DOCSLIB.ORG

Bio 220 Course Title:-Fisheries and Wildlife

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bio 220 Course Title:-Fisheries and Wildlife NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE:-BIO 220 COURSE TITLE:-FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE BIO 220 COURSE GUIDE COURSE GUIDE BIO 220 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Course Writers/Developers Dr. A.A. Alarape and Sololu A.O. Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria Programme Leader Professor A. Adebanjo National Open University of Nigeria Course Coordinator Dr. N.E. Mundi National Open University of Nigeria NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii BIO 220 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja Nigeria e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2009 ISBN: 978-058-055-7 All Rights Reserved iii BIO 220 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction…………………………………….……….……. 1 The Course…………………………………………………….. 1 Course Aims…………………………………………………… 1 Course Objectives……………………………………………… 2 Working through this Course…………………...……………… 3 Course Materials……………………………….……………….. 3 Study Units………………………………….………………….. 4 Textbooks and References……………………..………………. 5 Assessment…………...………………………………………… 5 Tutor-Marked Assignment …………………………………….. 5 Final Examination and Grading…………….………………….. 6 Course Overview………………………….……………………. 6 How to Get the Most of this Course ……………………………. 7 Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials………………………………… 9 Summary ………………………………………………………… 9 iv Introduction Aquaculture has been identified as the panacea to the increasing demand for food fish all over the world. The case about Nigeria is not different in terms of the aquaculture industry leading to proliferation of fish farms across the country which is mostly self-subsistence with few having hatchery facilities. The wildlife aspect gives short descriptions of some of our most important wild animal species which include mammals, birds, and reptiles. The content of this course shall guide the students as well as practicing fish farmers, aquaculturists and wildlife professionals in having better understanding of their business and profession. The Course This course Guide tells you briefly what to expect from reading this material which bothers on fisheries and wildlife management. The study of fishery resources and its management is of immense benefit to a nation’s economy which is environmentally related. However, the growth of aquaculture as a practical way of fish farming in Nigeria is faced with myriads of problems slowing down its pace thereby given great concern to aquaculturists. The importance of fish identification can not be overemphasised in the study of fish and for taxonomic purposes. The rudiment of basic anatomy is essential for accurately identifying fish in the field. The majority of species are readily identifiable through mouth orientation, finnage and coloration, all these and many other features used in identifying fish are discussed in this module. As part of problems facing aquaculture, many new hatcheries are springing up most especially around the south-western part of Nigeria towards bridging the gap between fish seed availability and fish farmers need for stocking their ponds. This course guide shall explain further on this aspect and also discuss in detail the right approach to fish farm planning and design. The best approach in feed formulation is to use high-quality feedstuffs to manufacture a diet that meets the nutritional and energy requirements of the aquaculture species in question. If a portion or all of the fishmeal in a diet can be replaced successfully BIO 220 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE with other high-quality protein sources, doing so will contribute greatly towards protecting the surrounding environment and promoting a sustainable aquaculture industry. Within commercial fish farming operations it is also of importance that feed producers are able to deliver a high and consistent pellet quality. Good water quality management is a pivot upon which a successful aquaculture programme rests. Regardless of the approach to the culture system adopted, ammonia, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite, pH, and alkalinity are major water quality parameters that should be measured on a daily basis. Poor water quality can cause massive fish kills. It is often a major factor contributing to fish disease and parasite infection. Water quality does not remain constant. Diseases occur despite the best preventive efforts. Detecting the diseases as soon as possible is vital. The best way to detect diseases at their onset is by watching the fish feed. After a successful fish production cycle, harvesting is another tasking exercise which is carried out in order to get the fish ready for sales. There are lots of principles of economics at work in the market analysis of fish and fish products such as demand and supply forces which