I. TOTAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE VOLUME, April 2006 Millions of U.S
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Argentina's Economic Crisis
Updated January 28, 2020 Argentina’s Economic Crisis Argentina is grappling with a serious economic crisis. Its Meanwhile, capital inflows into the country to finance the currency, the peso, has lost two-thirds of its value since deficit contributed to an overvaluation of the peso, by 10- 2018; inflation is hovering around 30%; and since 2015 the 25%. This overvaluation also exacerbated Argentina’s economy has contracted by about 4% and its external debt current account deficit (a broad measure of the trade has increased by 60%. In June 2018, the Argentine balance), which increased from 2.7% of GDP in 2016 to government turned to the International Monetary Fund 4.8% of GDP in 2017. (IMF) for support and currently has a $57 billion IMF program, the largest program (in dollar terms) in IMF Crisis and Initial Policy Response history. Despite these resources, the government in late Argentina’s increasing reliance on external financing to August and early September 2019 postponed payments on fund its budget and current account deficits left it some of its debts and imposed currency controls. vulnerable to changes in the cost or availability of financing. Starting in late 2017, several factors created In the October 2019 general election, the center-right problems for Argentina’s economy: the U.S. Federal incumbent President Mauricio Macri lost to the center-left Reserve (Fed) began raising interest rates, reducing investor Peronist ticket of Alberto Fernández for president and interest in Argentine bonds; the Argentine central bank former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner for vice reset its inflation targets, raising questions about its president. -
View Currency List
Currency List business.westernunion.com.au CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING Africa Asia continued Middle East Algerian Dinar – DZD Laos Kip – LAK Bahrain Dinar – BHD Angola Kwanza – AOA Macau Pataca – MOP Israeli Shekel – ILS Botswana Pula – BWP Malaysian Ringgit – MYR Jordanian Dinar – JOD Burundi Franc – BIF Maldives Rufiyaa – MVR Kuwaiti Dinar – KWD Cape Verde Escudo – CVE Nepal Rupee – NPR Lebanese Pound – LBP Central African States – XOF Pakistan Rupee – PKR Omani Rial – OMR Central African States – XAF Philippine Peso – PHP Qatari Rial – QAR Comoros Franc – KMF Singapore Dollar – SGD Saudi Arabian Riyal – SAR Djibouti Franc – DJF Sri Lanka Rupee – LKR Turkish Lira – TRY Egyptian Pound – EGP Taiwanese Dollar – TWD UAE Dirham – AED Eritrea Nakfa – ERN Thai Baht – THB Yemeni Rial – YER Ethiopia Birr – ETB Uzbekistan Sum – UZS North America Gambian Dalasi – GMD Vietnamese Dong – VND Canadian Dollar – CAD Ghanian Cedi – GHS Oceania Mexican Peso – MXN Guinea Republic Franc – GNF Australian Dollar – AUD United States Dollar – USD Kenyan Shilling – KES Fiji Dollar – FJD South and Central America, The Caribbean Lesotho Malati – LSL New Zealand Dollar – NZD Argentine Peso – ARS Madagascar Ariary – MGA Papua New Guinea Kina – PGK Bahamian Dollar – BSD Malawi Kwacha – MWK Samoan Tala – WST Barbados Dollar – BBD Mauritanian Ouguiya – MRO Solomon Islands Dollar – -
Colombian Peso Forecast Special Edition Nov
