Web-Based Bibliography
1 Introduction
General Works on African History:
Ajayi, J. F. Ade. "The Continuity of African Institutions under Colonialism." Pp. 189-200 in T. O. Ranger, ed., Emerging Themes in African History. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1968.
Nugent, Paul. Africa since Independence. Houndmills Eng: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Austin, Ralph. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. London: James Currey, 1987.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Africa: Endurance and Change South of the Sahara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove, 1966.
Freund, Bill. The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society Since 1800. 2nd edition. Boulder: Rienner, 1998.
Jewsiewicki, Bogumil, and David Newbury, eds. African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa? (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1986).
Mazrui, Ali, ed. General History of Africa: Africa since 1935. Berkeley: University of California Press for UNESCO, 1993
M'Bokolo, Elikia. Afrique Noire: histoire et civilisations du XIXe siècle à nos jours. 2nd. ed. Paris: Hatier, 2004.
Middleton, John, and Joseph Miller, eds. New Encyclopedia of Africa. 4 vols. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2007.
Rwanda:
Chrétien, Jean-Paul. Le défi de l'ethnisme: Rwanda et Burundi: 1990-1996. Karthala: 1997.
1 Des Forges, Alison. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999.
Gourevitch, Philip. We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: Stories from Rwanda. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
Lemarchand, René. Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996.
Lyons, Robert, and Scott Strauss. Intimate Enemy : Images and Voices of the Rwandan Genocide. New York: Zone Books, 2006.
Malkki, Liisa. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: Unviersity of Chicago Press, 1995.
Mamdani, Mahmood. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Newbury, Catherine. The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860- 1960. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.
Pottier, Johan. Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Prunier, Gérard. The Rwanda Crisis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
South Africa:
Evans, Ivan. Bureaucracy and Race: Native Administration in South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
Johnson, R. W., and Lawrence Schlemmer. Launching Democracy in South Africa: The First Open Election, April 1994. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
Karis, Thomas, and Gwendolyn Carter (eds.), From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa, 1882-1990, 5 vols. Stanford: Hoover Institution and Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972-1997.
Lodge, Tom. Black Politics in South Africa Since 1945. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1983.
Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.
2 Posel, Deborah. The Making of Apartheid, 1948-1961: Conflict and Compromise. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Reynolds, Andrew, ed. Election '94 South Africa: The Campaigns, the Results and Future Prospects. New York: St. Martin's, 1994.
-----. Election '99 South Africa: From Mandela to Mbeki. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.
Seidman, Gay. Manufacturing Militance: Workers’ Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970-1985. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
See also sources listed under Chapter 7.
2 Workers, Peasants, and the Crisis of Colonialism
Alence, Rod. "Colonial Government, Social Conflict and State Involvement in Africa's Open Economies: The Origins of the Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board, 1939-46." Journal of African History 42 (2001): 397-416.
Balandier, Georges. "La situation coloniale: Approche théorique." Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 11 (1951): 44-79.
Bessant, Leonard Leslie. "Coercive Development: Land Shortage, Forced Labor, and Colonial Development in the Chiweshe Reserve, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1938-1946." International Journal of Africa Historical Studies 25 (1992): 39-65.
Brown, Carolyn. "We Were All Slaves": African Miners, Culture, and Resistance at the Enugu Government Colliery. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2003.
Burton, Andrew. "Townsmen in the Making: Social Engineering and Citizenship in Dar es Salaam, c. 1945-1960." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36 (2003): 331-65.
Chauncey, George Jr. "The Locus of Reproduction: Women's Labour in the Zambian Copperbelt, 1927-1953." Journal of Southern African Studies 7 (1981): 135-64.
Cole, Jennifer. Forget Colonialism?: Sacrifice and the Art of Memory in Madagascar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
Cooper, Frederick. "'Our Strike’: Equality, Anticolonial Politics, and the French West African Railway Strike of 1947-48,” Journal of African History 37 (1996): 81-118.
Cooper, Frederick. Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
3 Eckert, Andreas. "Regulating the Social: Social Security, Social Welfare and the State in Late Colonial Tanzania." Journal of African History 45 (2004): 457-89.
Fall, Babacar. Le travail forcé en Afrique Occidentale Française, 1900-1945. Paris: Karthala, 1993.
Higginson, John. A Working Class in the Making: Belgian Colonial Labor Policy, Private Enterprise, and the African Mineworker, 1907-1951. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
Joseph, Richard. "Settlers, Strikers and Sans-Travail: The Douala Riots in September 1945." Journal of African History 15 (1974): 669-87.