have effects on the overall success of the activity. Relevance of fish processing and post harvest activity to the aquaculture industry is also elaborated. In the wildlife section, various wildlife species are discussed and their economic values enumerated. They are grouped into a number of orders. All the members of an order have a number of characteristic features common to them (with which they are grouped into families). Within each family there are many species and in the case of the large mammals each species has a familiar name. Three well-known species in the order Carnivora (Carnivores) are the Lion (Panthera leo), the Leopard (Panthera pardus) and the Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Three well-known members of the order Rodentia are the grass-cutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), the giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) and the Gambian sun squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus). Animals of each species breed together and produce young ones like themselves. Mating between two different species (Cross-breeding) seldom happens in nature. Course Aims ii BIO 220 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE This course aims at providing basic understanding about fish. Capture fisheries and aquaculture are linked and are both contributing immensely to the supply of food fish as a cheap source of protein in human diet and fishery products for industrial usage. Production and management of fish and wildlife are concisely explained. Course Objectives In addition to the aims above, this course set to achieve some objectives. After going through this course, you should be able to: • Understand the major constraints to the realisation of maximum utilisation of fishery resources to meet increasing demand for fish as well as wildlife management. • Identify common fish species using basic structures and classify wildlife species into their respective families and orders. • Know different kinds of aquatic environment viz: freshwater, brackish water and marine water, and their relevance to fish and wildlife ecology. • Understand practical ways of ensuring sustainable fish production in Nigeria. • Link water quality management in aquaculture with types of feed used and feeding practices. • Understand the importance of wildlife management and conservation to a nation’s economy. • Identify common wildlife species in Nigeria using their common features. • Understand the biology of different types of wildlife species in relation to their habitat. Working through the Course A great effort was put into developing this course thereby enriching it with a lot of useful information. This accounts for why you would find it an irresistible companion both in this class and for field purposes. However, it requires that concerted effort is made in reading through this material for appreciating the effort in a commensurable manner so you would be required to spend a lot of time to read it. You are also encouraged to work through and practice all assignments contained in this material. Course Materials You will be provided with the following materials iii BIO 220 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Course guide and study units. In addition, the course comes with a list of recommended textbooks which though are not compulsory for you to acquire or indeed read, are necessary as supplements to the course material. Study Units The following table presents the study units contained in this course which is expected to be covered in 12 weeks: Module 1 Unit 1 Present Status of Fisheries in Nigeria Unit 2 Morphology and Basic Structure of Fishes Unit 3 Morphology and Basic Structure of Fishes Unit 4 Adaptation of Organisms to Aquatic Life and Evolution Unit 5 Fundamental Principles of Fish Production and Management Module 2 Unit 1 Ways of Ensuring Sustainable Fish Production in Nigeria Unit 2 Fishery Biodiversity Conservation Unit 3 Water Quality Management in Aquaculture Unit 4 Understanding Fish Nutrition, Feeds and Feeding Unit 5 Fish Diseases and Management Module 3 Unit 1 Post Harvest Handling of Fish and Marketing Unit 2 General Knowledge and Fisheries Management Unit 3 Wildlife Management in Nigeria Unit 4 Principles of Wildlife Management Unit 5 Orders of Nigerian Mammals Module 4 Unit 1 Order Rodentia Unit 2 Order Carnivora and Perissodactyla Unit 3 Order Artiodactyla Unit 4 Primates and Proboscidea Unit 5 Insectivora, Chiroptera, Pholidota, Lagomorpha, Reptiles and Birds iv BIO 220 FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Textbooks and References More recent editions of these books are recommended for further reading. Ajayi, S. S. and Milligan, K. R. N. (1975). The Wildlife of Nigeria: A Guide to Yankari and Borgu Game Reserves. Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sardinella Maderensis) in the South of Atlantic Moroccan Coast