Friday Nov. 4, 2016 Nov. 4, 2016 Mexican Peso Outlook Is Bleak With or Without Trump Buyside View By George Lei, Bloomberg First Word The peso may look historically very cheap, but weak fundamentals will probably prevent "We're increasingly much appreciation, regardless of who wins the U.S. election. concerned about the The embattled currency hit a three-week low Nov. 1 after a poll showed Republican difference between PDVSA candidate Donald Trump narrowly ahead a week before the vote. A Trump victory and Venezuela. There's a could further bruise the peso, but Hillary Clinton wouldn't do much to reverse 26 scenario where PDVSA percent undervaluation of the real effective exchange rate compared to the 20-year average. doesn't get paid as much as The combination of lower oil prices, falling domestic crude production, tepid economic Venezuela." growth and a rising debt-to-GDP ratio are key challenges Mexico must address, even if — Robert Koenigsberger, CIO at Gramercy a status quo in U.S. trade relations is preserved. Oil and related revenues contribute to Funds Management about one third of Mexico's budget and output is at a 32-year low. Economic growth is forecast at 2.07 percent in 2016 and 2.26 percent in 2017, according to a Nov. 1 central bank survey. This is lower than potential GDP growth, What to Watch generally considered at or slightly below 3 percent. To make matters worse, Central Banks Deputy Governor Manuel Sanchez said Oct. Nov. 9: Mexico's CPI 21 that the GDP outlook has downside risks and that the government must urgently Nov. -
Macroeconomic Situation Food Prices and Consumption
Dr. Eugenia Muchnik, Manager Agroindustrial Dept., Fundacion Chile, Santiago, Chile Loreto Infante, Agricultural Economist, Assistant CHILE Tomas Borzutzky; Agricultural Economist, Agroindustrial Dept., Fundacion Chile Macroeconomic Situation price index had a -1 percent reduction. Inflation rates and food price fter 2000, in which the Chilean economy exhibited increases are not expected to differ much during 2003 unless there are an encouraging growth rate of 5.4 percent, 2001 unexpected external shocks. The proximity of Argentina and the showed a slowdown, reaching a rate of 2.8 percent, reduction of its export prices as a result of a drastic devaluation may in with growth led by fisheries and energy. Agricultural fact result in price reductions; prices of agricultural inputs have been AGDP grew by 4.7 percent, double the average growth declining, while there are no reasons to expect important changes in rate for the economy as a whole. On the low end of the spectrum, the Chilean real exchange rate. manufacturing experienced a negative growth of -0.3 percent, and in general, the slowest economic growth took place in sectors more dependent on the behavior of domestic demand. There were two Food Processing and Marketing events that took place in the second half of 2001 that changed the At present, the most dynamic sectors in the food processing industry external scenario of the global economy, increasing uncertainty in are wine production and the manufacture of meats and dairy products. financial markets and reducing global growth: the terrorist attacks of In the wine industry, as a result of the rapid expansion of vineyard September 11 and the rapid deterioration of Argentina’s economy. -
Chile: a Macroeconomic Analysis Lee Moore Jose Stevenson Rico X
Chile: A Macroeconomic Analysis Lee Moore Jose Stevenson Rico X I. Chile: A Macroeconomic Success Story In the last decade, Chile has gained a reputation as one of the most stable economies in Latin America. It has implemented a set of fiscal and monetary policies that encourage privatization, focus on exports, encourage high levels of foreign trade and generally promote stabilization. These policies seem to have worked very well for the country, evidenced by steady and sometimes very high growth rates. From 1985-2000, GDP growth averaged 6.6%. Chile is also famous for its privatized pension system, which has been a model for other Latin American countries, and countries around the world. Workers invest their pensions in domestic markets, which has added roughly $36 billion into the economy, a significant source of investment capital for the stock market.1 Chile experienced a slight recession in 1998-99, due to shocks from the Asian financial crisis of 1997. With increasing unemployment and inflation rates, Chile struggled to maintain its policy of keeping the peso fixed to the US dollar within a band width of 25%.2 In September of 1999, Chile let its peso float, increasing its leeway in monetary policy decisions. Below is a brief history of the macroeconomic indicators, leading up to and beyond the floatation policy, which played a significant role in shaping Chile’s recent economy. Figure 1: Chile’s Real GDP (’96-01) II. Recent Macroeconomic Performance Chile's Real GDP GDP: After a steadily increasing GDP throughout the 80’s and 90’s, Chile’s GDP 37,000,000 36,000,000 growth took a downward turn by –1.1% in 35,000,000 3 34,000,000 1999. -
