Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

JIHOMORAVSKÝ REGION

In a geographically suitable place, in the southeastern part of the lies the Jihomo- ravský Region in the territory of which roads have crossed to con- nect different parts of Europe from time immemorial. The Region is The fourth largest is also its per- ties with 501 to 2 000 in inhabitants proud to have a number of sights centage of agricultural land (60.3%). slightly rises and stands at 21.4% and monuments of nature of which The Region’s percentage of ara- now (4% above the national ave- some are on the UNESCO List of ble land (50%) is the largest in the rage). A total of 23% of populati- World Cultural Heritage. Within the CR's regions. The woodland co- on live in municipalities with 2 001 EU it neighbours with Slovakia and vers 28% – least after Prague. to 10 000 inhabitants and the per- centage steadily rises. The propor- Austria and within the Czech Re- The Jihomoravský Region is com- tion of the population living in towns public on the Pardubický, Jihočes- posed of the districts of , with more than 10 000 inhabitants ký, Olomoucký, Zlínský, and Vyso- -město, Brno-venkov, Břeclav, (49%) decreases and is 6% below čina Regions. In comparison with Hodonín, Vyškov, and Znojmo. The- the CR’ average now. The popula- the other regions, it has borders re are 647 municipalities in the tion living in the Region’s capital with the largest number of neig- Region, the third highest number of Brno account for 33%, which is hbours (7); it cooperates with them next to the Středočeský and Vy- the highest percentage among all in the areas of communication; sočina Regions. The average area the regional towns of the country landscape maintenance and plan- of the municipality cadastre, 11 km2, except for the capital city of Prague. ning; hydrology; ecology; urbanisa- is the tenth largest; the average The percentage is that high, because tion; provision of services and cul- population of 1 735 is the seventh the town of Brno developed histo- tural, administrative and educati- highest and is slightly (6%) above rically inter alia as a centre of a much onal links; concerted action towards the national average. There are 7% larger territory with a rather large national and supranational (Euro- of population living in municipali- population (provincial capital). Bře- pean) authorities, international cross- ties up to 500 inhabitants; this per- zina (7 inhabitants) in the district border cooperation, etc. centage has a slightly falling trend of Vyškov is the smallest munici- 2 and is now 0.5% below the ave- With its 7 065 km of area it is the pality of the Region, and also of the rage of the CR. The percentage of fourth largest region of the CR, CR (actually it is not a classic muni- covering 9% of the country’s area. the population living in municipali- Selection of topical indicators Number of inhabitants (31.12.2004) 1,123,201 Average monthly gross wage (2004)4 16,230 Foreigners with long-term stay1 15,566 Unemployment rate based on LFS (%, 2004) 8.3 incl. Foreigners with permanent residence 8,335 Primary 5.1 Employement Number of municipalities / towns (31.12.2004) 647 / 47 Secondary 38.5 in sectors (%, 2004) Population living in the regional capital (%) 32.7 Tertiary 56.4 Live-born children outside marriage (%, 2004) 25.0 Completed dwellings, total (2004) 3,842 Population with males 15.2 incl. Dwellings in family houses (%) 40.2 university education2 (2004) females 10.1 Guests in accommodation establishments, total (2004) 1,014,514 Economically active population (2004) 555,369 incl. Foreign nationals (%) 34.1 incl. Employers or own-account workers (%) 16.5 GDP per capita (Purchasing power parity, 2003) 15,209 males 67.6 Gross fixed capital formation per capita (in CZK, 2003) 52,718 Economic activity rate (2004)3 females 49.2 Net disposable income of households per capita (CZK, 2003) 125,033 1 Foreigners with visas over 90 days 2 Related to population aged 15+ 3 Share (%) of economically active persons from total population aged 15+ 4 in CZK, per employee in national economy (excluding armed forces), enterprise method (i.e. by head office of enterprise) 170 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Demography and social life - region compared with the Czech Republic

ds PC linked to Internet (%) 18,6 ent

pm PC (%) 29,8 househol Equi Fixed telephone line (%) 66,7 of

re Beds (social care establihments) per 1000 inhab. 7,8 tu c al i

tru Hospital beds per 1000 inhab. 7,3 s Soc fra

n Population per 1 physician i 237,1

Young unemployment rate (<25years) 21,2

Unemployment rate (LFS) 8,0 ogy al i Registered crimes per 1000 inhab. 30,6 hol Soc pat Infant mortality (in 000) 3,5

Abortions per 100 live-born children 42,4

Lone-parent households (%)** 13,5 ds ouse- hol

H Average no. of members in household** 2,46

Participation in tertiary education* 29,6 on i Edu- cat with GCSE or university (%)*** 41,7

aged 65+ (%) 14,5 Index (Czech Rep.=100) n e o i up to 25 years (%) 29,2 ur at ct u r Urban population (%) 63,4 st Popul Population density (inhab/sq.km) 158,9

80 90 100 110 120 130

Note. Fiigures in graph (beside bars) express value of indicator (in region), x-axis relation of this value to national level. * Share (%) of students aged 20-24 in total population aged 20-24 ** From Population census 2001 (all indicators in graph refer to 2003, expect for abortions and infant mortality which refer to 2001-2003) *** related to total population aged 15+

