DOCSLIB.ORG

Spring 2020 Wild Oceans Horizon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spring 2020 Wild Oceans Horizon NO. 162 2020 INSIDE THIS ISSUE OCEAN VIEW: ADAPTING TO COVID19 CHALLENGES 2 Wild KICK 'EM WHILE THEY'RE DOWN 3 BALANCING ACT 5 FLORIDA FORAGE FISH COALITION SCIENCE CORNER 5 TURNING THE TIDE: WILD OCEANS NEWS AND ACTIVITIES 6 COMMISSION POISED TO LINK MENHADEN MANAGEMENT TO The Horizon STRIPED BASS 7 LONGLINE CLOSED AREAS REOPENED Our Mission Trouble for Atlantic Bluefin Wild Oceans was founded by "Success is never final." technique for trapping and catching anglers in 1973. Like the sportsmen bluefin tuna as they cross between the – George Starr White before us who pioneered wildlife Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean. conservation on land, we are In the early and mid-1900s, recreational On March 30th, NOAA Fisheries an- passionate protectors of fish and fishing for Atlantic bluefin tuna became the wild world we share. nounced its final decision to eliminate popular in the western Atlantic. the longline closed areas that protect Our mission is to keep the oceans Atlantic bluefin tuna. While the agency After World War II, commercial fish- wild to preserve fishing opportuni- goal is to allow commercial longline ing for Atlantic bluefin tuna expanded ties for the future. To do this, we vessels access to no-longline zones to using newfound technology and high bring conservation-minded fisher- increase swordfish, yellowfin tuna and capacity vessels, and longline fishing, men and pro-fishing environmen- bigeye tuna catch, the action will erode thousands of baited hooks on miles- talists together to promote a conservation successes by increasing long line, was perfected. In the 1970s, broad, ecosystems approach to bluefin tuna catch and bycatch of mar- the industry developed lightweight, fisheries management that re- lin, oceanic sharks and sea turtles. high-strength polymers that were flects our expanding circle of con- spun into drift nets. Before they were To understand the gravity of this deci- cern for all marine life and the fu- banned on the high seas in the early ture of fishing. sion for the recovery of western Atlan- 1990s, hundreds of miles of them were tic bluefin tuna, it is important to review often deployed in a single night. These So much of what we love about the the history of why the longline closed advances in technology coincided with sea, about fish, about fishing, is in areas were originally implemented – a a surge in value for bluefin, with a single the wildness. But that wild world, history that is closely tied to the history fish fetching thousands of dollars. Drift and the future of fishing, now of Wild Oceans. nets coupled with longline vessels that hangs in the balance. Everything we do, every decision we make, Industrial Fishing Takes Hold in the caught giant bluefin as they gathered in must be guided by a clear vision of Atlantic the Gulf of Mexico to reproduce, purse seine vessels targeting juvenile bluefin the future we want for our oceans The story of Atlantic bluefin tuna and along the east coast, and high demand and of how the fishing public and humans have crisscrossed for millennia, squeezed the population. The bluefin responsible consumers will fit into beginning with hand lines, seines and tuna population fell sharply. that future. an elaborate and age-old Phoenician (continued on page 4) P.O. Box 180721, Tallahassee, FL 32318 WildOceans.org Ocean View Adapting to COVID-19 challenges During these trying times in which we increased our outreach efforts to other yy 6 Federal fishery management now find ourselves, I wanted to take stakeholders. Maintaining the impor- council meetings in 5 regions, a moment to reach out to you and say tant relationships with key decision yy 6 Advisory panel webinars, how grateful we are for your support. I makers and partners that we have culti- also wanted to update you on how Wild vated over years of interaction is critical yy 8 Committee and technical work- Oceans is responding to these new chal- to achieving success. ing group meetings, lenges and how we continue to focus on Not having to travel as much has also yy 2 International forums for highly accomplishing our goals for 2020. given us the time and opportunity to re- migratory species, As you might expect, many of the in-per- flect on how we want to best utilize our yy 2 Interstate commission meetings, son fisheries meetings and conferences limited resources. To this end, we have we were scheduled to attend have now begun the process of developing a new yy 2 Workshops, and been either postponed or switched to a 5-year strategic business plan that will yy 4 Meetings with policy-makers and web-based format. While this adapta- help us improve and maximize the orga- political leaders. tion definitely presents challenges and nization’s impact on marine fish conser- takes some getting used to, the tech- vation and management. Like the rest of us, fisheries managers nology to conduct these virtual gath- have and will continue to adapt to this In addition to our ongoing research, pol- erings is quite effective. Most provide new world in which we live. Rest as- icy reviews, comment submittals, web- mechanisms for engagement through sured that as long as fish swim in our site