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 24(7): 73 – 91 (2020) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Diet composition of round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and flat sardinella (Sardinella maderensis) in the south of Atlantic Moroccan coast Ayoub Baali 1*, Khalil Chahdi Ouazzani 2, Feirouz Touhami 2, Ahmed El-Achi 1,3 and Khadija Amenzoui 1 1Department of fisheries, Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Morocco. 2Department of biology; Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Ibn Battouta Avenue, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco. 3Laboratoire d’Equipe d’Analyse Environnementale, Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The feeding of round sardinella (Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847) Received: July 24, 2020 and flat sardinella (Sardinella maderensis Lowe, 1938) was investigated in Accepted: Sept. 27, 2020 the south of the Moroccan Atlantic coast from February 2015 to January Online: Oct. 7, 2020 2016. Several indices were estimated to figure out the diet composition of _______________ Sardinella spp. Thusly; the vacuity index was low for both species, which indicates a high availability of food in the study area. The crustaceans were Keywords: the main prey headed by the copepods which were the most abundant prey Sardinella aurita, item throughout the year whereas the detritus was mainly present in winter Sardinella maderensis, and spring. The variation of the index of relative importance (IRI) Diet, depending on the size of Sardinella spp. has shown that the small Feeding ecology, individuals have a different dietary preference than large individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • European Anchovy Engraulis Encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) From
    European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Annaba, east Algeria: age, growth, spawning period, condition factor and mortality Nadira Benchikh, Assia Diaf, Souad Ladaimia, Fatma Z. Bouhali, Amina Dahel, Abdallah B. Djebar Laboratory of Ecobiology of Marine and Littoral Environments, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria. Corresponding author: N. Benchikh, [email protected] Abstract. Age, growth, spawning period, condition factor and mortality were determined in the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus populated the Gulf of Annaba, east Algeria. The age structure of the total population is composed of 59.1% females, 33.5% males and 7.4% undetermined. The size frequency distribution method shows the existence of 4 cohorts with lengths ranging from 8.87 to 16.56 cm with a predominance of age group 3 which represents 69.73% followed by groups 4, 2 and 1 with respectively 19.73, 9.66 and 0.88%. The VONBIT software package allowed us to estimate the growth parameters: asymptotic length L∞ = 17.89 cm, growth rate K = 0.6 year-1 and t0 = -0.008. The theoretical maximum age or tmax is 4.92 years. The height-weight relationship shows that growth for the total population is a major allometry. Spawning takes place in May, with a gonado-somatic index (GSI) of 4.28% and an annual mean condition factor (K) of 0.72. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) are 2.31, 0.56 and 1.75 year-1 respectively, with exploitation rate E = F/Z is 0.76 is higher than the optimal exploitation level of 0.5.
    [Show full text]
  • §4-71-6.5 LIST of CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF CONDITIONALLY APPROVED ANIMALS November 28, 2006 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Plesiopora FAMILY Tubificidae Tubifex (all species in genus) worm, tubifex PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Crustacea ORDER Anostraca FAMILY Artemiidae Artemia (all species in genus) shrimp, brine ORDER Cladocera FAMILY Daphnidae Daphnia (all species in genus) flea, water ORDER Decapoda FAMILY Atelecyclidae Erimacrus isenbeckii crab, horsehair FAMILY Cancridae Cancer antennarius crab, California rock Cancer anthonyi crab, yellowstone Cancer borealis crab, Jonah Cancer magister crab, dungeness Cancer productus crab, rock (red) FAMILY Geryonidae Geryon affinis crab, golden FAMILY Lithodidae Paralithodes camtschatica crab, Alaskan king FAMILY Majidae Chionocetes bairdi crab, snow Chionocetes opilio crab, snow 1 CONDITIONAL ANIMAL LIST §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Chionocetes tanneri crab, snow FAMILY Nephropidae Homarus (all species in genus) lobster, true FAMILY Palaemonidae Macrobrachium lar shrimp, freshwater Macrobrachium rosenbergi prawn, giant long-legged FAMILY Palinuridae Jasus (all species in genus) crayfish, saltwater; lobster Panulirus argus lobster, Atlantic spiny Panulirus longipes femoristriga crayfish, saltwater Panulirus pencillatus lobster, spiny FAMILY Portunidae Callinectes sapidus crab, blue Scylla serrata crab, Samoan; serrate, swimming FAMILY Raninidae Ranina ranina crab, spanner; red frog, Hawaiian CLASS Insecta ORDER Coleoptera FAMILY Tenebrionidae Tenebrio molitor mealworm,
    [Show full text]