171 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Population and vital statistics: 1993/2003 the year 2003 again. All the sa- Population, 31 December1993 1,141,313 me, the population was by 19.4 thousand down on the year 1994. Live births (average for 1994-1998) 10,237 The population development is af- Deaths (average for 1994-1998) 12,485 fected by low birth rate in particu- Net migration (average for 1994-1998) 1,620 lar: he number of deaths has been Population, 31 December 1998 1,138,174 exceeding the number of births Live births (average for 1999-2003) 9,763 every year since 1994. Even the Deaths (average for 1999-2003) 11,942 positive net migration, which occur- Net migration (average for 1999-2003) 578 red in all the years except for Population, 31 December 2003 1,122,570 2001 and 2002, failed to offset the negative development of natural movement. Similarly to other re- A ge distribution of the population: 31 December 2003 gions, in this Region too is a very Total Total Men Women strong migration stream from the Age town of Brno to the district of Br- Thous. % % % no-venkov. The declining number of 0 - 14 168.2 15.0 15.8 14.2 marriages documents the view of 15 - 24 156.0 13.9 14.7 13.2 young generation on the institu- 25 - 39 259.3 23.0 24.3 21.9 tion of marriage. Given that the num- 40 - 54 235.6 21.0 21.6 20.4 ber of divorces is on a slight in- 55 - 64 140.9 12.6 12.2 12.9 crease, the divorce index (num- ber of divorces per 100 marria- 65 - 162.6 14.5 11.4 17.4 ges) is as high as nearly 60. The Total 1122.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 situation in birth rate is gradually becoming better, though the re- cipality, but a military district; the schooling—more than 30 univer- sulting figures are small, because smallest municipality in the Regi- sity faculties focused on humani- strong population cohorts from the on is Lhota u Olešnice with 36 in- ties, economics and technology. 1970s entered the childbearing habitants; the lowest population den- The Region has an advantageous period. In the year 2003, the birth sity is in the municipality of Záles- position on railway and road ne- 2 rate reached 8.9 live births per ná Zhoř – 7.5 inhabitants per km ). tworks of the highest categories. 1 000 mid-year population. The The quality of the environment is There are 21 administrative terri- number of extramarital births stea- also above the average, and the tories of municipalities with exten- dily increases—almost every child quality of services in the area of ded powers in the Jihomoravský of four is born outside marriage in tourism is steadily increased (accom- Region, 80 km2 to 1 242 km2 in size the Region now. The number of modation establishments, a dense and 12 thousand to 370 thousand deaths oscillates around 10.5 per network of cycle paths). There are in population. 1 000 mid-year population. places which attract tourists (Led- The Region has a strong tradition nice-Valtice complex, Podyjí Natio- The average age of the populaton of industrial production in its mid- nal Park, Slavkov battlefield, Brno in the year 2003 is 39.8 (women dle and northern areas and a tra- fairs, Moravský kras (the Moravi- 41.4, men 38.0) and increased by dition of specialized branches of an Karst)) and good conditions for 0.8 years from the year 2000. As agriculture—viticulture and fruit grow- congress tourism in the Region. for the age distribution of the po- ing—in the south. It has diversified pulation, the proportion of the industrial production, sufficient build- child component is diminishing, Eight years of declining ing capacities and a good level of while proportions of working-age population services. You can find there well- and post-working-age compo- educated population, available la- Following eight years of populati- nents are rising. Population aged bour force, a number of top health on decreases, the Jihomoravský 0-14, 15-64 and 65+ accounted establishments, a high level of Region’s population increased in for 15%, 70.5% and 14.5% in the Significant employers: by head office of enterprise, 2003 Name Head Office Activity No. of workers Ahold Czech Republic, a.s. Brno-sever Retail trade > 10 000 Fakultní nemocnice Brno Brno-Bohunice Health care > 4 000 Finanční ředitelství v Brně Brno-střed Public transport > 3 000 Statutární město Brno Brno-střed Public administration > 3 000 Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s. Brno-střed Transport > 2 500 Fakultní nemocnice U sv. Anny Brno-střed Health care > 2 500 Masarykova univerzita v Brně Brno-střed Education > 2 500 PENAM, s.r.o. Brno-střed Manufacture of baker products > 2 000 Vysoké učení technické Brno-střed Education > 2 000 ŽS Brno, a.s. Brno-střed Construction > 2 000 172 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Total population - development in region and CR (31 Decemeber)

3 Total population /Jihomoravský Region/ 1,145 Population increase /Czech Republic/ Population increase /Jihomoravský Region/ 2 1,140 )

inhab. 1 1,135 . ) . hous

0 1,130 hous (per t l (t e a t o rat h in t -1 1,125 ion, ion growt opulat -2 1,120 P opulat P

-3 1,115

-4 1,110 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Data since 2001 reflect the Housing and Population Census (1.3.2001) results and also include foreigners who were granted long-term stays (i.e. foreigners with visas over 90 days). Population decrease 2001 was influenced mainly by Census (1.3.2001), which found out lower population than that registered by yearly demographic statistics). Population growth rate was calculated as a difference between 1 January and 31 December (in 2001 population at 1 January was recalculated by Census).

Vital statistics Migration balance - internal and international migration 15 Live births 3,600 Net international migration 6,000 Net internal migration Deaths 3,200 Out-migrants (within Czech rep.) 14 In-migrants (within Czech rep.) 2,800 5,600 2,400 13

