DOCSLIB.ORG

Proposta De Um Modelo De Dinâmica De Sistemas Aplicado À Gestão De Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos Domiciliares De Curitiba

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proposta De Um Modelo De Dinâmica De Sistemas Aplicado À Gestão De Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos Domiciliares De Curitiba UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE GABRIEL MASSAO FUGII PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO DE DINÂMICA DE SISTEMAS APLICADO À GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS DOMICILIARES DE CURITIBA TESE CURITIBA 2019 UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE GABRIEL MASSAO FUGII PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO DE DINÂMICA DE SISTEMAS APLICADO À GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS DOMICILIARES DE CURITIBA Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-G raduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade, Universidad e Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Área de Concentração: Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Christian Luiz da Silva Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Alain Hernández Santoyo CURITIBA 2019 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Fugii, Gabriel Massao Proposta de um modelo de dinâmica de sistemas aplicado à gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares de Curitiba [recurso eletrônico] / Gabriel Massao Fugii.-- 2019. 1 arquivo texto (246 f.) : PDF ; 5,73 MB. Modo de acesso: World Wide Web Título extraído da tela de título (visualizado em 27 jun. 2019) Texto em português, com resumo em inglês Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade, Curitiba, 2019 Bibliografia: f. 221-243 1. Tecnologia - Teses. 2. Resíduos industriais - Curitiba (PR) - Estudo de casos. 3. Resíduos industriais - Política governamental - Curitiba (PR). 4. Política pública - Avaliação. 5. Variáveis (Matemática). 6. Análise multivariada. 7. Inovações tecnológicas. I. Silva, Christian LuiZ da. II. Santoyo, Alain HernándeZ. III. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade. IV. Título. CDD: Ed. 23 – 600 Biblioteca Central da UTFPR, Câmpus Curitiba Bibliotecário: Adriano Lopes CRB-9/1429 AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente, agradeço à Deus por ter me guiado até aqui. Agradeço ao meu orientador Christian Luiz da Silva pela orientação e oportunidade. Agradeço ao meu coorientador Alain Hernández Santoyo pela orientação e parcerias executas. À minha namorada Ana Luiza Dorigan de Matos Furlanetto, pelo apoio e compreensão nas horas ausentes. Agradeço as minhas irmãs Claudia Fugii e Juliana Fugii pela companhia e parcerias. Agradeço aos meus pais Julia Fugii e Claudio Fugii por toda educação fornecida. Agradeço à CAPES pela bolsa de estudo e a possibilidade de realizar o doutorado sanduíche no exterior. À banca de avaliação deste estudo, pelas contribuições e compartilhamento do seu conhecimento. Agradeço a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade e aos demais docentes por esta etapa. Por fim, agradeço todos os meus amigos e amigas que vivenciaram o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. RESUMO FUGII, Gabriel Massao. Proposta de um modelo de dinâmica de sistemas aplicado à gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares de Curitiba. 2019. 246 f. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia e Sociedade) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, 2019. A presente pesquisa trabalha com as consequências do atual padrão de vida da sociedade, a qual tem contribuído para o aumento da geração dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Tal crescimento se tornou um grande problema para a humanidade, pois necessita de formas para o seu equacionamento e disposição ambientalmente segura, preceitos da Lei Federal nº. 12.305, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, em 2010. A gestão aplicada hoje não consegue atender as prioridades estipuladas pela Lei, sendo caracterizada por não ser eficaz e onerosa, como demonstra a pesquisa que avalia a política municipal da gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos das capitais brasileiras. A falta de gestão de resíduos gera uma série de problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Assim, o objetivo geral desta tese foi propor um modelo de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, baseado em dinâmicas de sistemas, a qual visa auxiliar no planejamento e na tomada de decisão. O estudo é descritivo e utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental como técnicas para obtenção de dados primários e secundários. A elaboração do modelo também seguiu a metodologia da dinâmica de sistemas, que possibilitou a criação do modelo e o estudo de caso de Curitiba. A execução do modelo possibilitou a geração e comparação de cenários futuros, servindo de alternativas para novas ações, as quais seguiram os preceitos da Economia Circular buscando reduzir as quantidades de resíduos (orgânicos e recicláveis) destinados aos aterros sanitários, bem como promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social da cadeia de resíduos sólidos urbanos. A simulação gerou cenários que descreveram um sistema dinâmico das variáveis da cadeia de resíduos sólidos urbanos, permitindo evidenciá-las de acordo com o impacto e influência na evolução do sistema com o passar do tempo. A modelagem do atual modelo e a comparação com cenários futuros alternativos demonstrou a variação do custo de coleta e aterragem da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares e a quantidade final de resíduos destinados ao aterro sanitário. A pesquisa evidenciou que um sistema de tratamento descentralizado dos resíduos úmidos compostáveis somados a melhora das ações já realizadas possibilita alcançar os preceitos da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e da Economia Circular. Tais ações reduzem a quantidade de resíduos destinado para o serviço de gestão municipal, melhoram a segregação dos resíduos na fonte e consequentemente a sua reciclaGem e tratamento, além de reduzir o desperdício de materiais que seriam destinados para o aterro. Para tanto, o trabalho conclui que os resíduos necessitam ser separados em três tipos: rejeitos, úmidos e secos o que facilitaria no tratamento e aplicação de uma Economia Circular, ou seja, com o reaproveitamento dos resíduos e a redução da demanda por um aterro sanitário. Além da participação da sociedade na reivindicação e aplicação de uma gestão de resíduos sólidos domiciliares com a junção dos tratamentos centralizados e descentralizado para atender as prioridades expostas na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Palavras-chave: Gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Dinâmica de sistemas. Planejamento e tomada de decisão. ABSTRACT FUGII, Gabriel Massao. Proposal of a system dynamics model applied to the management of urban solid waste in Curitiba. 2019. 246 f. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia e Sociedade) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, 2019. The present research deals with the consequences of the current standard of living of society, which has contributed to the increase of urban solid waste generation. Such growth has become a major problem for humanity, since it requires forms for its equation and environmentally safe disposal, under the provisions of Federal Law nº. 12,305, which instituted the Solid Waste National Policy in 2010. The management applied today can not meet the priorities stipulated by the Law, and is characterized by not being effective and costly, as demonstrated by the research that evaluates the municipal policy of urban solids waste integrated management of the Brazilian capitals. The lack of waste management generates a number of environmental, social and economic problems. Thus, the general objective of this thesis was to propose a model of urban solid waste management, based on systems dynamics, which aims to assist in planning and decision making. The study is descriptive and used semi-structured interviews, bibliographic and documentary research as techniques for obtaining primary and secondary data. The elaboration of the model also followed the methodology of the system dynamics, which made possible the creation of the model and the case study of Curitiba. The execution of the model enabled the generation and comparison of future scenarios, serving as alternatives for new actions, which followed the Circular Economy precepts in order to reduce amounts of waste (organic and recyclable) destined to landfills, as well as to promote the economic and social development of the urban solid waste chain. The simulation generated scenarios that describe a system dynamic of urban solid waste chain variables, allowing them to be evidenced according to the impact and influence of the evolution of the system over time. The modeling of the current model and the comparison with alternative future scenarios showed the variation of the cost of collection and landing of the urban solid waste management and the final amount of waste destined to the sanitary landfill. The research evidenced that a system of decentralized treatment of the compostable waste added to the improvement of the already accomplished actions makes possible to reach the precepts of the National Policy of Solid Waste and of the Circular Economy. These actions reduce the amount of waste destined for the municipal management service, improve the segregation of waste at source and consequently its recycling and treatment, as well as reducing the waste of materials that would be destined for the landfill. The study concludes that the waste needs to be separated into three types: tailings, organic and dry waste, which would facilitate the treatment and application of a Circular Economy, that is, the reuse of waste and the reduction of the demand for a sanitary landfill . In addition to the participation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis Template
