Collaboration and Embodiment in Networked Music Interfaces for Live Performance
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P2P Business Applications: Future and Directions
Communications and Network, 2012, 4, 248-260 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2012.43029 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/cn) P2P Business Applications: Future and Directions Pankaj Pankaj, Micki Hyde, James A. Rodger MIS and Decision Sciences, Eberly College of Business & Information Technology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, USA Email: [email protected] Received May 20, 2012; revised June 18, 2012; accepted July 17, 2012 ABSTRACT Since the launch of Napster in June 1999, peer-to-peer technology (P2P) has become synonymous with file sharing ap- plications that are the bane of the recording industry due to copyright infringements and consequent revenue losses. P2P promised a revolution in business computing which has not arrived. It has become synonymous with illegal file sharing and copyright violations. Meanwhile the information systems industry has undergone a paradigm change, and we are supposedly living in a world of cloud computing and mobile devices. It is pertinent to examine if P2P, as a revolution- ary technology, is still relevant and important today and will be in future. One has to examine this question in the con- text of the fact that P2P technologies have matured but have however had limited adoption outside file-sharing in the consumer space. This paper provides a detailed analysis of P2P computing and offers some propositions to answer the question of the relevancy of P2P. It is proposed that P2P is still a relevant technology but may be reshaped in the com- ing years in a different form as compared to what exists today. -
Network Neutrality: a Matter Suitable for Public Policy
Prof. Ing. Vittorio Trecordi Comitato Scientifico FUB Politecnico di Milano – ICT Consulting SpA “Neutralità della rete e aspetti socio-economici” Roma – May 14, 2009 Putting things into context Network Neutrality: a matter suitable for public policy X Network Neutrality is about establishing policy rules on the behaviour of network providers - The focus is on broadband Internet X The term is being used in a lot of different contexts, covers a number of topics and creates matters suitable for public policy in many regions of the World: - Protection against anti-economic behaviours: • Traffic discrimination (e.g. prioritization) to favour the business of the network provider - Protection of individual rights: • Inspecting traffic to apply traffic management policies or to derive information suitable for targeted advertisement (Privacy concern) • Discriminating the access to network resources (Digital Divide, Free Speech, limitation of end-users’ property rights and barriers to innovation) - Protection of commercial rights : • Inspecting traffic and blocking protocols used to share contents (Digital rights protection) - Protection against terrorism and crime: • Inspecting and blocking traffic that compromise the capability to identify users and to apply content interception (Non-repudiation and lawful interception) Intervento di Vittorio Trecordi – Comitato Scientifico FUB Date: 14/05/2009 Neutralità della rete e aspetti socio-economici Pagina 2 Putting things into context Network Neutrality: a matter suitable for public policy X Distinguish -
Gender, Ethnicity, and Identity in Virtual
Virtual Pop: Gender, Ethnicity, and Identity in Virtual Bands and Vocaloid Alicia Stark Cardiff University School of Music 2018 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv INTRODUCTION 7 EXISTING STUDIES OF VIRTUAL BANDS 9 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 13 METHODOLOGY 19 THESIS STRUCTURE 30 CHAPTER 1: ‘YOU’VE COME A LONG WAY, BABY:’ THE HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGIES OF VIRTUAL BANDS 36 CATEGORIES OF VIRTUAL BANDS 37 AN ANIMATED ANTHOLOGY – THE RISE IN POPULARITY OF ANIMATION 42 ALVIN AND THE CHIPMUNKS… 44 …AND THEIR SUCCESSORS 49 VIRTUAL BANDS FOR ALL AGES, AVAILABLE ON YOUR TV 54 VIRTUAL BANDS IN OTHER TYPES OF MEDIA 61 CREATING THE VOICE 69 REPRODUCING THE BODY 79 CONCLUSION 86 CHAPTER 2: ‘ALMOST UNREAL:’ TOWARDS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIRTUAL BANDS 88 DEFINING REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY 89 APPLYING THEORIES OF ‘REALNESS’ TO VIRTUAL BANDS 98 UNDERSTANDING MULTIMEDIA 102 APPLYING THEORIES OF MULTIMEDIA TO VIRTUAL BANDS 110 THE VOICE IN VIRTUAL BANDS 114 AGENCY: TRANSFORMATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY 120 CONCLUSION 133 CHAPTER 3: ‘INSIDE, OUTSIDE, UPSIDE DOWN:’ GENDER AND ETHNICITY IN VIRTUAL BANDS 135 GENDER 136 ETHNICITY 152 CASE STUDIES: DETHKLOK, JOSIE AND THE PUSSYCATS, STUDIO KILLERS 159 CONCLUSION 179 CHAPTER 4: ‘SPITTING OUT THE DEMONS:’ GORILLAZ’ CREATION STORY AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF AUTHENTICITY 181 ACADEMIC DISCOURSE ON GORILLAZ 187 MASCULINITY IN GORILLAZ 191 ETHNICITY IN GORILLAZ 200 GORILLAZ FANDOM 215 CONCLUSION 225 -
Virtual Celebrities and Consumers: a Blended Reality