2,000 s nhab. 5,200

12 1,600 grant 1000 i -mi 1,200 per out ) , s 11 e 4,800 hs 800 anc grant deat (

400 -mi hs 10 t n on bal I r i 4,400 bi

e 0 grat v

Li 9 Mi -400

-800 4,000 8 -1,200

7 -1,600 3,600 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

173 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Agriculture: 1993 - 2003 Regionally, comprehensive evalua- Indicator 1993 2003 tion of macroeconomic indicators ranks the Region sixth—the Re- Agricultural land (ha) 427,790 426,294 gion accounts for 10% of national Arable land (ha) 359,227 358,062 GDP. A quarter of regional GDP Persons employed in agriculture, hunting is produced by manufacture, 16% and forestry (thous., LFS) 44.9 20.9 by trade, 13% by business ser- Yields of cereals (tonnes/ha) 3.82 4.06 vices, 5% by agriculture, and 8% Cattle stock, total (1 March) 221,611 81,108 by construction. The share of GDP per inhabitant reaches 91% of the Health care national average of 55% of the EU-15 average. Indicator Region CR The Region’s share in the gross No. of physicians per 1000 population 4.2 3.9 fixed capital formation of the cou- No. of beds in hospitals per 1000 population 7.3 6.5 ntry is below 9% and in the 4th Infant mortality (average for 1999-2003, ‰) 3.5 4.2 place among the regions. Gross fixed capital formation per inhabi- year 2003, respectively. Values of ments production and the produc- tant amounts to 76% of the na- the dependency index (the number tion of large plants for energy, tional average. Investments are im- of persons aged 65+ per 100 per- chemistry and refineries as well as plemented most in transport (21%), sons aged 0-14) are steadily de- the monopolization of tractor pro- manufacturing (20%), real estate teriorating: the index was 96.7 in duction. The economy shaped as (12%), and trade (9%). the year 2003. shown above and with its original strong textile production was then The second centre of learning heavily hit by changes in the ori- Low relative level of investment entation of the country’s economy Almost 700 nursery schools, more still exists and changes in market needs on than 450 basic schools, almost 60 The development of a modern eco- the one hand and by clumsily lost secondary vocational schools and nomic structure in the Jihomorav- foreign markets on the other hand. more than 130 secondary techni- ský Region, in which historical as Virtually all of these mentioned in- cal schools and grammar schools well as geographical factors had dustries are being phased out fast. – all of these make up the net- a considerable role to play, has The changes in the structure and work of school facilities in the Re- been on for more than 200 years the orientation of industrial produc- gion, which mostly satisfies re- already. Today’s regional metro- tion are far from being completed. quirements for placing children and polis of Brno used to be the capi- In agriculture, the Region remained young people in schools. The Jiho- tal of the Margraviate of Moravia, the biggest grower of cereals achi- moravský Region has the second and of the Moravian-Silesian Land eving highest yields as well as the highest proportion (next to Prague) later on, and developed according- biggest breeder of poultry and pigs of new entrants in the correspond- ly. Brno was a crystallization nu- in comparison with the other re- ing age population to secondary cleus of further industrial devel- gions even though employment in schools with GCSE as well as to opment: small factories first, then this industry is a only little above four-year and multi-year grammar industrial enterprises (textile fac- the national average and steadily schools. Brno is the second most tories at the beginning followed decreases. The sector of services significant centre of higher learn- by metal-working and engineering has a hundred-year tradition in the ing in the CR, second to the capi- enterprises), and later other bran- Region—be it administration, jus- tal city of Prague. One fifth of all ches of manufacturing. The Brno tice, culture, health or education— initial study students in the Czech area had belonged to the most in- and tends to develop further. It Republic receive education at 9 dustrialized areas of Austria-Hun- takes a supraregional position in universities located in three towns gary since the 18th century. The fa- all of these areas. (Brno, Vyškov and Lednice na Mo- vourable influence of the geogra- ravě). About half of them are stu- phical position of the Region was Pupils and students: dents of Masaryk University in Brno. primarily given by the position on school year 2003/2004 The Region’s population has a re- the line connecting the south and latively favourable structure of the north of Europe, which be- Type of school Thous. learning. According to the last came a reason for constructing roads Nursery schools 31.0 census, only 23.4% of the adult and railways of international sig- Basic schools 104.4 population had basic (incl. unfin- nificance, directly connecting the Grammar schools 18.1 ished) education (compared to Region with the neighbouring five Secondary technical schools 21.4 23.5% in the whole of the CR), regions of the Czech Republic and Secondary vocational schools 23.6 37.2% of the population aged 15+ with Austria and Slovakia. During Higher professional schools 3.1 had secondary education without the second half of the 20th century GCSE (the CR 38.0%), and 28.2% saw the strengthening of arma- Universities 45.4

174 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Share of males and females with secondary and university education - relation of region to the Czech Republic

6 Secondary with GCSE 6 Secondary with GCSE ) l

MALES e FEMALES University University v ) l e e l v 5 e 5 l

17,3 onal 17,4 18,5 i onal

i 17,0 18,3 4 4

16,9 16,5 16,8 17,9 on - nat

on - nat 16,5 regi 3 3 15,8 e: 9,7 regi

e: 11,9 renc e

15,2 f f renc 2 2 9,6 e f (di f

28,8 . 8,4 9,4 10,4 at 7,6 8,4 10,8

on (di 32,3 i 1 27,0 27,7 1 7,6 8,8 educ at 29,5 29,9 34,7 h

national level t 8,3 25,1 i 29,6 32,5 34,6

w 28,0 educ 25,8 s 0 national level h 0 e t i

w 24,4 30,1 26,5 27,4 mal s e 33,6 34,1 e f 32,6 23,1 26,0 -1 -1 23,7 of mal %

of 25,1 % -2 -2 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Note: Figures in graph express share of persons with secondary education with GCSE in total population aged 15+ in region, or share of persons with university education in total population aged 25+ in region

Access of households to information technologies Use of Internet by individuals (aged 15+) in 4.q.2003

80 45 Jihomoravský Region Jihomoravský Region 40 Czech Republic Czech Republic 66 67 40 ) 38

% 63 63 ( s s

e 35

c 60 ac

h 31 t i ) 30 w 28 29 )

(% 27 s eholds dual 25 i

40 v

hous 33 ndi ( 30 i 30 20 17 duals i 24 hare of 1919 S 15 14 indiv 19 13 20 15 12 12 e of 11

har 10 S 5 5 5 0 ) )

o o

t C C ile e P P

b 0 n e ed t ed t ( (

ed on r .

