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An Overview of the European Tax Havens
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Maftei, Loredana Article An Overview of the European Tax Havens CES Working Papers Provided in Cooperation with: Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Suggested Citation: Maftei, Loredana (2013) : An Overview of the European Tax Havens, CES Working Papers, ISSN 2067-7693, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Centre for European Studies, Iasi, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, pp. 41-50 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/198228 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ www.econstor.eu AN OVERVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN TAX HAVENS Loredana Maftei* Abstract: In the actual context of economic globalization, tax havens represent a significant obstacle for global governments seeking to increase their fiscal incomes and a source of polarization of income and wealth. -
MR BONAVENTURA MONACO VIENNA MAY 14Th
MONACO ECONOMIC OUTLINE A Unique Economic Model > Tuesday, May 14th 2019 MONEGASQUES’ SINGULARITIES 2 KM2 > 37 308 Second smallest INHABITANTS country +5% 1297 POLITICAL STABILITY 139 > 8 378 NATIONALITIES CITIZENSHIPS 22% MONEGASQUES’ SINGULARITIES MONACO ECONOMIC MODEL ENGAGEMENT 1 International strategic partnerships 2 Develop expertise / Maintain Diversity / Liberal Approach to Business 3 Sustainable development the economy’s core ENVIRONNEMENT ECONOMIC GOWTHMODELECONOMIC Carbon Neutrality 0% by 2050 PILAR # 1: INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIG PARTNERSHIPS INTERNATIONAL TRADE 2 988 M € 52% GDP INT. REPRESENTATION GLOBAL PRESENCE ONU / € / OECD > 130 Intergovernmental agreements > 120 diplomatic relations A sovereignty linked to the world A strategic location with great commercial potential European Union 510 million consumers Mediterranean Basin 272 million consumers Africa Monaco st 1 commercial partner apart from Europe FOREIGN TRADE: 2000 EXPORTS 1500 1436,3 EXPORTATIONS 1355,5 • 73,7% Europe 1208,2 • 13,5% Africa 921,5 • 7,3% Asia 1000 872,2 842,2 866,2 753,2 • 4% America IMPORTATIONS • 1,6% Near & Far 500 East 119 IMPORTS 0 TRADE BALANCE 2014 2015 2016 2017 • 80% Europe • 9,4% Asia -366 • -500 -434 6,6% America -570,1 • 3,4% Africa • 0.5% Near &Far East -1000 Foreign trade- balance of trade in M € - Period 2014-2017 Sources: IMSEE – edition 2018 / Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (France) PILAR # 2: COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE • Rising knowhow in niche markets • Fostering diversification • Maintaining Balance INNOVATION Sectors of the Monegasque economy (as % of GDP) A diversified and balanced model within a liberal environment ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TOWARD INNOVATION IT +12% and still the best to come… STARTUP PROGRAM SMART PRINICPALITY INNOVATION AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION • Promote innovation, • Promote quality of life, • Create jobs and catalyze economic growth, • Deliver a new cycle of economic prosperity, • Strengthen local competitiveness. -
South Asians in Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes Rashmi Singla Roskilde University, [email protected]
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Papers from the International Association for Cross- IACCP Cultural Psychology Conferences 2009 South Asians in Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes Rashmi Singla Roskilde University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Singla, R. (2009). South Asians in Scandinavia: Diasporic identity processes. In G. Aikaterini & K. Mylonas (Eds.), Quod Erat Demonstrandum: From Herodotus’ ethnographic journeys to cross-cultural research: Proceedings from the 18th International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers/39/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the IACCP at ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. South Asians in Scandinavia: Diasporic Identity Processes Rashmi Singla, Roskilde University, Denmark, [email protected] This chapter1 probes selected social-psychological aspects for South Asian young adults in Denmark and is a follow up of a Danish project conducted in the mid-nineties. The diasporic conceptualizations in respect to human centeredness and cultural processes in migration combined with life course perspective, provide the theoretical framework for this study. In-depth interviews were employed, and information was analyzed through meaning condensation and subsequent categorization of the narratives. The results show the reinterpretation of the self, “others” and home in the diasporic families, for the parental as well as the young generation. The chapter also depicts the young adults’ diasporic identities involving the ancestral countries as well as the Scandinavian welfare societies. -
Arctic Species Trend Index 2010
Arctic Species Trend Index 2010Tracking Trends in Arctic Wildlife CAFF CBMP Report No. 20 discover the arctic species trend index: www.asti.is ARCTIC COUNCIL Acknowledgements CAFF Designated Agencies: • Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim, Norway • Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada • Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark) • Finnish Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland • Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland • The Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the Environmental Agency, the Government of Greenland • Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources, Moscow, Russia • Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden • United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska CAFF Permanent Participant Organisations: • Aleut International Association (AIA) • Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC) • Gwich’in Council International (GCI) • Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC) Greenland, Alaska and Canada • Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) • The Saami Council This publication should be cited as: Louise McRae, Christoph Zöckler, Michael Gill, Jonathan Loh, Julia Latham, Nicola Harrison, Jenny Martin and Ben Collen. 2010. Arctic Species Trend Index 2010: Tracking Trends in Arctic Wildlife. CAFF CBMP Report No. 20, CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri, Iceland. For more information please contact: CAFF International Secretariat Borgir, Nordurslod 600 Akureyri, Iceland Phone: +354 462-3350 Fax: +354 462-3390 Email: [email protected] Website: www.caff.is Design & Layout: Lily Gontard Cover photo courtesy of Joelle Taillon. March 2010 ___ CAFF Designated Area Report Authors: Louise McRae, Christoph Zöckler, Michael Gill, Jonathan Loh, Julia Latham, Nicola Harrison, Jenny Martin and Ben Collen This report was commissioned by the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) with funding provided by the Government of Canada. -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term -
