DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Diplomacy in the Middle East Hearing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Diplomacy in the Middle East Hearing PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, EMERGING THREATS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 10, 2004 Serial No. 108–153 Printed for the use of the Committee on Government Reform ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/congress/house http://www.house.gov/reform U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 94–158 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:55 Jun 24, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 D:\DOCS\94158.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM TOM DAVIS, Virginia, Chairman DAN BURTON, Indiana HENRY A. WAXMAN, California CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut TOM LANTOS, California ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida MAJOR R. OWENS, New York JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York JOHN L. MICA, Florida PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland DOUG OSE, California DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio RON LEWIS, Kentucky DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri CHRIS CANNON, Utah DIANE E. WATSON, California ADAM H. PUTNAM, Florida STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts EDWARD L. SCHROCK, Virginia CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee LINDA T. SANCHEZ, California NATHAN DEAL, Georgia C.A. ‘‘DUTCH’’ RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of TIM MURPHY, Pennsylvania Columbia MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio JIM COOPER, Tennessee JOHN R. CARTER, Texas ——— ——— MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee ——— ——— ——— BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont ——— ——— (Independent) MELISSA WOJCIAK, Staff Director DAVID MARIN, Deputy Staff Director/Communications Director ROB BORDEN, Parliamentarian TERESA AUSTIN, Chief Clerk PHIL BARNETT, Minority Chief of Staff/Chief Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, EMERGING THREATS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut, Chairman MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio DAN BURTON, Indiana DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio STEVEN C. LATOURETTE, Ohio TOM LANTOS, California RON LEWIS, Kentucky BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts ADAM H. PUTNAM, Florida CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York EDWARD L. SCHROCK, Virginia LINDA T. SANCHEZ, California JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee C.A. ‘‘DUTCH’’ RUPPERSBERGER, Maryland TIM MURPHY, Pennsylvania JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts ——— ——— ——— ——— EX OFFICIO TOM DAVIS, Virginia HENRY A. WAXMAN, California LAWRENCE J. HALLORAN, Staff Director and Counsel THOMAS COSTA, Professional Staff Member ROBERT A. BRIGGS, Clerk ANDREW SU, Minority Professional Staff Member (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:55 Jun 24, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 D:\DOCS\94158.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on February 10, 2004 ....................................................................... 1 Statement of: Ford, Jess T., Director, International Affairs and Trade, General Account- ing Office; Stephen Johnson, senior policy analyst, the Heritage Foun- dation; David E. Morey, president and CEO, DMG, Inc., and member, Council on Foreign Relations Public Diplomacy Task Force; and Ste- phen P. Cohen, president, Institute for Middle East Peace and Develop- ment, and member, Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab and Muslim World ........................................................................................ 56 Tomlinson, Kenneth Y., chairman, Broadcasting Board of Governors, ac- companied by Norman J. Pattiz, founder and chairman, Westwood One, member, Broadcasting Board of Governors; and Harold Pachios, chairman, Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy .............................. 29 Tutwiler, Margaret, Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Department of State ............................................................ 6 Letters, statements, etc., submitted for the record by: Cohen, Stephen P., president, Institute for Middle East Peace and Devel- opment, and member, Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab and Muslim World, prepared statement of ....................................... 99 Ford, Jess T., Director, International Affairs and Trade, General Account- ing Office, prepared statement of ................................................................ 59 Johnson, Stephen, senior policy analyst, the Heritage Foundation, pre- pared statement of ........................................................................................ 76 Morey, David E., president and CEO, DMG, Inc., and member, Council on Foreign Relations Public Diplomacy Task Force, prepared statement of ..................................................................................................................... 87 Pachios, Harold, chairman, Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, prepared statement of ................................................................................... 42 Shays, Hon. Christopher, a Representative in Congress from the State of Connecticut, prepared statement of ........................................................ 3 Tomlinson, Kenneth Y., chairman, Broadcasting Board of Governors, pre- pared statement of ........................................................................................ 