DOCSLIB.ORG

Increasing the Volume on Post-9/11 Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Increasing the Volume on Post-9/11 Literature Increasing the Volume on Post-9/11 Literature By Clair King-Sheehan Thesis submitted for PhD Degree University of Limerick Supervisor of Research: Dr David Coughlan Submitted to the University of Limerick, September 2015 Table of Contents Abstract v Declaration vi Acknowledgements vii List of Appendices viii List of Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 The Twin Towers 1 Role of Overtly Political Fiction in the U.S. 11 Reds Under the Beds: A Twentieth Century Crisis 26 Theoretical Relationship between Politics and Literature 29 Changes in Approach 35 The Novels 40 Chapter 1: “What the?” 44 Why the Question? 52 Foer’s Vision 54 The Falling Man 58 Foer’s Metaphor for America 63 Nothing to Declare 66 Competing Political Ideologies 73 Unreliability or Miscommunication? 83 In Safe Company 87 Comparisons on a sensitive subject 94 ii Chapter 2: Faint Echoes of DeLillo – The Fiction of Politics 102 The Power of Images 119 A Grief Observed 126 Falling Man 132 Bill Lawton – the enemy 134 Ernst Hechinger – the European Perspective 138 David Janiak – The Muted Spectacle 143 Hammad – the three Positions of the “Other” 145 “On Marienstrasse” 146 “In Nokomis” 148 “In the Hudson Corridor” 148 Point Omega 150 The Fall: DeLillo’s Post-9/11 opus 161 Chapter 3: Updike’s Reluctant American 165 Terrorist (2006) 183 Terrorist vs. Terrorist 188 The Troublesome Other 195 A Questionable Jewish Persona 204 Enter the Woman 209 The Schizophrenic Other 216 Chapter 4: Kingsolver’s Hidden Intention 222 September 2001 – 224 Now versus Then 231 The Gap 244 The Lacuna 249 iii BACK HOME 265 “In the beginning were the howlers” 275 Conclusion 278 Appendix A 285 Bibliography 288 iv Abstract: “Increasing the Volume on Post-9/11 Literature” By Clair King-Sheehan The intention of this study has been to engage directly with several major novels that appeared in the wake of the fall of the Twin Towers. Although it is concerned with the trauma of the 9/11 events, its main interest is with the narratives’ more elusive political voices. It will evaluate work of highly regarded authors whose novels are closely associated with the 9/11 era. It will examine how they spoke out or evaded the issues being presented in the media of the time. The texts most recognisable as 9/11 narratives, Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close and Don DeLillo’s Falling Man, will be analysed in order to interpret how they directly engaged with the issues of the day and their immediate aftermath. While it is easy to see how Foer’s novel might be useful in working through the trauma, this research has imagined another perspective from which to view 9/11 using this novel as a vehicle. And although DeLillo’s Falling Man provides an accurate fictional portrayal of the experience, it does not overtly display the political prescience of this writer’s previous work. In Terrorist, John Updike moved beyond the actual day and tried to help the American people visualise the experience from outside the conventional U.S. demographic. However, his novel faltered in its mission to accurately represent the “othered” character within U.S. Society. Barbara Kingsolver’s allegorical comparison of the Bush administration and the reprehensible mid-twentieth century McCarthy period is perhaps the most politically motivated text examined here. Nevertheless the dense layer of historical- political allegory she employs manages to conceal the voice which on previous occasions had proved strident in defence of what she believed. This study argues that the politics of the era caused writers to constrain their political viewpoints in their definitive novels on the subject of 9/11. v Declaration This thesis is submitted to the School of Culture and Communication and the Graduate Studies Office of the University of Limerick in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. It is entirely my own work and has not been submitted to any other University or Higher Education Institution. Where use has been made of the work of other people it has been fully acknowledged and referenced in the Works Cited. Signed: Date: _____________________________ Clair King-Sheehan vi Acknowledgements Dedicated to Conor Without whom none of this would have been possible I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the following people who have supported me during this project: to my children, Conor and Robyn, whose confidence in me never seemed to waver; to Kim Arnold, whose knowledge and guidance is deeply appreciated and has been invaluable throughout all my years of study; to my many friends at The University of Limerick, especially, Jack Fennell, Helen Basini, Sarah Hunt, Caitlin Ryan, Lonnie Costello, Geraldine Sheridan, Robert O’Keefe, Joanna McDarby, Mary McCarthy, Cora Lynch, and Amy Healy, who have rewarded me with the pleasure of their company and listened patiently as I worked through the PhD process; finally, I wish to acknowledge the unfailing support of my supervisor, Dr David Coughlan, who showed a great deal of insightful expertise