CD 87-2º De Alcance 20 De Abril De 2009 "Nuestro Sistema Ha Fallado En Cuestiones Fundamentales

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CD 87-2º De Alcance 20 De Abril De 2009 SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE ECONOMÍA, MINISTERIO SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA DE ECONOMÍA Y ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL Y HACIENDA SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL CUADERNO DE DOCUMENTACION Número 87-2º (alcance) Alvaro Espina Vocal Asesor 20 Abril de 2009 CD 87-2º de alcance 20 de Abril de 2009 "Nuestro sistema ha fallado en cuestiones fundamentales. Corregirlo requerirá una reforma en profundidad. No modestas reparaciones marginales, sino nuevas reglas de juego." Timothy F. Geithner, Secretario del Tesoro “La madre de Nicholas Hughes, como la de Sylvia Plath y la mía, Anne Sexton, sucumbieron al agotamiento de la implacable depresión. Se autodestruyeron. Habiendo crecido entre los restos de la catástrofe, yo sé como se debió sentir. Linda Gray Sexton Fenomenología de la crisis: ¿Dónde está Wally? William H. Gross (alias Bill Gross, rey de los bonos, según Money Masters), es el fundador y director de inversiones de Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO), el mayor fondo de inversiones en renta fija del mundo (que opera básicamente en el mercado de derivados), participado mayoritariamente por el Grupo Allianz, de Munich. Hace veinte meses, el 24 de agosto de 2007, Gross publicó un celebrado artículo en WP en el que señalaba que el problema del momento podía sintetizarse en el juego ¿Dónde está Wally?,1 en el que Waldo eran las hipotecas subprime y los préstamos fallidos escondidos en las carteras de los inversores institucionales: las mejores estimaciones indicaban que habría entre 200.000 y 300.000 millones de dólares en fallidos, pero, dada la huelga regulatoria y de supervisión practicada previamente por la Fed y las administraciones, nadie sabía dónde se encontraban ni cuánto valían realmente, ya que generalmente estaban contabilizados a precio de coste en los vehículos de inversión derivados de las hipotecas subprime, aunque, tras el cambio de tendencia del mercado inmobiliario, los impagados y los procesos 1 de desahucio arrojaban resultados y valor de recuperación final muy inciertos, y se daba por supuesto que su número aumentaría. En aquella estimación, Gross pensaba que se producirían más de dos millones de hipotecas fallidas antes de que el mercado se estabilizara y, como consecuencia de ello, descendería el precio de la vivienda, reduciendo el patrimonio del 70% de los norteamericanos propietarios de sus casas en un 10%, cosa nunca vista desde la depresión de los años treinta. Éste era el argumento sensible, pero no es que Bill Gross tratara de emular en 2007 al Longfellow Deeps de 1936, en “El Secreto de Vivir”2. Porque, además de las consecuencias para la riqueza inmobiliaria del americano medio —con el consiguiente “efecto-riqueza” sobre el consumo — el dilatado proceso de búsqueda para encontrar a Waldo iba a tener consecuencias particularmente graves para el sistema de crédito, por razones obvias: “Las instituciones financieras se prestan unas a otras billones de dólares, euros, libras y yenes; la Fed presta a los bancos comerciales; éstos prestan a los principales bancos de inversión (prime brokers), como Goldman Sachs y Morgan Stanley, quienes prestan, a su vez, a los fondos de inversión (hedge funds). La cadena de alimentos no consiste en que un depredador devore a cada presa, sino en una multiplicación de crédito simbiótica, impulsada por la búsqueda de beneficio, que se interrumpe si desaparece la confianza de que el dinero será reembolsado en los términos del contrato...... [Cuando esto ocurre, como sucede ahora] estas estructuras experimentan las consecuencias del pánico entre sus depositantes y sus prestamistas, que se ven expuestos a descensos de precios de dimensiones inesperadas. En tal entorno el mercado se hace increíblemente volátil, a medida que un número creciente de instituciones financieras supera simultáneamente sus respectivos límites de riesgo.” “Durante las últimas semanas ha aparecido una grieta gigantesca en la moderna arquitectura financiera, que fue creada por jóvenes magos y se había considerado hasta ahora por los 2 banqueros centrales como una forma positiva de diversificación de riesgos. Lo que sucede es que los productos derivados todavía se encuentran en la infancia y solo son capaces de cubrir el riesgo individual, institucional