Safety Plan, to protect the safety of both workers and the general public. This should include such measures as:

(i) Excluding the public from each site (including storage bin sites); (ii) Ensuring that all workers are provided with and use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment; (iii) Health and Safety Training for all site personnel; (iv) Documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; (v) Accident reports and records; (vi) Etc.

93. Finally, there could be some short-term socio-economic benefits from the construction work if local people are able to gain employment in the construction workforce. To direct these benefits to the communities directly affected by the work, the Contractor should be required to employ at least 50% of the landfill labour force from communities within a radius of say 2 km from the site, if sufficient people are available. This will have the added benefit of avoiding social problems that sometimes occur when workers are imported into host communities, and avoiding environmental and social problems from workers housed in poorly serviced camp accommodation.

C. Storage Bins

1. Construction method

94. Waste storage bins will be provided at different locations in the town, from where waste will be collected daily by the municipality. The sites will be on open ground adjacent to roads, and at each a small concrete plinth (approximately 3 x 2 m and 0.25 m above ground level) will be built. This will require the excavation of soil down to around 0.25 m by backhoe, after which the sides above- and below- ground will be encased in wooden shuttering. Concrete will be inserted and allowed to dry, after which the shuttering will be removed. The closable metal storage bins will be manufactured locally and brought to each site on trucks and placed on the plinths by means of a small crane.

2. Physical Resources

95. These facilities will involve simple construction at relatively small sites, and as a result there should not be major environmental impacts.

96. Excavation of foundations for the storage bin plinths will produce around 1.5 m3 of waste at each site (<150 m3 in total), which the Contractor will probably spread across any adjoining waste ground. The work will affect the surface of each area only and will be conducted in the dry, so there is no risk of surface or groundwater collecting in dug areas. There should also be no need for precautions against dust as the excavation in the town will be very small.

3. Ecological Resources

97. There are no significant ecological resources in or around the town, so this work should also have no impacts on ecology. The sites for the storage bins should however be selected to avoid the need to remove any trees.

4. Economic Development

98. These facilities will all be located on government land, so there will be no need to acquire land, and thus there should be no impacts on the assets or income of landowners or tenants. The storage bin sites are so small that construction should not impede the access of customers to nearby shops.

99. Excavation could however damage existing infrastructure located alongside roads, in particular water supply pipes and sewer lines, either existing systems or new infrastructure installed by RUSDIP or other programmes. It will be particularly important to avoid damaging existing water pipes as these are mainly manufactured from Asbestos Cement (AC), which can be carcinogenic if inhaled, so there are serious health risks for both workers and the public (see below). It will be important therefore to avoid these impacts by:

(i) Obtaining details from the Municipal Council of the nature and location of all infrastructure, and selecting waste bin sites to avoid any conflict or damage; (ii) Integrating the construction of the various Karauli subprojects so that: (a) Different infrastructure is located on opposite sides of the road wherever feasible; (b) Roads and inhabitants are not subject to repeated disturbance by excavation in the same area for different purposes.

100. Precautions will also be needed to avoid impeding traffic, particularly where storage bins are to be located in the centre of the town where roads are narrow and easily congested. This will require the Contractor to:

(i) Place all excavated soil off the road wherever possible; and (ii) Where this cannot be achieved, conduct the work during periods of low traffic volume (for example on a Sunday).

5. Social and Cultural Resources

101. As was the case for the landfill and access road, there is a risk that the excavation work 31 related to these facilities could damage undiscovered historical remains. The risks could be more significant in this case because such artefacts are more likely in areas that have been inhabited for a long period as Karauli town has, although this could be counterbalanced by the fact that in this case the excavation will be of superficial layers only. Regardless of this the preventative measures described in Section V.B.5 will need to be employed. These are:

(i) Consulting national and state historical and archaeological authorities to assess the archaeological potential of all construction sites; (ii) Selecting alternative sites to avoid any areas of medium or high risk; (iii) Including state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities and interest groups as project stakeholders to benefit from their expertise;

(iv) Developing a protocol for use in conducting all trenching, to recognise, protect and conserve any chance finds (see Section V.B.5 for details).

102. Construction of these facilities should not be large enough to significantly disturb any nearby modern-day social and cultural resources, such as schools, hospitals, temples, etc. However it would not be desirable to have operating waste handling facilities in the vicinity of these resources, so such locations should be avoided during the detailed design stage.

103. The storage bins will be located in both residential and commercial areas, and although people should not be significantly disturbed by the construction, they should nevertheless be informed about the work and the operation of the facilities in advance so that they will utilise them when available. This should involve:

(i) Consultation with the local community to inform them of the nature, duration and minimal impacts of the construction work; (ii) A public education campaign to inform residents of the new waste management system and their role in its successful implementation.

104. Safety risks are probably greater at these sites than at the much larger landfills, because they are located in the towns, where there will be large numbers of people, vehicles and activities. The Contractor will thus be required to produce and implement the Health and Safety Plan outlined in Section V.B.5.

105. An additional, particularly acute health risk derives from the fact that, as mentioned above, the existing water supply system comprises mainly AC pipes, so there is a risk of contact with carcinogenic material if these pipes are uncovered in the course of the work. Precautions have already been introduced into the design of the project to avoid this, of which the most important is that:

(i) The locations of all new infrastructure will be planned to avoid locations of existing AC pipes so AC pipes should not be discovered accidentally.

106. Given the dangerous nature of this material for both workers and the public, additional precautions should be taken to protect the health of all parties in the event (however unlikely) that AC pipes are encountered. The design consultant should therefore develop a protocol to be applied in any instance that AC pipes are found, to ensure that appropriate action is taken. This should be based on the approach recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)2, and amongst other things, should involve:

(i) Training of all personnel (including manual labourers) to enable them to understand the dangers of AC pipes and to be able to recognise them in situ; (ii) Reporting procedures to inform management immediately if AC pipes are encountered; (iii) Development and application of a detailed H&S procedure to protect both workers and citizens. This should comply with national and international standards for dealing with asbestos, and should include: (a) Removal of all persons to a safe distance;

2 In the USA, standards and approaches for handling asbestos are prescribed by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and can be found at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos

(b) Usage of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective equipment by persons delegated to deal with the AC material; (c) Procedures for the safe removal and long-term disposal of all asbestos- containing material encountered.

107. Finally, there could again be some short-term socio-economic benefits from the construction work if local people gain employment in the workforce. To ensure that these benefits are directed to communities that are affected by the work, as suggested in Section V.B.5, the Contractor should be required to employ at least 50% of his labour force from communities in the vicinity of construction sites.

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

A. Screening out areas of no significant impact

108. Because the waste storage sites in the town are relatively small and self-contained, and the landfall is located outside the town in an uninhabited and unused area, providing the waste management system is managed effectively, it should operate without major environmental impacts (see below). As a result there are several environmental sectors that should be unaffected once the system begins to function. These are identified in Table 6.1 below, with an explanation of the reasoning in each case. These factors are thus screened out of the impact assessment and will not be mentioned further.

Table 6.1: Fields in which operation and maintenance of the completed solid waste management system is not expected to have significant impacts Field Rationale Climate Odour from decaying waste is the only impact on air quality Fisheries & aquatic biology No as such impacts on aquatic flora and fauna. Wildlife, forests, rare species, There are none of these features in or outside the town protected areas Coastal resources Karauli is not located in a coastal area Infrastructure, health and Locations of waste management facilities (bins, and landfill) has to be selected education facilities, physical or in detailed design stage to avoid municipal infrastructure and sites and facilities cultural heritage, historical or of social or cultural importance archaeological resources

B. Operation and maintenance of the improved waste management system

109. Health department of local body ―Karauli Municipal Board‖ (KMB) will be responsible for management and implementation of the waste management system, and will distribute bins to 33 households in the town (two per household) for temporary waste storage. This will be supported by a public education campaign, through which citizens will be requested to segregate their biodegradable and general domestic waste into separate bins, and will be informed about the waste collection and management system.