Killingray, David, and Richard Rathbone, eds. Africa and the Second World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.
Lawler, Nancy. Soldiers of Misfortune: Ivoirien Tirailleurs of World War II. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1992.
Louis, Wm. Roger. Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
Mann, Gregory. Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2006.
Minkley, Gary. "Class and Culture in the Workplace: East London, Industrialisation, and the Conflict over Work, 1945-1957." Journal of Southern Africa Studies 18 (1992): 739-60.
Moodie, T. Dunbar. "The Political Economy of the Black Miners' Strike of 1946." Journal of Southern African Studies 13 (1986): 1-35.
Moodie, T. Dunbar. "The South African State and Industrial Conflict in the 1940s." International Journal of African Historical Studies 21 (1988): 21-61.
Parpart, Jane L. "'Where Is Your Mother?': Gender, Urban Marriage, and Colonial Discourse on the Zambian Copperbelt." International Journal of African Historical Studies 27 (1994): 241-71.
Pearce, R.D. The Turning Point in Africa: British Colonial Policy, 1938-1948. London: Frank Cass and Co., 1982.
Schmidt, Elizabeth. Mobilizing the Masses: Gender, Ethnicity, and Class in the Nationalist Movement in Guinea, 1939-1958 (Portsmouth NH, 2005)
Simelane, Hamilton Sipho. The State, Chiefs and the Control of Female Migration in Colonial
4 Swaziland, c. 1930s-1950s." Journal of African History 45 (2004): 102-25.
Spitzer, Leo, and LaRay Denzer. "I. T. A. Wallace Johnson and the West African Youth League." International Journal of African Historical Studies 6 (1973): 413-52, 565-601.
Tronchon, Jacques. L'insurrection malgache de 1947: essai d'interprétation historique. Paris: Maspero, 1974.
Van Beusekom, Monica. Negotiating Development: African Farmers and Colonial Experts at the Office du Niger, 1920-1960. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2002.
Waller, Richard. "Rebellious Youth in Colonial Africa," Journal of African History 47 (2006): 77-92
White, Owen. Children of the French Empire: Miscegenation and Colonial Society in French West Africa, 1895-1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Wilson, Godfrey. "An Essay on the Economics of Detribalization in Northern Rhodesia." Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 5. Livingstone: Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1941.
3 Citizenship, Self-Government, and Development
Bernault, Florence. Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique Centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon: 1940-1965. Paris: Karthala, 1996.
Bonner, Philip. "African Urbanization on the Rand between the 1930s and 1960s: Its Social Character and Political Consequences." Journal of Southern African Studies 21 (1995): 115-29.
Bonner, Philip, Peter Delius, and Deborah Posel, eds. Apartheid's Genesis, 1935-1962. Johannesburg: Ravan, 1993.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Nationalité et citoyenneté en Afrique occidentale français: Originaires et citoyens dans le Sénégal colonial." Journal of African History 42 (2001): 285-306.
Dubow, Saul. "Afrikaner Nationalism, Apartheid and the Conceptualization of 'Race'," Journal of African History 33(1992): 209-37.
Geiger, Susan. TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanzanian Nationalism, 1955-1965. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1997.
Grovogui, Siba. "Rituals of Power: Theory, Languages, and Vernaculars of International Relations." Alternatives 23 (1998): 499-529.
5 Havinden, Michael, and David Meredith, Colonialism and Development: Britain and Its Tropical Colonies, 1850-1960. London: Routledge, 1993.
Howe, Stephen. Anticolonialism in British Politics: The Left and the End of Empire, 1918- 1964. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Kipré, Pierre. Le congrès de Bamako ou la naisance du RDA. Paris: Afrique Contemporaine, 1989.
Lebovics, Herman. True France: The Wars over Cultural Identity, 1900-1945. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Manning, Patrick. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa 1880-1995. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Marshall, D. Bruce. The French Colonial Myth and Constitution-Making in the Fourth Republic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.
Robinson, Ronald. "Andrew Cohen and the Transfer of Power in Tropical Africa, 1940-1951." In Decolonization and After: The British and French Experiences, edited by W. H. Morris-Jones and Georges Fischer, 50-72. London: Frank Cass and Co., 1980.
Sharkey, Heather. Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
Sorum, Paul Clay. Intellectuals and Decolonization in France. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977.
