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The Study on Water Supply and Sanitation Lindi and Mtwara

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The Study on Water Supply and Sanitation Lindi and Mtwara TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Letter of Transmittal Location Map of Study Area Village Location Map Acronyms and Abbreviations Executive Summary Chapter 1 Introduction..............................................................................1-1 1.1 General ............................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Outline of the Study..........................................................................................1-2 1.2.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................1-2 1.2.2 Objectives of the Study .........................................................................1-3 1.2.3 Study Area ............................................................................................1-3 1.2.4 Scope of Work.......................................................................................1-3 1.2.5 Study Components and Sequence........................................................1-3 1.2.6 Reports .................................................................................................1-4 Chapter 2 Review of Master Plan and Establishment of Master Plan Framework.......................................................................2-1 2.1 Review of Master Plan......................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Water Master Plan 1977-1991...............................................................2-1 2.1.2 Mtwara-Lindi Rural Water Supply Project of 1977-1984 ........................2-1 2.1.3 Comparison between 1975 and 1984....................................................2-1 2.1.4 Water Master Plan in 1986....................................................................2-2 2.1.5 Update of Planning Criteria ...................................................................2-3 2.2 Establishment of Master Plan Framework ........................................................2-6 2.2.1 Objectives .............................................................................................2-6 2.2.2 Water Resources ..................................................................................2-6 2.2.3 Water Demand......................................................................................2-6 2.2.4 Institutional aspects...............................................................................2-7 - 1 - Chapter 3 Water Supply Sector................................................................3-1 3.1 Summary of Tanzanian Government’s Policy on Rural Water ..........................3-1 3.1.1 Water Supply.........................................................................................3-1 3.2 Investment Policy .............................................................................................3-4 3.3 Operation and Maintenance Policy...................................................................3-5 3.3.1 Operation and Maintenance in Urban Water Supply..............................3-5 3.3.2 Operation and Maintenance in Rural Water Supply...............................3-5 3.4 Water Supply Organizations.............................................................................3-6 3.4.1 Ministry of Water (MoW)........................................................................3-6 3.4.2 Regional Water Engineer’s Office (RWE)..............................................3-7 3.4.3 District Water Engineer’s Office (DWE) .................................................3-8 3.4.4 Village Water Committee (VWC) ...........................................................3-9 3.4.5 Private Sector......................................................................................3-10 3.5 Financial Status of Regional Administrations and Local Government .............3-15 3.5.1 Regional Administrations.....................................................................3-15 3.5.2 Local Government...............................................................................3-15 3.5.3 District Finances..................................................................................3-16 3.6 General Water Supply Conditions in the Study Area.......................................3-18 3.6.1 Rural Water Supply .............................................................................3-18 3.6.2 Diagnosis of Urban Water Supply........................................................3-27 3.7 Survey for Water Supply Facility Designing for Selected 100 Villages ............3-35 3.7.1 Field Surveys for Facility Design .........................................................3-35 3.7.2 Discussion with the Villagers on Facility Type .....................................3-45 3.7.3 Criteria for Facility Design ...................................................................3-45 Chapter 4 Socio-Economy in the Study Area .........................................4-1 4.1 General Feature of the Socio-Economy of the Area..........................................4-1 4.1.1 Methodology Used in Sample Village Survey ........................................4-1 4.1.2 Settlement Characteristics.....................................................................4-2 4.1.3 Institutional Developments ....................................................................4-3 4.1.4 Social Services......................................................................................4-4 4.1.5 Infrastructure.........................................................................................4-5 4.1.6 Enterprises in the Village.......................................................................4-6 4.1.7 Household Income ................................................................................4-8 4.2 Detailed Socio-Economic Survey in 100 Villages............................................4-10 4.2.1 Surveys on Household Economy.........................................................4-10 4.2.2 Socio-economic Profiles of Selected 100 Villages...............................4-11 - 2 - Chapter 5 Geology and Hydrogeology....................................................5-1 5.1 Geologic conditions of the Study Area..............................................................5-1 5.1.1 Pre-Cambrian basement rocks..............................................................5-1 5.1.2 Karoo Formations..................................................................................5-1 5.1.3 Mesozoic and Tertiary Sedimentary Formations....................................5-2 5.1.4 Recent Deposit......................................................................................5-2 5.2 Detailed Geological Survey ..............................................................................5-5 5.2.1 Aerial Photograph Interpretation and Field Geological Reconnaissance5-5 5.2.2 Geophysical Survey ..............................................................................5-7 5.2.3 Test Drilling and Pumping Tests............................................................5-8 5.2.4 Problem Villages for Groundwater Development .................................5-10 5.3 Groundwater Development Potential by Area.................................................5-22 Chapter 6 Water Qualities.........................................................................6-1 6.1 Sampling Points And Items of Analysis.............................................................6-1 6.2 Results of Water Quality Analysis.....................................................................6-4 6.2.1 General Results ....................................................................................6-4 6.2.2 Water Qualities by Different Water Sources ..........................................6-4 6.2.3 Zoning of Water Quality.........................................................................6-6 6.3 Water Quality Comprehensive Evaluation ......................................................6-19 6.3.1 Concept...............................................................................................6-19 6.3.2 Evaluation Criteria...............................................................................6-19 6.3.3 Factors................................................................................................6-20 6.3.4 Comprehensive Evaluation..................................................................6-21 Chapter 7 Pilot Study................................................................................7-1 7.1 Review of the Pilot Study in the Former JICA Study in the Central Plateau Area.....................................................................................................7-1 7.1.1 Pilot Scheme Sites in the Central Plateau Area.....................................7-1 7.1.2 Constructed Facility, its Condition and Suitability ..................................7-2 7.1.3 Operation Conditions of the Supply Facility and the Water Committee..7-3 7.2 Villages Chosen for Pilot Study Sites................................................................7-4 7.3 Supply Facilities Constructed for Pilot Study.....................................................7-5 7.3.1 Type of Facilities Constructed ...............................................................7-5 7.3.2 Community Participations during Construction Stage............................7-5 7.3.3 Performances of Local Contractors in Construction Works....................7-6 7.4 Educational Activities........................................................................................7-8
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