    IIIEE Theses 2010:06 Analysis of Drivers and Barriers for Personal Computer Re-use A case study of secondary PCs in Taiwan Aishan Hsieh Supervisors Naoko Tojo Thesis for the fulfilment of the Master of Science in Environmental Sciences, Policy & Management Lund, Sweden, June 2010 MESPOM Programme: Lund University – University of Manchester - University of the Aegean – Central European University Erasmus Mundus Masters Course in Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management MESPOM This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the Master of Science degree awarded as a result of successful completion of the Erasmus Mundus Masters course in Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management (MESPOM) jointly operated by the University of the Aegean (Greece), Central European University (Hungary), Lund University (Sweden) and the University of Manchester (United Kingdom). Supported by the European Commission’s Erasmus Mundus Programme © You may use the contents of the IIIEE publications for informational purposes only. You may not copy, lend, hire, transmit or redistribute these materials for commercial purposes or for compensation of any kind without written permission from IIIEE. When using IIIEE material you must include the following copyright notice: ‗Copyright © Aishan Hsieh, IIIEE, Lund University. All rights reserved‘ in any copy that you make in a clearly visible position. You may not modify the materials without the permission of the author. Published in 2010 by IIIEE, Lund University, P.O. Box 196, S-221 00 LUND, Sweden, Tel: +46 – 46 222 02 00, Fax: +46 – 46 222 02 10, e-mail: [email protected]. ISSN 1401-9191 Analysis of Drivers and Barriers for Personal Computer Re-use Acknowledgements First and foremost I want to thank my supervisor Naoko Tojo for her invaluable patience, input, guidance, support, inspiration and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Waste Management and Resource Recycling in Taiwan
    2015 International Conference on Waste Management Household Waste Management and Resource Recycling in Taiwan Ying-Ying Lai Deputy Director, Department of Waste Management, Taiwan EPA 2015 0 Speaker Ying Ying Lai Education Background Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University (2004-2007) - Master Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, (1981-1985) - Bachelor Working Experience(present) Department of Waste Management, EPA(1992– 2009,2010 – ) Current • Experience in waste management of Waste Recycling, Position: Household Waste and Industrial Waste. • Special policies or programs has participated including Deputy Extended Producer’s Responsibility, Recycling Fund Director of Management, "Four-in-One" Recycling Program, source Waste reduction programs, Environmental Science and Technology Management Parks, Industrial Waste Report and Tracking System, construction & demolition waste, Sustainable Materials Department, Management program. EPA Taiwan, Department of Supervision Evaluation & Dispute Resolution ,EPA ROC (2009–2010) Department of Water Quality Protection ,EPA (1988 –1992) OUTLINE Foreword EPR & Four-in-One Recycling Program 5R Related Programs Future Prospects 2 Natural Resources Deficient Population: 23 millions Area: 36,000 km² Population density: 624 person/km² (Urbanization： 78%) (Taipei City：9,956 person/km²) Energy imported > 98% Mineral imported > 80% Food imported > 70% 3 Strategies and Goals Strategies：5R ─ reduction ─ reuse ─ recycling ─ recovery ─ reclamation
    [Show full text]
  • Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan
    sustainability Article Municipal Solid Waste and Utility Consumption in Taiwan Hsin-Chen Sung 1, Yiong-Shing Sheu 2, Bing-Yuan Yang 3 and Chun-Han Ko 3,* 1 Ocean Conservation Administration, Ocean Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, Taipei 10043, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, Taipei 10043, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 School of Forest and Resources Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-2368-3176; Fax: +886-2-3365-4520 Received: 4 February 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 22 April 2020 Abstract: In Taiwan, 3,130,735 t of refuse for disposal and 4,113,808 t of recycled recyclable waste were generated in 2017. The government of Taiwan has been actively promoting a resource recycling program since July 1998. To pursue sustainability and locate waste minimization opportunities, the correlation between utility consumption and population and the quantity of refuse and recyclable waste from municipalities in Taiwan was studied. There are six special municipalities and 16 cities and counties covering a great variety of urbanization and settlement characteristics, such as registered populations, electricity, and water consumption. The above parameters of the municipalities were correlated with the quantities of refuse and recycled urban waste. Residential electricity consumption, overall population, and business electricity consumption were found to be major parameters correlating the generation of refuse and recycled urban waste. Due to their higher levels of business activities, the waste generation behaviours of these six special municipalities are more diverse than those of the 16 municipalities.