NOTICE of EXCHANGE RATE DIVERGENCE To: EMTA, Inc. From
NOTICE OF EXCHANGE RATE DIVERGENCE To: EMTA, Inc. From: Peter Allem - Amia Capital LLP Observation Days for Exchange Rate Divergence: 25 September 2019, 24 September 2019, 23 September 2019 Notice Dated: 26 September 2019 We confirm that (i) we are an EMTA Member in good standing, acting independently, and (ii) in our reasonable opinion, an Exchange Rate Divergence has been observed for the three consecutive Buenos Aires Business Days referenced above. Since the imposition of various capital controls limiting foreign investors’ access to US Dollars, we have noticed increasing divergence between the prevailing exchange rate and the settlement rate of ARS NDF contracts. The current settlement rate (ARS MAE - as published by the Mercado Electronic Abierto) for standard EMTA Template USDARS NDF transactions no longer reflects the prevailing bid and offer rates in a standard size financial transaction for same-day settlement in the Buenos Aires marketplace. It is widely accepted and published that the conventional market rate known as the “Blue Chip Swap Rate” more accurately reflects the price at which foreign exchange is being transacted in standard size transactions in Buenos Aires. It is the implied FX price calculated by observing the same stocks prices in the onshore exchange in ARS and the offshore exchange in USD. Please see chart below depicting the divergence of the official exchange rate and the “Blue Chip Swap” rate. Chart showing both the ARS MAE Fixing and the Blue chip swap rate for the last several years Amia Capital LLP, Cleveland House, 33 King Street, London SW1Y 6RJ Authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority 766288 Company Number OC414565 VAT Number 269 7958 22 Chart showing more recent performance of the divergence in FX rates NOTICE OF EXCHANGE RATE DIVERGENCE To: EMTA, Inc. -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic -
October 2006 Millions of U.S
I. TOTAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE VOLUME, October 2006 Millions of U.S. Dollars AVERAGE DAILY VOLUME Current Dollar Change Percentage Change Instrument Amount Reported over Previous Year over Previous Year Spot transactions 246,318 34,519 16.3 Outright forwards 82,443 9,253 12.6 Foreign exchange swaps 159,153 4,019 2.6 OTC foreign exchange options 45,782 9,051 24.6 Total 533,696 56,842 11.9 TOTAL MONTHLY VOLUME Current Dollar Change Percentage Change Instrument Amount Reported over Previous Year over Previous Year Spot transactions 5,418,907 1,182,971 27.9 Outright forwards 1,813,721 349,905 23.9 Foreign exchange swaps 3,501,389 398,764 12.9 OTC foreign exchange options 1,007,167 272,531 37.1 Total 11,741,184 2,204,171 23.1 Note: The lower table reports notional amounts of total monthly volume adjusted for double reporting of trades between reporting dealers; there were twenty trading days in October 2005 and twenty-two in October 2006. Survey of North American Foreign Exchange Volume 55 2a. SPOT TRANSACTIONS, Average Daily Volume, October 2006 Millions of U.S. Dollars Counterparty Reporting Other Other Financial Nonfinancial Currency Pair Dealers Dealers Customers Customers Total U.S. DOLLAR VERSUS Euro 13,237 38,775 19,355 5,260 76,627 Japanese yen 6,461 16,844 10,186 2,450 35,941 British pound 4,614 