110. KMB will introduce door-to-door primary waste collection throughout the city by its own staff or through private sector participation (PSP) by a local contractor or NGO. Three-wheeled auto trolleys (in 30% of the town) and hand-operated pushcarts (remaining 70%) will collect waste from each household on a regular cycle every day or every two or three days, and the segregated waste will be deposited into separate storage bins in the locality. Waste will also be removed from bins in slums and from litter bins in the streets, and debris from street sweeping

34 and drain de-silting will also be deposited into the municipal storage bins. These will be removed daily by purpose-made vehicles, and two empty bins will be replaced at each site.

111. Full containers will be transported to the landfill and deposit the waste in the landfill area.

112. Waste for landfilling will be moved into position in the currently-used cell by bulldozer and backhoe, and reduced in volume by a compactor vehicle. All waste will be covered by soil at the end of each day, and by a thicker layer of topsoil at the end of each year, when one cell will be closed and another will begin.

C. Greenhouse gas emission and control

113. The project authority and users will promote the reduction of project-related anthropogenic and natural green house gas emission. MSW landfill is an anthropogenic source of Green House Gases (GHGs), primarily carbon di oxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These gases are well-established contributors to the phenomena called Global Warming. In order to mitigate Global Warming, the Kyoto Protocol sets binding target on the reduction of GHG emission, thus lessening the potential of global climate change.

114. In order to achieve the GHG emission reduction, the Kyoto Protocol has established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM projects facilitates the adoption of technical measures to reduces the GHG emission and the amount of reduction achieved in the process could be transferred to anyone as ‗credit‘ whose quota of GHG emission is exhausted. The amount of GHG reduction is realized as ‗Certified Emission Reduction (CER)‘ and the trade-off of the CER is accomplished against monetary benefit, called the ‗transaction cost‘.

115. The MSW landfill can also be brought under the preview of CDM project if the emission of GHG, generated from the landfill, into the atmosphere can be prevented. The investment incurred to the technological installation for GHG emission mitigation can be recovered by the transaction cost gained by trading-off the CER.

116. The loan agency provides parallel financial assistance in any ongoing project where CDM instruments can be applied. Hence, the financial assistance of the loan agency can be availed to introduce the CDM project into the proposed EFL project.

117. The actions to be taken for such purpose are as follows:

(i) Assessment of GHG emission from the proposed ELF site. (ii) Installation of the landfill gas collection system for arresting GHGs emitted from the landfill. (iii) Utilization of ‗as generated‘ carbon di oxide gas and carbon di oxide obtained by burning methane, by bottling it for the use in dry ice manufacturer units. (iv) Documentation for applying the CDM project in the proposed ELF.

118. Annexure VI-A depicts note of EPA regarding landfill Green house gas emission, measurement and control.

D. Environmental impacts and benefits of the operating system

1. Physical Resources

119. Clearly it is imperative that KMB maintains the individual facilities and the waste management system as a whole in proper working order, because if the system begins to fall into disrepair then waste will rapidly accumulate in streets and on open ground and there will be consequent impacts on many elements of the environment. Capacity building, public education campaigns and other support provided by this sub-project and future tranches of investment will be aimed at ensuring the continuation of the operating system.

120. If waste is collected regularly from houses, litter bins and elsewhere and the storage bins are emptied daily as intended, there should be no direct impacts on the physical environment. Even air quality should not deteriorate from increased odour in the vicinity of the bins, providing they are emptied and replaced each day. As an additional safeguard, contractors should be required to hose out each bin once it is emptied at the disposal station to ensure that residual waste is not left in replaced bins to decompose over the long term. A rudimentary drainage system should also be provided at the station to collect the waste and wastewater so that it does not pollute the surroundings.

121. The landfill design includes measures to collect leachate and prevent pollution of surface and groundwater, and because there is very low rainfall in the area, the collected liquid will be allowed to evaporate in simple lined ponds. The design also includes measures to maintain an orderly appearance at the site and to prevent the liberation of excessive odours, as deposited waste will be covered with soil after compaction at the end of each day; and when a cell is closed at the end of each year, a thicker layer of topsoil will be applied to effectively seal the completed area. Simple tubed vents will be inserted into the material to allow the escape of methane and other gases produced by the decomposition process, and equipment will be provided for automatic monitoring of such gases, so that additional measures such as controlled flaring can be adopted if necessary (ref para 118)..

2. Ecological Resources

122. As there are no significant ecological resources in or around the town, or near the landfill site, operation of the solid waste management system should have no ecological impacts.

123. Poorly-managed landfills can cause negative ecological impacts by allowing the development of large colonies of scavenging birds, rodents and other vermin, which can then be a nuisance and health hazard in nearby communities, and can reach pest levels on surrounding agricultural land. Such animals will be discouraged by the daily covering of deposited waste, but the Municipality should routinely monitor the incidence of pests at the site and take further controlling action if necessary.

124. There can be small ecological gains as well as improvements in the appearance of such sites if trees are planted on and around completed waste cells so this should be done. Given the sandy soil and low rainfall of the area such planting may need to be supported by the application of fertiliser from the composting plant and the use of an artificial watering regime.

3. Economic Development 125. Business and small industry in the town should operate more efficiently if their waste is removed speedily and efficiently, so there should be small economic gains once the system is in place. The main economic benefit will be obtained by the companies that are involved in operating the waste management system, either in partnership with the Municipality via PSP schemes or through direct employment.

126. The only negative economic impact from the operating waste management system is on traffic and transportation as there will be more heavy vehicles on the roads in and around the town, collecting and transporting the storage bins and transferring waste to the landfill. This should be mitigated by conducting these collections early in the day (when traffic is light) as much as possible, after which any remaining impacts should be counterbalanced by the economic and other benefits of the scheme.

4. Social and Cultural Resources

127. The main beneficiaries of the improved system of waste management will be the citizens of the town, whose general environment, and in some cases living conditions, will be improved considerably. The unsightly mounds of garbage should no longer be evident in the town, and the attendant appearance, smell and public health risk should be removed.

128. There will also be socio-economic benefits for people who are able to gain employment with companies involved in operating the system, or with the Municipality, who will need to increase their manpower.

129. One group who will suffer economically are the ―rag-pickers‖ who currently scavenge the piles of refuse in the town for materials that they can sell for re-use (textiles, bottles, etc). These activities will be prohibited at the new landfill, so this poor and vulnerable group of people will lose their means of livelihood. This has been recognised by KMB, who plan to mitigate this impact by employing rag pickers under NGO in waste segregation work.

VII. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A. Summary of environmental impacts and mitigation measures

130. Table 7.1 lists the potential adverse impacts of the Karauli Solid Waste Management subproject as identified and discussed in Sections IV, V and VI, and the mitigation proposed to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels. The table also shows how the mitigation will be implemented, who will be responsible, and where and when the mitigation activities will take place. The mitigation programme is shown as the quarter of each year in which each activity will occur, which relates to the project programme described in Section II.B. The final column assesses whether the proposed action will successfully mitigate the impact (shown as 0), and indicates that some of the measures will provide an additional benefit (shown as +).