Vaillant, Janet. Black, French, and African: A Life of Léopold Sédar Senghor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990.
White, Luise. Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
4 Ending Empires and Imagining the Future
Abernethy, David. The Political Dilemma of Popular Education: An African Case. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1969.
Ageron, Charles-Robert, and Marc Michel, eds. L'ére des décolonisations. Paris: Karthala, 1995.
Allman, Jean Marie. The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.
6 Anderson, David. Histories of the Hanged: Britain's Dirty War and the End of Empire. New York: Norton, 2005.
Atieno-Odhiambo, E. S., and John Lonsdale, eds., Mau Mau and Nationhood: Arms, Authority and Narration. London: James Currey, 2003.
Austin, Dennis. Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.
Beckman, Bjorn. Organizing the Farmers: Cocoa Politics and National Development in Ghana. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1976.
Berman, Bruce, and John Lonsdale. Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa. Book Two: Violence and Ethnicity. London: James Currey, 1992.
Chafer, Tony. The End of Empire in French West Africa: France's Successful Decolonization?. Oxford: Berg, 2002.
Coleman, James S. Nigeria: Background to Nationalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1958.
Coleman, James S., and Carl Rosberg, Jr. (eds.). Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
Davidson, Basil. Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah. New ed. with forward by Emmanuel Akyeampong. Oxford: James Currey, 2007. Orig. 1973.
de Benoist, Joseph Roger. L'Afrique Occidentale Française de 1944 à 1960. Dakar: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1982.
Elkins, Caroline. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of the End of Empire in Kenya. New York: Henry Holt, 2005.
Falola, Toyin. Nationalism and African Intellectuals. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2002.
Feierman, Steven. Peasant Intellectuals: Anthropology and History in Tanzania. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
Foltz, William J. From French West Africa to the Mali Federation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.
Gaines. Kevin. American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
7 Gifford, Prosser and Wm. Roger Louis, eds. The Transfer of Power in Africa: Decolonization, 1940-1960. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
Glassman, Jonathon. "Sorting Out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar's Newspaper Wars." Journal of African History 41 (2000): 395-428.
Glassman, Jonathon. "Slower than a Massacre: The Multiple Sources of Racial Thought in Colonial Africa.." American Historical Review 109 (2004): 720-54
Great Britain. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. British Documents on the End of Empire. Multiple volumes and multiple editors. London: HMSO, 1992-2004.
Hanretta, Sean. "'To Never Shed Blood': Yacouba Sylla, Félix Houphouët-Boigny and Islamic Modernization in Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of African History 49 (2008): 281-304.
Hargreaves, John D. Decolonization in Africa. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1996.
Hodgkin, Thomas. Nationalism in Colonial Africa. New York: New York University Press, 1957.
Iliffe, John. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Johnson, R. W. "Sékou Touré and the Guinean Revolution." African Affairs 69 (1970): 350- 65.
Joseph, Richard. Radical Nationalism in Cameroun: Social Origins of the UPC Rebellion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Keese, Alexander. "First Lessons in Neo-Colonialism: The Personalisation of Relations between African Politicians and French Officials in sub-Saharan Africa, 1956-66." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 35 (2007): 593-613.
Lawrance, Benjamin. Locality, Mobility and "Nation": Periurban Colonialism in Togo's Eweand, 1900-1960. Rochester NY: Rochester University Press, 2007.
Lewis, Joanna. Empire State-Building: War and Welfare in Kenya, 1925-52. Oxford: Currey, 2000.
Kanogo, Tabitha. Squatters and the Roots of Mau Mau, 1905-63. London: James Currey, 1987.
Kershaw, Greet. Mau Mau from Below. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1996.
Lofchie, Michael. Zanzibar: Background to Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.
8 Lonsdale, John. "Mau Maus of the Mind: Making Mau Mau and Remaking Kenya." Journal of African History 31 (1990): 393-421.
Marseille, Jacques. Empire colonial et capitalisme français: Histoire d'un divorce. Paris: Albin Michel, 1984.
Mbembe, Achille. La naissance du maquis dans le Sud-Cameroun: Histoires d‘indisciplines (1920-1960). Paris: Karthala, 1993.
Morgenthau, Ruth Schachter. Political Parties in French Speaking West Africa. Oxford: Clarendon, 1964.
Ogot, B. A. "Revolt of the Elders: An Anatomy of the Loyalist Crowd in the Mau Mau Uprising." In Hadith 4, edited by Ogot, 134-48. Nairobi: East Africa Publishing House, 1972.
