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An Archeological Approach Towards Facial Reconstruction

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An Archeological Approach Towards Facial Reconstruction From the Editor’s Desk JINPAFO A Half Yearly Publication Volume 8, Number 2, July – December, 2019 Dear Friends, It gives me great pleasure to present the Second Issue of 2019 to the Hon’ble Members of the Academy. I wish to thank all the authors and contributors of the scientific material published in this issue. The members of the Editorial Board and the Reviewers strive hard to bring up the standard of the journal. On behalf of the Editorial Team, once again thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve you and this Academy. May I take the opportunity to request all the members of our Academy to contribute to the journal with their research and also encourage your colleagues and students to submit their research for publication. Jai Hind Dr. Amandeep Singh Editor-in-chief Associate Professor Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh Email: [email protected] Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July-December, 2019 44 Original Research AN ASSESSMENT OF INHERITANCE PATTERN OF LIP PRINTS IN NATIONAL CAPITAL RANGE POPULATION Syed F Hasan1*, Puja Bansal2, Deepak Bhargava3, M.C Chhabra4 * 1 Postgraduate Student (2nd year), 2 Professor, +Professor and Head Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, 4Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sharda School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Aims and Objectives- Lip prints are normal lines and fissures in the form of wrinkles and grooves present on the lips. They are unique to each person but basic lip prints patterns could still have similarities within the family. If established that there is a hereditary pattern in lip prints patterns, they can be an important tool in personal identification and determining familial lineage of a person. Therefore, present study was carried out to ascertain whether lip prints of mother match with their corresponding children. Methodology- The subjects for the investigation included 60 individuals of 30 families from NCR population. Mother and a daughter or son of each family was selected and the lip patterns of the 30 off springs were compared with the corresponding lip patterns of his or her mother. The lip prints were analyzed using magnifying lens and were classified using the criteria given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results- Hereditary resemblance was observed between mother and off springs in 17 out of 30 cases. Lip print types I, II & III among mothers were significantly more inherited by their children while lip print type IV & V were not inherited significantly (the level of significance was set at p < 0.05). Conclusions- The result indicates the role of heredity in lip patterns. This can be an aid for narrowing down investigations and also a basis for genetic and inheritance implications. Key Words: Cheiloscopy, Inheritance, Grooves, Lip prints Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July-December, 2019 45 Introduction: range of methods are available for this As Forensic odontology, or forensic purpose out of which, the best and most dentistry,was defined by Keiser Neilson in often used is fingerprints. An alternative 1970 as “a branch of forensic medicine” method of identification is cheiloscopy. which in the interest of justice deals with the These grooves occur as distinct patterns or proper handling and examination of dental types and are unique to each individual and evidence and with the proper evaluation and thus can be used to fix the identity of a 1 presentation of the dental findings’. person.5 Sometimes lip print can be a basis The external surface of the lip has for crime detection. It is used to find the many elevations and depressions forming a situation on the basis of evidence characteristic pattern called lip prints, which surrounding the crime spot for identifying 3 are unique to an individual like finger prints. number of people involved, their nature, sex Lip prints are similar to fingerprints, palm as well as type of crime held during the prints and footprints in that it is an individual event.4 This present study was carried out to 2 characteristic. For a long time forensics ascertain whether lip prints of mother match have been using Fingerprints, DNA and with their corresponding children. Retina Pattern for identification of a person. Materials and Method: With advancement in technology many Subjects for the investigation innovations have come across for the help included 60 individuals of 30 families Mother of forensics.3 and Son/Daughter of National Captial Human identification from the study Range Population were taken. Written of their biometrics has gained much informed consent was taken from each popularity in recent times. In these subjects, In case of minor subject consent approaches human beings can be identified was taken from parent. based on their physical traits without the aid Following materials were used in of any external key. Several methods are recording lip prints. used for human identification such as face, Ø Red colored lipsticks and lipstick iris, retina, finger veins, skin, finger-nails brushes. recognition, palm vein, etc.4 Ø A cellophane tape. Personal identification is becoming Ø White colored bond papers. increasingly important not only in legal Ø A magnifying lens medicine but also in criminal investigation, Ø A scissor, pencil, cotton identification and Genetic Research. A wide Ø Gloves, a wall mirror. Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July - December., 2019 46 Criteria for sample selection: was placed on a white A-4 sheet where the The criteria for sample selection lip impression were analyzed with the help were subjects with no congenital facial of a magnifying glass. defects, no lesions on the lips and no known Results: hypersensitivity. The lip prints were Type I pattern was found to be 100% analyzed using magnifying lens and were inherited by the respective children (n=03). classified using the criteria given by Suzuki Significantly higher proportion (66.7%) of and Tsuchihashi,as follows:2 Type II lip pattern among mothers were Type I: Clear-cut vertical grooves that run inherited by their children. Significantly across the entire lips. higher proportion (71.4%) of Type III lip Type I': Similar to type I, but do not cover pattern among mothers were inherited by the entire lip. their children. Significantly lower proportion Type II: Branched grooves (branching Y- (14.3%) of Type IV lip pattern among shaped pattern). mothers were inherited by their children. Type III: Intersected grooves. Criss-cross There was only 1 mother having Type V lip pattern, reticular grooves. pattern which was not inherited by her Type IV: Reticular grooves. child.( Graph 1) Type V: Grooves do not fall into any of the Lip print types I, II & III among type I-IV and cannot be mothers were significantly more inherited by differentiated morphologically. their children while lip print type IV & V were (Undetermined). not inherited significantly. (Table 1,Graph 2) Method: Lip print types I, II & III among Subjects were asked to sit at relaxed mothers were significantly more inherited by position on a dental chair, their lips were their children while lip print type IV & V were cleaned with wet cotton, red colored lipstick not inherited significantly. was applied on the lips with the lip brush, Fig 1 - Child subjects were asked to rub both their lips to spread uniform application of lipstick, glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and a lip impression was made by dabbing it in the center first and then slowly moving towards the corners of the lips, Cellophane tape strip with lip impression Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July - December., 2019 47 Fig 2 – Child Lip Print Fig 4 – Mother Lip Print Fig 3 – Mother Graph 1: Inheritance patterns of lip prints among the study groups 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 80.00% 66.70% 57.10% 60.00% 40.00% 28.60% 16.70% 14.30% 14.30% Child's lippattern 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Motehr's lip pattern Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July - December., 2019 48 Table 1: Statistical significance of inherited lip patterns Similarity of lip print between mother & child Pattern of Lip Print Total Not Present present N 0 3 3 Type I % 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% N 4 8 12 Type II % 33.3% 66.7% 100.0% N 2 5 7 Type III % 28.6% 71.4% 100.0% n 6 1 7 Type IV % 85.7% 14.3% 100.0% n 1 0 1 Type V % 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% n 13 17 30 Total % 43.3% 56.7% 100.0% Chi square value 9.832 P value 0.043, S Graph 2: Similarity of lip prints between mother and children. Similarity of lip print between mother & child 100.00% 100.00% 90.00% 71.40% 80.00% 66.70% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 14.30% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0.00% Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Journal of Indo-Pacific Academy of Forensic Odontology Vol 8, No. 2, July - December., 2019 49 Discussion based on the patterns of the grooves of the Every human is distinct and unique lip prints”that The lips can be horizontal, in the pattern of characteristics they exhibit.
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