B. Institutional arrangements for project implementation

131. The main agencies involved in managing and implementing the subproject are:

(i) LSGD is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for management, coordination and execution of all activities funded under the loan. (ii) The Implementing Agency (IA) is the Project Management Unit of the ongoing RUIDP, which will be expanded to include a broader range of skills and representation from the Urban Local Bodies (ULB, the local government in each town). Assigned as the RUSDIP Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), this body will coordinate construction of subprojects across all towns, and ensure consistency of approach and performance.

(iii) The IPMU will be assisted by Investment Program Management Consultants (IPMC) who will manage the program and assure technical quality of design and construction; and Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC), who will design the infrastructure, manage tendering of Contractors and supervise the construction process. (iv) Investment Program Implementation Units (IPIU) will be established in seven zones across the State to manage implementation of subprojects in their area. IPIUs will be staffed by professionals seconded from government departments (PHED, PWD), ULBs, and other agencies, and will be assisted by consultants from the IPMC and DSC as necessary. (v) The IPMU will appoint Construction Contractors (CC) to build elements of the infrastructure in a particular town. The CCs will be managed by the IPIU, and construction will be supervised by the DSC. (vi) LSGD will be assisted by an inter-ministerial Empowered Committee (EC), to provide policy guidance and coordination across all towns and subprojects. The EC will be chaired by the Minister of Urban Development and LSG, and members will include Ministers, Directors and/or representatives of other relevant Government Ministries and Departments. (vii) City Level Committees (CLCs) have also been established in each town, chaired by the District Collector, with members including officials of the ULB, local representatives of state government agencies, the IPIU, and local NGOs and CBOs. The CLCs will monitor project implementation in the town and provide recommendations to the IPIU where necessary. 132. Figure 7.1 shows institutional responsibility for implementation of environmental safeguard at different level.

Figure 7.1: Institutional Responsibility- RUSDIP

Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), LSGD- EA ADB Government of Rajasthan

Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program (RUSDIP) Project Implementation Authority (National Level) Investment Program Management Consultancy (IPMC) Appointed by RUSDIP

Implementing Agency -Investment Program Environmental Implementation Units (IA - IPMU) Expert of IPMC

Several Construction Packages Design and Supervision Consultants for different tranche under each (DSC) IPIU

Construction Contractors (CC) Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) Provided by DSC

Independent Environmental IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAP Testing & Monitoring Agency (On need basis)

Table 7.1: Environmental impacts and mitigation for the Karauli Solid Waste Subproject (Black = continuous activity; Grey = intermittent) Potential Negative Impacts Sig Dur Mitigation Activities and Method Responsi Location 09 2010-

bility 11/2012 Construction: Landfill, drain and internal Road D 1 2 Op 3 Excavation of landfill will produce a large amount of M P Find beneficial uses for waste soil in construction, Landfill Contractor 0 waste soil land raising and infilling of excavated areas site Retain topsoil and subsoil to cover waste when Landfill Contractor 0 landfill is in operation site Dust could be produced when soil is transported and M T Remove waste soil as soon as it is excavated Landfill Contractor 0 stockpiled for construction of drain and landfill site Use tarpaulins to cover dry soil when carried on Contractor All sites 0 trucks Spray soil stockpiles with water in dry weather Landfill Contractor 0 site Rain and groundwater could collect in excavated M T Conduct excavation in the dry season Contractor All sites 0 areas Pump out groundwater & provide to farmers for Landfill Contractor + irrigation site Road construction could produce dust in dry weather M T Damp down exposed soil to reduce dust when Internal Contractor 0 necessary road Some small trees may be removed at landfill and M P Plan road route to avoid removing trees Internal DSC 0 along internal road road Plant and maintain three trees for every one Internal Contractor 0 removed road Traffic may be disrupted by lorries carrying waste soil M T Plan routes to avoid Karauli Town and narrow local 0 roads From Contractor Schedule transportation to avoid peak traffic landfill 0 periods Ground disturbance could damage archaeological and S P Request state and local archaeological authorities DSC 0 historical remains to assess archaeological potential of all work sites Select alternatives if sites have medium-high DSC All sites 0 potential Include state and town historical authorities as LSGD 0 project stakeholders to benefit from their expertise

Sig = Significance of Impact (NS = Not Significant; M = Moderately Significant; S = Significant). Dur = Duration of Impact (T = Temporary; P = Permanent) D = Detailed Design Period; Op = Period when infrastructure is operating 3 This column shows impacts remaining after mitigation: 0 = zero impact (impact successfully mitigated); + = positive impact (mitigation provides a benefit)

Potential Negative Impacts Sig Dur Mitigation Activities and Method Responsi Location 09 2010-

bility 11/2012 Develop and apply protocol to protect chance finds (excavation observed by archaeologist; stop work if DSC and + finds are suspected; state authority to plan Contractor appropriate action) Workers and the public are at risk from accidents on M T Prepare and implement a site Health and Safety 0 site Plan that includes measures to: - Exclude the public from site; 0 - Ensure that workers use Personal Protective 0 Equipment - Provide Health & Safety Training for all 0 personnel; - Provide training to the worker how they avoid 0 transmitting of HIV/AIDS, Contractor All sites - Follow documented procedures for all site 0 activities; - Keep accident reports and records. 0 Provide appropriate equipment to minimize risks 0 and requiring and enforcing its use Keep occupational accident reports and disease 0 and incidence records. Having emergency prevention, preparedness, and 0 response arrangements in place Economic benefits if local people are employed in M T Contractor should employ at least 50% of Contractor All sites + Contractor‘s workforce workforce from communities in vicinity of work sites Construction: Storage Bins Excavation for foundations could damage S P Determine location of infrastructure and avoid Storage DSC 0 infrastructure these sites Bins Locate different infrastructure on opposite sides of Storage DSC 0 roads Bins Roads/people may be disturbed by repeated M T Integrate subprojects to conduct excavation at Storage DSC/LGD 0 excavation same time Bins Work could impede traffic in narrow roads M T Place excavated soil off road wherever possible 0 Storage Conduct this work during light traffic periods (eg Contractor Bins 0 Sunday) Ground disturbance could damage archaeological and S P As above: ask authorities to assess potential of all DSC 0 historical remains sites All sites As above: choose alternative sites if risk is DSC 0 high/medium

Potential Negative Impacts Sig Dur Mitigation Activities and Method Responsi Location 09 2010-

bility 11/2012 As above: include state/local authorities as LSGD 0 stakeholders As above: apply protocol to protect chance finds DSC/CC + Facilities could disturb schools, hospitals when M P Choose sites that are not near sensitive DSC Storage 0 operating buildings/areas Bins Community should be informed about work in advance Consult community; conduct public information LSGD Karauli 0 campaign Town Workers and the public are at risk from accidents on M T As above: prepare and implement H&S plan site (exclude public, use safety equipment, training, Contractor All sites 0 accident record) Existing water supply system uses AC pipes, a S T Design all infrastructure to avoid locations of AC DSC All sites 0 material that can be carcinogenic if inhaled as dust pipes particles Train all construction personnel in dangers of AC Contractor All sites 0 pipes and how to recognise them in situ Develop and apply protocol if AC pipes are DSC and All sites 0 encountered. This should include: Contractor - immediate reporting of any occurrence to 0 management; - removal of all persons to a safe distance; 0 - use of appropriate breathing apparatus and Bins Contractor protective suits by workers delegated to deal with sites 0 AC material; - safe removal and long-term disposal of AC + material Economic benefits for people employed in workforce M T As above: 50% of workforce from affected Contractor All sites + communities Operation and Maintenance Town environment will deteriorate if system S P Maintain facilities and system in full working order GA All sites 0 malfunctions Unclean waste bins could produce foul odour M T Hose out bins after emptying OMC Disposal 0 station Provide hoses and drains DSC Disposal 0 station Landfills can attract birds, rodents and other pests M P Monitor pest incidence & reduce numbers if GA Landfill 0 necessary site Maintenance of drainage system as proposed M P Periodic removal of silt GA Landfill

site Generation of greenhouse gases causing global M T Measurement of green house gases as per IPCC GA Landfill