Ogot, B. A., and William Ochieng (eds.). Decolonization and Independence in Kenya, 1940- 1993. London: James Currey, 1995.
Rathbone, Richard. Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951-1960. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1999.
Rosberg, Carl G. and John Nottingham. The Myth of "Mau Mau": Nationalism in Kenya. New York: Praeger, 1966.
Scarnecchia, Timothy. "Residential Segregation and the Spatial Politics of Gender, Salisbury, Rhodesia, 1940-56." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1993.
Schmidt, Elizabeth. Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007 .
Schumaker, Lyn. Africanizing Anthropology: Fieldwork, Networks, and the Making of Cultural Knowledge in Central Africa. Durham: Duke University Press, 2001.
Sklar, Richard. Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Stren, Richard. Housing the Urban Poor in Africa: Policy, Politics, and Bureaucracy in Mombasa. Berkeley: International Studies Center, University of California, 1978.
Terretta, Meredith. "'God of Independence, God of Peace': Village Politics and Nationalism in the Maquis of Cameroon, 1957-71." Journal of African History 46 (2005): 75-102.
Thomas, Lynn. "'Ngaitana' (I will circumcize myself): The Gender and Generational Politics of the 1956 Ban on Clitoridectomy in Meru, Kenya," Gender and History 8 (1996): 338-63.
9 Throup, David. Economic and Social Origins of Mau Mau, 1945-53. London: James Currey, 1987.
Tignor, Robert. Capitalism and Nationalism at the End of Empire: State and Business in Decolonizing Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya, 1945-1963. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
Vaughan, Olufemi. "Chieftaincy Politics and Communal Identity in Western Nigeria, 1893- 1951." Journal of African History 44 (2003): 282-302.
Verhaegen, Benoit, with Charles Tashimanga. L'ABAKO et l'indépendance du Congo belge: Dix ans d enationalisme kongo (1950-1960). Paris: L'Harmattan, 2003
Von Eschen, Penny. Race against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.
Wambui Waiyaki Otieno. Mau Mau's Daughter: A Life History. Ed. By Cora Ann Presley. Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 1998.
Whitaker, C. S. The Politics of Tradition, Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946- 1966. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Zolberg, Aristide. One-party Government in the Ivory Coast. Revised edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
5 Development and Disappointment
Social and Economic Issues:
Adepoju, Aderanti, ed. Family, Population and Development in Africa. London: Zed, 1997.
Agyei-Mensah, Samuel. "Twelve Years of HIV/AIDS in Ghana: Puzzles of Interpretation." Canadian Journal of African Studies 35 (2001): 441-72
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku. Drink, Power, and Cultural Change: A Social History of Alcohol in Ghana, c. 1800 to Present Times. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996.
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku. Between the Sea and the Lagoon : an Eco-social History of the Anlo of Southeastern Ghana, C. 1850 to Recent Times. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001.
Allman, Jean Marie. "'Making Mothers': Missionaries, Medical Officers and Women's Work in Colonial Asante, 1924-1945." History Workshop Journal 38 (1994): 23-47.
10 Allman, Jean Marie, and Victoria Tashjian. "I Will Not Eat Stone": A Women's History of Colonial Asante. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2000.
Anderson, David. Eroding the Commons: The Politics of Ecology in Baringo, Kenya, 1890s–1963. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002
Anderson, David, and Vigdis Broch-Due, eds. The Poor Are Not Us: Poverty and Pastoralism in Eastern Africa. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1999.
Baker, Kathleen. Land Management in Africa: an Environmental Balancing Act. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Balandier, Georges. The Sociology of Black Africa. Trans. by Douglas Garman. London: André Deutsch, 1970.
Balandier, Georges. Sociologie des Brazzavilles noires. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1985 [1955].
Banton, Michael. West African City. London: Oxford University Press, 1957.
Barnes, Teresa. "We Women Worked so Hard": Gender, Urbanization and Social Reproduction in Colonial Harare, Zimbabwe, 1930-1956. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 1999.
Barnett, Tony, and Alan Whiteside, AIDS and the Twentieth Century: Disease and Globalization. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan, 2002
Bassett, Thomas J. The Peasant Cotton Revolution in West Africa: Côte d'Ivoire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Bates, Robert H. Markets and States in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.
Bazenguissa-Ganga, Rémy, and Janet MacGaffey. Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law. London: Currey, 2000.