y sectorial; lo que no pueden hacer es cubrir el riesgo de liquidez. Por el contrario, el apalancamiento inherente al proceso de creación de derivados puede multiplicar el riesgo sistémico cuando no hay información disponible o ésta llega con retraso. Sólo los bancos centrales pueden solucionar esto, inyectando liquidez...” .................... “A comienzos de los años noventa el gobierno absorbió los préstamos fallidos de las cajas de ahorro. Si fue posible rescatar a los corruptos bucaneros de las cajas de ahorro, ¿vamos a echar ahora a los lobos a dos millones de propietarios de viviendas? Si podemos rescatar a Chrysler, ¿por qué no podemos apoyar a los americanos que han comprado su propia casa?”. Bill Gross proporcionaba así una explicación abiertamente cínica de la gran crisis de 2007-2009. Los productos derivados fueron creados por los “jóvenes magos” a los que se refiere el fundador de PIMCO para cubrir riesgos, no para producirlos. Las instituciones especializadas en originarlos y comercializarlos — como PIMCO — se denominaron hedge funds porque se suponía que proporcionaban a sus clientes vehículos capaces de acotar o limitar el riesgo, poniéndole un seto (hedge)3. En palabras de la academia sueca, a través de ellos “los agentes que prevén ingresos o pagos futuros pueden asegurar un beneficio o asegurarse contra una pérdida por encima de un cierto nivel”. Bajo tales premisas, disponiendo de herramientas matemáticas adecuadas para estimar el precio de los correspondientes productos derivados, este mercado creció rápidamente, recibiendo los parabienes de algunos banqueros centrales, como Alan Greenspan —que fueron utilizadas como certificado de caución por todo el sector4—. Todo ello operaba bajo la premisa de que los gestores del negocio se comportarían de manera profesional, respetando los límites prudenciales adecuados para no incurrir ellos mismos en riesgos desproporcionados, por problemas de solvencia, susceptibles de anular la cobertura que decían proporcionar. Esta fue la 3 responsabilidad asumida como propia por los money managers. A instancias suyas, los banqueros centrales consideraron que no era preciso regular el sector, bajo el supuesto de que ellos mismos se autorregularían. Pero, en la formulación más reciente del propio Alan Greenspan, ....: “... en Agosto de 2007 la estructura de gestión del riesgo (risk- management) quebró. Toda la magia computacional y las sofisticadas matemáticas descansaban esencialmente sobre una premisa central: que el propio interés de los propietarios y de los gestores de las instituciones financieras, convenientemente informados, les induciría a mantener amortiguadores adecuados contra la insolvencia, controlando activamente el capital de sus empresas y sus posiciones de riesgo”5 Pero esa autocontención o autorregulación no se produjo, lo que no quiere decir que el apalancamiento excesivo, causa de la acumulación de riesgo sistémico, sea algo inherente al negocio financiero, como afirma Gross. No. En su afán exculpatorio Greenspan no encuentra ninguna relación entre el desorden financiero y su propia política monetaria, ignorando intencionadamente toda la teoría del crédito, como le recuerda Doug Noland, acusándole de haber sido el causante directo de la “plétora global de ahorros” (que indujo al desbordamiento del consumo y de los déficits gemelos, junto a otros desequilibrios ), y de proporcionar al mundo de los hedge funds la falsa expectativa de que, llegado el caso, la Fed, saldría a rescatarlos.6 Se trata solo de un movimiento de diversión, buscando la complicidad de todo el sector de la “banca en la sombra”. Pero, aunque lo intenta, Greenspan no ratifica la coartada de sus captores. Más bien, el apalancamiento temerario es el signo evidente de que no se ha llevado a cabo una gestión responsable, acorde con la diligencia exigible a los profesionales del negocio financiero, que resulta completamente independiente de los fallos del banco central7. Y eso, por mucho que Greenspan apele a la “naturaleza humana” y a la recurrencia histórica8 para apoyar aquella coartada y mantenerse firme en una actitud cooperativa, propia 4 de un buen conocedor del dilema del prisionero. La temeridad financiera es pura y simplemente una traición a la confianza depositada en los gestores. Con razón dice Gross que esto es lo mismo que hicieron los dirigentes de las cajas de ahorro en los años noventa, pero les llama bucaneros y les califica de corruptos. El que entonces se rescatara a aquellas instituciones no puede aducirse