t t

net net i t e g r r r x t o s phone t i onal onal lin s er er e

Mo te n er ed e e

net i c net s ed e ephone s s

t t F i n i r

l r ti r er oadband n n n e In e e i 2003 2003 put put ed t t our er ev t t ve vi t us te e has n onnec onnec Per Per e n br m m q. q. a ev e c ed PC onnec publ l bank ) ov v In he I he I v o o c c Ha e th c en PC e t t a C Acti c c adm v a ng c r 4. 4. us k he I to he I pur H a P n n t H t a ni i i PC PC ( t H ai r Indivi- Households with Households with t duals Individuals, who From 100 users of Internet (4.q.2003) used given service 4th quarter of 2003 4th quarter of 2004 175 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Participation rate: by age group, % est increases being recorded for Total Men Women new community care service hou- Age group 1993 2003 1993 2003 1993 2003 ses and then for various charita- ble and asylum homes, hostels, Total 60.7 58.2 71.4 67.6 50.9 49.4 homes for mother with children, 15 - 19 39.3 4.9 42.6 4.0 35.9 5.9 etc. The number of state social 20 - 24 70.8 65.8 87.9 70.3 52.7 61.1 care support benefits has recently 25 - 29 79.8 78.0 95.0 93.9 63.6 61.5 dropped in the Jihomoravský Re- 30 - 34 90.0 85.5 98.8 97.5 80.8 72.8 gion. It is a result of the abolish- 35 - 39 92.9 91.7 97.1 97.8 88.7 85.4 ment of some benefits and more 40 - 44 93.6 91.4 97.7 94.0 89.4 88.8 stringent conditions introduced for 45 - 49 92.1 93.1 93.3 93.9 90.9 92.4 granting some benefits. 50 - 54 81.0 86.6 86.8 87.5 75.5 85.8 55 - 59 47.5 56.8 73.9 77.6 24.3 37.9 A decline of the industry, good 60 - 64 13.7 22.4 19.3 36.6 9.2 10.1 progressive services 65+ 6.0 3.8 10.4 6.1 3.5 2.3 The proportion of the Jihomorav- ský Region’s economically active Participation rate: by educational attainment, population aged 15+, % population does not reach the ave- Total Men Women Degree of education rage value in the CR. The partici- 1993 2003 1993 2003 1993 2003 pation rate of women is moder- Basic and no education 27.6 20.8 33.7 21.5 25.0 20.5 ately above the average, as is the Secondary without GCSE 71.8 68.3 80.0 76.6 60.2 56.3 participation rate in the age group Secondary with GCSE 71.6 65.3 75.6 69.7 68.7 62.2 of 45-59 years. The proportion of University 80.6 77.8 82.8 82.0 76.4 71.5 the economically active in the work- ing-age population has been mild- ly below the average value of this had secondary education with GCSE hments gradually increase in num- proportion for the CR for 40 years (in the CR 28.4%). As far as uni- ber the reason being the transfer already. The proportion of women versity education is concerned, the of health establishments under the in the total economically active difference between the Region and Region’s administration. Curren- population has been long differing the CR is bigger: 10.4% as against tly, there are over 70% of physi- from the average only marginally. 8.9%, respectively. Also the index cians working in non-state estab- of education—the population with lishments in operation. The num- The proportion of the employed in full secondary and university edu- ber of pharmacies also increased the primary sector slightly exceeds cation per 100 inhabitants over in number, by half compared to the proportion of persons employ- 25—was higher in the Region 1994. In late 2003 there were 23 ed in this sector in the whole of (46.8) than in the CR (45.3). Pre- hospitals, 7 specialized therapeu- the CR. Over last 10 years the dictably, its highest value belongs tical institutions, 214 pharmacies employement industry has been to the administrative territory of and dispensaries, 526 surgeries steadily decreasing in proportion Brno. The index was still above the of physicians for adults, 232 sur- to today’s value of less than 30%. national average in the adminis- geries of physicians for children Undoubtedly, a sizeable drop in trative territory of Kuřim (48.2), and adults, 602 surgeries of sto- employment in the industry in the while it was below the average in matologists, 121 surgeries of gy- Region’s centre—the city of Brno— the other administrative territories. naecologists, and 639 surgeries of had had an important role to play Its smallest values ever were re- physicians-specialists. In the course here: traditions of the Brno textile of time both the percentage of in- corded for the administrative terri- industry lasting more than 150 capacities for work and the aver- tories of Pohořelice (28.9), Mo- years came almost to an end, and age duration of one incapacity- ravský Krumlov (31.2) and Židlo- the tradition of mechanical and for-work case have increased, and chovice (33.0). These figures indi- electrical engineering is following both of the indicators stand above cate that the territorial differences suit after large enterprising em- the nationwide figures today. in learning were considerable. ploying several ten thousand The latest data on social care es- people had first limited and then tablishments reveal that there were closed their operation. The pro- Social care establishments 11 children’s homes, 29 social care portion of people employed in increase in number institutions for adults and young construction exceeds the national Like in the other regions, the num- people, 26 retirement homes, 26 average, and above-average em- ber of physicians increases gra- boarding houses for pensioners, ployment is also in market ser- dually in the Jihomoravský Region, and 61 community care service vices and services of mostly pub- too. The number of beds in hospi- houses in the Region in 2002. lic nature (education, health, so- tals seems to be stabilized, but it The number of social care estab- cial care, etc.). Employment in pro- is 9% down on the number in 1991. lishments and of places in them gressive services, also referred to Physicians in non-state establis- virtually rises every year, the high- as the quaternary sector, has been

176 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

General unemployment rate (ILO), registered unemployment rate (employment offices), vacancies 14 Vacancies, in total (Region) 10,000 General unemployment rate (Region) Registered unemployment rate (Region) Registered unemployment rate (Czech Rep.) 9,000 12 8,000