  • Odia: Dhudhiya Magara / Sorrah Magara / Haladia Magara
    FISH AND SHELLFISH DIVERSITY AND ITS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN CHILIKA LAKE V. R. Suresh, S. K. Mohanty, R. K. Manna, K. S. Bhatta M. Mukherjee, S. K. Karna, A. P. Sharma, B. K. Das A. K. Pattnaik, Susanta Nanda & S. Lenka 2018 ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Barrackpore, Kolkata - 700 120 (India) & Chilika Development Authority C- 11, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar- 751 014 (India) FISH AND SHELLFISH DIVERSITY AND ITS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT IN CHILIKA LAKE V. R. Suresh, S. K. Mohanty, R. K. Manna, K. S. Bhatta, M. Mukherjee, S. K. Karna, A. P. Sharma, B. K. Das, A. K. Pattnaik, Susanta Nanda & S. Lenka Photo editing: Sujit Choudhury and Manavendra Roy ISBN: 978-81-938914-0-7 Citation: Suresh, et al. 2018. Fish and shellfish diversity and its sustainable management in Chilika lake, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata and Chilika Development Authority, Bhubaneswar. 376p. Copyright: © 2018. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore, Kolkata and Chilika Development Authority, C-11, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holders. Photo credits: Sujit Choudhury, Manavendra Roy, S. K. Mohanty, R. K. Manna, V. R. Suresh, S. K. Karna, M. Mukherjee and Abdul Rasid Published by: Chief Executive Chilika Development Authority C-11, BJB Nagar, Bhubaneswar-751 014 (Odisha) Cover design by: S. K. Mohanty Designed and printed by: S J Technotrade Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Hidden Diversity and Taxonomic Conflicts in Five Stream Fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands Freshwater Ecoregion
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 768: 69–95Evidence (2018) of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes... 69 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.768.21944 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion Albert Chakona1,2, Wilbert T. Kadye2, Taurai Bere3, Daniel N. Mazungula1,2, Emmanuel Vreven4,5 1 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa, 6140 2 Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa, 6140 3 School of Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe 4 Royal Museum for Central Africa, Section of Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080, Tervuren, Belgium 5 KU Leuven, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutio- nary Genomics, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Corresponding author: Albert Chakona ([email protected]) Academic editor: N. Bogutskaya | Received 30 October 2018 | Accepted 25 April 2018 | Published 19 June 2018 http://zoobank.org/9621930C-8C43-40D0-8554-684035E99FAA Citation: Chakona A, Kadye WT, Bere T, Mazungula DN, Vreven E (2018) Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion. ZooKeys 768: 69–95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.21944 Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • 126-1^2 on SOME INTERESTING and NEW RECORDS of MARINE FISHES from INDIA* Central Marine F
    i. Mar. biol Ass. tndia, 1968, 10 (1): 126-1^2 ON SOME INTERESTING AND NEW RECORDS OF MARINE FISHES FROM INDIA* By V. SRIRAMACHANDRA MURTY Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp WHILE examining the fish landings by shore seines and trawl nets at various fishing centres along the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar in the vicinity of Mandapam the author came across several specimens of Drepane longimana (Bloch and Schneider) which is little known and Drepane punctata (Linnaeus) which was recognised as the only valid species of the genus Drepane, A study of these specimens has shown that these two species are distinct as shown by some authors (vide Text). A brief com­ parative account of these two species is given in this paper, along with a few remarks and key to distinguish the two species. The author has also been able to collect specimens of Platycephalus isacanthus Cuvier from the above catches, and a single specimen of Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker) from the inshore waters of Gulf of Mannar caught in dragnet, whose occurrence, in Indian seas, is so far not known. Brief descriptions of these two species are also given in this paper. Family; DREPANIDAE Drepane longimana (Bloch and Schneider) This species was first described by its authors from Tranquebar. Cuvier and Valenciennes (1831) studied the specimens of the genus Drepane, both morphologi­ cally and anatomically and distinguished the two species D. longimana (Bloch and Schneider) and D. punctata (Linnaeus). Cantor (1850) also recognised the two species as valid. But subsequently Gunther (1860), Bleeker (1877) and Day (1878) recognised D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Skull and the Cephalic Muscles: a Comparative Study of Their Development and Adult Morphology