33 Tutwiler, Margaret, Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Department of State: Letter dated February 11, 2004 ............................................................... 22 Prepared statement of ............................................................................... 9 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:55 Jun 24, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 D:\DOCS\94158.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:55 Jun 24, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 D:\DOCS\94158.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2004 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY, EMERGING THREATS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:05 p.m., in room 2154, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Christopher Shays (chairman of the subcommittee) Presiding. Present: Representatives Shays, Ruppersberger and Tierney. Staff present: Lawrence Halloran, staff director and counsel; Thomas Costa, professional staff member; Robert A. Briggs, clerk; Richard Lundberg, fellow; Andrew Su, minority professional staff member; and Jean Gosa, minority assistant clerk. Mr. SHAYS. A quorum being present, the Subcommittee on Na- tional Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations hearing entitled, ‘‘Public Diplomacy in the Middle East,’’ is called to order. The end of the cold war was seen by many as the ultimate vic- tory in the global ideological struggle. Using words as weapons to kindle the spark of liberty and oppressed peoples, the forces of free- dom helped defeat communism in the decisive battle without firing a shot. Public diplomacy, the cultural exchanges, education pro- grams and broadcasts used to promote U.S. interests to foreign au- diences, pierced the Iron Curtain more effectively and efficiently in some ways than missiles. But then the tools that helped bring down the Berlin Wall and splintered the Soviet Union were allowed to rust in the mistaken belief that the battle of ideas was over. Subsumed within the State Department’s ‘‘stifling culture and starved for resources,’’ public di- plomacy was left to wither without strategic focus or organizational direction. So when the United States needed a strong voice to counter the toxic antipathy emanating from radical factions and terrorists in the Middle East, the world often heard only a hoarse, fragmented whisper. Studies and analyses done inside and outside the Federal Gov- ernment concluded our public diplomacy capacity lagged far behind the critical requirement to counter terrorism on the rhetorical and ideological battlefields of that volatile region. According to the State Department’s Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab and Muslim World, ‘‘The United States today lacks the capa- bilities in public diplomacy to meet the national security threat emanating from political instability, economic depravation and ex- (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:55 Jun 24, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 D:\DOCS\94158.TXT HGOVREF1 PsN: HGOVREF1 2 tremism.’’ Others we will hear from today have been equally criti- cal of U.S. public diplomacy as lacking strategic cohesion and sus- tained leadership. Nowhere is our stunted reach into the hearts and minds of Arabs and Muslims more obvious and perilous than Iraq. All public diplo- macy in this region today should be keenly focused on persuading Iraqis and their neighbors that we are there as liberators, not as occupiers, and that’s the truth. They need to know it. But halting efforts by the Coalition Provisional Authority [CPA], and a lack of coordination between the other Federal organs of public statecraft have left control of the airwaves and the debate to al-Jazeera and al-Arabiya and the purveyors of the rampant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FOCUS™ Edit Search
    Home Sources How Do I? Site Map What's New Help Search Terms: "corporation for public broadcasting", "new york times" FOCUS™ Edit Search Document 4 of 34. Copyright 2005 Los Angeles Times All Rights Reserved Los Angeles Times May 29, 2005 Sunday Home Edition SECTION: SUNDAY CALENDAR; Calendar Desk; Part E; Pg. 17 LENGTH: 1305 words HEADLINE: MEDIA MATTERS / DAVID SHAW; There's a 'nuclear option' for PBS' woes as well BYLINE: DAVID SHAW BODY: The growing controversy over the Bush administration's attempts to replace what it sees as a "liberal bias" in PBS programming with what would appear to be "conservative bias" has forced me to think the unthinkable -- or at least the heretical, certainly in my cultural/ideological circle: Do we really want or need PBS anymore? I am not defending the Bush administration's assault on PBS, which is as appalling as it is predicable, nor do I mean to denigrate the fine, often brilliant work PBS has done through the years -- "Masterpiece Theater," "Firing Line," "Bill Moyers' Journal," Ken Burns' epic documentaries on the Civil War, baseball and jazz, among many others. But when the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the parent of PBS, was created by the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, we lived in a television world largely limited to three commercial networks, a world quite accurately characterized as a "vast wasteland" by Newton Minow, then chairman of the FCC. We now live in a cable world, a "500-channel universe," and while I would not argue that many of these cable offerings match PBS at its best, they (and Fox) do provide many alternatives to the three original networks we had in 1967.