    [Show full text]
  • (E-Waste): Material Flows and Management Practices in Nigeria
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Waste Management 28 (2008) 1472–1479 www.elsevier.com/locate/wasman Review Electronic waste (e-waste): Material flows and management practices in Nigeria Innocent Chidi Nnorom a,*, Oladele Osibanjo b a Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria b Basel Convention Regional Coordinating Center for Africa for Training & Technology Transfer, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Accepted 29 June 2007 Available online 20 September 2007 Abstract The growth in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) production and consumption has been exponential in the last two decades. This has been as a result of the rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities, decrease in prices, and the growth in internet use. This creates a large volume of waste stream of obsolete electrical and electronic devices (e-waste) in developed countries. There is high level of trans-boundary movement of these devices as secondhand electronic equipment into developing countries in an attempt to bridge the ‘digital divide’. The past decade has witnessed a phenomenal advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) in Nigeria, most of which rely on imported secondhand devices. This paper attempts to review the material flow of secondhand/scrap elec- tronic devices into Nigeria, the current management practices for e-waste and the environmental and health implications of such low-end management practices. Establishment of formal recycling facilities, introduction of legislation dealing specifically with e-waste and the confirmation of the functionality of secondhand EEE prior to importation are some of the options available to the government in dealing with this difficult issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Waste Handling in Malaysia and Comparison with Other Asian Countries
    International Food Research Journal 23(Suppl): S1-S6 (December 2016) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Mini Review Food waste handling in Malaysia and comparison with other Asian countries 1Lim, W. J., 1*Chin, N. L., 1Yusof, A. Y., 2Yahya, A. and 3Tee, T. P. 1Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Article history Abstract Received: 20 July 2016 The increasing amount of food waste in Malaysia in recent years has brought many environmental Received in revised form: issues in the country where it affects the nation’s solid waste management framework. At the 4 October 2016 moment, the government is limited to other alternatives of food waste disposal besides the Accepted: 5 October 2016 conventional landfill and incineration methods. This paper provides information on the current status of food waste handling, management, regulations, and policies in Malaysia. It helps Keywords to draw the problem and challenge to a clearer view in efforts of achieving sustainable and integrative food waste handling in the country. Anaerobic digestion Asian Countries Composting Food waste Malaysia © All Rights Reserved Introduction high energy usage and technology. Incineration method is rarely applied for food waste treatment as Food waste is discarded on a daily basis due it creates air pollution (Zhang et al., 2014). Both of to living nature of human beings via agricultural, these methods are unsustainable for managing food industrial and domestic activities.
    [Show full text]
  • WEEE Management in Southeast Asia: Current Practices, Challenges and Measures 東南アジア等における電気・電子 廃棄物の現状・課題・対策
    3R Conference for Asian Local Governments October 5, 2017 WEEE Management in Southeast Asia: Current Practices, Challenges and Measures 東南アジア等における電気・電子 廃棄物の現状・課題・対策 Michikazu Kojima Chief Senior Researcher Institute of Developing Economies JETRO 1 Current Practices 2 E-waste Buyer on Street • Waste collector on street also buy e-waste from household or others. They bring e-waste to Junk shop. Computer, Monitor, Color TV, Printer, Refrigerator, Washing machine, Air conditioner, Printed Circuit Board, Copy Machine, Toner, Note book, Fax machine Waste buyer on a street in Beijing, May, 2006 3 Why is regulation on e-waste needed? • Different backgrounds of e-waste recycling regulation can be observed • Increase of treatment cost by local government or recycler • E-waste in Japan. • Pollution from recycling process • E-waste recycling in Taiwan and China. • Improper treatment of residues • CFC from air conditioner and refrigerator in Japan • Resource scarcity • Export ban on rare metals by China was a background of formulating acts on small home appliance recycling • Regulations try to change responsibilities of stakeholders, cost sharing mechanism, and design of products, such as change of materials. 4 Increase of treatment cost by local government • As economic development, amount of waste generated increases, waste contents become more complex. Local governments in Japan were bothered by the increase of waste treatment cost. • In early 1970s in Japan, local governments tried to impose waste collection and treatment responsibility on difficult waste such as plastic packaging, home appliances and tire. Although it was not possible to impose new responsibility on producers at that time, industries started to study the recycling technology and conduct pilot collection program.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling and Material Recovery in Cameroon: Implications for Poverty Alleviation and Ecological Sustainability