tempered with patience. vii List of Appendices Appendix A: Clair Sheehan email interview with Barbara Kingsolver, November 2013 viii List of Abbreviations A: Americana and Other Poems, collection by John Updike AM: Americana, novel by Don DeLillo AVM: Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life, text by Barbara Kingsolver C: Cosmopolis, novel by Don DeLillo ELIC: Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close, novel by Jonathan Safran Foer FM: Falling Man, novel by Don DeLillo HTT: High Tide in Tucson, text by Barbara Kingsolver “IRF”: “In the Ruins of the Future,” essay by Don DeLillo L: Libra, novel by Don DeLillo P: Players, novel by Don DeLillo PO: Point Omega, novel by Don DeLillo “PoH”: “The Power of History,” essay by Don DeLillo “RW”: “Reflections on Wartime,” article by Barbara Kingsolver SW: Small Wonder, text by Barbara Kingsolver T: Terrorist, novel by John Updike TL: The Lacuna, novel by Barbara Kingsolver TN: The Names, novel by Don DeLillo U: Underworld, novel by Don DeLillo “VRE”: “Varieties of Religious Experience,” short story by John Updike ix Introduction The Twin Towers The idea to develop a World Trade Centre in New York City was first mooted at the end of the 1940s just as the victorious U.S. soldiers were returning home from war. America’s credibility as a land of freedom and opportunity had never stood taller, and American hubris, along with its architecture, was also on the rise. As New York City “was already thought of as a center of world trade,” the idea of promoting the area as a commercial hub seemed intrinsic to the ethos of the growing metropolis (Robins 13). Thus envisioned, the World Trade Centre project got to the drawing and costing stage “before being shelved” when the development’s “huge scale and the concept of demolishing and rebuilding a sizable chunk of Manhattan” became too much of a burden on the city’s resources (13). It would take nearly two decades for the project to be considered viable once again and ground-breaking architect, Minoru Yamasaki, employed to oversee the construction. The proposed size, structure, and cost of the World Trade Centre plan made it a controversial subject throughout its construction. But these were not the only concerns New Yorkers and other Americans had with the proposed edifice. Contemporary architectural historian and philosopher, Lewis Mumford, criticised the new development as an “example of the purposeless giantism and technological exhibitionism” which appeared to many to be overtaking New York (342). Because of the hubristic air the buildings were felt to emit they would remain contentious even after the cost and scale of the project became purely reflective. Formally opened in April of 1973, the Twin Towers would continue to be problematic structures from their final completion in 1977 until their momentous erasure from the New York skyline on September 11th 2001. 1 Although the expression “out of the blue,” as the title to Versluys text emphasises, has been often used to describe the events of 9/11 they were not completely unanticipated. When examined retrospectively the root causes of the attacks can be traced back in time to the Crusades. In modern terms however, the conflict and current tensions were made manifest by the two World Wars of the twentieth century. The turmoil created in 1948, when so “many Arabs felt shocked and betrayed by the support that the U.S. government had given to the Zionist cause,” gave rise to serious conflict in the Arab world which has never truly abated (Wright 11). Robust academic argument continues around the origins of the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the later part of the twentieth century, much of which has been ably compared in studies that debate East/West polemics.1 Placing theoretical contentions aside however, historical evidence clearly foregrounds the political and theocratic issues that led to nineteen Islamic insurgents commandeering four American airliners and infamously piloting them into the World Trade Centre in New York, the Pentagon, and one other abortive attempt at an unspecified target in Washington D.C. While these attacks were unprecedented within the United States, their inevitability, if not their exact method, had not been difficult to predict and can be systematically linked retrospectively to actions that occurred more than half a century earlier in the Middle East. Although it can be argued that these ideologies have been in conflict since the Middle Ages, the more recent defeat of the Arab world during “The Battles of the Sinai” (1948) was to “shape the Arab intellectual universe” into the twenty-first century (Wright 11). The writing of Islamic scholar and theorist, Sayyid Qutb, along with the “politics he would invent” (Wright 17), are argued to have laid the modern foundations for the development of Islamic 1 See Geoffrey Nash’s Writing Muslim Identity, John Gray’s Al Qaeda and What it Means to be Modern, Malise Ruthven’s Fury of God, and Meghnad Desai’s Rethinking Islam, among countless others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A List of the Records That Petitioners Seek Is Attached to the Petition, Filed Concurrently Herewith