como precedente, porque se trataba de entidades de depósito reguladas, y, como contrapartida, el Gobierno federal había asumido la responsabilidad del rescate y la Fed la de actuar como supervisor y prestamista de última instancia. Pero en este caso no es así. La responsabilidad recae directamente sobre los gestores, y es perfectamente exigible, aunque en este ámbito la prueba resulte siempre extremadamente difícil.9 Independientemente de su vertiente jurídica, sobre el fondo de la cuestión de responsabilidad no es posible a estas alturas llamarse a engaño, ya que acerca de ello viene tratándose desde tiempo inmemorial, a partir de la doctrina establecida por la escuela de Salamanca, que fijó los preceptos prudenciales básicos para evitar la bancarrota de los prestamistas
Recommended publications
  • 1210Lowdown FINAL.Qxd:1210Lowdown 30/9/12 7:09 PM Page 1
    1210Lowdown_FINAL.qxd:1210Lowdown 30/9/12 7:09 PM Page 1 VOLUME14 NUMBER 10 OCTOBER 2012 The The moral purpose of a man’s ❛❛life is the achievement of his own happiness… Any help he gives [to the welfare of others] is an exception, not a rule; an act of generosity, not a moral duty.❜❜ ——RUSSIAN-AMERICAN NOVELIST AYN RAND, goddess of today’s far-right pols seeking “philosophical” cover for their agenda of selfishness and miserliness. WRITTEN BY JIM HIGHTOWER PUBLISHER, PHILLIP FRAZER Bootstrap BS, Grover Norquistian nonsense, and plutocratic pouts of corporate elites The Big Three Myths fabricated by right wing fabulists to frame America’s elections DURING THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS, a mess of plutocratic The corporate and moneyed elites (forgive a bit of redundancy myths has been growing like kudzu across our political land- there) must be freed from tax and regulatory burdens that impede scape. This aggressive ideological vine has crept from place to their entrepreneurial creativity; place, incrementally covering over the vital spirit of egalitarian- The First Amendment must be interpreted to mean that unlimited political spending of corporate cash equals free speech; and ism that defines us as Americans and unites us as a society. Deliberately planted and nurtured by various Koch-funded front Etcetera, ad nauseam, ad infinitum. groups, these invasive myths (let’s dare call them lies) have been The whopperites are trying to pass this stuff off as some sort of deep political “philosophy” rather than confessing that it is what it spread by assorted Ayn-Randian acolytes, advancing the anti- is: Shameless kleptocratic doggerel intended to disempower the democratic notion that corporations and the wealthy are America’s many and enthrone the privileged few.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Reform Options: Marginal Rates on High-Income Taxpayers, Capital Gains, and Dividends
    Embargoed Until 10am September 14, 2011 Statement of Leonard E. Burman Daniel Patrick Moynihan Professor of Public Affairs Maxwell School Syracuse University Before the Senate Committee on Finance Tax Reform Options: Marginal Rates on High-Income Taxpayers, Capital Gains, and Dividends September 14, 2011 Chairman Baucus, Ranking Member Hatch, Members of the Committee. Thank you for inviting me to testify on tax reform options affecting high-income taxpayers. I applaud the committee for devoting much of the past year to examining ways to make the tax code simpler, fairer, and more conducive to economic growth, and I’m honored to be asked to contribute to those deliberations. In summary, here are my main points: Economic theory suggests that the degree of progressivity should balance the gains from mitigating economic inequality and risk-sharing against the costs in terms of disincentives created by higher tax rates. The optimal top tax rate depends on social norms and the government’s revenue needs. Experience and a range of empirical evidence suggests that the rates in effect in the 1990s would not unduly diminish economic growth. However, a more efficient option would be to broaden the base (reform or eliminate tax expenditures and eliminate loopholes) to achieve distributional goals while keeping top rates relatively low. The biggest loophole is the lower tax rate on capital gains. Several bipartisan tax reform plans, including the Bipartisan Policy Center plan that I contributed to, would tax capital gains at the same rate as other income. Combined with a substantial reduction in tax expenditures, this allows for a cut in top income rates while maintaining the progressivity of the tax system.