Virtual Celebrities and Consumers: A Blended Reality How virtual celebrities are consumed in the East and West Author: Thuy Duong Hoang (115821) Yidan Su (115392) Supervisor: Claus Springborg Master’s Thesis, MSocSc Management of Creative Business Processes Copenhagen Business School Date of submission: May 15, 2019 Pages: 117 (31.960 words, 202.544 characters) excl. front page, bibliography and appendix Abstract The goal of this study is to research how virtual celebrities are consumed in the East and West. The digital revolution has led to a surge in circulation of information. This has contributed to the transformation of human attention from an innate information gathering tool to a profitable resource, paving the way for the economy of attention. Therefore, it is significant for marketers and companies to understand how to attract attention. As celebrities enjoy large amounts of attention, they have been widely used in endorsement campaigns. Yet, their human flaws can still lead to scandals. Therefore, we argue that virtual celebrities can be used as an alternative. They are a new type of celebrity, who are able to perform ‘real life’ activities and earn money. Examples from the East include the virtual singer Hatsune Miku and the virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI, while the West is represented by the virtual band Gorillaz, or virtual model Lil Miquela, among others. A descriptive approach is used to describe the preferences of Eastern and Western consumers in context of virtual celebrities. Our research philosophy consists of objectivism and positivism. Applying a deductive research strategy, we draw hypotheses from literature, which will be tested using quantitative methods. -
Cdns, Real Time Streaming, Multimedia Platforms & Video Service Providers
Πολυμεσικό Υλικό στο Internet: Συγχρονισμός, Επεξεργασία και Διακίνηση Multimedia content delivery in the Internet: CDNs, Real Time Streaming, Multimedia platforms & video service providers Β. Μάγκλαρης <[email protected]> Μ. Γραμματικού <[email protected]> Δ. Καλογεράς <[email protected]> www.netmode.ntua.gr Outline • Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) • Video on Demand servers/clouds • Real Time Streaming Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network • The first generation CDNs were not encountered before the late 90′s • CDN is a large distributed system of servers deployed in multiple data centers across the Internet • It serves content to end-users with high availability and high performance • It serves a large fraction of the Internet content : – including web objects (text, graphics and scripts), downloadable objects (media files, software, documents), applications (e-commerce, portals), live steaming media, on-demand streaming media, and social networks Single server distribution and CDN distribution CDN Providers uses different Business Model • Google maintains it’s own delivery network consisting of large number of GGC (Google Global Cache) nodes placed on ISPs network and help in serving Google’s static content • Akamai (whose core business is into Cache delivery) put their servers on large number of edge networks but they stay as disconnected small islands • New comers in the industry like Limelight, Cloudflare put node in major datacenter and direct connection to major networks -
Designing ISP-Friendly Peer-To-Peer Networks Using Game-Based Control
Designing ISP-friendly Peer-to-Peer Networks Using Game-based Control Vinith Reddy∗, Younghoon Kimy, Srinivas Shakkottai∗ and A.L.Narasimha Reddy∗ ∗Dept. of ECE, Texas A&M University Email: fvinith reddy, sshakkot, [email protected] yDept. of CS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Email: [email protected] Requests Abstract—The rapid growth of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in P2P the past few years has brought with it increases in transit cost to Internet Service Providers (ISPs), as peers exchange large ISP 2 amounts of traffic across ISP boundaries. This ISP oblivious behavior has resulted in misalignment of incentives between P2P mTracker 2 networks—that seek to maximize user quality—and ISPs—that ��������� would seek to minimize costs. Can we design a P2P overlay that accounts for both ISP costs as well as quality of service, and mTracker 1 mTracker 3 ISP 1 ������������ ��������� ISP 3 attains a desired tradeoff between the two? We design a system, which we call MultiTrack, that consists of an overlay of multiple mTrackers whose purpose is to align these goals. mTrackers split demand from users among different ISP domains while trying to P2P P2P minimize their individual costs (delay plus transit cost) in their ISP domain. We design the signals in this overlay of mTrackers Requests Requests in such a way that potentially competitive individual optimization goals are aligned across the mTrackers. The mTrackers are also capable of doing admission control in order to ensure that users Fig. 1. The MultiTrack architecture. Multiple trackers, each following who are from different ISP domains have a fair chance of being individual optimizations, achieve an optimal delay-cost tradeoff. -
Managing Broadband Networks: a Policymaker’S Guide
Managing Broadband Networks: A Policymaker’s Guide George Ou The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation MANAGING BROADBAND NETWORKS: A POLICYMAKER’S GUIDE George Ou December 2008 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION Table of Contents I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 II. Managing Broadband Networks: A Policymaker’s Guide ................................................................ 6 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................6 The Debate About Net Neutrality .......................................................................................................... 7 The Evolution of Networks and Network Management ....................................................................... 8 A. Circuit-Switching Networks Used in the Telephone System .............................................................................8 B. Packet-Switching Networks such as the Internet ..............................................................................................10 C. The need for Quality of Service (QoS) on Packet-Switching Networks .......................................................10 Static vs. Dynamic Rationing of Network Capacity .............................................................................12 Jacobson’s Algorithm: A TCP Congestion-Control Mechanism Built into the -