    Recycling and Material Recovery in Cameroon: Implications for Poverty Alleviation and Ecological Sustainability Von der Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften und Verfahrenstechnik der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von M.Sc. Fred Zisuh Asong aus Tiko, Kamerun Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Ertel Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Voigt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.01.2010 ii Dedication To: My lovely wife Lekeaka for her constant support and endurance for the years I have been away. My Dad (Zisuh) and Mum (Ajoache) for academic and moral upbringing. It has always been their dream to see me reach this level. My mother-in-law, Mama Grace Fonkeng for the lessons of endurance and commitment I have learned from her. iii Declaration I, Fred Zisuh Asong, do hereby declare that this doctoral dissertation entitled “Recycling and Material Recovery in Cameroon: Implications for Poverty Alleviation and Ecological Sustainability” carried out at the Chair of Industrial Sustainability and submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering at Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Germany in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a “Doktor-Ingenieur” (Dr.-Ing) is my original research. The thesis was supervised by Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jürgen Ertel, Head of the Chair of Industrial Sustainability at BTU Cottbus (main supervisor) and Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Hans- Jürgen Voigt, Head of the Chair of Environmental Geology at BTU Cottbus (co- supervisor). The thesis was defended on 27th January 2010 before an examination panel comprising Prof. Dr. Jur. Albrecht (Head), Prof. Dr. rer.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Sustainability Awareness in Entrepreneurship Education
    sustainability Article Integration of Sustainability Awareness in Entrepreneurship Education Jane Lu Hsu 1,* and Maja Pivec 2 1 Department of Marketing, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan 2 Institute of Design and Communication, FH JOANNEUM University of Applied Sciences, 8020 Graz, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Compared to topics such as creativity and strategic implementation in entrepreneurship education, sustainability has not been profoundly emphasized in programs. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining cross-cultural differences between the Austrian and Taiwanese educational contexts in terms of sustainability awareness in entrepreneurship among students in higher education. To conduct the study, students from both Austria and Taiwan were interviewed after developing a procedure to cross-examine their activities in programs, workshops, and team projects. The results indicated that students’ perception of sustainability differed according to sociocultural background: Taiwanese students tended to prefer individual responsibility and action, whereas Austrian students were more aware of the impact of industry and food production on sustainability. Such an approach could help students in both Taiwan and Austria to attain a better understanding of the sustainability problems that require entrepreneurial solutions. The uniqueness of this study lies in its cross- examination and cross-comparisons of sustainability integration in entrepreneurship education in Austria and Taiwan. Such comparisons provide educators and policymakers the opportunity Citation: Hsu, J.L.; Pivec, M. to engage in cross-cultural exchanges of knowledge and experiences from which they can learn Integration of Sustainability and adapt. Awareness in Entrepreneurship Education. Sustainability 2021, 13, Keywords: entrepreneurship education; sustainability; cross-national comparisons; Austria; Taiwan 4934.
    [Show full text]
  • Balancing the Life Cycle Impacts of Notebook Computers: Taiwan's
    Resources, Conservation and Recycling 48 (2006) 13–25 Balancing the life cycle impacts of notebook computers: Taiwan’s experience Li-Teh Lu a, Iddo K. Wernick b,∗, Teng-Yuan Hsiao c, Yue-Hwa Yu a, Ya-Mei Yang a, Hwong-Wen Ma a a Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, 10660 Taipei, Taiwan b EKM International, 269 Boulevard, Passaic, NJ 07055, USA c Department of Tourism Industry, Jin-Wen Institute of Technology, 99, Ann-Chon Road, 231, Taipei County, Taiwan Received 20 September 2005; accepted 1 December 2005 Available online 7 February 2006 Abstract We analyze the economic incentive structure as well as the environmental implications of the current national policy for recycling notebook computers (NB’s) in the nation of Taiwan. Using cost–benefit analysis and formal life cycle assessment (LCA) we critique the current program and recommend future improvements. The current policy requires manufacturers to pay a recycling fee for each unit sold domestically. These payments are channeled to third party recycling agents as well as consumers that return used NB’s. While sound in principle, the arrangement falls short of providing incentives for sustaining the domestic recycling infrastructure, scarcely covering operating costs and leaving little capital to develop new recycling technologies. The current program also fails to induce widespread consumer participation by relying on an economic incentive that compares poorly with the value obtainable from resale on the second-hand market. An environmental assessment of various end-of-life disposal options for NBs reveals that recycling for some components actually leads to greater negative environment impacts than the alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • 42604932.Pdf
    THE IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, PRICING AND RECYCLING POLICIES. ON RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE YEN-LIEN KUO Ph. D. 2006 Abstract Most large cities have waste crises at some time or other. MSW (municipal solid waste) is a major component of the waste stream of cities, the bulk of which derives from residents (households) rather than businesses. Since MSW is an increasing function of per capita GDP, MSW typically grows with development, and many cities in the fastest-growing economies have had to find ways to regulate the solid waste generated by households. This thesis set up a household waste disposal model in order to evaluate the scope for MSW management using instruments that change household waste disposal decisions. The model is estimated by a panel of data on MSW disposal in 18 cities in Taiwan and Japan. The estimations are then used to test the effectiveness of a number of policy options. The model shows that households elect to trade off storing/composting waste against the three main waste discarding options: legal dumping, illegal dumping and recycling. It is also shown that the household's decision to discard a unit of waste is based on each disposal option's marginal cost, including tariff, labour and disutility for storing/composting waste. The study confirms that the higher the frequency of non-recyclables collection, the less recycling and more waste dumping would be. This may be caused by a reduction in the marginal cost of dumping. For cities with garbage collection more than 5 times per week, decreasing the garbage collection frequency increases recycling and decreases garbage dumped.