13,604 10,135 2,165 30,518 Canadian dollar 3,686 7,535 4,218 1,579 17,018 Swiss franc 2,863 7,727 6,426 1,036 18,052 Australian dollar 1,531 4,119 2,258 704 8,612 Argentine peso 21 23 13 10 67 Brazilian real 430 681 434 181 1,726 Chilean peso 132 156 153 42 483 Mexican peso 1,801 3,499 1,650 793 7,743 All other currencies 1,902 4,661 4,543 2,548 13,654 EURO VERSUS Japanese yen 1,977 5,438 4,326 360 12,101 British pound 959 2,801 1,149 634 5,543 Swiss franc 1,241 3,458 2,121 423 7,243 ALL OTHER CURRENCY PAIRS 1,419 5,077 2,496 1,998 10,990 Totala 42,274 114,398 69,463 20,183 246,318 2b. -
WM/Refinitiv Closing Spot Rates
The WM/Refinitiv Closing Spot Rates The WM/Refinitiv Closing Exchange Rates are available on Eikon via monitor pages or RICs. To access the index page, type WMRSPOT01 and <Return> For access to the RICs, please use the following generic codes :- USDxxxFIXz=WM Use M for mid rate or omit for bid / ask rates Use USD, EUR, GBP or CHF xxx can be any of the following currencies :- Albania Lek ALL Austrian Schilling ATS Belarus Ruble BYN Belgian Franc BEF Bosnia Herzegovina Mark BAM Bulgarian Lev BGN Croatian Kuna HRK Cyprus Pound CYP Czech Koruna CZK Danish Krone DKK Estonian Kroon EEK Ecu XEU Euro EUR Finnish Markka FIM French Franc FRF Deutsche Mark DEM Greek Drachma GRD Hungarian Forint HUF Iceland Krona ISK Irish Punt IEP Italian Lira ITL Latvian Lat LVL Lithuanian Litas LTL Luxembourg Franc LUF Macedonia Denar MKD Maltese Lira MTL Moldova Leu MDL Dutch Guilder NLG Norwegian Krone NOK Polish Zloty PLN Portugese Escudo PTE Romanian Leu RON Russian Rouble RUB Slovakian Koruna SKK Slovenian Tolar SIT Spanish Peseta ESP Sterling GBP Swedish Krona SEK Swiss Franc CHF New Turkish Lira TRY Ukraine Hryvnia UAH Serbian Dinar RSD Special Drawing Rights XDR Algerian Dinar DZD Angola Kwanza AOA Bahrain Dinar BHD Botswana Pula BWP Burundi Franc BIF Central African Franc XAF Comoros Franc KMF Congo Democratic Rep. Franc CDF Cote D’Ivorie Franc XOF Egyptian Pound EGP Ethiopia Birr ETB Gambian Dalasi GMD Ghana Cedi GHS Guinea Franc GNF Israeli Shekel ILS Jordanian Dinar JOD Kenyan Schilling KES Kuwaiti Dinar KWD Lebanese Pound LBP Lesotho Loti LSL Malagasy -
Example 4.Pdf
A B C D E F G H I 1 Example4-PesoandUSDollar-ForeignCurrencyConversion(FCC)-MultiplePesoCalculations Page1of2 2 3 Travel Expense Description Date Time Currency Transportation Accommodation Meals Other Receipt / Voucher # 4 Bank Service Charge for 800.00 USD (Traveller's Cheques) 2008-07-02 CAD 5.75 A 5 Airport Currency Exchange Kiosk - Service Charge - 400.00 USD for Columbian Pesos 2008-07-02 CAD 6.00 B 6 TAXI - Depart Home to Ottawa International Airport 2008-07-02 6:00 AM CAD 52.00 C 7 Breakfast - Ottawa International Airport (after airline check-in / security) 2008-07-02 7:00 AM CAD 13.60 N/A 8 Flight 1 - Ottawa to Fort Lauderdale, USA (no meal on flight) 2008-07-02 8:40 AM CAD Prepaid Refer to itinerary document 9 Lunch - Airport - Fort Lauderdale, USA 2008-07-02 12:30 PM USD 12.85 10 Flight 2 - Fort Lauderdale, USA to Bogota, Columbia 2008-07-02 5:00 PM CAD Prepaid Refer to itinerary document 11 Dinner - Served on Flight 2 2008-07-02 CAD Prepaid Refer to itinerary document 12 Arrive Bogotá - Taxi from Airport to Hotel 2008-07-02 8:30 PM COLUMBIAN PESOS 12,710.00 D 13 Incidentals - Day 1 of trip - Appendix C - Incidentals 17.30 CAD 2008-07-02 CAD 17.30 N/A 14 Hotel - Radisson Royal Bogota (272,703.64 Room Rate + 4727.27 taxes) 2008-07-02 COLUMBIAN PESOS 277,430.91 E- Hotel Invoice 15 Breakfast - Bogotá, Columbia - Appendix D - receipt required 2008-07-03 COLUMBIAN PESOS 25,000.00 E-1 (Billed to Room) 16 Lunch - Bogotá, Columbia - Appendix D meal allowance 2008-07-03 COLUMBIAN PESOS 37,700.00 17 Dinner - Bogotá, Columbia - Appendix D - Meal allowance 2008-07-03 COLUMBIAN PESOS 49,500.00 18 Incidentals - Bogotá, Columbia - Appendix D incidental allowance 2008-07-03 COLUMBIAN PESOS 34,880.00 19 Hotel - Radisson Royal Bogota (272,703.64 Room Rate + 4727.27 taxes) 2008-07-03 COLUMBIAN PESOS 277,430.91 E- Hotel Invoice 20 Hotel Front Desk - Service Charge (US Traveller's Cheques to Col. -