    [Show full text]
  • Bill Moyers' Speech to the National Conference for Media Reform
    Bill Moyers' speech to the National Conference for Media Reform From Free Press, May 16, 2005 By Bill Moyers The following is the prepared text for Bill Moyers’ speech to the National Conference for Media Reform on May 15, 2005. The event in St. Louis was organized and hosted by Free Press (www.freepress.net). Click here to listen an audio recording of the speech. Click here to watch a video of the speech. To join Free Press’ campaign to put the public back into PBS, please add your name to our petition calling for the resignation of Kenneth Tomlinson and the creation of a series of town meetings across the country on the future of public broadcasting. I CAN’T IMAGINE BETTER COMPANY ON THIS BEAUTIFUL SUNDAY MORNING IN ST. LOUIS. You’re church for me today, and there’s no congregation in the country where I would be more likely to find more kindred souls than are gathered here. There are so many different vocations and callings in this room — so many different interests and aspirations of people who want to reform the media — that only a presiding bishop like Bob McChesney with his great ecumenical heart could bring us together for a weekend like this. What joins us all under Bob’s embracing welcome is our commitment to public media. Pat Aufderheide got it right, I think, in the recent issue of In These Times when she wrote: “This is a moment when public media outlets can make a powerful case for themselves. Public radio, public TV, cable access, public DBS channels, media arts centers, youth media projects, nonprofit Internet news services … low-power radio and webcasting are all part of a nearly invisible feature of today’s media map: the public media sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Bill Moyers | the Mugging of the American Dream Page 1 of 7 Http
    Bill Moyers | The Mugging oftheAmerican Dream Page 1of 7 Editor's Note: This is an edited transcript of BillMoyer's speech, delivered June 3 at the Take Back America conference in Washington. DC. The transcript of the speech as delivered can be found at ourfuture.ora. Go to Original The Mugging of the American Dream By Bill Moyers AlterNet.org Monday 06 June 2005 Washingtonis a divided city - not between north andsouth as in Uncoin's time, but between those who can buy ail the government they want and those who can t even afford a seatin the bleachers, Ifs good to be with you again. Your passion for democracy is inspiring andyour enthusiasm contagious. Ican'timagine a moreexuberantgathering today except possibly at the KStreet branch ofthe Mastersofthe Universe where they are celebrating their coup at the Securities and Exchange Commission I VTish that Icould have attended allyour sessions, listened to ail the speakers, and heard allthe points of viewthat have been raised here. Butthanks to C-Span !was able to catch enough of your proceedings to realize you covered so many subjects andtouched onso many ideasthatyouVe left melittle to say.Thafs okay, because as Bob Borosage reminded us backin January, whatmatters mostisn'twhatis said inWashington butwhat youdo onthe ground across the country to build an independent infrastructure, generateIdeas, drive local campaigns, persuadethe skeptic, organize your neighbors, and carry on the movementat the grassroots forsocial and economicjustice. Before you go home, hcme^er, Bob has asked meto talk aboutwhafs at stake inwhatyou are doing. Given all that has already beensaid.
