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Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Report of The UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/6/Add.2 Distr.: General 8 October 2018 Original: English Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Fourteenth meeting Rome, 1721 September 2018 Report of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee on the work of its fourteenth meeting Addendum Addendum to the risk management evaluation on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds Note by the Secretariat At its fourteenth meeting, by its decision POPRC-14/2, the Committee adopted an addendum to the risk management evaluation on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds on the basis of the draft contained in the note by the Secretariat (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/3), as revised during the meeting. The text of the addendum to the risk management evaluation as adopted is set out in the annex to the present addendum. It has not been formally edited. K1802750 281118 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/6/Add.2 Annex FURTHER ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION ON PFOA, ITS SALTS AND PFOA-RELATED COMPOUNDS Addendum to the risk management evaluation on PFOA, its salts and PFOA-related compounds1 September 2018 1 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.13/7/Add.2. 2 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/6/Add.2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Overview of actions to date .................................................................................... 9 1.2 Structure of this document .................................................................................... 10 1.3 Data sources ......................................................................................................... 10 2 Chemical identity of PFOA, its salts and PFOA-related compounds ......................... 11 2.1 Chemical identity according to the RME ............................................................. 11 2.2 Possible exclusion of sulfluramid from the scope of the RME............................. 12 2.3 Possible exclusion of 1-H-PFO from the scope of the RME ................................ 14 2.4 Inclusion of 8:2 fluorotelomer methacrylate, polymer with methyl methacrylate in the scope of the RME ....................................................................................... 15 3 Information on unintentional formation and release ................................................... 15 3.1 Unintentional formation and release from incomplete combustion ...................... 15 3.2 Unintentional formation and release from primary aluminium production .......... 17 3.3 Summary and conclusion related to unintentional formation and release ............ 17 4 Uses of PFOA, salts and PFOA-related compounds where further exemptions may be needed ......................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 18 4.2 (a) Membranes intended for use in medical textiles, filtration in water treatment, production processes and effluent treatment ........................................................ 18 4.2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 18 4.2.3 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 19 Short-chain fluorinated alternatives ..................................................................... 19 Non-fluorine-containing alternatives ................................................................... 19 Non-chemical alternatives ................................................................................... 21 4.2.4 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 21 4.2.5 Synthesis of Information ....................................................................... 21 4.2.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 22 4.3 (b) Use of perfluorooctyl iodide (PFOI) as isolated intermediate in order to enable reprocessing to tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) in another site than the production site ...................................................... 22 4.3.1 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 23 4.3.2 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 26 4.3.3 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 26 4.3.4 Synthesis of information ....................................................................... 26 4.3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 26 4.4 (c) Medical devices other than implantable devices ............................................. 26 4.4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 26 4.4.2 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 27 Identification of uses of PFOA and PFOA-related compounds in medical devices ................................................................................................................. 27 Timescales foreseen for potential exemptions ..................................................... 28 4.4.3 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 28 4.4.4 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 28 4.4.5 Other considerations .............................................................................. 29 4.4.6 Syntheses of information ....................................................................... 29 4.4.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 29 4.5 (d) Implantable medical devices ........................................................................... 29 4.5.1 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 30 3 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/6/Add.2 4.5.2 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 30 4.5.3 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 31 4.5.4 Syntheses of information ....................................................................... 31 4.5.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 31 4.6 (e) Photo-imaging sector ...................................................................................... 31 4.6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 31 4.6.2 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 32 Control measures ................................................................................................. 32 4.6.3 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 32 4.6.4 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 33 4.6.5 Syntheses of information ....................................................................... 33 4.6.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 33 4.7 (f) Automotive industry ........................................................................................ 33 4.7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 33 4.7.2 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 33 4.7.3 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 36 4.7.4 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 36 4.7.5 Syntheses of information ....................................................................... 36 4.7.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 37 4.8 (g) Fire-fighting foams ......................................................................................... 38 4.8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 38 4.8.2 Efficacy and efficiency of possible control measures ........................... 39 Stockpiles already placed on the market ............................................................. 39 Control measures for environmental release linked to fire-fighting foam ........... 41 4.8.3 Information on alternatives ................................................................... 42 Short-chained fluorinated alternatives ................................................................. 42 Non-fluorine containing alternatives ................................................................... 43 4.8.4 Information on impacts on society ........................................................ 45 4.8.5 Other considerations .............................................................................. 46
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