Potential Negative Impacts Sig Dur Mitigation Activities and Method Responsi Location 09 2010-

bility 11/2012 warming and climate change site Small ecological gains if closed landfills planted with M P Plant trees on closed cells; apply compost if OMC Landfill + trees necessary site Traffic may be impeded by heavy waste vehicles M P Collect waste early in the day as much as possible OMC Karauli 0 Town Rag-pickers will lose their means of livelihood S P Employ rag-pickers to sort waste (segregation) GA Landfill + site

133. Resettlement issues will be coordinated centrally by a Resettlement Specialist within the IPMU, who will ensure consistency of approach between towns. A local Resettlement Specialist will also be appointed to IPIUs of zones in which there are resettlement impacts and they will prepare and implement local Resettlement Plans following the framework established in Tranche 1. 134. Environmental issues will be coordinated by an Environmental Specialist within the IPMU, who will ensure that all subprojects comply with environmental safeguards. An Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) who is part of the DSC team will implement the Environmental Monitoring Plan from each IEE (see below), to ensure that mitigation measures are provided and protect the environment as intended. Domestic Environmental Consultants (DEC) will be appointed by each IPIU to update the existing IEEs in the detailed design stage, and to prepare IEEs or EIAs for new subprojects, where required to comply with national law and/or ADB procedure. C. Environmental Monitoring Plan 135. Table 7.1 shows that most mitigation activities are the responsibility of the Construction Contractors4 (CC) employed to build the infrastructure during the construction stage, or the O&M Contractors employed to operate the new waste management system in the future. Responsibility for the relevant measures will be assigned to the Contractors via the contracts through which they are appointed (prepared by the DSC during the detailed design stage), so they will be legally required to take the necessary action. There are also some actions that need to be taken by LSGD in their role as project proponent, and some actions related to the design that will be implemented by the DSC. 136. A program of monitoring will be conducted to ensure that all parties take the specified action to provide the required mitigation, to assess whether the action has adequately protected the environment, and to determine whether any additional measures may be necessary. This will be conducted by a qualified Environmental Monitoring Specialist (EMS) from the DSC. The EMS will be responsible for all monitoring activities and reporting the results and conclusions to the IPMU, and will recommend remedial action if measures are not being provided or are not protecting the environment effectively. The EMS may be assisted by environmental specialists in particular technical fields, and junior or medium-level engineers who can make many of the routine observations on site. Post-construction monitoring will be conducted by the relevant Government Agency (GA) to whom responsibility for the infrastructure will pass once it begins to operate5. 137. Table 7.1 shows that most of the mitigation measures are fairly standard methods of minimising disturbance from building in urban areas (maintaining access, planning work to avoid sensitive times, finding uses for waste material, etc), and experienced Contractors should be familiar with most of the requirements. Monitoring of such measures normally involves making 43 observations in the course of site visits, although some require more formal checking of records and other aspects. There will also be some surveys of residents, as most of the measures are aimed at preventing impacts on people and the human environment. 138. Table 7.2 shows the proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) for this subproject, which specifies the various monitoring activities to be conducted during all phases. Some of the

4 During implementation the contractor will submit monthly progress reports, which includes a section on EMP implementation to the IPIU. The IPIU will submit reports to the IPMU for review. The IPMU will review progress reports to ensure that the all mitigation measures are properly implemented. The IPMU will consolidate monthly reports and submit quarterly reports to ADB for review. 5 In the operational period some infrastructure will be the responsibility of the Municipal Boards/Councils, whilst others will be the responsibility of the appropriate branch of the State government (such as PWD, PHED, etc)

Table 7.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan Mitigation Activities and Method Location Responsible Monitoring Method Monitoring Responsible for Mitigation Frequency for Monitoring CONSTRUCTION Find beneficial uses for waste soil (construction, land raising, infill) Landfill site Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS from landfill Retain topsoil and subsoil to cover waste when landfill is operating Landfill site Contractor Site observations Monthly EMS Remove waste soil as soon as it is excavated Landfill site Contractor Site observations Weekly EMS Use tarpaulins to cover dry soil when carried on trucks All sites Contractor Observations on and off site Weekly EMS Spray soil stockpiles with water in dry weather Landfill site Contractor Site observations Weekly EMS Conduct excavation in the dry season All sites Contractor Site observations Monthly EMS Pump out groundwater and provide to farmers for irrigation Landfill site Contractor Site observations; farmer survey Monthly EMS Damp down exposed soil to reduce dust when necessary Road Contractor Site observation; resident survey Weekly EMS Plan road route to avoid removing trees Road DSC Design reports; site observation As needed EMS Plant and maintain three trees for every one removed Road Contractor Observations on/off site; CC Monthly EMS records Avoid Karauli Town and narrow local roads when transporting soil From landfill Contractor Observations off site; CC record Weekly EMS Avoid transporting soil during peak traffic periods From landfill Contractor Observations on and off site Weekly EMS Request archaeological authorities to assess potential of all sites All sites DSC DSC records; design reports As needed EMS Select alternatives if sites have medium or high potential All sites DSC DSC records; design reports As needed EMS Include state and town historical authorities as stakeholders All sites LSGD LSGD records; observations at As needed EMS meetings Develop and apply archaeological protocol to protect chance finds All sites DSC and CC DSC and CC records; site Weekly EMS observations Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites All sites Contractor CC records; worker interviews Monthly EMS Determine location of infrastructure and avoid these sites Bins DSC DSC records; design reports As needed EMS Locate different infrastructure on opposite sides of roads Storage Bins DSC Site observation; design reports Monthly EMS Integrate subprojects to conduct trenching at same time Storage Bins DSC/LSGD Site observation; design reports Monthly EMS Place excavated soil off road wherever possible Storage Bins Contractor Site observations Weekly EMS Conduct work near narrow roads during light traffic (eg Sunday) Storage Bins Contractor Site observations Weekly EMS Choose sites that are not near sensitive buildings/areas Bins DSC Design reports; site observation As needed EMS Consult community; conduct public information campaign Karauli Town LSGD LSGD records; resident surveys Monthly EMS Prepare and implement a site H&S Plan including personal All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS

protection from transmission of HIV/AIDS (safety of workers/public) Exclude the public from site All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS Provide Health & Safety Training for all personnel including All sites Contractor CC records; worker interviews Monthly EMS process of transmission of HIV/AIDS Follow documented procedures for all site activities All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS Keep accident reports and records All sites Contractor CC records Monthly EMS Design infrastructure to avoid known locations of AC pipes All sites DSC DSC records; design reports As Needed EMS Train all personnel in dangers and recognition of AC pipes All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Monthly EMS Develop and apply protocol if AC pipes are encountered All sites DSC/CC DSC & CC records; site Weekly EMS observations If AC pipes are encountered, report to management immediately All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Weekly EMS Remove all persons to safe distance All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Weekly EMS Workers handling AC: wear breathing apparatus; protective suits All sites Contractor Site observations; CC records Weekly EMS All AC material must be removed and disposed of safely All sites Contractor Observations on and off site; CC As needed EMS records OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Maintain facilities and system in full working order All sites GA Site observation; resident survey Monthly Hose out bins after emptying Disposal Stn OM Contractor Site observation Monthly Provide hoses and drains Disposal Stn DSC Design reports; site observation Monthly Monitor pest incidence & reduce numbers if necessary Landfill site GA Site observation; GA records Monthly Plant trees on closed cells; apply compost if necessary Landfill site OM Contractor Site observations Monthly Collect waste early in the day as much as possible Karauli Town OM Contractor Site observation; resident survey Monthly LONG-TERM SURVEYS Township litter and garbage survey Karauli Town GA Systematic observation; resident Annual for Specialist survey 5 years consultant Measurement of GHG generated from landfill GA Measurement as per IPCC Annually Specialist Landfill site for 5 years consultant