    [Show full text]
  • Campaign for America's Future
    CAMPAIGN FOR AMERICA’S FUTURE “TAKE BACK AMERICA” SPEAKER: BILL MOYERS, PRESIDENT, SCHUMAN CENTER FOR MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY FRIDAY, JUNE 3, 2005 Transcript by: Federal News Service Washington, D.C. ROBERT BOROSAGE: Good morning. Good morning. (Cheers.) Everybody awake? Are you ready for more? Special treat this morning. (Cheers.) Let me tell you a little bit about our speaker. You all know who he is, I believe. Bill Moyers is a special grace. (Cheers.) He was born in Hugo, Oklahoma. He grew up and he was educated in Texas – (boos) – (laughter) – the best part of Texas. He studied religion in Texas. He worked as a newspaper reporter. Then he descended into politics. (Applause.) He became the leading adviser and press secretary to a president that came from Texas when Texas used to send us progressives, Lyndon Baines Johnson. (Applause.) He was deputy director of the Peace Corps. In 1970, he found his place. He came to television – CBS, PBS – and there he became the true exemplar of the Edward R. Murrow school of journalism, of being able – (applause) – of being able to tell the truth. He perfected investigative journalism. He would portray not simply the facts, but the context, and so be able to tell the story that would allow people to see what was really going on. He provided extraordinary conversations with the world’s leading thinkers, displaying on television what it never shows, real wisdom and insight. And he never ducked the hard questions – Watergate, race, class, Iran/contra, the rise of the new plutocracy, the CEO crimes and corruptions of Enron, the hijacking of the faith, the current rise of a radical right and their machinery, the corruption of the Congress, the lies and dissembling of those who would disassemble us in the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 109 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 151 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 2005 No. 85 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. The SPEAKER. State your inquiry. ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER The Chaplain, the Reverend Daniel P. Mr. LAHOOD. Mr. Speaker, I have no- The SPEAKER. The Chair will recog- Coughlin, offered the following prayer: ticed at least one occasion when a nize up to 10 Members on each side for Eternal God, guide and protector of Member announced he was opposed to a 1-minute speeches. Your people, grant us unfailing respect measure when he sought to offer a mo- for Your holy name and for Your holy f tion to recommit but then voted ‘‘yes’’ presence in the people we meet today. GITMO on passage of the bill. Consecrate the work of this Congress. (Ms. PRYCE of Ohio asked and was Raise up statesmen here and abroad Mr. Speaker, is that regular order? given permission to address the House who will recognize Your holy will in The SPEAKER. As Members are for 1 minute and to revise and extend the waves of history and the will of the aware, the first element of priority in her remarks.) people whom they serve. recognition for a motion to recommit Ms. PRYCE of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I May the peace and prosperity of this is whether the Member seeking rec- rise today on behalf of our military. It Nation be secured, while our attention ognition is opposed to the main meas- has been 4 years since terrorists killed is expanded and genuine concern for ure.
    [Show full text]
  • National Press Club Newsmaker Luncheon with Paula Kerger, Chief Executive, Public Broadcasting Service
    NATIONAL PRESS CLUB NEWSMAKER LUNCHEON WITH PAULA KERGER, CHIEF EXECUTIVE, PUBLIC BROADCASTING SERVICE TOPIC: THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING MODERATOR: JONATHAN SALANT, PRESIDENT, NATIONAL PRESS CLUB LOCATION: THE NATIONAL PRESS CLUB, WASHINGTON, D.C. TIME: 1:01 P.M. EST DATE: TUESDAY, MAY 23, 2006 (C) COPYRIGHT 2005, FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, INC., 1000 VERMONT AVE. NW; 5TH FLOOR; WASHINGTON, DC - 20005, USA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ANY REPRODUCTION, REDISTRIBUTION OR RETRANSMISSION IS EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED. UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION, REDISTRIBUTION OR RETRANSMISSION CONSTITUTES A MISAPPROPRIATION UNDER APPLICABLE UNFAIR COMPETITION LAW, AND FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, INC. RESERVES THE RIGHT TO PURSUE ALL REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO IT IN RESPECT TO SUCH MISAPPROPRIATION. FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, INC. IS A PRIVATE FIRM AND IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. NO COPYRIGHT IS CLAIMED AS TO ANY PART OF THE ORIGINAL WORK PREPARED BY A UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE AS PART OF THAT PERSON'S OFFICIAL DUTIES. FOR INFORMATION ON SUBSCRIBING TO FNS, PLEASE CALL JACK GRAEME AT 202-347-1400. ------------------------- MR. SALANT: Good afternoon, and welcome to the National Press Club. I'm Jonathan Salant, a reporter for Bloomberg News and president of the club. I'd like to welcome club members and their guests in the audience today, as well as those of you watching on C-SPAN. Please hold your applause during the speech so we have time for as many questions as possible. The video archive of today's luncheon is provided by ConnectLive and is available to members only through the National Press Club's website at www.press.org. Press Club members may also get free transcripts of our luncheons at our website.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2014 - Volume 33, Number 4
