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  • 1 - ニューヨークだより(IPA)2009 年 5 月.Doc

    1 - ニューヨークだより(IPA)2009 年 5 月.Doc

    ニューヨークだより(IPA)2009 年 5 月.doc 「コンテンツ配信（CDN ）技術と P2P 技術を巡る動向」 市川類＠JETRO/IPA NY １．はじめに 近年、動画コンテンツなどの多量・大容量の情報・コンテンツが、インターネ ットを通じて流通・配信されるようになってきているが、その背景には、これら を可能とするようなコンテンツ配信技術の存在がある。 もともと、インターネットのアーキテクチャーは、米国で開発され、普及が開 始された。そのインターネットに関し、このような多量・大容量の情報・コンテ ンツを効率的に配信することを可能にする技術についても、米国を中心に開発さ れ、ビジネス化されてきている。 その際、米国においては、このようなインターネット関連の技術が単に生まれ るだけでなく、ベンチャー企業を中心にその技術をビジネス化し、収益をあげよ うとする志向が強いように見受けられる。具体的には、以下のとおり。 ・ CDN （Contents Delivery Network ）技術については、MIT の技術を元に、大学 発ベンチャーとして、Akamai がビジネスを開始し、シェアの大半を握るとと もに、急成長を遂げてきている。また、最近は、他にも多くのベンチャー企業 が競合しつつある。 ・ P2P （Peer to Peer ）技術については、当初は、著作権問題で、ビジネスとし ては非常に厳しい状況に陥ったものの、その後、有料コンテンツ配信ビジネス に加え、近年、新たにコンテンツ配信技術として、ビジネス化に向け試行錯誤 が進展しつつある。 このような問題意識のもと、本報告では、米国における、インターネットに係 る CDN 技術と P2P 技術を巡るそのビジネス動向及び P2P 技術に係る各種課題を 巡る対応状況について、報告する。 ２．コンテンツ配信技術の位置付けとその概要 （１）インターネットにおけるコンテンツ配信技術の位置付け ＜インターネットの仕組み＞ インターネットとは、一定の共通のプロトコルでつながれた、いわゆる「ネッ トワークのネットワーク」であり、多くの ISP （Internet Service Provider ）が保 有するネットワーク（あるいは、ISP が契約する通信事業者が保有するネットワ ーク）によって構成されている。 - 1 - ニューヨークだより(IPA)2009 年 5 月.doc 1 インターネットの位置付け（イメージ） ISP ISP ISP 企業内 LAN ISP ISP サーバー等 インターネット・サービス・ プロバイダー（ISP ） 個人ユーザー このような中で、各 ISP においては、各ユーザー（クライアント）と契約を行 うことによって収入を確保する一方、ユーザーのアクセスポイントとなる部分や 各ノードにおいて、サーバー（クライアント・サーバー）やルーターを有し、そ こで一旦ユーザー（クライアント）の情報を保存し、他のユーザーに向けて情報 を配信したり、あるいは、他のユーザーに対して要求して得た情報を蓄積したり するなど、双方向でのやりとりを行うことになる。 ＜トラフィックの増加とコンテンツ配信技術の位置付け＞ 現在、インターネット上では、文字情報から画像、動画に至るまで、様々なコ ンテンツ情報が配信されており、そのインターネット上に流れる情報・コンテン ツの量（トラフィック）も年々増加の一途を辿っている。 2008 年 9 月に発表された TeleGeography の報告によると、世界におけるイン ターネットトラフィックは、2007 年半ばから 2008 年半ばの 1 年間で 53 ％増加し ており、米国の主要都市でも