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Food Security in the White Nile State of Sudan Food Security in The FOOD SECURITY IN THE WHITE NILE STATE OF SUDAN FOOD SECURITY IN THE WHITE NILE STATE OF SUDAN ANALYSIS OF 2010 STATE LEVEL BASELINE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY (Analysis of 2010 State level Baseline Household Survey) This study is one of the papers selected for funding by SIFSIA for the support of food security research and capacity building initiatives identified at the (Analysis of 2010 State level Baseline Householdlocal/state Survey)level. The main purpose of the research is to improve understanding of food security issues in Sudan and inform decision makers about the evolving food security situation in the selected States. The main expected outcome of such studies should be an Conducted enhanced decentralized capacity in food security analysis and in food security policy and planning. FOOD SECURITY TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT / MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (FSTS) FAO- SUDAN INTEGRATED FOOD SECURITY INFORMATION FOR ACTION (SIFSIA) KHARTOUM, SUDAN JUNE - 2011 SIFSIA project :: is funded by European Union Stabex Funds and jointly implementedi by the Government of Sudan and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). The project aims at strengthening the government capacity in collecting, analysing disseminating, and utilizing food security information. For more information visit www.fao.org/sudanfoodsecurity/en FOOD SECURITY IN THE WHITE NILE STATE OF SUDAN CONTENTS CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF APPENDICESf .......................................................................................................................................... vi PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 3 PART I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 The concept of food security .................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Approaches to studying and measuring food security ................................................................. 8 1.4 Rationale and objectives of the study .................................................................................................. 9 1.5 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 10 PART II: OVERVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY IN WHITE NILE STATE ................................................... 15 2.1 Basic characteristics of the White Nile State .................................................................................. 15 2.2 The agricultural setup ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Cropping and food security ................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Productivity .............................................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.2 Production of cereal foods ................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.3 Risks of crop failure .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.4 Sorghum tradability .............................................................................................................................. 21 PART III: SURVEY RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1 Occupation in households ...................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Food and nutritional security ............................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Extent of households’ food production and disposal ................................................................. 25 3.4 Nutritional Security .................................................................................................................................. 28 3.5 Food security correlates ......................................................................................................................... 32 i FOOD SECURITY IN THE WHITE NILE STATE OF SUDAN 3.5.1 Awareness about food security ........................................................................................................ 32 3.5.2 Deprivation by household-head occupation .............................................................................. 33 3. 5.3 Household crop production and agricultural areas ............................................................... 34 3.5.4 Crop yields ................................................................................................................................................ 36 3.5.5 Crop sales by deprivation status ..................................................................................................... 37 3.5.6 Household incomes ............................................................................................................................... 38 3.5.7 Dependency .............................................................................................................................................. 40 3.5.8 Household Sex ......................................................................................................................................... 41 3.6 Food crisis and coping strategies........................................................................................................ 42 3.6.1 Risks and coping strategies ............................................................................................................... 42 3.6.2 Households’ asset base ........................................................................................................................ 45 3.7. Social services ............................................................................................................................................ 47 3.7.1 Education and health ........................................................................................................................... 47 3.7.2 Water, sanitation and energy ............................................................................................................ 50 3.8 Vulnerability estimates ........................................................................................................................... 52 3.9 Demanded interventions by households ......................................................................................... 57 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 58 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................... 60 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................................ 62 ii FOOD SECURITY IN THE WHITE NILE STATE OF SUDAN LIST OF FIGURE Fig 1: White Nile State 15 Fig 2: Weighted average yield of cereals (sorghum, millet, wheat) 17 Fig 3: Development of average yields of cash crops 1971/72-2006/07 18 Fig 4: Development of total cereal production 1971/72-2006/07 19 Fig 5: Incidence of crop failure 1971/72-2006/07 20 Fig 6: Sorghum price differential in selected markets over Kosti price 21 Fig 7: Average energy intake by locality (Kcal/capita/day) 28 Fig 8: Average energy intake of food-secure and food-deprived population by locality 30 Fig 9: Distribution of energy sources of nutritionally secure and insecure population (%) 30 Fig 10: Per capita consumption of main cereal crops 31 Fig 11: Average consumption of different food groups by Nutritionally-secure and 32 nutritionally-insecure population Fig 12: Relationship between households’ ratings of their food security condition and 33 computed food security status Fig 13: Average energy intake by occupation for food-secure and food-deprived 34 Fig 14: Per capita annual income (SDG) by source for food-secure and food-deprived 39 households Fig 15: Per capita
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