    Next PDAA Lunch Program Monday, Sept. 8, 2014 DACOR-Bacon House 1801 F Street NW, Washington, DC Panel: Jarek Anders, Orly Keiner, Mike Hurley, and Mary Kruger Russia’s Influence and Propaganda on Ukraine • Cash bar 12 noon Topics of September 8 PDAA Program • Lunch 12:30 pm Belarus. She holds an MA in Russian, East Eu- e are kicking off our fall season with a ropean and Central Asian Regional Studies • Speaker 1:00 pm W topic that could not be timelier – Russia and from Harvard University. $35.00 members and Ukraine – looking not so much at the state of guests, $42.00 non- the current conflict, but at some of the under- Our third speaker will be Mike Hurley, cur- members currents within the countries, particularly in rently a senior public diplomacy inspector the area of human rights, and how Russia is with OIG and is a Minister Counselor in the Reservation deadline: using its propaganda tools to influence public Foreign Service. During his nearly 30 years Saturday. August 30, 2014 opinion both inter- with USIA and State, Mike has been posted to Moscow three times, To reserve please return nally and externally. the last as PAO. In coupon on p. 7, or reserve online at Clearly, non- addition to assign- www.publicdiplomacy.org governmental organi- ments in Kuala Lum- zations are finding it pur, Surabaya and increasingly difficult Budapest, Mike has to do the type of served as Director of November PDAA work that would fos- the Press and Public Event ter democratic pro- Diplomacy Office in cesses and advance the Bureau of Euro- The next PDAA lunch pro- human rights within pean and Eurasian gram is tentatively set for Russian and dissent is Affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Objective Analysis and the Constitutional Status of Public Broadcasting
    FREEDOM BY DESIGN: OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF PUBLIC BROADCASTING † JONATHAN M. PHILLIPS INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, the institution of public broadcasting has been subject to continuing criticism, particularly by those who are con- cerned that it is ideologically biased.1 In 2005, public broadcasting was in the limelight yet again when it was discovered that the Chair- man of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), Kenneth Tomlinson, secretly hired a consultant to monitor PBS programming for partisan biases.2 In the name of “balance,”3 Tomlinson’s project examined the programs of Bill Moyers, Tavis Smiley, and Diane Reihm, and rated their guests according to whether they were liberal or conservative.4 Related (and perhaps more obviously alarming) † B.A. 2002, University of Pennsylvania; M.Sc. 2003, London School of Economics and Political Science; J.D. Candidate 2007, University of Pennsylvania Law School. I’d like to thank Professor C. Edwin Baker for providing the inspiration for, and invalu- able comments on, this piece, and the entire staff of the University of Pennsylvania Law Review for their work on this Comment. Most importantly, I’d like to thank my fiancée and family for their support, particularly in listening to the rants that provided the ba- sis for this piece. All errors, of course, are my own. 1 See Editorial, Squelching Public Broadcasting, N.Y. TIMES, June 15, 2005, at A22 (noting Newt Gingrich’s efforts ten years before to eliminate funding for public broadcasting because of its “liberal bias,” and reporting on continuing attacks on the organization).
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Public Diplomacy Towards Iran During the George W
    U.S. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY TOWARDS IRAN DURING THE GEORGE W. BUSH ERA A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of PhD to the Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin by Javad Asgharirad Date of the viva voce/defense: 05.01.2012 First examiner: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ursula Lehmkuhl Second examiner: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Nicholas J. Cull i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My greatest thanks go to Prof. Ursula Lehmkuhl whose supervision and guidance made it possible for me to finish the current work. She deserves credit for any virtues the work may possess. Special thanks go to Nicholas Cull who kindly invited me to spend a semester at the University of Southern California where I could conduct valuable research and develop academic linkages with endless benefits. I would like to extend my gratitude to my examination committee, Prof. Dr. Claus Schönig, Prof. Dr. Paul Nolte, and Dr. Christoph Kalter for taking their time to read and evaluate my dissertation here. In the process of writing and re-writing various drafts of the dissertation, my dear friends and colleagues, Marlen Lux, Elisabeth Damböck, and Azadeh Ghahghaei took the burden of reading, correcting, and commenting on the rough manuscript. I deeply appreciate their support. And finally, I want to extend my gratitude to Pier C. Pahlavi, Hessamodin Ashena, and Foad Izadi, for sharing with me the results of some of their academic works which expanded my comprehension of the topic. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS II LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND IMAGES V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VI ABSTRACT VII INTRODUCTION 1 STATEMENT OF THE TOPIC 2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY AND QUESTIONS 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 4 UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY:DEFINING THE TERM 5 Public Diplomacy Instruments 8 America’s Public Diplomacy 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE 14 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 2003, No.9
