The Work of the Met Office
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House of Commons Defence Committee The work of the Met Office Tenth Report of Session 2005–06 Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 11 July 2006 HC 823 Published on 26 July 2006 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £15.50 The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon James Arbuthnot MP (Conservative, North East Hampshire) (Chairman) Mr David S Borrow MP (Labour, South Ribble) Mr David Crausby MP (Labour, Bolton North East) Linda Gilroy MP (Labour, Plymouth Sutton) Mr David Hamilton MP (Labour, Midlothian) Mr Mike Hancock MP (Liberal Democrat, Portsmouth South) Mr Dai Havard MP (Labour, Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney) Mr Adam Holloway MP (Conservative, Gravesham) Mr Brian Jenkins MP (Labour, Tamworth) Mr Kevan Jones MP (Labour, Durham North) Robert Key MP (Conservative, Salisbury) Mr Mark Lancaster MP (Conservative, North East Milton Keynes) Willie Rennie MP (Liberal Democrat, Dunfermline and West Fife) John Smith MP (Labour, Vale of Glamorgan) The following Members were also Members of the Committee during the Parliament. Mr Colin Breed MP (Liberal Democrat, South East Cornwall) Derek Conway MP (Conservative, Old Bexley and Sidcup) Mr Desmond Swayne MP (Conservative, New Forest West) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental Select Committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/defcom. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Philippa Helme (Clerk), Richard Cooke (Second Clerk), Ian Rogers (Audit Adviser), Stephen Jones (Committee Specialist), Adrian Jenner (Inquiry Manager), Sue Monaghan (Committee Assistant), Sheryl Dinsdale (Secretary) and Stewart McIlvenna (Senior Office Clerk). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Defence Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 5745; the Committee’s email address is [email protected]. Media inquiries should be addressed to Jessica Bridges- Palmer on 020 7219 0724. The work of the Met Office 1 Contents Report Page Summary 3 1 Introduction 5 Background 5 This inquiry 5 2 Ownership of the Met Office 6 Agency status 8 Merger with the Hydrographic Office 9 3 Finances 11 Investment 11 The Met Office move to Exeter 13 4 Objectives, performance and key targets 15 Support for military operations 18 Mobile Met Unit 19 Future Military Meteorology Requirement 19 Commercial activity 20 Private sector involvement 21 Senior management 23 Grading of Chief Executive 24 Conclusions and recommendations 27 Formal minutes 30 List of written evidence 32 Defence Committee Reports in this Parliament 33 The work of the Met Office 3 Summary The Met Office (formally the Meteorological Office) is one of the United Kingdom’s best known public bodies, and has an international reputation for meteorology and environmental science. It is an executive agency of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). We explored the relationship between the MoD and the Met Office and the rationale for MoD’s ownership. It appears that the MoD has provided support to the Met Office and enabled it to develop its scientific research capabilities. We emphasise the importance of continued investment in the Met Office and welcome the Minister’s statement supporting future funding. We were impressed at the importance placed on the work of the Met Office by the MoD and Armed Forces. We considered the Met Office’s performance against its Key Performance Targets, and the value of the targets. We were not convinced that these were the most effective way of providing direction to the Met Office, and agreed with our witnesses that the customer- supplier relationship was an important part of improving performance. A major aspect of that performance is the ability of the Met Office to generate commercial income. We urge it to develop its commercial abilities, and to resist the temptation to become ‘risk-averse’ following a recent unsuccessful foray into the commercial market. We found no reasonable grounds for the MoD’s decision to down-grade the post of Chief Executive of the Met Office. The person who fills that position will be central to the continued success and development of the Met Office. We recommend that the MoD reconsider its decision. The work of the Met Office 5 1 Introduction Background 1. The Met Office is an executive agency and trading fund of the Ministry of Defence (MoD); it provides the “official national meteorological service for the UK, and is a world- leading provider of environmental and weather-related services in the UK and around the world”.1 It is best known for providing the official weather forecasts for the United Kingdom delivered to the public through its website and forecasts provided by national broadcasters. It supplies meteorological data and analysis to central Government Departments, such as the Ministry of Defence and the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); and to local Government organisations, public bodies overseas, international organisations, and private sector customers. 2. The Met Office undertakes scientific research with an international reputation in the fields of meteorology and climate change. It is one of only two national meteorological services that provides all weather forecasting for international aviation.2 It provides meteorological data and analysis to the United Kingdom’s Armed Forces, and to our allies, thereby contributing to operational effectiveness. This inquiry 3. We announced an inquiry into the work of the Met Office on 20 December 2005 as part of our scrutiny of the MoD’s executive agencies.3 We visited the Met Office in Exeter, where we took evidence from the Met Office senior management. We were struck, particularly during that visit, by the pride in the Met Office of those who work there or are associated with its work. That pride is well-placed. We have focused in this inquiry on the MoD’s role as owner of the Met Office, but would not wish to play down the quality of the people and the work at the Met Office. 4. We held further evidence sessions at Westminster with Peter Ewins, former Chief Executive of the Met Office and with Tom Watson MP, the new Under Parliamentary Secretary of State at the MoD, and officials. We received written submissions from the MoD and others. We are grateful to all those who assisted us in our inquiry. 1 Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts 2004–05, HC 464, October 2005, p 215 2 Q 105. The UK’s Met Office and US National Weather Service provide the two World Area Forecast Centres (WAFC) in London and Washington. The WAFCs provide global forecasts of upper winds and temperatures for all flights throughout the world. See http://www.metoffice.com/aviation/services/internationalairnavigation.html 3 Defence Committee press notice, 20 December 2005 6 The work of the Met Office 2 Ownership of the Met Office 5. The organisation now known as the Met Office was founded as part of the Board of Trade in 1854 to provide information on the weather and marine currents to the maritime community. Separate meteorological branches for each of the Armed Forces were created in 1914. The Met Office became part of the Air Ministry in 1920 and then part of the Ministry of Defence in 1964.4 6. The Met Office supplies services to many central Government Departments. For example, the Office works with the Department for Transport to provide early warning of weather likely to have an impact on transport infrastructure. It works with DEFRA, providing forecasts specifically for farmers, modelling the transmission of airbourne disease, and flood warnings. The Met Office also provides information to the Department for Health on the likely impact of the weather on the NHS workload.5 The Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, which is part of the Met Office, provides a focus in the United Kingdom for the scientific issues associated with climate change. The Centre receives most of its funding from contracts with DEFRA, as well as from other UK Government departments and the European Commission. Mr Ewins told us that the Centre: …is the authority on climate change internationally. If you do a study of all the references to climate change which are published, the Met Office is cited on more than 50% of the occasions. That is not by accident; that is because it is being led and managed by people who are dedicated, they are supported by the Government and their customers.6 7. The Met Office Annual Report and Accounts 2004–05 shows that the Met Office’s turnover from defence, through the MoD, was about £33.5 million. The turnover from civil departments, mainly DEFRA, was almost £10 million.7 We explored with witnesses the rationale for the MoD retaining ownership of the Met Office. Mr Hutchinson, Chief Executive, said that: Defence does remain our largest single customer and a lot of our requirements, in particular the whole global capability, are very much a defence requirement. It is quite a comfortable fit in terms of what we do and who we are owned by. […] It is hard to find any one single Department that would be a better fit than the MoD.