Becker, Charles, Jean-Pierre Dozon,Chrsitne Obbo, and Moriba Touré, eds. Vivre et penser le sida en Afrique/Experiencing and Understanding AIDS in Africa. Paris: Karthala, 1999.
Beinart, William. "Soil Erosion, Conervationism and Ideas about Development: A Southern African Exploration, 1900-1960." Journal of Southern African Studies 11 (1984): 51-83.
Beinart, William. The Rise of Conservation in South Africa: Settlers, Livestock and the Environment, 1770-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
11 Beinart, William. "African History and Environmental History." African Affairs 99 (2000): 269-302.
Beinart, William, and JoAnn McGregor, eds. Social History and Afrian Environments. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2003.
Berger, Iris. Threads of Solidarity : Women in South African Industry, 1900-1980. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1992.
Berger, Iris, and E. Frances White. Women in Sub-saharan Africa : Restoring Women to History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Bernault, Florence, ed. A History of Prison and Confinement in Africa. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2003.
Berry, Sara. Chiefs Know Their Boundaries: Essays on Property, Power, and the Past in Asante, 1896-1996. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2000.
Berry, Sara. Fathers Work for Their Sons: Accumulation, Mobility, and Class Formation in an Extended Yoruba Community. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Berry, Sara. No Condition is Permanent: The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub- Saharan Africa. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.
Bevan, David, Paul Collier, Norman Gemmell, and David Greenaway, eds. Trade and Fiscal Adjustment in Africa. Houndmills: Macmillan, 2000.
Blackden, Mark, and Chitra Bhanu. 1998. Gender, Growth, and Poverty Reduction in Sub- Saharan Africa. SPA Status Report. Washington: World Bank.
Bledsoe, Caroline. “’Children are like young bamboo trees’: Potentiality and Reproduction in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Kerstin Lindahl-Kiessling and Hans Landberg (eds.), Population, Economic Development, and the Environment (London: Oxford University Press, 1994), 105- 38.
Boone, Catherine. "Property and Constitutional Order: Land Tenure Reform and the Future of the African State." African Affairs 106 (2007): 557-86.
Bowen, Merle L. The State against the Peasantry: Rural Struggles in Colonial and Postcolonial Mozambique. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000.
Buckman, Claudia. "The State and Schooling in Kenya: Historical Development and Current Challenges." Africa Today 46, 1 (1999): 95-112.
12 Bunker, Stephen. Peasants against the State: The Politics of Market Control in Bugisu, Uganda, 1900-1983. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Timothy Burke. Lifebuoy Men, Lux Women: Commodification, Consumption and Cleanliness in Modern Zimbabwe. Durham: Duke University Press, 1996.
Burton, Andrew. African Underclass: Urbanisation, Crime and Colonial Order in Dar es Salaam. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2005.
Burton, Andrew, ed. The Urban Experience in Eastern Africa c. 1750-2000. Nairobi: The British Institute in Eastern Africa, 2002.
Choquet, C., O. Dollfus, E. Le Roy, and M. Vernières (eds.). Etat des savoirs sur le développement: Trois décennies de sciences sociales en langue française. Paris: Karthala, 1993.
Clark, Gracia. Onions Are My Husband: Survival and Accumulation by West African Market Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Cohen, Abner. Custom and Politics in Urban Africa: A Study of Hausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.
Collier, Paul, and Jan Willem Gunning. "Why Has Africa Grown Slowly?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 13, 3 (1999): 3-22.
Collier, Paul, Samir Radwan, and Samuel Wangwe. Labour and Poverty in Rural Tanzania: Ujamaa and Rural Development in the United Republic of Tanzania. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Colson, Elizabeth. The Social Consequences of Resettlement: The Impact of the Kariba Resettlements upon the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1971.
Cooper, Barbara. Marriage in Maradi: Gender and Culture in a Hausa Society in Niger, 1900- 1989. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1997.
Cooper, Frederick, ed., Struggle for the City: Migrant Labor, Capital, and the State in Urban Africa. Beverly Hills, California: Sage, 1983.
Cooper, Frederick, and Randall Packard (eds.). International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "The Process of Urbanization in Africa." African Studies Review 24, 1 (1991): 1-98.
13 Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Les africaines: histoire des femmes de l'Afrique noire du XIXe au XXe siècle. Paris: Desjonquères, 1992.
Cordell, Dennis, and Joel Gregory (eds.). African Population and Capitalism: Historical Perspectives. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.