    www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE:• International moot court competition in Kyiv — page 3. • Walter Duranty: “liar for a cause” — page 6. • A new field for collectors: Ukraine’s telephone cards — centerfold. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXXI HE KRAINIANNo. 9 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 2, 2003 EEKLY$1/$2 in Ukraine ReactionT to proposedU budget cuts Four presidentsW agree to develop for radios focuses on poor timing blueprint for economic integration by Andrew Nynka the initiative for the cuts to VOA and by Roman Woronowycz The announcement called for a working Radio Liberty came as a result of the Kyiv Press Bureau group of representatives of the four govern- PARSIPPANY, N.J. – While the U.S. budgetary process. Specifically, she said, ments to agree by July on a manner “to Congress prepares to review President KYIV – The presidents of four former develop a single, independent interstate reg- George W. Bush’s budget for Fiscal Year a decision was made during discussions Soviet republics, including Ukraine and between the BBG and the White House ulatory commission for trade and tariffs.” 2004, reactions to the news that the budg- Russia, announced in Moscow on February The end result of the negotiations would be et would include significant funding cuts Office of Management and Budget. The 23 that they had agreed to develop a plan spokeswoman, Joan Mower, said the cuts the creation of an Organization of Regional to U.S. broadcasts to Ukraine have been for economic integration and much closer Integration among the four states.
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Sawa: America's New Adventure in Radio
    Radio Sawa: America's new adventure in radio 1 broadcasting By Sam Hilmy May, 2007. In April 2002, the U.S. Government launched an audacious new Arabic language radio station aimed at the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The round-the-clock broadcasts, oddly dubbed Radio Sawa, replaced at a single stroke the respected brand name of the Voice of America's Arabic Service, which had for over a half century, in war and peace, provided the region with comprehensive full service programming. A predominantly pop music service designed to appeal to youth, Sawa was established at the behest of American commercial media mogul Norman Pattiz who, until his resignation at the end of 2006, was a member of the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), an independent U.S. federal agency. The BBG oversees all non-military U.S. Government-funded broadcast outlets. To run the new station, the BBG under Chairman Kenneth Tomlinson (a former chairman of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, editor of Reader's Digest and director of the VOA who also recently abandoned his government position under a cloud of criticism for mismanagement) founded and funded Feature Article 1 Arab Media & Society (May, 2007) Sam Hilmy the Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), a non-profit corporation. MBN also operates Sawa's younger twin Arabic TV satellite channel Alhurra. Mr. Tomlinson has publicly described his friend and colleague Mr. Pattiz as "the father of Radio Sawa." After the station was launched, Mr. Pattiz described it in a public forum in ecstatic terms: "It sounded so different and it was so appealing—because it really sounds like a Western contemporary music station, a pop station." Sawa's Mission Like any successful big-time business executive, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • How Do We Cover Penguins and the Politics of Denial? by Bill Moyers
    A Question for Journalists: How Do We Cover Penguins and the Politics of Denial? by Bill Moyers (From the keynote address to the annual convention of the Society of Environmental Journalists, Austin, Texas, October 1, 2005.) Thank you for inviting me here today and for counting me as a colleague. I don’t fit neatly into the job description of an environmental journalist although I have kept returning to the beat ever since my first documentary on the subject some 30 years ago. That was a story about how the new Republican governor of Oregon, Tom McCall, had set out to prove that the economy and the environment could share the center lane on the highway to the future. Those were optimistic years for the emerging environmental movement. Rachel Carson had rattled the cage with Silent Spring and on the first Earth Day in 1970 twenty million Americans rose from the grassroots to speak for the planet. Even Richard Nixon couldn’t say no to so powerful a subpoena by public opinion, and he put his signature to some far-reaching measures for environmental protection. I shared that optimism and believed journalism would help to fulfill it. I thought that when people saw a good example they would imitate it, that if Americans knew the facts and the possibilities they would act on them. After all, half a century ago, I had walked every day as a student across the campus of my alma mater, the University of Texas and could look up at the main tower and read the words: “You shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free.” I believed we were really on the way toward the third American Revolution.
    [Show full text]