    [Show full text]
  • Leonard E. Burman Page 1
    Leonard E. Burman Page 1 LEONARD E. BURMAN Center for Policy Research 426 Eggers Hall Syracuse University Syracuse, NY 13244-1020 Phone: (703) 216-5085 Email: [email protected] Education Ph.D. in Economics, University of Minnesota, 1985 A.B. in Economics, Wesleyan University, 1975 Employment 2017- Institute Fellow, The Urban Institute 2015-2017 Robert C. Pozen Director, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center 2013-2015 Director, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center (Urban Institute) 2013- Professor of Public Administration and International Affairs and (since March 2014) Paul Volcker Professor of Behavioral Economics, Syracuse University. 2009-2013 Daniel Patrick Moynihan Professor, Syracuse University 2010 Visiting Professor, UCLA School of Law 2002-2009 Director, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center (Urban Institute) 2008-2009 Institute Fellow, Urban Institute 2000-2008 Senior Fellow, Urban Institute 2000-2008 Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Public Policy Institute 2000-present Fiscal Analysis Division Panel of Experts, International Monetary Fund 1998-2000 Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Analysis), U.S. Department of the Treasury 1997-1998 Senior Research Associate, Urban Institute 1988-1997 Senior Analyst, Tax Analysis Division, U.S. Congressional Budget Office 1985-1988 Financial Economist, Office of Tax Analysis, Department of Treasury 1983-1985 Instructor, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 1975-1978 Economist, Data Resources, Inc. (DRI), Lexington, MA Publications and Papers “How Shifting from Traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs Affects Personal and Government Finances,” Tax Policy Center, 2019, with William G. Gale and Aaron Krupkin. “Roth IRAs Versus Traditional IRAs: Implications for Individuals and Government,” Tax Policy Center Policy Brief, 2019, with William G. Gale and Aaron Krupkin. 1 Leonard E.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuaderno De Documentacion
    SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE ECONOMÍA, MINISTERIO DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA DE ECONOMÍA Y SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL HACIENDA DE ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL CUADERNO DE DOCUMENTACION Número 65.1 Alvaro Espina Vocal Asesor 15 de Diciembre 2003 CUADERNO DE DOCUMENTACIÓN 15122003 Nº65 DEFLATION & LIQUIDITY TRAPS (VIII) 1. PRESENTACIÓN: ¿Existe una amenaza real de trampa de liquidez en el G3? Los casos de Japón y EE.UU. por Álvaro Espina....................................................................................... 3 2. Silvio Gesell (1862-1930)...................................................................... 27 3. The Economist on Japan EE.UU. an Germany……….. 27 4. Financial Times on EE.UU. and Japan…………………… 51 5. Paul Krugman on taxation and funds……………………. 61 6. Universia-Knowledge@Wharton on mutual funds… 79 7. BusinessWeekonline on funds scandal and fund reform 86 BACKGROUND PAPERS…………………………..…. 97 8. Time to Ditch the NAIRU, by James Galbraith (16 pp.) 9. Reflections on the Natural Rate Hypothesis, by Joseph Stiglitz (7 pp.) 10. Inflation dynamics: A structural econometric analysis, by Jordi Galí and Mark Gertler. (28 pp.) 11. Inflation dynamics, marginal cost, and the output gap: Evidence from three countries, by Katharine S. Neiss and Edward Nelson. (38 pp.) 1 12. The European Phillips Curve: Does the NAIRU Exist?, by Marika Karanassou, Héctor Sala, Dennis J. Snower. (29 pp.) 13. Medium Term Business Cycles, by D. Comin & M. Gertler. (51 pp.) 14. There Are Two Okun’s Law Relationships Between Output and Unemployment, by Humberto Barreto and Frank Howland (27 pp.) 15. Okun's Law Revisited: Should We Worry about Low Unemployment?, by D. Altig, T. Fitzgerald and P. Rupert (9 pp.) 16. A Cross-Country Study on Okun’s Law, by L.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Analysis of the 2008 Presidential Candidates’ Tax Plans: Revised August 15, 2008