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Professor Stanley Kutler, the American Historical Association, the American Society for Legal History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Archivists petition this Court for an order directing the release of President Richard M. Nixon’s thirty-five-year- old grand jury testimony and associated materials of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force.1 On June 23-24, 1975, President Nixon testified before two members of a federal grand jury who had traveled from Washington, DC, to San Clemente, California. The testimony was then presented in Washington, DC, to the full grand jury that had been convened to investigate political espionage, illegal campaign contributions, and other wrongdoing falling under the umbrella term Watergate. Watergate was the defining event of Richard Nixon’s presidency. In the early 1970s, as the Vietnam War raged and the civil rights movement in the United States continued its momentum, the Watergate scandal ignited a crisis of confidence in government leadership and a constitutional crisis that tested the limits of executive power and the mettle of the democratic process. “Watergate” was 1A list of the records that petitioners seek is attached to the Petition, filed concurrently herewith.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Group Discussion Questions—The Lacuna the Word “Lacuna” Means Many Things: a Missing Piece of a Manuscript, A
    Reading Group Discussion Questions—The Lacuna The word “lacuna” means many things: a missing piece of a manuscript, a gap in history or knowledge, a tunnel or passage leading from one place to another. What are some of the lacunae in this novel? Several characters repeat the phrase: “The most important part of a story is the piece of it you don’t know.” What does this mean to you, in terms of both public and private life? Are you likely to give this consideration more weight, since reading the novel? Given the unusual presentation of the novel, as diary entries written by a person who does not want to be known, how did you come to know Harrison Shepherd? Which of his passions or dreads evoked a connection for you? The opening paragraph of the novel promises: “In the beginning were the howlers,” and suggests they will always be with us. As you read, did you find yourself thinking of modern occasions of media “howlers” purveying gossip, fear, and injurious misquotes? Why does this industry persist? Has an increasingly rapid news cycle changed its power? Did any historical revelations in this novel surprise you? How has our national character changed from earlier times? How would we now respond, for example, to the universal rationing imposed during World War II? Or to the later events aimed at containing “un-American activities?” What elements shape these responses? What is the value, in your opinion, of the historical novel as a genre? What places or sensory events in the novel appealed to you most? Are you a more visual, auditory, or olfactory sort of person? What sensory impressions stayed with you after you had finished the book? The two important women in Harrison Shepherd’s life, Violet Brown and Frida Kahlo, seem to be opposites at first glance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dulles Brothers, Harry Dexter White, Alger Hiss, and the Fate of the Private Pre-War International Banking System ダレ ス兄弟、ハリー·デクスター·ホワイト、アルジャー·ヒス 戦前の民 間国際金融制度の運命
    Volume 12 | Issue 16 | Number 3 | Article ID 4109 | Apr 20, 2014 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Dulles Brothers, Harry Dexter White, Alger Hiss, and the Fate of the Private Pre-War International Banking System ダレ ス兄弟、ハリー·デクスター·ホワイト、アルジャー·ヒス 戦前の民 間国際金融制度の運命 Peter Dale Scott administration… was able to act almost at will as he was shielded German translation is available from any unpleasant consequences.3 The election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 had permanent consequences for U.S. foreign policy. The U.S. major oil companies, which The 1952 Republican campaign, for which John before the election were facing criminal Foster Dulles was partly responsible, charges for their cartel arrangements, instead successfully attacked Truman’s supposed were freed to continue their activities, until “In weakness in dealing with the alleged treason of two of his civil servants, Treasury assistant some of the faraway countries where it did secretary Harry Dexter White, and State business.… Exxon’s sway over local politics and Department official Alger Hiss. In fact neither security was greater than that of the United White nor Hiss was ever convicted of treason; States embassy.”1 Parallel to this was a radical nor were they ever proven to have committed escalation in 1953 of CIA covert operations. it. But both men’s careers had been ruined by Major plots to overthrow the governments of the sensational charges brought against them Iran and Guatemala, both of which had been in 1948 by a freshman congressman, Richard turned down by Truman and his Secretary of Nixon, in the House Un-American Activities State, Dean Acheson, now proceeded, Committee (HUAC).