No. 1 Demography and Health in Eastern Europe and Eurasia
Working Paper Series on the Transition Countries No. 1 DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH IN EASTERN EUROPE AND EURASIA Ayo Heinegg Robyn Melzig James Pickett and Ron Sprout June 2005 Program Office Bureau for Europe & Eurasia U.S. Agency for International Development 1 Demography and Health in Eastern Europe and Eurasia Ayo Heinegg Academy for Educational Development Email: [email protected] Robyn Melzig U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] James Pickett U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] Ron Sprout U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC Email: [email protected] Abstract: Eastern Europe and Eurasia is the only region worldwide experiencing a contraction in population, which stems from both a natural decrease in the population (i.e., crude death rates exceeding crude birth rates) and emigration. The highest crude death rates in the world are found among the transition countries; so too the lowest fertility rates. This study analyzes these trends and attempts to assess some of the underlying health factors behind them. The report also examines the evidence regarding migration patterns, both political aspects (including trends in refugees and internally displaced persons) and economic aspects (including remittances, urbanization, and brain drain). 2 USAID/E&E/PO Working Paper Series on the Transition Countries September 2006 No.1 Demography and Health (June 2005) No.2 Education (October 2005) No.3 Economic Reforms, Democracy, and Growth (November 2005) No.4 Monitoring Country Progress in 2006 (September 2006) No.5 Domestic Disparities (forthcoming) No.6 Labor Markets (forthcoming) No.7 Global Economic Integration (forthcoming) The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in these working papers are entirely those of the authors. -
Automatic Exchange of Information: Status of Commitments
As of 27 September 2021 AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION (AEOI): STATUS OF COMMITMENTS1 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES IN 2017 (49) Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus2, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Seychelles, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2018 (51) Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan3, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao, Dominica4, Greenland, Grenada, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Macau (China), Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Monaco, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue4, Pakistan3, Panama, Qatar, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sint Maarten4, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago4, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vanuatu JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2019 (2) Ghana3, Kuwait5 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2020 (3) Nigeria3, Oman5, Peru3 JURISDICTIONS UNDERTAKING FIRST EXCHANGES BY 2021 (3) Albania3, 7, Ecuador3, Kazakhstan6 -
American-Scandinavian Foundation, Midwest Office Records, 1969-1974
American-Scandinavian Foundation, Midwest Office records, 1969-1974 Size: 16 linear feet (23 boxes) Acquisition: The collection was transferred from the Special Collections at the Augustana College library to the Swenson Center in 1981. Access: The collection is open for research and a limited amount of copies can be requested via mail. Processed by: Christina Johansson Control Num.: SSIRC I/O:12 Historical Sketch The American-Scandinavian Foundation was founded in 1910 by Danish-American industrialist and philanthropist Niels Poulsen. The ASF is a publicly supported non-profit organization and engages in educational exchange between the United States and Scandinavia. It offers extensive fellowships, grants and trainee placements, as well as publishes and supports cultural events. ASF's main office is located in New York City and it is governed by a Board of Trustees made up by individuals from Scandinavia and the United States. The organization has donors, alumni and members worldwide. Its publication, The American Scandinavian Review, has been published since 1913. In 1969, the foundation enlisted John Norton to set up a regional office at Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois. Norton coordinated trainee placements, built membership, and developed a regional cultural programming. He was also responsible for seeking funding for programs presented at Scandinavian-American institutions in the Midwest. After two years at Augustana College, the Midwest office moved to Augsburg College in Minneapolis. The office remained at Augsburg until the fall of 1972, and was closed when Norton moved back to Moline, Illinois to resume his career with Deere & Company. During 1969-1972, the Midwest chapter added more than 1,000 new members, primarily through membership incentives connected with group travel to Scandinavia. -
The Permanent Neutrality Treaties