    An Updated Analysis of the 2008 Presidential Candidates’ Tax Plans: Revised August 15, 2008 Len Burman Surachai Khitatrakun Greg Leiserson Jeff Rohaly Eric Toder Bob Williams* Revised August 15, 2008 Updated September 12, 2008 The current revision (8/15/08) reflects modifications to Senator Obama’s tax proposals announced on August 14, 2008. See http://origin.barackobama.com/taxes/. This version (9/12/08) incorporates updated budget projections from the Congressional Budget Office (http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/97xx/doc9706/09-08-Update.pdf), corrects some typos, and includes editorial changes. However, we have not yet revised our revenue estimates to take account of CBO’s latest economic projections. * Tax Policy Center and Urban Institute. We are grateful to Katie Lim for research assistance and to Aviva Aron- Dine, Linda Blumberg, Bill Gale, Bo Garrett, John Holahan, and Kim Rueben for helpful advice and comments, and to Doug Holtz-Eakin of the McCain campaign and Jason Furman, Austan Goolsbee, and Jeff Liebman of the Obama campaign for many hours of work in explaining and fleshing out details of their candidate’s plans. Joy Falzarano and Julianna Koch assisted in preparing the document for publication. The analysis is based on campaign aides’ descriptions of the plans, candidates’ statements and web sites, and our assumptions about essential details unspecified by the campaigns. We will update the analysis as new information becomes available. Some interim updates and discussion will also be posted on the Tax Policy Center blog, TaxVox, which is available at www.taxpolicycenter.taxvox.org. The Tax Policy Center is nonpartisan and none of the authors are affiliated with any presidential campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 108 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 108 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 149 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JUNE 3, 2003 No. 80 House of Representatives The House met at 10:30 a.m. very effective drug called money, and cannot afford the drugs that are avail- f they are using it to change the way able today. America thinks. Here in Washington In Ohio, as in other parts of the coun- MORNING HOUR DEBATES you see the drug companies’ money ev- try, seniors have grown tired of wait- The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the erywhere. They spend untold millions ing for the Federal Government to ad- order of the House of January 7, 2003, on high-priced inside-the-Beltway law- dress the high price of prescription the Chair will now recognize Members yers to tell the administration and drugs. They know they cannot count from lists submitted by the majority Congress that State initiatives to con- on President Bush, who receives mil- and minority leaders for morning hour trol drug costs violate the law by put- lions of drug company dollars. They debates. The Chair will alternate rec- ting Medicaid beneficiaries at risk. know they cannot count on the Repub- ognition between the parties, with each And they spend big money, really big lican leadership. The Ohio Coalition for party limited to not to exceed 30 min- money to sell this message to Congress Affordable Drugs wants to let the citi- utes, and each Member except the ma- and the White House.