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measures shown in Table 7.1 have been consolidated to avoid repetition, and there has been some re-ordering to present together those measures that relate to the same activity or site. The EMP describes: (i) mitigation measures, (ii) location, (iii) measurement method, (iv) frequency of monitoring and (v) responsibility (for both mitigation and monitoring). It does not show specific parameters to be measured because as indicated above, most measures will be checked by simple observation, by checking of records, or by interviews with residents or workers.

139. Given the scale of the investment in providing the infrastructure, LSGD will also wish to conduct monitoring during the operational period to confirm the long-term benefits of the scheme. Table 7.1 shows that a specialist consultant will be appointed to conduct a survey of the amount of litter and garbage in the town, during the construction period (baseline), and annually for the first five years of operation of the improved waste management system.

D. Environmental management and monitoring costs

140. Most of the mitigation measures require the contractors to adopt good site practice, which should be part of their normal procedures already, so there are unlikely to be major costs associated with compliance. Regardless of this, any costs of mitigation by the contractors (those employed to construct the infrastructure or the local companies employed to operate the waste management system) are included in the budgets for the civil works and do not need to be estimated separately here. Mitigation that is the responsibility of LSGD will be provided as part of their management of the project, so this also does not need to be duplicated here.

141. The remaining actions in the Environmental Management Plan are:

The environmental monitoring during construction, conducted by the EMS; The long-term garbage survey and GHG measurement that will be commissioned by LSGD.

142. These have not been budgeted elsewhere, and their costs are shown in Table 7.3 with details of the calculations shown in footnotes beneath the table. The figures show that the total cost of environmental management and monitoring for the subproject as a whole (covering design, 1 ½ years of construction and the first five years of operation) is INR 2.38 million, ie US$ 51,739.

Table 7.3: Environmental management and monitoring costs (INR) Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost Sub-total 1. Implementation of EMP (2 years) Domestic Environmental Monitoring Specialist 1 x 3 month 130,0006 390,000 Survey and Monitoring Expenses Sum 300,000 300,000 690,000

2. Survey of litter and garbage (6 years) Domestic Consultant 6 x ½ month 130,000 390,000 Other Expenses Sum 300,000 300,000 690,000

3. Measurement of greenhouse gas (5 yrs) 1x5 yrs 100,000 500,000 500,000 annually

6 Unit costs of domestic consultants include fee, travel, accommodation and subsistence

Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost Sub-total 4. Environmental mitigation measures Lump sum 500,000 500,000 500,000 including buffer zone development for SLF TOTAL 23,80,000.00

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Project stakeholders

143. Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified preliminary. If any other stakeholders that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders are:

(i) People who live and work near the sites of storage bins, and the landfill; (ii) Custodians and users of socially and culturally important buildings in affected areas; (iii) State and local authorities responsible for the protection and conservation of archaeological relics, historical sites and artefacts; (iv) State and local tourism authorities.

144. Secondary stakeholders are:

(i) LSGD as the Executing Agency; (ii) Other government institutions whose remit includes areas or issues affected by the project (state and local planning authorities, Department of Public Health Engineering, Local Government Dept, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Roads and Highways Division, etc); (iii) NGOs and CBOs working in the affected communities; (iv) Other community representatives (prominent citizens, religious leaders, elders, women‘s groups); (v) The beneficiary community in general; and (vi) The ADB, and Government of India, Ministry of Finance.

B. Consultation and disclosure to date

145. Some informal discussion was held with the local people during site visit. Issues discussed are

(i) Awareness and extent of the project and development components (ii) Benefits of Project for the economic and social upliftment of community (iii) Labour availability in the project area or requirement of outside labour involvement (iv) Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work (v) Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites (vi) Water logging and drainage problem if any (vii) Drinking water problem (viii) Solid waste management status (ix) Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site (x) Movement of wild animals nearby the project site

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146. Local populations are very much interested on the project and they will help project authorities in all aspects. Public consultation results specifically on environmental issues are shown in Annexure VIII-A. Summary of the consultation is also shown in Annexure – VIII-A.

147. The public Consultation and group discussion meeting were conduct by RUIDP on Date 26 June, 2009 after advertising in Local NEWS papers. The objective of the meeting was to appraise the stakeholders about the environmental and social impacts of the proposed program and the safeguards provided in the program to mitigate the same. In the specific context of Karauli, the environmental and social impacts of the proposed subprojects under in Karauli were discussed.

148. Meetings and individual interviews were held at potentially temporarily affected areas; and local informal interviews were conducted to determine the potential impacts of sub-project construction to prepare the sample Environmental Framework. A town-wise stakeholder consultation workshop was conducted which provided an overview of the Program and subprojects to be undertaken in Karauli; and discussed the Government and ADB‘s Environment policies acts and potential environment impacts of the sub-projects in Karauli. During the workshop, Hindi versions of the Environmental Framework were provided to ensure participants understood the objectives, policy principles and procedures related to Environment, English and Hindi versions of the Environmental Framework have been placed in the Urban Local Body (ULB) office and Environmental Framework will be provided later on. The NGO to be engaged to implement the Mitigation Measures will continue consultations, information dissemination, and disclosure. The Environmental Framework will be made available in the ULB office, Investment Program Project Management Unit and Implementation Unit (IPMU and IPIU) offices, and the town library. The finalized IEE containing Mitigation Measures will also be disclosed in ADB‘s website, the State Government website, the local government website, and the IPMU and IPIU websites. ADB review and approval of the RP is required prior to award of civil works contracts.

149. Major Issues discussed during Public Consultation

(i) Proposed solid waste management project should ensure enough service of waste management in all wards of city. (ii) Executive agency should give preference to engage internationally reputed contractor like Gammon, HCC, etc as people do not faith about the local contractors in respect of quality of works as well as timely completion of work; (iii) Efforts should be made by government to give service regular basis; (iv) Local people should be employed by the contractor during construction work; (v) Adequate safety measures should be taken during construction work; (vi) Local people have appreciated the solid waste management proposal of the government and they have ensured that they will cooperate with the Executing Agency during project implementation.

C. Future consultation and disclosure

150. LSGD will extend and expand the consultation and disclosure process significantly during implementation of RUSDIP. They will appoint an experienced NGO to handle this key aspect of the programme, who will conduct a wide range of activities in relation to all subprojects in each town, to ensure that the needs and concerns of stakeholders are registered, and are addressed in project design, construction or operation where appropriate. The

49 programme of activities will be developed during the detailed design stage, and is likely to include the following:

151. Consultation during detailed design:

(i) Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders (including women‘s groups, NGOs and CBOs) to hear their views and concerns, so that these can be addressed in subproject design where necessary; (ii) Structured consultation meetings with the institutional stakeholders (government bodies and NGOs) to discuss and approve key aspects of the project.

