Web-Based Bibliography 1 Introduction General Works on African History: Ajayi, J. F. Ade. "The Continuity of African Institutions under Colonialism." Pp. 189-200 in T. O. Ranger, ed., Emerging Themes in African History. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1968. Nugent, Paul. Africa since Independence. Houndmills Eng: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Austin, Ralph. African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency. London: James Currey, 1987. Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. Africa: Endurance and Change South of the Sahara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove, 1966. Freund, Bill. The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society Since 1800. 2nd edition. Boulder: Rienner, 1998. Jewsiewicki, Bogumil, and David Newbury, eds. African Historiographies: What History for Which Africa? (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1986). Mazrui, Ali, ed. General History of Africa: Africa since 1935. Berkeley: University of California Press for UNESCO, 1993 M'Bokolo, Elikia. Afrique Noire: histoire et civilisations du XIXe siècle à nos jours. 2nd. ed. Paris: Hatier, 2004. Middleton, John, and Joseph Miller, eds. New Encyclopedia of Africa. 4 vols. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2007. Rwanda: Chrétien, Jean-Paul. Le défi de l'ethnisme: Rwanda et Burundi: 1990-1996. Karthala: 1997. 1 Des Forges, Alison. “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999. Gourevitch, Philip. We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families: Stories from Rwanda. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998. Lemarchand, René. Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996. Lyons, Robert, and Scott Strauss. Intimate Enemy : Images and Voices of the Rwandan Genocide. New York: Zone Books, 2006. Malkki, Liisa. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: Unviersity of Chicago Press, 1995. Mamdani, Mahmood. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. Newbury, Catherine. The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860- 1960. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Pottier, Johan. Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Prunier, Gérard. The Rwanda Crisis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. South Africa: Evans, Ivan. Bureaucracy and Race: Native Administration in South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Johnson, R. W., and Lawrence Schlemmer. Launching Democracy in South Africa: The First Open Election, April 1994. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. Karis, Thomas, and Gwendolyn Carter (eds.), From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa, 1882-1990, 5 vols. Stanford: Hoover Institution and Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972-1997. Lodge, Tom. Black Politics in South Africa Since 1945. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1983. Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994. 2 Posel, Deborah. The Making of Apartheid, 1948-1961: Conflict and Compromise. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. Reynolds, Andrew, ed. Election '94 South Africa: The Campaigns, the Results and Future Prospects. New York: St. Martin's, 1994. -----. Election '99 South Africa: From Mandela to Mbeki. New York: St. Martin's, 1999. Seidman, Gay. Manufacturing Militance: Workers’ Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970-1985. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. See also sources listed under Chapter 7. 2 Workers, Peasants, and the Crisis of Colonialism Alence, Rod. "Colonial Government, Social Conflict and State Involvement in Africa's Open Economies: The Origins of the Ghana Cocoa Marketing Board, 1939-46." Journal of African History 42 (2001): 397-416. Balandier, Georges. "La situation coloniale: Approche théorique." Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 11 (1951): 44-79. Bessant, Leonard Leslie. "Coercive Development: Land Shortage, Forced Labor, and Colonial Development in the Chiweshe Reserve, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1938-1946." International Journal of Africa Historical Studies 25 (1992): 39-65. Brown, Carolyn. "We Were All Slaves": African Miners, Culture, and Resistance at the Enugu Government Colliery. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2003. Burton, Andrew. "Townsmen in the Making: Social Engineering and Citizenship in Dar es Salaam, c. 1945-1960." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36 (2003): 331-65. Chauncey, George Jr. "The Locus of Reproduction: Women's Labour in the Zambian Copperbelt, 1927-1953." Journal of Southern African Studies 7 (1981): 135-64. Cole, Jennifer. Forget Colonialism?: Sacrifice and the Art of Memory in Madagascar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Cooper, Frederick. "'Our Strike’: Equality, Anticolonial Politics, and the French West African Railway Strike of 1947-48,” Journal of African History 37 (1996): 81-118. Cooper, Frederick. Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 3 Eckert, Andreas. "Regulating the Social: Social Security, Social Welfare and the State in Late Colonial Tanzania." Journal of African History 45 (2004): 457-89. Fall, Babacar. Le travail forcé en Afrique Occidentale Française, 1900-1945. Paris: Karthala, 1993. Higginson, John. A Working Class in the Making: Belgian Colonial Labor Policy, Private Enterprise, and the African Mineworker, 1907-1951. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989. Joseph, Richard. "Settlers, Strikers and Sans-Travail: The Douala Riots in September 1945." Journal of African History 15 (1974): 669-87. Killingray, David, and Richard Rathbone, eds. Africa and the Second World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. Lawler, Nancy. Soldiers of Misfortune: Ivoirien Tirailleurs of World War II. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1992. Louis, Wm. Roger. Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941-1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977. Mann, Gregory. Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2006. Minkley, Gary. "Class and Culture in the Workplace: East London, Industrialisation, and the Conflict over Work, 1945-1957." Journal of Southern Africa Studies 18 (1992): 739-60. Moodie, T. Dunbar. "The Political Economy of the Black Miners' Strike of 1946." Journal of Southern African Studies 13 (1986): 1-35. Moodie, T. Dunbar. "The South African State and Industrial Conflict in the 1940s." International Journal of African Historical Studies 21 (1988): 21-61. Parpart, Jane L. "'Where Is Your Mother?': Gender, Urban Marriage, and Colonial Discourse on the Zambian Copperbelt." International Journal of African Historical Studies 27 (1994): 241-71. Pearce, R.D. The Turning Point in Africa: British Colonial Policy, 1938-1948. London: Frank Cass and Co., 1982. Schmidt, Elizabeth. Mobilizing the Masses: Gender, Ethnicity, and Class in the Nationalist Movement in Guinea, 1939-1958 (Portsmouth NH, 2005) Simelane, Hamilton Sipho. The State, Chiefs and the Control of Female Migration in Colonial 4 Swaziland, c. 1930s-1950s." Journal of African History 45 (2004): 102-25. Spitzer, Leo, and LaRay Denzer. "I. T. A. Wallace Johnson and the West African Youth League." International Journal of African Historical Studies 6 (1973): 413-52, 565-601. Tronchon, Jacques. L'insurrection malgache de 1947: essai d'interprétation historique. Paris: Maspero, 1974. Van Beusekom, Monica. Negotiating Development: African Farmers and Colonial Experts at the Office du Niger, 1920-1960. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann, 2002. Waller, Richard. "Rebellious Youth in Colonial Africa," Journal of African History 47 (2006): 77-92 White, Owen. Children of the French Empire: Miscegenation and Colonial Society in French West Africa, 1895-1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Wilson, Godfrey. "An Essay on the Economics of Detribalization in Northern Rhodesia." Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 5. Livingstone: Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1941. 3 Citizenship, Self-Government, and Development Bernault, Florence. Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique Centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon: 1940-1965. Paris: Karthala, 1996. Bonner, Philip. "African Urbanization on the Rand between the 1930s and 1960s: Its Social Character and Political Consequences." Journal of Southern African Studies 21 (1995): 115-29. Bonner, Philip, Peter Delius, and Deborah Posel, eds. Apartheid's Genesis, 1935-1962. Johannesburg: Ravan, 1993. Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Nationalité et citoyenneté en Afrique occidentale français: Originaires et citoyens dans le Sénégal colonial." Journal of African History 42 (2001): 285-306. Dubow, Saul. "Afrikaner Nationalism, Apartheid and the Conceptualization of 'Race'," Journal of African History 33(1992): 209-37. Geiger, Susan. TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanzanian Nationalism, 1955-1965. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1997. Grovogui, Siba. "Rituals of Power: Theory, Languages, and Vernaculars of International Relations." Alternatives 23 (1998): 499-529. 5 Havinden, Michael, and David Meredith, Colonialism and Development: Britain and Its Tropical Colonies,