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance Community Action Leads Government Toward Zero Waste
    Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives TAIWAN Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance Community Action Leads Government Toward Zero Waste By Cecilia Allen A garbage collector in Taipei separates bones from recyclable kitchen waste. (photo: Allianz SE) The island of Taiwan faced a waste crisis in the 1980s because of lack of space to expand its landfill capacity.W hen the government turned to large-scale incineration, the community’s fierce opposition n ot only stopped the construction of dozens of burners, but also drove the government to adopt goals and programs for waste prevention and recycling. These programs TAIWAN and policies were so effective that the volume of waste Population: 23 million Area: 36,192 km2 decreased significantly even while both population and gross Population density: 642/km2 domestic product increased. However, the government, by Average annual rainfall: 2,500 mm Average temperature range: 5ºC to 35ºC maintaining both pro-incinerator and waste prevention policies, Altitude: 0 - 3,952 meters above sea level Waste diversion rate: 48.82% has capped the potential of waste prevention strategies Waste generation: 0.942 kg/capita/day because large investments in incineration drain resources that Spending on waste management per capita: US $25.40 per year could otherwise be used to improve and expand them. Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives GLOBAL AllIANCE FOR INCINERATOR AltERNATIVES TAIWAN: COMMUNITY ActION LEADS GOVERNMENT TOWARD ZERO WASTE Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance | 1 Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives Global Anti-Incinerator Alliance In the 1980s, the combination of high population intended for composting.
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy Metals, Human Health -.::PROBICOU
    HEAVY METALS, HUMAN HEALTH AND OUR ENVIRONMENT Industrial workers improvise using sacks as protective gear, source: PROBICOU File photo Chemical discharge oozing out of an industry. This is a publication by: Pro-biodiversity Conservationists in Uganda (PROBICOU), Pro-biodiversity Conservationists in Uganda (PROBICOU), Plot 181 Bombo Road, Crown House Building (Ku-Biiri)P.O Box 34407 Kampala, Uganda Plot 181 Bombo Road, Crown House Building (Ku-Biiri)P.O Box 34407 Kampala, Uganda TEL: +256-414-532676, +256-782-393912, +256-712- 666340 TEL: +256-414-532676, +256-782-393912, +256-712- 666340 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Email: [email protected], [email protected] Supported by: The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC) H EAVY METALS, HUMAN HEALTH AND OUR ENVIRONMENT H EAVY METALS, HUMAN HEALTH AND OUR ENVIRONMENT Editorial team Robert Tumwesigye Baganda (Coordinator) Editorial REFERENCES Lee, C-H., Chang, S-L., Wang, K-M., Wen, L-C., 2000. Management Dr. David Ogaram 1. (3) K. Jay and L. Steiglitz, “Identifi cation and Quantifi cation of Vola- of scrap computer recycling in Taiwan. Journal of Hazardous Materials Consultant Toxicoligist tile Organic Components in Emissions of Waste Incineration Plants,” A73, 209–220. Mr. Paul Twebaze CHEMOSPHERE Vol. 30, No. 7 (1995), pgs. 1249-1260, identifi ed the (Program offi cer- Waste Management) Management of Heavy following volatile organic chemicals emitted from a solid waste incinera- Liu X, Tanaka M, Matsui Y. Electrical and electronic waste management tor stack: Ms. Sharifah Nakigozi in China: progress and the barrier to overcome. Waste Manag Res (Program offi cer- Biodiversity Conservation) 2.
    [Show full text]