152. Consultation during construction:

(i) Public meetings with affected communities to discuss and plan work programmes and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; (ii) Smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with individual communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in subproject monitoring and evaluation.

153. Project disclosure:

(i) Public information campaigns (via newspaper, TV and radio) to explain the project to the wider city population and prepare them for disruption they may experience once the construction programme is underway; (ii) Public disclosure meetings at key project stages to inform the public of progress and future plans, and to provide copies of summary documents in Hindi; (iii) Formal disclosure of completed project reports by making copies available at convenient locations in the study towns, informing the public of their availability, and providing a mechanism through which comments can be made.

D. Grievance Redress Mechanism

154. The project authority will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected persons‘ concerns, complaints and grievances about the project‘s environmental performance. The grievances mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It will be addressed affected peoples‘ concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all the affected people at no cost and without retribution. The affected people will be informed by appropriate mechanism. The figure given below indicates the grievance redress mechanism for this purpose.

155. During implementation process performance monitoring fact sheet will be prepared against each possible environmental impacts.

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Figure 8.1: Grievance redress mechanism - RUSDIP

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Courts

ESMC (LSGD)

Grievance Redressal If not S&E Officer (LSGD) Body resolved (District and State Level) Complaint Cell/Public Information Center (LSGD)

Grievances

Environment and Social Management Committee (ESMC)

IX. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

156. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of the infrastructure proposed under the Karauli Solid Waste Management Subproject. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, but no impacts were identified as being due to either the subproject design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. These were discussed with specialists responsible for the engineering aspects, and as a result some measures have already been included in the outline designs for the infrastructure. These include:

(i) Using natural or amended clay to seal the landfill and incorporating a drainage system to collect leachate, to prevent the pollution of groundwater; (ii) Including a composting plant to provide a beneficial use for biodegradable waste.

157. This means that the number of impacts and their significance has already been reduced by amending the design.

158. Changes have also been made to the location of elements of the project to further reduce impacts. These include:

(i) Locating the storage bins, and landfill on government-owned land to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people; (ii) Locating the landfill at a site that is partially screened, with no inhabitation nearby, to reduce the visual and other impacts of construction and operation of the facility.

159. Regardless of these and various other actions taken during the IEE process and in developing the project, there will still be impacts on the environment when the infrastructure is built and when it is operating. This is mainly because of the invasive nature of excavation work; because the secondary storage facilities (waste bins) are located in the town, some parts of which are densely populated; and because Rajasthan is an area with a rich history, in which there is a high risk that ground disturbance may uncover important remains. Because of these factors the most significant impacts are on the physical environment, the human environment, and the cultural heritage.

160. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of large quantities of waste soil produced by excavation at the landfill site. These are common impacts of construction in and around urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation. These include:

(i) Finding beneficial uses for waste material; (ii) Covering soil to prevent dust during transportation on trucks; (iii) Damping down exposed soil and stockpiled material to reduce dust during dry weather.

161. One field in which impacts are much less routine is archaeology, and here a series of specific measures have been developed to avoid damaging important remains. These include:

(i) Assessing the archaeological potential of all proposed construction sites, and selecting alternative locations to avoid any areas of medium or high risk; (ii) Including archaeological, cultural and historical authorities and interest groups as project stakeholders to benefit from their expertise; (iii) Developing a protocol for use in conducting all excavation to ensure that any chance finds are recognised, protected and conserved.

162. Special measures were also developed to protect workers and the public from exposure to carcinogenic asbestos fibres in the event that Asbestos Cement pipes used in the existing water supply system are encountered accidentally during excavation work. These are to:

(i) Avoid all known sites of AC pipes when the locations of new infrastructure are planned in the detailed design stage; (ii) Train all construction personnel to raise awareness of the dangers of AC and enable early recognition of such pipes if encountered; (iii) Develop and apply a protocol to protect workers and the public if AC pipes are encountered (including evacuation of the immediate area, use of protective equipment by workers, and safe removal and disposal of AC material).

163. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will:

(i) Employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; (ii) Plant trees on and around completed parts of the landfill site once it is operating, to improve the appearance and provide a small ecological gain.

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164. These and the other mitigation and enhancement measures are summarised in Table 7.1, which also shows the location of the impact, the body responsible for the mitigation, and the program for its implementation.

165. Once the system is operating, it will be important that Karauli Municipal Board maintains the facilities and the waste management system as a whole in proper working order, because the town environment will deteriorate rapidly from waste accumulation if the system begins to fail. The project will provide capacity building, public education and financial support to ensure continuation of the operating system.

166. If waste is collected regularly from houses and municipal storage bins, transferred to the landfill and treated as intended, then there should be no significant negative impacts. Even the accumulation of waste to a design 9 m bgl at the landfill should not be significant as waste will be compacted and covered with soil daily and when each waste cell is completed, thus limiting pests, odours and visual impacts. There are also no residential areas nearby where people could be affected by such impacts.

167. The main impacts of the operating waste management system will be beneficial as the general environment of the town will improve considerably as mounds of garbage are no longer evident and the appearance, smell and public health of the area improves as a result. Some people will also gain socio-economically from being employed in companies engaged to operate the system, or in the expanded Municipality manpower.

168. Table 7.1 also assesses the effectiveness of each mitigation measure in reducing each impact to an acceptable level. This is shown as the level of significance of the residual impact (remaining after the mitigation is applied). This shows that all impacts will be rendered at least neutral (successfully mitigated), and that certain measures will produce a benefit (in addition to the major benefits provided by the operating scheme).

169. Mitigation will be assured by a programme of environmental monitoring conducted during both construction and operation to ensure that all measures are provided as intended, and to determine whether the environment is protected as envisaged. This will include observations on and off site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported to the PIU. There will also be a longer- term survey to monitor the expected improvements in the town environment from the improved solid waste management.

170. Finally, stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through both face-to-face discussions on site and a large public meeting held in the town, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the town and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB website. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation, when a nationally-recognised NGO will be appointed to handle this key element to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation.

B. Recommendations

171. There are two straightforward but essential recommendations that need to be followed to ensure that the environmental impacts of the project are successfully mitigated. These are that LSGD should ensure that:

All mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures proposed in this IEE report (Table 7.1) are implemented in full, as described in the text above; The Environmental Monitoring Plan proposed in this report is also implemented in full.

X. CONCLUSIONS

172. The environmental impacts of the proposed improvements in solid waste management infrastructure in Karauli Town have been assessed by the Initial Environmental Examination reported in this document, conducted according to ADB guidelines. The overall conclusion is that providing the mitigation, compensation and enhancement measures are implemented in full, there should be no significant negative environmental impacts as a result of location, design, construction or operation of the subproject. There should in fact be some small benefits from recommended mitigation and enhancement measures, and major improvements in the town environment once the scheme is in operation.

173. During designing stage location of landfill site has been selected at government land only, no village noted nearby the site (land surrounded by open low land). Therefore no additional impact is expected.

174. There are no uncertainties in the analysis, and no additional work is required to comply with ADB procedure. For satisfying National law environmental clearance is required for operation of Sanitary Landfill site.