THE PERMANENTNEUTRALITY TREATIES The present European war has thrown into sharp relief the status of those smaller governments which, although in nowise shorn of attributes of sovereignty within their own borders, have nevertheless been placed by virtue of most solemn inter- national guarantees in a position of perpetual neutrality towards all other Powers. They are not to wage offensive warfare, nor, if the obligations resulting from these guarantees are faithfully observed, may their territories be in any degree the theatre of hostilities. While the chief examples of this peculiar status,- Belgium, Luxemburg and Switzerland,-are plainly, by reason of restricted area and population, in no condition to cope with the greater powers surrounding them, it is not alone their lack of size or strength that has marked them out for permanent neutrality or neutralization, but rather their essential relation to the map of Europe and the many conflicting interests innate in its geographical outlines which have seemed to make neces- sary their fixed withdrawal from plans of rivalry or territorial ambition and the creation in this manner of certain inter-spaces destined for peace whatever may be the fate of their more powerful neighbors. The precise conditions of such a neutrality are to be found in a long line of treaties and agreements comprising within their horizon a great variety of objects. For the purpose of the present examination, however, we shall lay out of detailed view all aspects of permanent neutrality save those attaching to the three governments just named since to consider the various phases of the subject would require much more space than that at the disposal of a single article. -
Multilingualism As a Cohesion Factor in the European Culture
MULTILINGUALISM AS A COHESION FACTOR IN THE EUROPEAN CULTURE 1. EUROPEAN LANGUAGES Many European languages have their origins in three Indo-European language groups: the Romance languages from the Latin of the Roman Empire; the Germanic languages, whose original language was spoken in Southern Scandinavia, and the Slavic languages, derived from the Protoslav branch, which existed for over 3000 years before evolving into a variety of other languages during the period between the VI-IX centuries AD1. In general, all the current languages in Europe settled during the Middle Ages. Until then, the various languages had evolved rapidly because there was only a small percentage of people who could read and write. With so few people being able to read, it was normal for languages to be passed from generation to generation orally, making its evolutional process more expedient than what it currently is today. Romance languages were, and still to this day are spoken mainly in Southwestern Europe and in Romania and Moldova (Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are Romance languages, as well as other languages that are not so widespread as Catalan or Sardinian). Germanic languages have their roots in Northern and Northwestern Europe, and in some areas of Central Europe; to this group belong German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic, as well as Frisian, which is considered a minority language. Slavic languages are spoken in Central Europe, the Balkans, Russia and West of Russia. Because the area suffered numerous invasions over several centuries, languages were strongly differentiated from each other, which is the reason for the current division into three distinct groups: Western, Eastern and Southern. -
MONICA MONACO Founder
EUROPEAN REGULATORY CHANGES IN PAYMENTS: HOW IS THE “SAME • As for credit transfers, when a currency conversion CHARGES” RULE CHANGING IN EUROPE AND HOW WILL DYNAMIC CURRENCY service is offered by the payer’s payment service provider CONVERSION SERVICES BE OFFERED? in relation to a credit transfer that is initiated online directly at the website or at the application of the The European Parliament and the Council reached Building up on PSD2’s requirements in article 45 payment service provider, the payment service a political agreement on 19 December 2018 on (1c and 1d) for the transparency of charges and of provider shall inform the payer, in a clear, neutral and a Commission proposal to review and amend exchange rates prior to the transaction – on the side comprehensible manner, of the estimated charges for Regulation (EC) No 924/2009 covering charges on of Payment Services Providers (PSPs) – and on article currency conversion services applicable to the credit cross-border payments in the Union and currency 59 (2) for information from DCC providers at Point transfer prior to the initiation of the transaction. Moreover, conversion charges. The proposal was published by of Sale and ATMs, the new regulation allows for the payment service provider shall disclose the estimated the European Commission as recently as 28 March comparability between DCC and non-DCC for total amount of the credit transfer in the currency of 2018, which makes the agreement reached on the the payment service user. This is achieved through the payer’s account, including any transaction fee text in December the result of a fairly quick, nine- the following measures: and any currency conversion charges. -
Travail, Brussels, for a Preliminary Ruling in the Action Pending Before That Court Between
JUDGMENT OF 22.6.1972 — CASE 1/72 wage-earners or assimilated workers rocal agreement with the Member State who have worked for periods of time of which that worker is a national since in that State and are entitled to a pen such a condition is incompatible with sion there. the rule of equality of treatment which The grant of such a benefit to a foreign is one of the fundamental principles of worker who fulfils these conditions can Community law. not depend on the existence of a recip- In Case 1/72 Reference to the Court under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty by the Tribunal du Travail, Brussels, for a preliminary ruling in the action pending before that court between Rita Frilli, residing at Brussels, and Belgian State on the interpretation of Article 7(2) of Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 of the Council of 15 October 1968 on freedom of movement for workers within the Community and Article 2(1) and (3) of Regulation No 3 of the Council of 25 September 1958 concerning social security for migrant workers, in relation to the Belgian Law of 1 April 1969 establishing a guaranteed income for old people, THE COURT composed of: R. Lecourt, President, J. Mertens de Wilmars, President of Chamber, A. M. Donner, R. Monaco and P. Pescatore (Rapporteur), Judges, Advocate-General: H. Mayras Registrar: A. Van Houtte gives the following 458 FRILLI v BELGIUM JUDGMENT Issues of fact and of law I — Facts and procedure On 16 December 1971, further to the ar guments put forward at the hearing on 18 Mrs Rita Frilli, an Italian national, born November 1971, the Tribunal du Travail, on 29 March 1908, was employed in Bel Brussels, Eleventh Chamber, decided to gium in 1966 and 1967 and has continued request the Court of Justice for a prelimi to reside there.