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Leighton Kesteven, H., 1943. The evolution of the skull and the cephalic muscles: a comparative study of their development and adult morphology. Part I. The fishes (continued). Australian Museum Memoir 8(2): 63–132. [30 June 1943]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1967.8.1943.510 ISSN 0067-1967 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney nature culture discover Australian Museum science is freely accessible online at http://publications.australianmuseum.net.au 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia THE EVOLUTION OF THE·SKULL-KESTEVEN. 63 The resemblance in origins in these examples might suggest homology with the holocepha.lan muscles. On the other hand, the levatermaxillae superioris lies, always,· caudad or superficial to· the R.maxillarisV., whilst these [email protected] muscles lie rostrad and deep to that nerve. The development of the levator maxillae superioris from the upper portion of the mandibular muscle plate appears to render it quite impossible that the muscle should acquire a situation rostrad and deep. to this nerve. For the present, the most that Clm be said is that thet>e muscles are derived from the same part of the muscle plate as thepterygoidens. The pterygoideus. That this is the homologue·.of the pterygoideus of the plagiostomes seems to be quite satisfactorily proven by its relation to the mandibular and maxillary rami of the Vth nerve, and by a comparison with the pterygoideusmuscle in Chiloscyllium. The quadrato-mandibularis muscle lying behind the pterygoideus, with the nerve between them, is very much reduced and would appear to represent .the pars posterior only of the plagiostome muscle.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Ecology of Sardines in the Philippines: a Review
    Biology and Ecology of Sardines in the Philippines: A Review Demian A. Willette 1,2 , Eunice D.C. Bognot 2, Ma. Theresa M.Mutia 3, and Mudjekeewis D. Santos 2 1 CT-PIRE Philippines, Old Dominion University, United States of America 2 National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City, Philippines 3 Fisheries Biological Research Centre, Batangas, Philippines REVIEWERS: Stanley Swerdloff, Ph.D Sr. Fisheries Advisor GEM Program Damosa Business Center, Anglionto St Davao City 8000, Philippines [email protected] Kerry Reeves, Ph.D Office of Energy and Environment USAID Philippines Email: [email protected] Tel: +63 2 552 9822 Kent E. Carpenter, Ph.D Professor Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266 USA & Global Marine Species Assessment Coordinator IUCN/CI/:http://www.sci.odu. edu/gmsa/ Coral Triangle PIRE project: www.sci.odu.edu/impa/ctpire. html Office Phone: (757) 683-4197 Fax: (757) 683-5283 Email: [email protected] http://sci.odu.edu/biology/ directory/kent.shtml COVER DESIGN BY: HEHERSON G. BAUN Abstract Sardines (Clupeidae) make up a substantial proportion of the fish catch across the Philippines and consequently are the most accessible source of animal protein for millions of Filipinos. Further, this fishery is an economic engine providing thousands of jobs and generating revenue at the individual, municipal, and national levels. Ecologically, sardines are basally positioned in a food web that supports pelagic tuna and mackerel, as well as numerous sea birds and marine mammals. Philippine sardine biodiversity is among the highest in the world and includes the only known freshwater sardine species.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1.Xlsx
    Bone type Bone type Taxonomy Order/series Family Valid binomial Outdated binomial Notes Reference(s) (skeletal bone) (scales) Actinopterygii Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Incertae sedis †Birgeria stensioei cellular this study †Birgeria groenlandica cellular Ørvig, 1978 †Eurynotus crenatus cellular Goodrich, 1907; Schultze, 2016 †Mimipiscis toombsi †Mimia toombsi cellular Richter & Smith, 1995 †Moythomasia sp. cellular cellular Sire et al., 2009; Schultze, 2016 †Cheirolepidiformes †Cheirolepididae †Cheirolepis canadensis cellular cellular Goodrich, 1907; Sire et al., 2009; Zylberberg et al., 2016; Meunier et al. 2018a; this study Cladistia Polypteriformes Polypteridae †Bawitius sp. cellular Meunier et al., 2016 †Dajetella sudamericana cellular cellular Gayet & Meunier, 1992 Erpetoichthys calabaricus Calamoichthys sp. cellular Moss, 1961a; this study †Pollia suarezi cellular cellular Meunier & Gayet, 1996 Polypterus bichir cellular cellular Kölliker, 1859; Stéphan, 1900; Goodrich, 1907; Ørvig, 1978 Polypterus delhezi cellular this study Polypterus ornatipinnis cellular Totland et al., 2011 Polypterus senegalus cellular Sire et al., 2009 Polypterus sp. cellular Moss, 1961a †Scanilepis sp. cellular Sire et al., 2009 †Scanilepis dubia cellular cellular Ørvig, 1978 †Saurichthyiformes †Saurichthyidae †Saurichthys sp. cellular Scheyer et al., 2014 Chondrostei †Chondrosteiformes †Chondrosteidae †Chondrosteus acipenseroides cellular this study Acipenseriformes Acipenseridae Acipenser baerii cellular Leprévost et al., 2017 Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Nile Technical Regional