updates, newsletter development speaking or chat features. As such, we oceans, we will be there working to and member/partner communications, continue to research the important is- keep the oceans wild to preserve fishing Wild Oceans’ staff remain actively sues, submit public comment wherever opportunities for the future. engaged in the issues. (See "News and possible and engage with fisheries man- Activities," p. 6) Over the past four Thank you again for your support of agers. months, either in-person or via virtual Wild Oceans. I hope that you and your In addition to continued participation meetings, we as a team have participat- loved ones are all healthy and safe. in management meetings, we also have ed in: – Rob Kramer, President For the Future of Fishing Wild Oceans is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to keeping the oceans wild to preserve fishing opportunities for the future. Our Goals: Officers and Staff: Board of Directors: ● preventing overfishing and restoring Tim Choate, Chairman Mary Barley (Islamorada, FL) depleted fish populations to healthy Tim Ervin, Vice Chairman Bill Boyce (Saugus, CA) levels Rob Kramer, President C. J. Bright, Jr. (Kailua-Kona, HI) ● promoting sustainable use Pam Lyons Gromen, Executive Director Tim Choate (Coral Gables, FL) policies that balance commercial, recreational and ecological values Theresa Labriola, Pacific Program Director Stephanie Choate Oppenheimer (Tulsa, OK) Larry Dahlberg (Taylors Falls, MN) ● modifying or eliminating wasteful fishing practices Tim Ervin (Onekama, MI) ● improving our understanding of Contact Us: Ken Hinman (Lovettsville, VA) fish and their role in the marine Wild Oceans Frankie Labriola (Misquamicut Beach, RI) environment P.O. Box 180721 Peter Truslow (St. Petersburg, FL) Tallahassee, FL 32318 ● preserving fish habitat and water Directors Emeritus quality office: 727.677.8127 web: wildoceans.org Stanley Arkin (New York, NY) John Heyer (Sedona, AZ) 2 CONTINUED FISHING DURING DECLINE RESULTS IN DEEPER SARDINE COLLAPSE Kick 'em while they're down Pacific Sardine Population and Spawning Stock Biomass by Theresa Labriola Pacific Program Director Pacific sardine has undergone large population fluctuations for centuries, and there is consensus that environ- mental conditions are the main factor driving the changes. However, main- taining continuous high volume fishing on the northern subpopulation of Pa- cific sardine when stock productivity is in rapid decline, has contributed to a stock collapse that is far greater than expected from natural fluctuations. The continuous decline of sardine spawning stock biomass (SSB) reached historically low levels in recent years (2014-present) and 2011-2019 year the fishery closes. on the verge. Unfortunately, they did classes have been among the weakest not schedule this review. in recent history. Allowing fishermen But, cutoff is set too low to protect to target and catch sardine until 2015, the stock from a continued collapse. The state of the stock signals that it to kick ‘em while they’re down, has Even though there were troubling is time to reexamine our forage fish resulted in the continuous population signs in 2012, 2013 and 2014 that sar- management to prevent irreversible decline. In 2018, the Pacific sardine dine were declining, the biomass was damage to marine ecosystems and population sank below 50,000 met- above 150,000 MT, so we continued community harm that occurs when a ric tons (MT), leading to a determina- to kick ‘em while they’re down. Now, forage fish population collapses. Wild tion by National Marine Fisheries Ser- we are asking the Pacific Fishery Man- Oceans will continue to urge the Coun- vice that the stock is overfished. The agement Council to re-evaluate cutoff cil to adopt more precautionary man- 2020 Pacific sardine stock assessment in light of scientific recommendations agement that will reduce the severity shows a sustained collapse in the pop- to leave 40 percent of unfished forage of natural forage fish cycles, protect ulation which has progressively de- biomass in the ocean, or more than dependent predators and safeguard clined to just 28,276 MT this year. 400,000 MT of Pacific sardine. recreational and commercial fisheries for the future. One of the most important safeguards When the Pacific Council convened via in the Pacific sardine control rule is webinar for its April meeting, Council In June, the Council will review a draft “cutoff” which recognizes that fishing members expressed concern about sardine rebuilding plan with a range of during periods of low abundance can the sardine harvest control rule as well alternatives for rebuilding the stock.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies on Blood Proteins in Herring