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Behavior by Barbara Kingsolver ______
    Flight Behavior by Barbara Kingsolver __________________________________________________________________________________________ About the author: Barbara Kingsolver was born in 1955, and grew up in rural Kentucky. She earned degrees in biology from DePauw University and the University of Arizona, and has worked as a freelance writer and author since 1985. At various times in her adult life she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. She spent two decades in Tucson, Arizona, before moving to southwestern Virginia where she currently resides. Her books, in order of publication, are: The Bean Trees (1988), Homeland (1989), Holding the Line: Women in the Great Arizona Mine Strike (1989), Animal Dreams (1990), Another America (1992), Pigs in Heaven (1993), High Tide in Tucson (1995), The Poisonwood Bible (1998), Prodigal Summer (2000), Small Wonder (2002), Last Stand: America’s Virgin Lands, with photographer Annie Griffiths Belt (2002), Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life (2007), and The Lacuna (2009). She served as editor for Best American Short Stories 2001. Her books have been translated into more than two dozen languages, and have been adopted into the core literature curriculum in high schools and colleges throughout the nation. She has contributed to more than fifty literary anthologies, and her reviews and articles have appeared in most major U.S. newspapers and magazines. Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. In 2000, she received the National Humanities Medal, our country’s highest honor for service through the arts. Critical acclaim for her books includes multiple awards from the American Booksellers Association and the American Library Association, among many others.
    [Show full text]
  • F:\Nixon -- Move to Former Staff on 9.2\Declarations
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ___________________________________________) DECLARATIONS IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Allison M. Zieve (D.C. Bar No. 424786) Michael T. Kirkpatrick (D.C. Bar No. 486293 Public Citizen Litigation Group 1600 20th Street NW Washington, DC 20009 (202) 588-1000 Counsel for Petitioners TABLE OF CONTENTS Tab Declaration of Stanley Kutler.................................................... A Declaration of Julian Helisek (including exhibits) ................................... B Declaration of Richard J. Davis .................................................. C Declaration of John W. Dean III ................................................. D Declaration of David M. Dorsen ................................................. E Declaration of Mark Feldstein ................................................... F Declaration of Don Fulsom ..................................................... G Declaration of David Greenberg ................................................. H Declaration of Kenneth J. Hughes, Jr. .............................................. I Declaration of Thomas Long ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Behavior: a Novel
    _____________________________________________________________________________________ Reading Guide Flight Behavior: A Novel Harper Perennial By Barbara Kingsolver ISBN: 9780062124272 Introduction The extraordinary New York Times bestselling author of The Lacuna (winner of the Orange Prize), The Poisonwood Bible (nominated for the Pulitzer Prize), and Animal, Vegetable, Miracle, Barbara Kingsolver returns with a truly stunning and unforgettable work. Flight Behavior is a brilliant and suspenseful novel set in present day Appalachia; a breathtaking parable of catastrophe and denial that explores how the complexities we inevitably encounter in life lead us to believe in our particular chosen truths. Kingsolver's riveting story concerns a young wife and mother on a failing farm in rural Tennessee who experiences something she cannot explain, and how her discovery energizes various competing factions—religious leaders, climate scientists, environmentalists, politicians—trapping her in the center of the conflict and ultimately opening up her world. Flight Behavior is arguably Kingsolver's must thrilling and accessible novel to date, and like so many other of her acclaimed works, represents contemporary American fiction at its finest. Questions for Discussion 1. What is the significance of the novel's title? Talk about the imagery of flight. How is it represented throughout the story? 2. How do the chapter titles relate both to scientific concepts as well as the events that unfold within each chapter itself? 3. Describe Dellarobia. How is she of this mountain town in Tennessee and how is she different from it? How are she and her family connected to the land and to nature itself? How are they disconnected? How does this shape their viewpoints? How does she describe herself? Do you agree with her selfassessment? 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Strategy to Combat Drug Abuse In
    DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO COMBAT DRUG ABUSE IN PHILADELPHIA, 1960-1973 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Andrew J. Lippert December, 2015 Examining Committee Members: Petra Goedde, Advisory Chair, Temple University, Department of History Richard H. Immerman, Temple University, Department of History Heather Thompson, University of Michigan, Department of History Paul R. Kan, External Member, U.S. Army War College, Department of National Security Studies ii © Copyright 2015 by Andrew J. Lippert All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT How did Philadelphia develop its first drug control strategy between 1960 and 1973? This study argues that Philadelphia's drug control strategy was part of an array of collaborative responses to the composite challenges of urban decay and was influenced by concerns for development, law enforcement, and fiscal survival. In the early 1960s, a focus on development and a combination of overt racism and the more subtle psychological process of racial othering made drug abuse a low-priority, policy issue in Philadelphia. At mid-decade, the growing institutionalization of law enforcement overshadowed additional attention drug abuse might have gained at that point. By 1970, “White involvement,” as Medical Examiner Joseph Spelman termed it, provided the impetus for a more active and institutionalized public response. As the nation progressed from a War on Poverty, to a War on Crime, and then to a War on Drugs, problems of sustainability and fiscal exhaustion became paramount. When Philadelphia’s Coordinating Office for Drug and Alcohol Abuse Programs produced its Comprehensive Plan for Drug and Alcohol Abuse Treatment and Prevention, 1973-1974, it codified a years-long, work-in-progress to address the complex adaptive system that substance abuse represented.
    [Show full text]
  • America Radio Archive Broadcasting Books
    ARA Broadcasting Books EXHIBIT A-1 COLLECTION LISTING CALL # AUTHOR TITLE Description Local Note MBookT TYPELocation Second copy location 001.901 K91b [Broadcasting Collection] Krauss, Lawrence Beyond Star Trek : physics from alien xii, 190 p.; 22 cm. Book Reading Room Maxwell. invasions to the end of time / Lawrence M. Krauss. 011.502 M976c [Broadcasting Collection] Murgio, Matthew P. Communications graphics Matthew P. 240 p. : ill. (part Book Reading Room Murgio. col.) ; 29 cm. 016.38454 P976g [Broadcasting Collection] Public Archives of Guide to CBC sources at the Public viii, 125, 141, viii p. Book Reading Room Canada. Archives / Ernest J. Dick. ; 28 cm. 016.7817296073 S628b [Broadcasting Skowronski, JoAnn. Black music in America : a ix, 723 p. ; 23 cm. Book Reading Room Collection] bibliography / by JoAnn Skowronski. 016.791 M498m [Broadcasting Collection] Mehr, Linda Harris. Motion pictures, television and radio : a xxvii, 201 p. ; 25 Book Reading Room union catalogue of manuscript and cm. special collections in the Western United States / compiled and edited by Linda Harris Mehr ; sponsored by the Film and Television Study Center, inc. 016.7914 R797r [Broadcasting Collection] Rose, Oscar. Radio broadcasting and television, an 120 p. 24 cm. Book Reading Room annotated bibliography / edited by Oscar Rose ... 016.79145 J17t [Broadcasting Collection] Television research : a directory of vi, 138 p. ; 23 cm. Book Reading Room conceptual categories, topic suggestions, and selected sources / compiled by Ronald L. Jacobson. 051 [Broadcasting Collection] TV guide index. 3 copies Book Archive Bldg 070.1 B583n [Broadcasting Collection] Bickel, Karl A. (Karl New empires : the newspaper and the 112 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulitzer Prize Winners and Finalists
    WINNERS AND FINALISTS 1917 TO PRESENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Excerpts from the Plan of Award ..............................................................2 PULITZER PRIZES IN JOURNALISM Public Service ...........................................................................................6 Reporting ...............................................................................................24 Local Reporting .....................................................................................27 Local Reporting, Edition Time ..............................................................32 Local General or Spot News Reporting ..................................................33 General News Reporting ........................................................................36 Spot News Reporting ............................................................................38 Breaking News Reporting .....................................................................39 Local Reporting, No Edition Time .......................................................45 Local Investigative or Specialized Reporting .........................................47 Investigative Reporting ..........................................................................50 Explanatory Journalism .........................................................................61 Explanatory Reporting ...........................................................................64 Specialized Reporting .............................................................................70