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ANNEXURE -II- A- PHOTO ILLUSTRATION

ANNEXURE –V-A:RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

(Solid Waste Management Karauli) SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting

Is the project area…

. Densely populated? No The district is surrounded by the districts of Dholpur, Bharatpur, Dausa and Sawai Madhopur. The Chambal River flows through the district. The rugged landscape of Karauli makes it an ideal place for travelling. As of 2001 India census, Karauli had a population of 66,179. Landfill location scarcely populated No The proposed project area is being a tourist . Heavy with development activities? spot also, is not loaded with developmental activities. No The proposed landfill site is situated on non . Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive cultivated land and devoid of any areas? environmental sensitive feature inside or in

the vicinity of the proposed site. No The 600 year Karauli old city palace was built probably in the 14th century by the royal family and a magnificent city palace in 1635 AD. The fort and the city palace remains the official residence of the royal family of karauli till 1938 AD. At that time a much more modern Bhanwar Vilas palace was built by Maharaja Ganesh pal Deo Bhadur. The Temple of Kaila Devi holds an important place among the religious places Cultural heritage site of Rajasthan. Being a popular tourist destination, there are a number of tourist attractions in Karauli district. The region is known for its scenic beauty and idyllic charm. The rich heritage is also an added advantage. Some popular places worth a visit in the district are: Mandrayal Fort, Chambal River, Madan mohanji , Kailadevi ,etc.

There is no cultural heritage site nearby the proposed landfill site

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS No Kaila Devi National park is located at a distance of about 22 km from the project site. Kaila Devi national park is named after the locally famous Kaila Devi temple at its entrance. Another typical feature of the sanctuary is the numerous khos or deep gorges breaking the ground. These several hundred feet deep khos initially Protected Area fall steeply, forming irregular, lofty walls of rocks, which further down, slope gently into narrow valleys. The rich and dense forest in the khos virtually make them impenetrable and inaccessible - ideal place for animals to take shelter and rest. Some interesing khos in the sanctuary are Chirmul, Ghanteshwar, Khadi (Keri Umar), Kudka and Nibhera. No protected area nearby the landfill site Wetland No -

Mangrove No -

Estuarine No -

No The site is not within the buffer zone of the Buffer zone of protected area protected area, as it is at a distance of

about 22 km from the protected area No Kaila devi national park is a home to various animals and birds. Among mammals Chinkara, wild bore, jackal can Special area for protecting biodiversity be seen very commonly in morning and late afternoon. Leopard, Sloth bear, Hyena, Wolf and Sambhar sightings can be seen and of course tiger continues its secretive existence. Bay No -

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause…

. impacts associated with transport of wastes to the Yes Only temporary odour problem along the disposal site or treatment facility transportation routes is anticipated. Waste shall be transported in covered containers bins/vehicles upto the disposal and landfill site. . impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas No No loss or damage is anticipated as there and loss/damage to these sites? is no historical/cultural monument is situated in the vicinity of the proposed project site

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS . degradation of aesthetic and property value loss? No The proposed landfill will not cause the degradation of aesthetics or any property loss as it is located at a far off distance from the city which is at present used for crude dumping of the solid waste. The nearest settlement area is also 1 km away from the proposed project site. Proper planning of landfill site is framed to retain the aesthetic value of area. Provision of boundary wall and greenbelt development around the landfill site is proposed in the project. . nuisance to neighboring areas due to foul odour and Yes The landfill site is located in Dhanirampura influx of insects, rodents, etc.? village and since it is a waste management system so due to any discrepancy in the solid waste handling, the problems of nuisance in the neighboring areas like foul odors etc can occur. Slight problem of foul odour is anticipated around collection bins and landfill site. Careful siting of collection bins will be ensured within the town. The bins and transportation vehicles shall be cleaned and disinfected on periodical basis to avoid foul odor, influx of insect, rodents and other vectors to avoid such problems. Visual barrier in the form of boundary wall and greenbelt shall be provided around the landfill site to minimize such problem. . dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people No The proposed landfill site is situated on non cultivated government land and no acquisition of private land or property is proposed in the project. . public health hazards from odor, smoke from fire, Yes Every preventive measures and proper and diseases transmitted by flies, insects, birds and care will be taken for public health. rats? Appropriate fire fighting system shall be ensured at landfill site. . deterioration of water quality as a result of No Proper drainage system shall be ensured contamination of receiving waters by leacheate from at landfill site to regulate the runoff water land disposal system? and well designed leachate collection and treatment system has been included in design at landfill site. . contamination of ground and/or surface water by No The chances of impact on water quality are leach ate from land disposal system? minimum. However this issue has been addressed in the project. Provision of leachate collection and treatment system has been included in design at landfill site. The runoff water shall be regulated through network of drains and proper treatment will be ensured prior to discharge. The procedure will be followed as per CPHEEO manual. The percolation of water shall be cheeked through scientific measures. . land use conflicts? No The proposed landfill site is a government land and is under process of allotment to Karauli Nagar Parishad.

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS . pollution of surface and ground water from leach ate No Proper leachate collection system and coming form sanitary landfill sites or methane gas treatment has been included in design as produced from decomposition of solid wastes in the per CPHEEO Manual. The Methane gas absence of air, which could enter the aquifer or will not be allowed to escape directly into escape through soil fissures at places far from the the atmosphere Flaring system shall be landfill site? installed for flaring of methane gas.

. inadequate buffer zone around landfill site to No The land fill site is not close to settlement alleviate nuisances? area. So this problem will not persist. Moreover provision of boundary wall and greenbelt development around the landfill site is proposed in the project. . social conflicts between construction workers from No Local workers will be preferred during other areas and community workers? construction. If mitigated labors are engaged for the works proper housing facility with basic amenities shall be provided near the proposed site. . road blocking and/or increased traffic during No No such situation anticipated in the project. construction of facilities? A single main road is there upto the village, access road inside the village upto the landfill site is to be made. . noise and dust from construction activities? Yes No significant increase in noise level is anticipated due to construction activity however ear plugs/muffles will be provided to the workers working near noise generator set. Appropriate dust suppression measures will be observed in order to minimize dust generation due to construction activity. . temporary silt runoff due to construction? No Not expected. Excavation work will be not considered during rainy season . hazards to public health due to inadequate No There is periodic training programme for management of landfill site caused by inadequate staff involved in SWM has been planned institutional and financial capabilities for the under capacity building programme in the management of the landfill operation? project. Adequate financial provision has been made in the project for ensuring effective management of landfill till operation period. . emission of potentially toxic volatile organics from No There will be no toxic volatile organics land disposal site? because all the volatile organics will be converted in to compost, by compost plant. . surface and ground water pollution from leach ate No Suitable leachate collection system and and methane gas migration? treatment has been incorporated in the design. Methane gas will be flared in order to prevent direct escape. There is no surface water body located near the site. . loss of deep-rooted vegetation (e.g. tress) from No No deep rooted vegetation situated over landfill gas? the proposed land. Heavy plantation on the periphery of the project site will be done to reduce the impact of landfill gases on the same. Native plants with thick canopy at the periphery will utilize the landfill gases. If the problem persists, plantation in multiple rows will also be thought off.

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS . explosion of toxic response from accumulated landfill No No such building in nearby the area has gas in buildings? been observed. Proper gas collectors and ventilation system will be installed to avoid any accumulation of toxic gases. . contamination of air quality from incineration? No Composting would be done rather than incinerators to avoid this problem. . public health hazards from odor, smoke from fire, No Proper treatment of the area, cleaning and and diseases transmitted by flies, rodents, insects disinfection of the containers, and and birds, etc.? transportation vehicles shall be ensured on regular basis. . health and safety hazards to workers from toxic No Health and safety Officer shall be gases and hazardous materials in the site? appointed for this project to handle these issues in effective manner. Every preventive measure on health and safety will be provided to the workers such as proper medical aid, supply and use of personal protective equipments, first aid boxes and periodical health checkup of the workers at the site.