    FiskDir. Skr. SET.HavUi~ders., 15: 356-367. COMPARISON OF PACIFIC SARDINE AND ATLANTIC MENHADEN FISHERIES BY JOHN L. MCHUGH Office of Marine Resources U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION The rise and fall of the North American Pacific coast sardine fishery is well known. Oilce the most important fishery in the western hemisphere in weight of fish landed, it now produces virtually nothing. The meal and oil industry based on the Pacific sardine (Sardinoljs caerulea) resource no longer exists. The sardine fishery (Fig. 1A) began in 1915, rose fairly steadily to its peak in 1936 (wit11 a dip during the depression), maintained an average annual catch of more than 500 000 tons until 1944, then fell off sharply. Annual production has not exceeded 100 000 tons since 1951, and commercial sardine fishing now is prohibited in California waters. A much smaller fishery for the southern sub-population developed off Baja California in 195 1. The decline of the west coast sardine fishery gave impetus to the much older menhaden (Breuoortia tyranlzus) fishery (Fig. 1B) along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Fishing for Atlantic menhaden began early in the nineteenth century. From the 1880's until the middle 1930's the annual catch varied around about 200 000 tons. In the late 1930's annual landings began to increase and from 1953 to 1962 inclusive re- mained above 500 000 tons. The peak year was 1956, with a catch of nearly 800 000 tons. After 1962 the catch began to fall off sharply, reach- ing a low of less than 250 000 tons in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential and Toxic Elements in Sardines and Tuna on the Colombian Market
    Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B Surveillance ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tfab20 Essential and toxic elements in sardines and tuna on the Colombian market Maria Alcala-Orozco, Prentiss H. Balcom, Elsie M. Sunderland, Jesus Olivero- Verbel & Karina Caballero-Gallardo To cite this article: Maria Alcala-Orozco, Prentiss H. Balcom, Elsie M. Sunderland, Jesus Olivero-Verbel & Karina Caballero-Gallardo (2021): Essential and toxic elements in sardines and tuna on the Colombian market, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2021.1926547 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2021.1926547 Published online: 08 Jun 2021. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tfab20 FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS: PART B https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2021.1926547 Essential and toxic elements in sardines and tuna on the Colombian market Maria Alcala-Orozco a,b, Prentiss H. Balcomc, Elsie M. Sunderland c, Jesus Olivero-Verbel a, and Karina Caballero-Gallardo a,b aEnvironmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; bFunctional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; cJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The presence of metals in canned fish has been associated with adverse effects on human health. Received 15 January 2021 The aim of this study was to evaluate risk-based fish consumption limits based on the concentra­ Accepted 2 May 2021 tions of eight essential elements and four elements of toxicological concern in sardines and tuna KEYWORDS brands commercially available in the Latin American canned goods market.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline of Atlantic Cod – a Case Study
    The Decline of Atlantic Cod – A Case Study Author contact information Wynn W. Cudmore, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Northwest Center for Sustainable Resources Chemeketa Community College P.O. Box 14007 Salem, OR 97309 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 503-399-6514 Published 2009 DUE # 0757239 1 NCSR curriculum modules are designed as comprehensive instructions for students and supporting materials for faculty. The student instructions are designed to facilitate adaptation in a variety of settings. In addition to the instructional materials for students, the modules contain separate supporting information in the "Notes to Instructors" section, and when appropriate, PowerPoint slides. The modules also contain other sections which contain additional supporting information such as assessment strategies and suggested resources. The PowerPoint slides associated with this module are the property of the Northwest Center for Sustainable Resources (NCSR). Those containing text may be reproduced and used for any educational purpose. Slides with images may be reproduced and used without prior approval of NCSR only for educational purposes associated with this module. Prior approval must be obtained from NCSR for any other use of these images. Permission requests should be made to [email protected]. Acknowledgements We thank Bill Hastie of Northwest Aquatic and Marine Educators (NAME), and Richard O’Hara of Chemeketa Community College for their thoughtful reviews. Their comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of this module. We thank NCSR administrative assistant, Liz Traver, for the review, graphic design and layout of this module. 2 Table of Contents NCSR Marine Fisheries Series ....................................................................................................... 4 The Decline of Atlantic Cod – A Case Study ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Mediterranean Small Pelagics Are Not Due to Increased Tuna Predation