10 7,000

6,000 8

5,000

6 Vacancies 4,000 Unemployment rate, in %

4 3,000

2,000 2 1,000

0 0 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1q. 2q. 3q. 4q. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Note: Registered unemployment rate refers to the end of respective quarter

Share of selected groups in total number of unemployed* 50 Unemployed > 1 year (Region) Unemployed > 1 year (Czech Republic) 45 Aged < 25 years (Region) Aged > 49 years (Region) 40 Basic- or not completed education (Region)

35

30

25

20

15 Total number of unemployed = 100 % = unemployed of number Total

10

5

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 * refers to 31 December (respective year) 177 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Structure of disposable income of households 2000 by about a fifth, the excep- 1995 2002 tion being unemployed school gra- Per capita Per capita duates and unemployed young CZK CZK (national (national people whose number dropped by million million level=100) level=100) a fifth, too. The number of job ap- Allocation of primary income account of households plicants related to one vacancy Operating surplus exceeds the national average by a half. A third of the unemployed

ces and mixed income, net 25,230 102.7 35,243 95.0 r

u Compensation are on the unemployment benefit. of employees 64,434 91.7 111,070 95.3 Reso Property income 7,566 93.6 8,160 89.4 All categories of employees Property income 2,787 101.9 2,749 103.4 affected alike by incomes Balance of primary falling behind Uses income, net 94,443 94.3 151,724 94.7 Disposable income per inhabitant Secondary distribution of income account of households has been ranking the Jihomorav- Social benefits other ský Region sixth among the CR’s ces r than social benefits in kind 17,948 101.8 35,461 103.0 u regions for six years already. The Other current income reaches almost 96% of the Reso transfers 5,660 97.1 8,677 96.5 national average. The average mon- Current taxes on income, thly wage is the fifth highest; it was wealth, etc. 7,253 91.8 11,687 92.6 CZK 15 753 (a bit over € 500) at Social contributions 22,160 91.7 39,374 94.1 the close of 2003. Since 2001, the- Uses Other current transfers 4,047 98.8 8,974 98.4 re has been a slight tendency to Disposable income, net 84,592 96.7 135,827 97.0 diminish the lagging behind the average level of gross wages in the second highest (next to Pra- the tertiary one where they either the country. gue) for more than 10 years. increased the employment, by a tenth, or reinforced the ranks of The individual groups of occupa Enterprise in the Jihomoravský Re- unemployed people: since 1990, the tions fall behind the average in gion is at an average level, with rate of registered unemployment the CR about alike, namely by 10 an above-average proportion of the has risen sixteen times and now it to 15%; only the wages of manual self-employed with employees. The ranks the Region eleventh—a high- workers in the primary sector are educational level of the self-employ- er employment rate is only in the at the level of national average. ed is the second highest (next to Ústecký, Moravskoslezský and No tendencies concerning the ave- Prague, too). Olomoucký Regions. Around the rage hourly wages—educational

town of Brno and in the northern attainment dependency are obser- vable; only wages of university Above-average unemployment part of the Region are areas with graduates fall behind a little bit. practically in all districts average or above-average unem- ployment. In the southern part of Similarly, no mutual disproportions Since the 1990s, the development are observed in wages in individ- of the labour market in the Jiho- the Region, along the Austrian border, there are districts where ual age groups, either (i.e. dispro- moravský Region has been sha- portions that would indicate dis- ped by several factors. The trans- unemployment is clearly above the average or even extremely high in crimination in favour of some groups formation and development of ag- of employed persons). Hourly earn- riculture resulted in a steep reduc- some places. Similar areas also exist in the Region’s eastern tip, ings of manual and non-manual tion of employment in the primary workers are about the same and sphere—the employment dropped at the Slovak border. Except for two districts (Brno-venkov and Blan- correspond to the country’s aver- almost to a half. A number of pro- age. Comparisons of wages in in- duction enterprises with thousands sko) with slightly below-average unemployment, the unemployment dividual sectors and regions show of employees or even more slas- that persons engaged in non-market hed or wound up their operation, in all the other districts is higher than the Region’s average—in services are paid better (fourth pla- which especially applied to indus- cing) than those in market ser- tries such as manufacture of tex- some by more than a half. Ac- cording to labour offices, unem- vices (second placing) and that tile and clothing, mechanical and wages of persons employed in electrical engineering, manufactu- ployment in 2003 was above the average in the districts of Břeclav, agriculture are noticeably low (third re of building machines, manufac- lowest placing). ture of arms and ammunition, con- Hodonín and Znojmo while in the The proportion of social incomes struction, etc. The proportion of other districts it was lower than in gross incomes exceeds a quar- persons employed in the secon- both the Region and country’s ter and is in the middle of the list. dary sphere decreased by about averages. All categories has re- Households that get by easy with 10%. The employees made redun- corded an increase in the number income (according to their opinions) dant in the this sphere moved to of unemployed job applicants since

178 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Distribution of households (%): monthly net money income per person (%), in CZK, Microcensus 2002 Gross domestic product and disposable income 110 GDP per capita (Czech Rep.=100) 16001 a více Jihomoravský Region Net disposable income of household per capita (Czech Rep.=100) Czech Republic 14001 - 16000

12001 - 14000 105

10001 - 12000

9001 - 10000 100 8001 - 9000

7001 - 8000

6001 - 7000 95

Net income per person (CZK) person per income Net 5001 - 6000

4001 - 5000 National level = 100 % 90 3001 - 4000

do 3000 Share of households (%)

85 0 5 10 15 20 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Note: Data on disposable income are available since 1995

Specific emissions of main pollutants (REZZO 1-3) Structure of main pollutants by sources in 2003

7 Solids Big polluters (REZZO 1) Medium-sized polluters (REZZO 2) Small polluters (REZZO 3) Mobile polluters (REZZO 4) SO2 100% NOx 6 CO CxHy 90%