Web Services' Integration Into a Peer-To-Peer Bittorrent Client
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Web Services’ Integration into a Peer-to-Peer BitTorrent Client Francisco A. Barbosa Thesis submitted for the degree of Master in Electrical and Computers Engineering Major in Telecommunications Supervisor: Maria Teresa Andrade (Ph.D.) Supervisor: Asdrúbal Costa (Ing.) March, 2009 Resumo Actualmente, quando se fala em computação distribuída e disseminação rápida de dados, a primeira tecnologia em que se pensa é em sistemas peer-to-peer. Este método alternativo de co- municação, por oposição à tradicional arquitectura cliente-servidor, permite que, numa rede, todos os nós comuniquem simultaneamente entre si, aumentando a rapidez e a eficiência das transmis- sões de dados. Tomando em consideração este facto, não é pois de estranhar que esta seja a tecnologia adoptada no âmbito do projecto europeu MOSAICA, um projecto que pretende fornecer uma plataforma para que conteúdos multimédia de diversas culturas, etnias e religiões possam ser disseminados por todo o mundo, numa tentativa de promover a igualdade e tolerância entre povos e combater as diferenças culturais através do conhecimento das mesmas. Esta dissertação pretende não só analisar as tecnologias inerentes à rede MOSAICA, como também contribuir com ferramentas que tornem este projecto mais próximo do seu objectivo: fazer com que os conteúdos que circulam na rede MOSAICA cheguem a qualquer lado e que possam ser acedidos a partir de qualquer lado, com a máxima simplicidade possível. Em particular, o objectivo desta tese é o de especificar e desenvolver uma aplicação Web e respectivos módulos de suporte, tornando possível a interacção com um cliente BitTorrent, permitindo a qualquer utilizador com ligação Internet e um browser Web usufruir das mesmas vantagens que um utilizador de redes peer-to-peer, podendo aceder aos conteúdos distribuídos nessa rede, com hipótese de transferir os mesmos para o seu computador, sem necessidade de estar associado à rede peer-to-peer e, consequentemente, sem necessidade de instalar qualquer tipo de software peer-to-peer. -
Project Based Learning Clubs Accolades Principal's
HARMONY MIDDLE SCHOOL ANNUAL REPORT 2019-2020 PRINCIPAL’S MESSAGE We are so glad to share our successes th with you this year in our 8 Annual Report. We had some big ones like PROJECT BASED LEARNING being re-designated as a School to Watch for the second time and being The 6th grade students participated in their the only Loudoun County middle school first PBL Experience of 6th grade science named as a Project Based Learning (PBL) called The Rocket Launch. Students worked Wall-to-Wall School. We also had in teams to design, create, and test rockets. successes in our music department, with Students went through the scientific the Odyssey of the Mind teams, method during this experience; changing academic, and even local sports programs with our Harmony kids the independent variables (amount of water used) for each launch. participating. Most of all, we each made progress as individuals. Hopefully we all More PBL can be found on pages 2-4. became kinder and politer to each other, became more aware of safety issues, and became more culturally CLUBS sensitive. All we ask is to keep improving Despite missing our last couple of meetings and being better people. Regardless of this year, the Latin Club had a great year of school location (on site or through fun and exploring the ancient world! Some distant learning), our students have of our activities included building Roman- shown us great things and great themed gingerbread houses, hosting the potential. We encourage them to keep Woodgrove Latin Club for Olympic Games, working hard to be better. -
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On ISP-Friendly Rate Allocation for Peer-Assisted Vod
On ISP-Friendly Rate Allocation for Peer-Assisted VoD Jiajun Wang Cheng Huang Jin Li Univ. of California, Berkeley Microsoft Research Microsoft Research Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. Redmond, WA, U.S.A. Redmond, WA, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT ing demand is adding significant pressure to existing server- Peer-to-peer (P2P) content distribution is able to greatly re- based infrastructures, such as data centers and content dis- duce dependence on infrastructure servers and scale up to tribution networks (CDNs), which are already under heavy the demand of the Internet video era. However, the rapid burden living up to their current load. As a result, high- growth of P2P applications has also created immense burden profile failures are not uncommon, such as MSNBC’s demo- on service providers by generating significant ISP-unfriendly cratic presidential debate webcast mess and the Operah web traffic, such as cross-ISP and inter-POP traffic. In this work, show crash, not to mention that Internet itself is predicted we consider the unique properties of peer-assisted Video-on- to melt down if online video becomes mainstream [2]. Demand (VoD) and design a distributed rate allocation al- Fortunately, on the heel of such crisis, comes the help gorithm, which can significantly cut down on ISP-unfriendly of peer-to-peer (P2P) technology. Indeed, Internet video traffic without much impact on server load. Through exten- streaming (both on-demand and live broadcast) using vari- sive packet-level simulation with both synthetic and real- ous peer-to-peer or peer-assisted frameworks has been shown world traces, we show that the rate allocation algorithm can to greatly reduce the dependence on infrastructure servers, achieve substantial additional gain, on top of previously pro- as well as bypass bottlenecks between content providers and posed schemes advocating ISP-friendly topologies.