    1 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Achimer 2017, Volume 74, Issue 9, Pages 1422-1430 http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0152 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00371/48215/ © Published by NRC Research Press Prey predator interactions in the face of management regulations: changes in Mediterranean small pelagics are not due to increased tuna predation Van Beveren Elisabeth 1, *, Fromentin Jean-Marc 1, Bonhommeau Sylvain 1, 4, Nieblas Anne-Elise 1, Metral Luisa 1, Brisset Blandine 1, Jusup Marko 2, Bauer Robert Klaus 1, Brosset Pablo 1, 3, Saraux Claire 1 1 IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la MER), UMR MARBEC, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète Cedex France 2 Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Hokkaido University, N12 W7 Kita-ku, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan 3 Université Montpellier II, UMR MARBEC, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203 Sète cedex, France 4 IFREMER Délégation de l’Océan Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP60, 97822 Le Port CEDEX France * Corresponding author : Elisabeth Van Beveren, email address : [email protected] Abstract : Recently, the abundance of young Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus) tripled in the North-western Mediterranean following effective management measures. We investigated whether its predation on sardine ( Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus) could explain their concurrent size and biomass decline, which caused a fishery crisis. Combining the observed diet composition of bluefin tuna, their modelled daily energy requirements, their population size and the abundance of prey species in the area, we calculated the proportion of the prey populations that were consumed by bluefin tuna annually over 2011-2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Aquaculture Development in Egypt
    MEGAPESCA Rua Gago Coutinho 11 Valado de Santa Quitéria 2460 – 207 Alfeizerão Portugal Telephone: (+351) 262 990 372 Fax: (+351) 262 990 496 EMAIL: [email protected] Website: http://www.megapesca.com MARINE AQUACULTURE IN EGYPT CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 2 PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF FISH IN EGYPT......................................................2 2.1 FISH PRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................2 2.2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FISHERY PRODUCTS .........................................................................5 2.3 FISH SUPPLIES TO MARKET AND CONSUMPTION .........................................................................5 2.4 CONTRIBUTION OF AQUACULTURE TO FISH CONSUMPTION........................................................6 2.5 PRICES OF FISH PRODUCTS FROM AQUACULTURE ......................................................................8 2.5.1 Seabass and seabream......................................................................................................9 3 OVERVIEW OF SECTOR DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1996 .................................................13 3.1 PRODUCTION OF MARINE SPECIES............................................................................................13 3.1.1 North Sinai......................................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Seafood Watch Report on the Pacific Sardine
    Seafood Watch Seafood Report: Sardines Volume I image© Monterey Bay Aquarium Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax Alice Cascorbi Fisheries Research Analyst Monterey Bay Aquarium final 10 February 2004 Seafood Watch® Pacific Sardine Report February 10, 2004 About Seafood Watch® and the Seafood Reports Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch® program evaluates the ecological sustainability of wild-caught and farmed seafood commonly found in the United States marketplace. Seafood Watch® defines sustainable seafood as originating from sources, whether wild-caught or farmed, which can maintain or increase production in the long- term without jeopardizing the structure or function of affected ecosystems. Seafood Watch® makes its science-based recommendations available to the public in the form of regional pocket guides that can be downloaded from the Internet (seafoodwatch.org) or obtained from the Seafood Watch® program by emailing [email protected]. The program’s goals are to raise awareness of important ocean conservation issues and empower seafood consumers and businesses to make choices for healthy oceans. Each sustainability recommendation on the regional pocket guides is supported by a Seafood Report. Each report synthesizes and analyzes the most current ecological, fisheries and ecosystem science on a species, then evaluates this information against the program’s conservation ethic to arrive at a recommendation of “Best Choices”, “Good Alternatives” or “Avoid.” The detailed evaluation methodology is available upon request. In producing the Seafood Reports, Seafood Watch® seeks out research published in academic, peer-reviewed journals whenever possible. Other sources of information include government technical publications, fishery management plans and supporting documents, and other scientific reviews of ecological sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • Menhaden Species Profile ASMFC