    [Show full text]
  • Westfield Leader Mr
    Ad Populos, Non Aditus, Pervenimus Published Every Thursday Since September 3, 1890 (908) 232-4407 USPS 680020 Thursday, September 19, 2019 OUR 129th YEAR – ISSUE NO. 38-2019 Periodical – Postage Paid at Rahway, N.J. www.goleader.com [email protected] ONE DOLLAR Parents Voice Continuing Concerns About School Safety By JENNIFER GLACKIN police.” Bowie suggested training volunteers Specially Written for The Westfield Leader Mr. Battiloro also asked parents to or having someone in charge in the WESTFIELD — The board of edu- follow the new guidelines and proce- school office who could communi- cation listened to many parent con- dures, “no matter how routine or cate with responding officers and cerns at Tuesday’s board meeting. monotonous they become.” Parents volunteers in the building in the event Police Chief Christopher Battiloro routinely thanked the police depart- of an emergency during those times. informed parents that police officers ment and Chief Battiloro for their Similarly, WHS student Colin had performed unannounced security quick response in June, and the board Sumner wondered why no one was checks of the elementary schools, two of education for all the policies that talking to the students about safety. times per day since the beginning of have been implemented for this school He also suggested training students. the school year, in addition to the year. Opinions differed on the subject of three school resource officers (SROs) Faye Bowie expressed concerns SROs and/or security guards in currently assigned to Westfield High about after-school activities. Ms. schools. Many expressed wanting an School (WHS) and two intermediate Bowie urged the board to come up SRO in each elementary school as an schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Americans Are Proud to Pay Taxes
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION All accumulation . of personal property, beyond what a man’s own hands produce, is derived to him by living in society; and he owes on every principle of justice, of gratitude, and of civilization, a part of that accumulation back again to society from whence the whole came. —American revolutionary Thomas Paine, 1797 Woman now holds a vast amount of the property in the country, and pays her full proportion of taxes, revenue included. On what principle, then, do you deny her representation? — National Women’s Rights Convention, 1866 Since the founding of the country, Americans have talked about taxes as a debt owed to one’s fellow countrymen.1 As Thomas Paine argued, the whole of one’s livelihood, beyond the meager life an individual could secure in a state of na- ture, is due to the society in which one lives. Taxes are how one pays one’s community back for making a civilized life possible, he argued. The sentiment was echoed a century later by Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., who wrote, “[T]axes are what we pay for civilized society.”2 But responsibility does not run only from taxpayer to community; taxpayers also make claims upon government. [ 1 ] For general queries, contact [email protected] © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Slip-Sliding Away
    SLIP-SLIDING AWAY: THE EROSION OF HARD-WON GAINS FOR WOMEN UNDER THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION AND AN AGENDA FOR MOVING FORWARD A Report By The National Women’s Law Center April, 2004 11 Dupont Circle # Suite 800 # Washington, DC 20036 # 202.588.5180 # 202.588.5185 Fax # www.nwlc.org Slip-Sliding Away: The Erosion of Hard-Won Gains for Women Under the Bush Administration and an Agenda for Moving Forward I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY……………………………………………………..…1 II. THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION RECORD…..…………………………………...............12 1. Rolling Back Policies That Guarantee Equal Opportunity for Women at Work……...…12 2. Backtracking on Policies That Guarantee Equal Opportunity for Girls and Women at School………………………………………………………………………………….15 3. Shortchanging Child Care and Other Supports Women Need to Maintain Self-Sufficiency………………………………………………………………………….20 4. Starving Programs Women Need to Pay for Tax Cuts for the Wealthy…………………22 5. Increasing Retirement Insecurity for Women……………………………………………26 6. Sabotaging Policies that Protect Women’s Health and Reproductive Rights……………29 a. The Administration is Restructuring Medicaid and Medicare in Ways That are Harmful to Women, and Its Approach to Covering the Uninsured Will Not Help the Women it is Intended to Reach…………………………………………………..30 b. The Administration is Restricting Access to Reproductive Health Care and Undermining the Constitutional Right to Choose……………………………………33 7. Weakening Efforts to Combat Violence Against Women and Help Its Victims……..….39 8. Failing to Support Our Women in Uniform……………………………………………...41 9. Packing the Courts With Judges Opposed to Women’s Core Legal Rights……………..45 10. Closing and Undermining Government Offices and Expert Advisory Bodies Dedicated to Safeguarding Women’s Interests…………………......................................48 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Play Spring 2003
    SPRING 2003 FAIR PLAY Project provided content, several popular educa- tion organizations including the Center for Popular Economics, Dollars and Sense, and THE WAR Project South contributed to workshop design. Labor Against the War (unions that have passed anti-war resolutions and which represent 4.5 mil- ECONOMY lion US workers) will use this workshop to help FROM WAR AND ECONOMY WORKSHOP. solidify their new network. By Meizhu Lui sions, and their jobs. Schools are closing, class Other organizations including War Times, (a sizes increasing, subsidized childcare slots are There is, indeed, a “new world nationally distributed newspaper led by activists vanishing. These cuts jeopardize our futures and order” in the making. Will it be of color), Pax Christi (a Catholic organization our children's future. one of greater democracy and eco- dedicated for peace), United for Justice and More money pumped into the military means nomic prosperity for all – people Peace, and Jobs with Justice will all help to get less money spent on human needs and environ- in the United States, in Iraq, in the the workshop into the hands of activists who will, mental protection. President Eisenhower – a Middle East, and beyond? Or will in turn, bring it to thousands of people. Republican and a General - said 50 years ago that we see the economic divide pulled We truly appreciate the collaboration of so many “every gun that is made, every warship launched, wider apart and fairness thrown every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a Liz Roll organizations to ensure that the workshop is onto the rubble of history? These timely.