) 80% 2 5 70%

4 60%

50% 3 40%

30% Specific emissions (Tonnes/km emissions Specific 2 20%

1 10%

0% 0 Solids SO2 NOx CO NH3 Solids SO2 NOx CO NH3 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Jihomoravský Region Czech Republic

Land use - changes between 1990 and 2004 (31December) 20 Jihomoravský Region Land use structure (2004, 31 December) 16.8 17.3 Czech Republic 15 11.0 Water body 10 7.6 areas 2% Built up areas Infertile land 5 3.8 4.0 Permanent 2.6 2.8 2.3 2% grassland Forest land Roads 1.1 0.6 0.3 4% 28% 0 Other roads 2 % -1.6 Other Gardens, -5 8% Orchards, Railways -5.5 Vineyards, Handling areas -7.4 Hop-gardens Arable land Sport, recreation,

Increase (decrease) in % (2004/1990) (decrease) Increase -10 6% 49% greenery Other areas -15 2% -14.4

-20 Arable Gardens Orchards Vineyards, Permanent Forest Water Built up land hop- grassland land body areas gardens areas

179 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Tourism: 1996 - 2003 down the speed of natural devel- Indicator 1996 2003 opment of the transport networks noticeably, especially at the out- Guests in accommodation establishments 857,207 1,040,645 skirts of the Region. It affected From the CR 558,083 709,946 the road network in such a way From abroad 299,124 330,699 that in most of its indicators the Number of overnight stays 2,096,194 2,447,426 Region finds itself in the last third CR nationals 1,465,343 1,800,402 of the ranking of the regions. Foreign nationals 630,851 647,024 Transport routes pass through the Average length of stay (days) 3.4 3.4 Region to connect it not only with account for 19% (less than the coun- stands at 30% only, being the se- all of its neighbouring regions—it try’s average) and households com- cond smallest next to the Hl. m. has most of them in the CR: 5 plaining about their worsening finan- Praha Region and not changing national, 1 Slovak (Trenčanský) and cial conditions make up 36% (sligh- with time. The industry employs less 1 Austrian (Lower Austria) – but tly above the national average). than 30% of economically active also with many European countries. population (LFSS 2001), which is The most important road route is A strong potential of highly also the second smallest propor- the motorway D1 linking the Re- skilled labour tion. Seen from the angle of em- gion via Prague with the West ployment, food industry, textile in- European motorway system and, The region with an above-average dustry, manufacture of machinery area and above-average popula- after completion, the route via and equipment, and woodworking Ostrava to Poland and even fur- tion has more than 50% of its area are still significant industries. The Re- ther to the north. Heading for the covered with arable land, most gion’s export performance mildly among the regions. On the other southeast is the motorway D2 to exceeds the average. Nationally, the connect the Region via Bratislava hand, the proportion of the area Region covers almost the whole to the motorway networks of Slo- covered by forests is the third exports of tractors, three quarters smallest. Owing to favourable clima- vakia and Hungary. Of importance of exports of boilers and parts for is also the north-south transport route tic and soil conditions the Region’s office and data processing ma- crop production is focused on de- that links western Poland with Vie- chines, and half of the exports of nna (via Brno) and the Austrian manding plants. Almost one sixth textile non-cotton fabrics, special of the national output of cereals is motorway system. The west-east yarns and optical devices. route Plzeň – České Budějovice – produced here, with the biggest Brno – Trenčín is also frequented. yields per hectare compared to As the centre of the Region the town the other regions. Specialized agri- of Brno has a significant share in All these routes are part of the cultural production such as fruit the development of the tertiary European transport system, which growing and market gardening has sphere: historically, a land admi- also incorporates the road Vienna – Znojmo – Jihlava in the Region’s a long tradition, and of all the viney- nistration system and associated ards in the CR 90% can be found services (education, health culture, southwestern part where the road here. Also, most poultry and most justice, etc.) developed there. To- joins the motorway D1. pigs are raised in the Region, with day, central bodies of justice (the Brno –Vienna railway lines have the highest breeding intensity. The Constitutional Court, the Supreme existed since the first half of the share of the primary sector in total Court, the Supreme Administra- 19th century, the main ones being gross value added in the Region tive Court) are found there, as are Břeclav – Brno – Praha, Brno – Čes- is 5% only (the year 2001), and this the Ombudsman’s Office, 33 facul- ká Třebová, Brno – Vlárský průsmyk, sector employs 6% of economical- ties in state-owned and private uni- with connection to the Slovak arte- ly active population (LFS 2001). versities and top health and cultu- rial line Bratislava – Košice, and ral establishments. The tertiary sec- also Brno – Přerov with link to the The Brno area is the core of the tor accounts for almost 60% of gross Jihomoravský Region. With a num- Moravian north-south route Buda- value added in the Region and has pest – Břeclav – Přerov – Warsaw. ber of large textile, engineering a similar share of employees. and other factories it belonged to Air transport services, for the time the most industrialized areas of Potential to develop all types of being of mostly charter and freight Europe as early as the 19th cen- transport types, are rendered by the airport tury. The restructuring of the in- in Brno, which thanks to good dustry and recent changes in the In what is the Jihomoravský Re- weather conditions there also serves market, though, caused activities gion now, transport routes have as a backup airport for Prague of many large enterprises to de- been built for centuries to link the and Vienna airports. Region’s capital (and also the cline; tens of thousands of jobs Over a million visitors were lost in condequence and Moravian-Silesian Land before) employment moved from both pri- and the nearest and most remote From the international tourism point mary and secondary sectors to localities. The development was of view, the Jihomoravský Regi- the sphere of services. The industry neglected in the second half of on’s landscape and cultural histo- share in total gross value added the 20th century, which slowed ric areas take up the most significant