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ANNEXURE -VI-A: LANDFILL GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION, MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

ANNEXURE -VIII-A: PUBLIC CONSULTATION- ENVIRONMENT SUB PROJECT-: LANDFILL (KARAULI)

Design Phase

Issues discussed  General Observations  Awareness and extent of the project and development components  Benefits of Project for the economic and social Upliftment of Community  Labour availability in the Project area or requirement of outside labour involvement  Local disturbances due to Project Construction Work  Local disturbances during project operation work.  Necessity of tree felling etc. at project site  Water logging and drainage problem if any  Major environmental problems expected,  Contamination of drinking water due to the upcoming project  Forest and sensitive area nearby the project site  Movement of wild animal if any  Other problems, encountered, if any  Increment in the population of rodents, insects, flies etc in the nearby periphery of the plant.  Availability of civic amenity and transfer/collection facilities.

1. Date & time of Consultation:- 23.07.10 at 17.00 PM , Location :-Village Dhanirampura.

Table: Issues of the Public Consultation- Design phase Sr. No. Key Issues/Demands Perception of community Action to be Taken 1 Awareness of the project – The people of the town are well versed with The nearby residents including coverage area the proposed landfill site. As per the local should be associated at people, the DSC consultants have informed the most by proper them by open houses and discussions discussions with them. regarding the proposed landfill and its benefits. Since the literacy rate in this area is very low, so the residents had some reservations about the landfill like the competence and operating standards of the operator, impacts on health of the community as a whole etc. But as the project site is at present used for crude dumping of the city waste which creates nuisance for the local people so they wanted that proper solution for this problem should be adopted. 2 In what way they may associate The local people are of the view that local Preference will be with the project people should be hired depending upon their given to the local labour efficiency and expertise. during the The local people wanted that they should be implementation of the involved from the initial decision making project as per the phase onwards so that they can participate requirement. at every stage.

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Sr. No. Key Issues/Demands Perception of community Action to be Taken 3 Presence of any forest, wild life During the consultation, it was found that Scientific application of or any sensitive / unique there will be no impact as the Kaila Devi mitigation measures environmental components national park is about 22 km from the will be required to avoid nearby the project area proposed project site. any impact on the national park. 4 Presence of historical/ cultural/ Sites of cultural/ historic/ religious -- religious sites nearby importance were not found in the close proximity of the proposed project site as it is located at a far off village. 5 Unfavorable climatic condition As per the local people‘s view, the summer Suitable climatic season is not appropriate to commence the conditions will be work as the temperature reaches about considered during the 47°C. During the heavy rains, there might planning and execution arise some problems in the execution of the stage. The points project as the drainage facilities in the area raised by the local are extremely poor due to which overflowing people should be taken of drains is a common problem encountered into consideration. by the people. 6 Occurrence of flood Due to poor drainage conditions people Proper actions should suffer from water stagnancy in the area. be taken during the Occurrence of flood was not mentioned by execution of the project any of the residents. so that the condition does not worsen due to our project. 7 Drainage and sewerage Due to poor drainage condition people suffer Proper drainage problem facing from water stagnancy in their areas at the system should be time of rainy season. developed in the area. Proper sewerage system is not available in The proposed the project area. They said that the drains sewerage system will are open and not cleaned periodically due to improve the sewerage which they get choked easily. They also conditions. complained that as there is no waste management system, the solid waste finds its way in the drains and on the roads which gives an un-aesthetic view to the surroundings.

8 Present drinking water problem The people in the nearby settlement area are Proper waste handling – quantity and quality solely dependent on ground water resources. methods should be A large number of houses have their own adopted in order to tube-wells. Water from hand pumps is also a minimize any impact on source of water for the poor villagers. the ground water resources. 9 Present solid waste collection The Municipal Board takes care of the solid Proper solid waste and disposal problem waste management of Karauli town. It can be management system said that there is no waste collection facility should be in the whole town. The solid waste finds its implemented. The way on the roads and the in the drains. The upcoming project aims solid waste of the town is dumped onto the to reduce all such government land at village, Dhanirampura problems. which creates nuisance for the local villagers. 10 Availability of labour during Sufficient labour is available in this area. Availability of labour is construction time not a problem here, if required labour from nearby areas will be hired. 11 Access road to project site The site is accessible via road upto the main Proper roads upto the road. The other roads will be made. landfill site should be

Sr. No. Key Issues/Demands Perception of community Action to be Taken made. 12 Perception of villagers on tree The local people were of the view that trees It has been explained felling and afforestation should not be cut; if urgent it should be that during minimum in number and number of trees cut implementation phase should be replaced by planting trees in the of the landfill, no tree is nearby areas. going to be affected.

13 Dust and noise Pollution and People are aware of the fact that during PUC certified vehicles disturbances during construction work some amount of dust and should be used during construction work noise will arise. But they wanted thatiIt material handling and should be minimized as much as possible. transportation activities. It has been explained that as per Safeguard Sprinkling of water policy of the project for abatement of should be done in order pollution, control system will be considered to minimize the fugitive Vehicles movement will be controlled & dust emissions. appropriate measure will be taken to combat the same. 14 Setting up worker camp site As per the people, local labours should be Preference will be within the village/ project hired which will minimize the requirement of given to the local labour locality setting of a temporary work shelter. during the implementation of the project as per the requirement. 15 Safety of residents During People were of the view that safety Safeguard policy construction phase and plying measures like cautionary boards, signals, should be Implemented of vehicle for construction barricades should be used at the project in in order to minimize the activities local language site in order to minimize any accidents. Vehicles mishap. The vehicles carrying materials carrying construction should follow some speed limits as the area material and waste etc is a quiet place. Moreover the to and fro will be asked to drive motion of the vehicles can increase the within speed limits. number of accidents in the area. 16 Requirement of enhancement The people were of the thought that this Actions should be of other facilities village should also be provided with Basic taken in order to amenities required for living. Drinking water, improve the standard of proper sanitation facilities etc should be living. developed for them also. 18 Whether local people agreed to The nature of the project does not involve If it will be required, sacrifice their lands (cultivable any land acquisition from the local people. proper compensation or not) for beneficial project Government land has been acquired for the will be provided to the after getting proper proposed project activity. land owners. compensation

NAME AND POSITION OF PERSONS CONSULTED: Jeetmal gurjar, villager, Dhanirampura. Gabbar Singh, villager, Dhanirampura Ramhari, villager, Dhanirampura Gadiya Lohar, villager, Dhanirampura Smt. Kamla, villager, Dhanirampura Smt Mamta, villager, Dhanirampura Kalicharan, villager, Dhanirampura Nathu lal gujjar, villager, Dhanirampura Sitaram, villager, Dhanirampura Bhairulal Yadav, villager, Dhanirampura

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Summary of out come:

The various issues related to the proposed project of landfill site have been discussed at the nearest settlement area i.e. at Dhanirampura with the local people. The local people were of the view that they are aware about the work of RUIDP. The DSC consultants by proper open houses and discussion have made them aware of the upcoming project. Since the literacy rate in this area is very low, so the residents had some reservations about the landfill like the competence and operating standards of the operator, impacts on health of the community as a whole etc. They said that proper methods should be adopted so that they should not suffer from odour, insects etc. problems due to the waste of the town. They are also concern about the technologies to be involved during the operation phase and the reduction in their property values. People want their problems should be heard and solutions for them should be implemented during the implementation phase. People are ready to extend all types of support during execution of the project. They also want that sewerage, drainage and solid waste management projects should be taken up in the nearby villages also.