    [Show full text]
  • The Earned Income Tax Credit Is Not Enough to Extinguish Poverty
    Journal of Catholic Legal Studies Volume 54 Number 1 Volume 54, 2015, Number 1 Article 2 Welfare on Fire: The Earned Income Tax Credit Is Not Enough To Extinguish Poverty Conor Colasurdo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/jcls This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Catholic Legal Studies by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES WELFARE ON FIRE: THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT IS NOT ENOUGH TO EXTINGUISH POVERTY CONOR COLASURDO† INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 2 I. A MARXIST POPE? THE FRANCIS-RAWLSIAN FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS BASED ON HUMAN DIGNITY ...................................................................... 5 II. WELFARE WITHOUT STIGMA? THE EITC IN ACTION .............. 9 A. Legal Aspects of the EITC ............................................. 10 B. Political History of the EITC ......................................... 11 C. Political Rhetoric and the Popularity of the EITC ....... 13 III. AS THE BIG GUN IN THE WAR ON POVERTY, THE EITC IS A MORAL FAILURE ................................................................. 14 A. Understanding Our Poor Under the Francis- Rawlsian Framework ..................................................... 15 B. The Privatization of Social Welfare ............................... 16 † The author earned his J.D. and B.A. from Fordham University. This material is his own and does not purport to represent the positions, strategies or opinions of his employer. The author would like to thank Professor Linda Sugin for her comments and guidance that were invaluable in the drafting of this Article. Finally, the author would like to thank the staff and editorial board of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMENTS WELCOME TAXES and INEQUALITY Leonard E. Burman
    VERY PRELIMINARY DRAFT – DO NOT QUOTE– COMMENTS WELCOME TAXES AND INEQUALITY Leonard E. Burman Syracuse University October 2012 Prepared for a conference, “The Internal Revenue Code at 100,” NYU/UCLA Tax Symposium, October 19, 2012, at NYU Law School. Taxes and Inequality PRELIMINARY DRAFT October 14, 2012 I. Introduction The creation of the individual and corporate income taxes was largely motivated by concerns about equity.1 At the turn of the 20th century, the federal government relied on regressive tariffs and excise taxes for most of its financing. Progressive Democrats and Republicans rallied around the new income tax and the amendment enabling the new legislation was quickly ratified by the required three-fourths of states. Initially, the individual income tax was a 1-percent levy on the incomes of the very wealthy, but the US entry into World War I vastly increased federal revenue needs and the income tax rate rose dramatically. For its first 30 years, the income tax remained a “class tax,” only affecting a small sliver of the population with very high incomes. World War II vastly increased the federal government’s revenue needs and the innovation of payroll tax withholding made the income tax into a “mass tax,” affecting most working people in the country. Nonetheless, the income tax has remained progressive: it claims a much larger share of income from those at the top than at the bottom of the income distribution. And, indeed, the income tax now serves as an important income supplement for low-income working families. Some argue that the need for a highly progressive tax has never been greater.
    [Show full text]