Crush, Jonathan, Alan Jeeves, and David Yudelman. South Africa's Labor Empire: A History of Black Migrancy to the Gold Mines. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991. d'Almeida Topor, Helène, Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch and Odile Goerg (eds). Les jeunes en Afrique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992.
Dimier, Véronique. "L'institutionnalisation de la Commission européene (DG Développement) du rôle des leaders dans la construction d'une administration multinationale 1958-1975." Revue Etudes Internationales 34, 3 (2003): 401-27
Dubresson, Alain. Ville et industrie en Côte d'Ivoire: pour une géographie de l'accumulation urbaine. Paris: Karthala, 1989.
Easterly, William. The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and so Little Good. New York: Penguin, 2006.
Englund. Harri. Prisoners of Freedom: Human Rights and the African Poor. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
Epstein, A. L. Politics in an Urban African Community. Manchester: Manchester University Press on behalf of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1958.
Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach. Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savannah Mosaic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Feierman, Steven, and John M. Janzen, eds. The Social Basis of Health and Healing in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
Ferguson, James. The Anti-Politics Machine: "Development." Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Ferguson, James. Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Ferguson, James. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2006
14 Fieldhouse, D. K. Black Africa: Economic Decolonization and Arrested Development. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.
Foster, Philip. Education and Social Change in Ghana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965
Fouchard, Laurent. De la ville coloniale à la cour africaine: Espaces, pouvoirs et sociétés à Ouagadougou et à Bobo-Dioulasso (Haute-Volta) fin XIXe siècle-1960. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2001.
Fourchard, Laurent, ed. Gouverner les villes d'Afrique: Etat, gouvernement local et acteurs privé. Paris :Karthala,. 2007.
Freund, Bill. The African Worker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Freund, Bill. The African City: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Galvan, Dennis. The Stae Must Be Our Master of Fire: How Peasants Craft Culturally Sustainable Development in Senegal. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Gérard, Etienne. La tentation du savoir en Afrique: Politiques, mythes et stratégies d'education au Mali. Paris: Karthala-ORSTOM, 1997.
Giblin, James, Isaria Kimambo, and Gregory Maddox, eds., Custodians of the Land: Ecology and culture in the History of Tanzania. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1996.
Giles-Vernick, Tamara. Cutting the Vines of the Past: Environmental Histories of the central African Rain Forest. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2002.
Goheen, Miriam. Men Own the Fields; Women Own the Crops: Gender and Power in the Cameroon Grassfields. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.
Gondola, Charles Didier. Villes miroirs: Migrations et identites urbaines a Kinshasa et Brazzaville, 1930-1970. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1996.
Grosz-Ngate, Maria, and Omari Kokole, eds. Gendered Encounters: Challenging Cultural Boundaries and Social Hierarchies in Africa. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Guyer, Jane. An African Niche Economy: Farming to Feed Ibadan, 1968-88. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997.
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7 The Recurrent Crises of the Gatekeeper State
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8 Africa at the Century's Turn
Scholarly Journals:
Africa
Africa Development
Africa Today
African Affairs
African Studies
African Studies Review
Afrique Contemporaine
Afrique et Histoire
Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines
Canadian Journal of Africans Studies
International Journal of African Historical Studies
Journal of African History
Journal of Modern African Studies
Journal of Southern African Studies
Politique Africaine
Review of African Political Economy
39 Web resources (several of which provide further links):
africa-union.org. The African Union (the successor to the Organization of African States) africanstudies.org. The African Studies Association of the United States africapolicy.org. Africa Policy Information Center. Bulletins on political issues allafrica.com. Multimedia information site, including links to African newspapers anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/ Historical documents on South African politics collected by the ANC codesria.org. CODESRIA is the leading Africa-based research consortium cosatu.org.za. The leading organization of trade unions in South Africa doj.gov.za/trc. Truth and Reconciliation Commission, South Africa h-net.org/~africa. H-Africa. Web site for discussion groups, bibliographies, and links to web resources hrw.org. Human Rights Watch mg.co.za. Electronic edition of South Africa's Mail and Guardian newspaper sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/AS.html. African Studies, University of Pennsylvania, with links to web and other resources sec.ecowas.int. The secretariate of ECOWAS, the Economic Community of West African States http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html. Links to many web resources designed by African Studies staff at Stanford. uneca.org. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa worldbank.org. World Bank web-site Most African countries have official websites, as do many newspapers and journals.
40