180 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Completed dwellings - in all buildings / in family houses Employment in major sectors (groups of NACE)

5,000 5 2004 Completed dweillings - total (Region) 23.7 Public of which in family houses (Region) 22.9 1998 services (L-Q) 4,500 Completed dweillings per thous. inhab. (Czech Rep.) 22.5 1993 Completed dweillings per thous. inhab. (Region) 4,000 4 32.6 Market 31.9 services (G-K) 3,500 26.4

3,000 3 10.4 Construction (F) 10.2 2,500 8.1

2,000 2 28.1 Completed dwellings Completed Industry (C-E) 28.8 1,500 33.9 Completed dwellings per thous. inhab. thous. per dwellings Completed 1,000 1 5.1 Agriculture, 6.1 forestry (A-B) 500 9.1

0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 % in total employment Note: data on dwellings in family houses are available since 1995 Overnight stays in collective tourist accommodation establishments in 2004 - by class

Other coll. establishments

Holiday dwellings, Czech citizens tourist lodging houses Foreigners

Tourist campsites

Other hotels, boarding houses

Hotelys ***** Hotels ****

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Overnight stays (thous.)

family houses—90.2% in 2001— position. This especially holds for The year 2003 brought an un- bigger than the national 86.3%. the Lednice-Valtice area (on the precedented rise in the number of The dwelling stock of the Jihomo- UNESCO List) with its two promi- tourists—over 1 million tourists sta- ravský Region included more than nent castles, Lednice and Valtice, yed temporarily in the Region. The 450 thousand dwellings, of which and extensive parks. Moravský kras Region is second to Prague as to 10.9% were unoccupied. Between (the ) is another sig- the number of multi-star hotels, the censuses in 1991 and 2001, nificant area where Punkevní jes- most of them being in the town of the number of permanently occu- kyně (the River Caves) Brno. Most foreign tourists, about pied dwellings increased by 2.7%, and Macocha (Gorge) are the best- one third of all, are from Poland (national figure is 3.3%). known localities. The area of Slav- and Germany, but a lot of visitors kov battlefield is a locality of Eu- come from Slovakia and Austria, After the decline in the 1990s, the ropean significance. Many historic too. The average length of stay sho- housing construction revived, (in two monuments are also found in Brno. rtened over last years and is about last years). Most dwellings were com- Znojmo is a historic town; it has 3.5 days now. Czech tourists stay pleted in family houses (over 40%). an extensive underground corri- longer than foreign ones. More than half the dwellings com- dor system is a starting point for pleted recently fall on the districts trips to the unique nature of the New dwellings around Brno of Brno-město and Brno-venkov. Podyjí National Park. The deve- There were 240 thousand houses Dynamics of the housing con- lopment of tourism in which cyc- in Region (Census 2001), of which struction is considerably affected ling and traditional vine-growing 13.6% of houses were marked as by the migration of the inhabitants are involved belongs to the Regi- unoccupied. Typical of the Region of the town of Brno to the sur- on’s strong points. is rather a large of proportion of roundings of the town.

181 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Economy and environment - region compared with the Czech Republic

Fixed assets acquired for environment protection (8) 8 007

Waste water treated (%) (7) 97,6

Population with public water-supply systems (%) 92,6

Population with public sewerage systems (%) 78,2 2,2 Overnight stays in tourist accomm. estab. per capita

Beds in tourist accommodation establish. per km2 4,4

Lenght of railway lines per 100 km2 11,1

Registered passenger cars (1) 339

Fixed assets per capita (CZK thous.) 6) 308

Completed state or municipal dwellings (1,10) 3,4

Completed dwellings, total (1,10) 14,1

Industrial activity sales per employee (CZK thous.) 127

Farms with agriculture land < 5 ha (%) 82,9

Arable land in total area (%) 50,7

Threatened households with children (5) 12,4 Disposable income per capita (CZK thous.) 121

Average monthly gross wage per emploee (4) 13 619

Employment in other services (%) (3) 32,1

Employment in public services (%) (2) 24,0

Employment in industry&construction (%) 39,1 Private entrepreneurs (1) 75,7

Expenses on R&D (% GDP) (9) 1,30

Gross value added per employee (CZK thous.) 458 Index GDP per capita (in PPP) 13 956 (Czech Rep.=100)

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

1) Per 1000 inhabitants 2) NACE L-O (Public administration and defence;Compulsory social security, Education, Health and social work, Other community, social and personal service activities) 3) NACE G-K, resp.P-Q (Wholesale and retail trade, Transport, storage and communications, Financial intermediation, Real estate, renting and business activities) 4) Work-place method (in 2001, CZK) 5) Share of families with children registered by social care authorities ("social needed persons") in total number of families with children (%, 2001) 6) Enterprise head-office method (i.e. seat of business), sum for period 1995-2001 7) Related to total waste water discharged into public sewerage systems (=100%) 8) Work-place method (i.e. real place of realization), sum for period 2000-2003 (CZK, per capita) 9) Average for period 2001-2003 10) Sum for period 1999-2003

Employers and own-account workers - males, females Part-time employment - males, females

14 Jihomoravský Region (Females) 22 12 Czech Rep., total (Females) Jihomoravský Region (Males) Czech Rep., total (Males) 20 12 18 10

10 16 8 14 8 12 Czech Rep. (males) 6 Jihomoravský Region (males) 10 6 Czech Rep. (females)

(females) Jihomoravský Region (females) 8 4 4 6 % in total employment in% total

4 2 2 2 % Employers, own-account workers in total employment 0 0

% Employers, own-account workers in total employment (males) 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