    Species Profile: Atlantic Menhaden Increased Demand for Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Lead to Increased Harvest Introduction Omega-3 is expected to be one of 2007’s hottest food additives. It has been shown to cut risks of heart disease and possibly other diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Atlan- tic menhaden, a small, oily, schooling fish, is a major source of omega-3 fatty acids. Harvest of this species may increase as omega-3 fatty acids are increasingly being added to foods such as orange juice, cereal, and butter substitutes. The species also plays in important role in marine ecosystems as both a forage fish to larger preda- tors and a filter feeder. Life History Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, are found in estuarine and coastal waters from northern Florida to Nova Scotia and serve as prey (food) for many fish, sea birds and marine mammals. Adult and juvenile menhaden form large, near-surface schools, primarily in estuaries and nearshore ocean waters from early spring through early winter. By summer, menhaden schools stratify by size and age along the coast, with older and larger menhaden found farther north. During fall-early win- ter, menhaden of all sizes and ages migrate south around the North Carolina capes to spawn. Sexual maturity begins just before age three, with major spawning areas from the Carolinas to New Jersey. The majority of spawning occurs primarily offshore (20- 30 miles) during winter. Buoyant eggs hatch at sea and larvae are carried into estuarine Atlantic Menhaden nursery areas by ocean currents. Juveniles spend most of their first year of life in estuaries, Brevoortia tyrannus migrating to the ocean in late fall.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs
    little fish BIG IMPACT Managing a crucial link in ocean food webs A report from the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force The Lenfest Ocean Program invests in scientific research on the environmental, economic, and social impacts of fishing, fisheries management, and aquaculture. Supported research projects result in peer-reviewed publications in leading scientific journals. The Program works with the scientists to ensure that research results are delivered effectively to decision makers and the public, who can take action based on the findings. The program was established in 2004 by the Lenfest Foundation and is managed by the Pew Charitable Trusts (www.lenfestocean.org, Twitter handle: @LenfestOcean). The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science (IOCS) is part of the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. It is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. IOCS conducts world-class scientific research that increases knowledge about critical threats to oceans and their inhabitants, provides the foundation for smarter ocean policy, and establishes new frameworks for improved ocean conservation. Suggested citation: Pikitch, E., Boersma, P.D., Boyd, I.L., Conover, D.O., Cury, P., Essington, T., Heppell, S.S., Houde, E.D., Mangel, M., Pauly, D., Plagányi, É., Sainsbury, K., and Steneck, R.S. 2012. Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs. Lenfest Ocean Program. Washington, DC. 108 pp. Cover photo illustration: shoal of forage fish (center), surrounded by (clockwise from top), humpback whale, Cape gannet, Steller sea lions, Atlantic puffins, sardines and black-legged kittiwake. Credits Cover (center) and title page: © Jason Pickering/SeaPics.com Banner, pages ii–1: © Brandon Cole Design: Janin/Cliff Design Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Herring Diversity (Family Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae) in North Carolina
    Herring Diversity (Family Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae) in North Carolina North Carolina is home to 13 species of herrings, but most people only know of or heard of the more common ones such as American Shad, Hickory Shad, Alewife, Blueback Herring, Atlantic Menhaden, Gizzard Shad, and Threadfin Shad (Table 1; NCWRC undated – a). Except for perhaps some fishermen along the coast, few people have ever heard of or seen Round Herring, Yellowfin Menhaden, Atlantic Herring, Scaled Sardine, Atlantic Thread Herring, or Spanish Sardine. Table 1. Species of herrings found in or along the coast of North Carolina. Scientific Name/ Scientific Name/ American Fisheries Society Accepted Common Name American Fisheries Society Accepted Common Name Alosa aestivalis - Blueback Herring Dorosoma cepedianum - Gizzard Shad Alosa mediocris - Hickory Shad Dorosoma petenense - Threadfin Shad Alosa pseudoharengus - Alewife Etrumeus sadina - Round Herring1 Alosa sapidissima - American Shad Harengula jaguana - Scaled Sardine Brevoortia tyrannus - Atlantic Menhaden Opisthonema oglinum - Atlantic Thread Herring Brevoortia smithi - Yellowfin Menhaden Sardinella aurita - Spanish Sardine Clupea harengus - Atlantic Herring 1 Until recently, Round Herring, Etrumeus sadina (previously known as E. teres), was placed, along with all the other clupeids found in North Carolina, in the Family Clupeidae. Fish taxonomists now place this species in the Family Dussumieriidae. Alewife and Blueback Herring are often referred to as “River Herring”; other colorful names applied to this family of fishes include glut herring, bigeye herring, nanny shad, stink shad, or just plain “shad”. Each species has an American Fisheries Society-accepted common name (Page et al. 2013) and a scientific (Latin) name (Table 1; Appendix 1). Herring occur across the state in freshwater and saltwater environments, but especially in many of our reservoirs, coastal rivers, estuaries, and offshore (Tracy et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Pacific Bluefin Tuna