    [Show full text]
  • JFK Was the Wrong Man in the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time
    www.kennedymustbekilled.com “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” — George Santanya John F. Kennedy was headed down a path to failure the moment his family stole the 1960 presidential election. Patrick McCarthy knew that JFK was the wrong man in the wrong place at the wrong time. He had witnessed years of poor judgment and appall- ingly bad behavior by Jack and his family, and it both concerned and sickened him. Cold War tensions were overheating, and he knew Jack Kennedy couldn't possibly stand up under its pressures. He wasn't alone in those thoughts. The Kennedys had made many enemies over the years and the political power struggle that had been long brewing was now coming to a head. When JFK's numerous foreign policy blunders took the nation to the very brink of nuclear war, and his meddling in civil rights inflamed racial hatreds in the South, a shadowy group of powerful men known as the Patriots decide it is time to act. Kennedy must be stopped before his next mistake resulted in the deaths of millions of innocent Americans. On November 22, 1963, a cruel twist of fate finds Patrick McCarthy concealed on a grassy knoll in Dealey Plaza, cradling a sniper's rifle and waiting patiently for the presidential motorcade to pass by. Spanning the period from 1946-1978, KENNEDY MUST BE KILLED is a meticulously researched novel featuring a wide ranging cast of historical characters, including Jack and Jackie Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Dwight Eisenhower, Allen Dulles, Alger Hiss, Joseph McCarthy, Nikita Khrushchev, J.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| the Eleventh Day the Full Story of 9/11 1St Edition
    THE ELEVENTH DAY THE FULL STORY OF 9/11 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Anthony Summers | 9780812978094 | | | | | September 11 attacks But … read! Official after official has urged us to call attention to problems with the unglamorous "back office" side of government operations. As late as September 4,Richard Clarke, the White House staffer long responsible for counterterrorism policy coordination, asserted that the government had not yet made up its mind how to answer the question: "Is al Qida a big deal? Thank you! New recruits included four from a cell of expatriate Muslim extremists who had The Eleventh Day The Full Story of 9/11 1st edition together in Hamburg, Germany. In New York, for example, schools will observe a moment of silence on Wednesday, after Gov. To implement it will require a government better organized than the one that exists today, with its national security institutions designed half a century ago to win the Cold War. However, one unnamed diplomatic source later commented on why this warning was not passed along : We were hearing a lot of that kind of stuff. The September 11 attacks were a series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in by 19 terrorists associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda. One of the eventual pilots may have considered abandoning the planes operation. Develop a comprehensive coalition strategy against Islamist terrorism, using a flexible contact group of leading coalition governments and fashioning a common coalition approach on issues like the treatment of captured terrorists. How was your experience with this page? Customer Service. In aviation, prevent arguments about a new computerized profiling system from delaying vital improvements in the "no-fly" and "automatic selectee" lists.
    [Show full text]
  • US Foreign Policy Toward Sino-US Rapprochement
    U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Sino-U.S. Rapprochement in the Early 1970s: A Study of Secrecy in Bureaucratic Politics By Yukinori Komine Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lancaster University Department of Politics and International Relations June 2005 ProQuest Number: 11003566 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11003566 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 For my parents, Koki and Mieko Komine, and my brother, Yukihiko Komine Declaration This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Lancaster University. I confirm that the views expressed in this thesis are solely my own except where otherwise indicated and that no part of the entire thesis has ever been submitted to higher degree of any other academic institution. Signed: Yukinori Komine Date: January 13, 2005 Acknowledgements During the research for and writing of this thesis from October 1997 to January 2005, I have benefited from assistance and generosity of a number of people in Britain, America, and Japan.
    [Show full text]