182 Jihovýchod cohesion area – Jihomoravský region

Position of region among system of european NUTS-3 regions (rank: 1 = highest value) Postion among NUTS-3 regions in given territory (number of NUTS-3 units) Region Czech NUTS-3 EU -10 EU-15 EU-25 Indicator (Jiho- Republic regions New Former total moravský) (CR) adjoning CR states states (1) (14) (27+14)1 (123)2 (1 091+14)2 (1 214)2 Value 159.0 129.4 126.2 100.8 120.3 116.6 1 Population density (2002) Rank x 3 / 14 13 / 41 21 / 117 552 / 1105 569 / 1208 Total population increase Value -2.4 -1.8 -4.0 -1.4 2.7 2.0 2 (1995-2002)3 Rank x 12 / 14 25 / 40 76 / 117 823 / 1078 887 / 1181 Natural population increase Value -2.1 -2.0 -0.9 -0.7 0.9 0.6 3 (1995-2001)3 Rank x 11 / 14 25 / 40 77 / 111 785 / 1078 851 / 1175 Mgration population increase Value -0.3 0.1 -1.6 -0.7 1.9 1.4 4 (1995-2001)3,4 Rank x 10 / 14 20 / 40 48 / 111 754 / 1078 792 / 1175 GDP per capita (2002), Value 13,398 14,315 10,912 10,966 23,164 21,172 5 in Purchasing Power Parity Rank x 2 / 14 14 / 40 19 / 121 983 / 1101 1000 / 1208 GDP per capita (1995), Value 9,967 10,660 7,882 7,118 16,869 15,233 6 in Purchasing Power Parity Rank x 5 / 14 19 / 40 12 / 115 974 / 1076 981 / 1177 Share of economically active Value 48.9 50.0 45.3 45.5 46.8 46.6 7 in total population (%, 2002) Rank x 11 / 14 24 / 41 32 / 123 333 / 986 354 / 1095 Sh.of economically active women Value 42.7 43.4 39.8 40.5 39.2 39.4 8 in total women pop. (%, 2001) Rank x 9 / 14 16 / 28 40 / 114 171 / 585 202 / 685 Employment in agriculture, Value 4.8 4.8 12.1 17.0 4.0 6.0 9 forestry and fishing (%, 2001) Rank x 8 / 14 24 / 40 89 / 113 465 / 1063 546 / 1162 Employment in industry Value 38.9 40.1 36.2 30.5 25.9 26.6 10 and construction (%, 2001) Rank x 13 / 14 24 / 40 31 / 113 129 / 1063 147 / 1162 Employment in Value 56.3 55.2 51.8 52.5 70.1 67.3 11 services (%, 2001) Rank x 2 / 14 10 / 40 33 / 113 861 / 1063 892 / 1162 Unemployment rate, total, Value 8.1 7.8 18.0 14.5 8.1 9.1 12 based LFS (%, 2003) Rank x 4 / 14 19 / 40 84 / 123 321 / 991 396 / 1100 Unemployment rate, women, Value 9.9 9.9 16.7 15.3 8.9 10.0 13 based LFS (%, 2003) Rank x 4 / 14 12 / 28 70 / 123 169 / 591 233 / 700 Unemployment rate, persons Value 21.9 18.6 26.7 32.3 15.8 18.4 14 up to 25 years, LFS (%, 2003) Rank x 4 / 14 10 / 28 69 / 123 107 / 494 172 / 603 Bed in hotels and similar establish- Value 15.0 24.1 15.2 10.5 26.1 23.6 15 ments per capita (2002) Rank x 10 / 14 28 / 41 25 / 118 623 / 1105 638 / 1209 1 Missing data of regions: 2 NUTS-3 regions in Silesia (all indicators apart from no. 1,7,15) were replaced by figure for whole Silesia region (NUTS-2) 17 NUTS-3 regions in Germany (indicators no. 8,13,14) were replaced by 5 respective NUTS-2 regions Different date : indicators no. 2 and 3 (all regions refer to 1997-99), indicators no. 12-14 (all regions refer to 2001), indicator no. 7 (all regions in Germany refer to 2001) 2 Missing data of regions: Germany - 439 regions (indicators no. 8,13 and 14), France - 100 regions (indicator no. 14) Greece - 51 regions (indicators no. 7,8,12,13 and 14), Netherlanads - 40 regions (indicators no. 9,10 and 11) Portugal - 30 regions (indicators no. 2-4, 6-8 and 12-14), Estonia - 4 regions (indicator no. 15) and Latvia - 4 regions (indicator no. 1) Different date : all regions in Germany - indicators no. 2 and 3 (1995-1999), indicator no. 12 (2001) all regions in Great Britain - indicators no. 7,12,13 and 14 (2001) all regions in Portugal, Cyprus and Luxemburg - indicators no. 9.10 and 11 (2000) all regions in Slovakia - indicator no. 15 (2003), and all regions in Scotland - indicator no. 15 (2000) all regions in Latvia - indicator no. 8 (2002) 3 Expressed as an average of yearly-increases (as a difference between mid-year population) 4 Migration increase is calculated as a difference between total increase and natural increase Source: DB Regio, Eurostat Note: Some figures (for CR and its regions) may differ (mainly due to revisions) from those stated in the previous part of this chapter. This table tries to describe region in a wider international context, indicators were selected to cover maximum of EU regions (in given time)

GDP (in Purchasing Power Parity) per capita in specific groups of NUTS-3 regions in 2002: Jihomoravský region, regions in neighbouring countries and cross-border regions (CBR)1 Minimum (country) Minimum (CBR) Average (CBR) Maximum (CBR) Maximum (country) National capital (NUTS-3)

Slovensko 31,4 119,7 Jihomoravský region

Polsko 26,7 130,8

Rakousko 67,2 173,7

Německo (Z) national 48,0 342,3 average

Německo (V) 47,8 121,1

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 GDP per capita, in purchasing power parity, EU 25 = 100 1 Cross-border regions include all NUTS-3 regions adjoining to the Czech Republic 183