    TRANSBOUNDARY ANALYSIS COUNTRY REPORT EGYPT September 2006 WATERSHED MANAGMENT CRA CONTENTS ACCRONYMS....................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................... vii 1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Primary Objectives of the Watershed Management CRA ....................... 2 1.3 The Scope and Elements of Sustainable Watershed Management ........ 3 1.3.1 Watersheds and River Basins 3 1.3.2 Concepts and Approaches to "Watershed Management" 4 1.3.3 Approach Adopted to the Eastern Nile Watershed Management CRA 6 1.4 Scope and Purpose of the Transboundary Analysis Country Report ...... 7 1.5 Overview of Situation and Issues ........................................................... 8 2. NATIONAL SETTING – EGYPT ..................................................................... 10 2.1. Role of the agriculture sector: ................................................................... 10 2.2. Agricultural Economic Resources: ............................................................ 10 2.2.1. Water Resources: 11 2.2.2 Potentials of Developing Egypt’s Water Resources: 13 2.2.3 Land Resources: 14 2.2.4 Forest Resources 15 2.3 Human Resources: .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AN ECOLOGICAL and SYSTEMATIC SURVEY of FISHES in the RAPIDS of the LOWER ZA.Fre OR CONGO RIVER
    AN ECOLOGICAL AND SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF FISHES IN THE RAPIDS OF THE LOWER ZA.fRE OR CONGO RIVER TYSON R. ROBERTS1 and DONALD J. STEWART2 CONTENTS the rapids habitats, and the adaptations and mode of reproduction of the fishes discussed. Abstract ______________ ----------------------------------------------- 239 Nineteen new species are described from the Acknowledgments ----------------------------------- 240 Lower Zaire rapids, belonging to the genera Introduction _______________________________________________ 240 Mormyrus, Alestes, Labeo, Bagrus, Chrysichthys, Limnology ---------------------------------------------------------- 242 Notoglanidium, Gymnallabes, Chiloglanis, Lampro­ Collecting Methods and Localities __________________ 244 logus, Nanochromis, Steatocranus, Teleogramma, Tabulation of species ---------------------------------------- 249 and Mastacembelus, most of them with obvious Systematics -------------------------------------------------------- 249 modifications for life in the rapids. Caecomasta­ Campylomormyrus _______________ 255 cembelus is placed in the synonymy of Mastacem­ M ormyrus ____ --------------------------------- _______________ 268 belus, and morphologically intermediate hybrids Alestes __________________ _________________ 270 reported between blind, depigmented Mastacem­ Bryconaethiops -------------------------------------------- 271 belus brichardi and normally eyed, darkly pig­ Labeo ---------------------------------------------------- _______ 274 mented M astacembelus brachyrhinus. The genera Bagrus
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 12(3): 451-564, 2014 Copyright © 2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20120027 Phylogenetic relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) José L. O. Birindelli A phylogenetic analysis based on 311 morphological characters is presented for most species of the Doradidae, all genera of the Auchenipteridae, and representatives of 16 other catfish families. The hypothesis that was derived from the six most parsimonious trees support the monophyly of the South American Doradoidea (Doradidae plus Auchenipteridae), as well as the monophyly of the clade Doradoidea plus the African Mochokidae. In addition, the clade with Sisoroidea plus Aspredinidae was considered sister to Doradoidea plus Mochokidae. Within the Auchenipteridae, the results support the monophyly of the Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The latter is composed of Tocantinsia, and four monophyletic units, two small with Asterophysus and Liosomadoras, and Pseudotatia and Pseudauchenipterus, respectively, and two large ones with the remaining genera. Within the Doradidae, parsimony analysis recovered Wertheimeria as sister to Kalyptodoras, composing a clade sister to all remaining doradids, which include Franciscodoras and two monophyletic groups: Astrodoradinae (plus Acanthodoras and Agamyxis) and Doradinae (new arrangement). Wertheimerinae, new subfamily, is described for Kalyptodoras and Wertheimeria. Doradinae is corroborated as monophyletic and composed of four groups, one including Centrochir and Platydoras, the other with the large-size species of doradids (except Oxydoras), another with Orinocodoras, Rhinodoras, and Rhynchodoras, and another with Oxydoras plus all the fimbriate-barbel doradids. Based on the results, the species of Opsodoras are included in Hemidoras; and Tenellus, new genus, is described to include Nemadoras trimaculatus, N.
    [Show full text]