    Credit: aes256 [CC BY 2.1 jp] via Wikimedia Commons Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis) as Endangered Under the Endangered Species Act June 20, 2016 6/20/2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Petitioners formally request that the Secretary of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), list the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) as endangered or in the alternative list the species as threatened, under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. §§ 1531 – 1544. Pacific bluefin tuna are severely overfished, and overfishing continues, making extinction a very real risk. According to the 2016 stock assessment by the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC), decades of overfishing have left the population at just 2.6% of its unfished size. Recent fishing rates (2011-2013) were up to three times higher than commonly used reference points for overfishing. The population’s severe decline, in combination with inadequate regulatory mechanisms to end overfishing or reverse the decline, has pushed Pacific bluefin tuna to the edge of extinction. Pacific bluefin tuna are important apex predators in the marine ecosystem and must be conserved. They are one of three bluefin tuna species. These three species are renowned for their large size, unique physiology and biomechanics, and capacity to swim across ocean basins. They are slow-growing, long-lived, endothermic fish. The Pacific bluefin migrates tens of thousands of miles across the largest ocean to feed and spawn, ranging from waters north of Japan to New Zealand in the western Pacific and off California and Mexico in the eastern Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Sardine Recipes Maine Sardine Council
    Maine State Library Maine State Documents Agricultural and Seafood Marketing and Cook Economic and Community Development Books 1975 Maine Sardine Recipes Maine Sardine Council Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalmaine.com/food_marketing Recommended Citation Maine Sardine Council, "Maine Sardine Recipes" (1975). Agricultural and Seafood Marketing and Cook Books. Book 15. http://digitalmaine.com/food_marketing/15 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Economic and Community Development at Maine State Documents. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agricultural and Seafood Marketing and Cook Books by an authorized administrator of Maine State Documents. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ATLANTIC BANKS SALAD 2 cans (4 oz. ea.) Maine Sardines 1 raw egg 2 quarts greens, mixed 3/4 cup lemon French dressing Onion rings 3 hard-cooked eggs Tomato wedges 1 cup potato chips, coarsely 1 /4 cup grated Parmesan cheese broken (optional) l/ 2 cup grated sharp Cheddar cheese Drain Maine Sardines. Place greens, onion rings, and tomato wedges in shallow bowl and sprinkle with grated cheese. Add raw egg and French dressing. Toss thoroughly. Add sardines, hard-cooked eggs cut in wedges, and potato chips. Toss again, gently. Yield: 4 servings. (Shown on cover) Stir a couple of cans of drained, chopped Maine Sardines into six eggs. Beat lightly and scramble as usual. Serve for Sunday breakfast or a light lunch. Meaty sardines, caught in the cool, clear waters off the Maine coast, are on sale everywhere in the United States. Flavorsome and nutritious, these ver­ satile little fish are as adaptable to snacks and sandwiches as they are to main dishes and salads.
    [Show full text]
  • Sardine What Do You Do with a Can of Sardines?
    P R S T E S E N 50 WAYS TO EAT A SARDINE WHAT DO YOU DO WITH A CAN OF SARDINES? Wild Planet proudly presents 50 delicious and unique ways to enjoy these sustainable little fish — each recipe packing flavor as well as abundant nutrition in each savory bite. Whether you are a long-time sardine aficionado or just beginning to appreciate the flavor, versatility and nutrition of Wild Planet sardines, these recipes are quick, easy and flexible enough to enjoy any time! A few kitchen notes: • Unless otherwise noted, the recipes call for one full can of sardines and yield one or two servings. • These recipes are written without measurements– just use your judgement! Adding an extra handful of spinach or skipping the garlic, for example, won’t affect the outcome dramatically. • For recipes that include pasta, any shape you like will work – they are interchangeable. We’d love to see what you cook! Post a pic or drop us a line -- Instagram.com/wildplanetfoods Facebook.com/wildplanetfoods [email protected] S ard ino ps sagax DID YOU KNOW SARDINES ARE: HEALTHY! A true nutritional powerhouse, sardines are an important source of Omega 3, protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. VERSATILE! Hot or cold, sardines are an easy addition to salads, sandwiches, pasta dishes, and so much more! DELICIOUS! Meaty, tender, and full of flavor, these are not your grandfather’s sardines. Give our recipes a try and find some new ways to enjoy these fantastic little fish. 50 WAYS TO EAT A SARDINE WITH PASTA! 1.
    [Show full text]