The Chilean Peso Exchange-Rate Carry Trade and Turbulence
The Chilean peso exchange-rate carry trade and turbulence Paulo Cox and José Gabriel Carreño Abstract In this study we provide evidence regarding the relationship between the Chilean peso carry trade and currency crashes of the peso against other currencies. Using a rich dataset containing information from the local Chilean forward market, we show that speculation aimed at taking advantage of the recently large interest rate differentials between the peso and developed- country currencies has led to several episodes of abnormal turbulence, as measured by the exchange-rate distribution’s skewness coeffcient. In line with the interpretative framework linking turbulence to changes in the forward positions of speculators, we fnd that turbulence is higher in periods during which measures of global uncertainty have been particularly high. Keywords Currency carry trade, Chile, exchange rates, currency instability, foreign-exchange markets, speculation JEL classification E31, F41, G15, E24 Authors Paulo Cox is a senior economist in the Financial Policy Division of the Central Bank of Chile. [email protected]. José Gabriel Carreño is with the Financial Research Group of the Financial Policy Division of the Central Bank of Chile. [email protected] 72 CEPAL Review N° 120 • December 2016 I. Introduction Between 15 and 23 September 2011, the Chilean peso depreciated against the United States dollar by about 8.2% (see fgure 1). The magnitude of this depreciation was several times greater than the average daily volatility of the exchange rate for these currencies between 2002 and 2012.1 No events that would affect any fundamental factor that infuences the price relationship between these currencies seems to have occurred that would trigger this large and abrupt adjustment. -
Currency List
Americas & Caribbean | Tradeable Currency Breakdown Currency Currency Name New currency/ Buy Spot Sell Spot Deliverable Non-Deliverable Special requirements/ Symbol Capability Forward Forward Restrictions ANG Netherland Antillean Guilder ARS Argentine Peso BBD Barbados Dollar BMD Bermudian Dollar BOB Bolivian Boliviano BRL Brazilian Real BSD Bahamian Dollar CAD Canadian Dollar CLP Chilean Peso CRC Costa Rica Colon DOP Dominican Peso GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal GYD Guyana Dollar HNL Honduran Lempira J MD J amaican Dollar KYD Cayman Islands MXN Mexican Peso NIO Nicaraguan Cordoba PEN Peruvian New Sol PYG Paraguay Guarani SRD Surinamese Dollar TTD Trinidad/Tobago Dollar USD US Dollar UYU Uruguay Peso XCD East Caribbean Dollar 130 Old Street, EC1V 9BD, London | t. +44 (0) 203 475 5301 | [email protected] sugarcanecapital.com Europe | Tradeable Currency Breakdown Currency Currency Name New currency/ Buy Spot Sell Spot Deliverable Non-Deliverable Special requirements/ Symbol Capability Forward Forward Restrictions ALL Albanian Lek BGN Bulgarian Lev CHF Swiss Franc CZK Czech Koruna DKK Danish Krone EUR Euro GBP Sterling Pound HRK Croatian Kuna HUF Hungarian Forint MDL Moldovan Leu NOK Norwegian Krone PLN Polish Zloty RON Romanian Leu RSD Serbian Dinar SEK Swedish Krona TRY Turkish Lira UAH Ukrainian Hryvnia 130 Old Street, EC1V 9BD, London | t. +44 (0) 203 475 5301 | [email protected] sugarcanecapital.com Middle East | Tradeable Currency Breakdown Currency Currency Name New currency/ Buy Spot Sell Spot Deliverabl Non-Deliverabl Special Symbol Capability e Forward e Forward requirements/ Restrictions AED Utd. Arab Emir. Dirham BHD Bahraini Dinar ILS Israeli New Shekel J OD J ordanian Dinar KWD Kuwaiti Dinar OMR Omani Rial QAR Qatar Rial SAR Saudi Riyal 130 Old Street, EC1V 9BD, London | t.