Guidelines on Pet Management for Housing Providers
www.petadvisory.org.uk Contents
Introduction 03 The role of pets in society – the benefits and the drawbacks 04 Formulating a pet policy – what to consider 05 Giving permission to keep pets 06 Guidelines on Education and awareness 06 Pet Management Unauthorised pets 07 for Housing Animals suitable as domestic pets 07 Providers Guidance for the number of animals 08 2nd edition Animal care 09 Enforcing your pet policy 12 Common pet management issues 12
Housing legislation and advice 14 Animals and the law 14 Older people and sheltered accommodation 16 Homeless pet owners and hostels 17
Case studies of effective working practice 18 Draft pet policy 22 Application to keep a pet in accommodation – draft form 24 Directory of useful contacts 26 Further reading 30 References 30 Pet Advisory Committee
02 Introduction
Pets provide people with companionship, comfort and love and offer them a way of making contact with others. As such, pets are not something housing providers can ignore. Many people see their pets as a natural extension of, or a replacement for, a family. People of all ethnic groups, ages and abilities may have pets. There is no limit to the type of person who may have a pet and benefit from that relationship. Pet ownership has risen over the last few decades. Over 6 million households in the UK are now estimated to own dogs; 5.2 million households own cats and 4.7 million households own fish (Pet Food Manufacturers' Association, 2009). Traditional ‘domestic’ pets include dogs, cats, rabbits, rodents and budgerigars but, more recently, there has been a trend for people to keep exotic species such as invertebrates, snakes and other reptiles and birds. The increase in number and variety of species kept has implications for both human and animal welfare. Issues of both health and safety potentially compromise human welfare: injury through bites from dogs and scratches from cats are all causes for concern. Even small mammals can cause problems by escaping and chewing wiring, causing a potential fire hazard. The noise and smell of pets can also disturb neighbours and all of these are therefore issues for housing providers. In recent years, the different issues involved in keeping animals has become of increasing concern to housing providers and the community as a whole. This ‘Housing Provider Resource’ updates the previous booklet published jointly by PATHWAY and PAC (Pet Advisory Committee) in July 2007. The work in this area has now been taken over solely by PAC, which has set up a dedicated sub-group on pets and housing to take this work forward. Dogs Trust acts as Secretariat and can be contacted via [email protected]. For further information on the work of PAC please go to www.petadvisory.org.uk.
In 2004, Pathway carried out a survey of over 1,100 housing directors and officers from local authorities and housing associations across the UK. The results of the survey form the basis of this innovative pack. Covering all types of pets from dogs, cats and rabbits to spiders, snakes and snails, the pack gives expert advice in a number of essential areas. These include:
n important points to consider when putting a pet policy together n how to deal with unauthorised pets and residents who ignore the rules n detailed guidance on how many animals to allow in any given home n how to tackle or minimise common problems, such as fouling, noise, damage and strays n a brief summary of the most important laws concerning pets and their owners n case studies of good practice n a sample pet policy that you can amend to suit your own needs. This resource is free – you can download it from the PAC website at www.petadvisory.org.uk www.petadvisory.org.uk Printed copies can be requested from [email protected]
03 Pet ownership has also been shown to benefit older adults. The role of pets in society – Age can bring reduced mobility and independence, as well as the benefits and the drawbacks a smaller social group, as the number of friends and relatives decreases. This can lead to elderly people growing more isolated and lonely, which can affect both psychological Perhaps dogs and cats are the most obvious pets because and physical health. Looking after another creature can they are the ones we usually see out and about with their give elderly people a role and identity, while having a pet owners. However, many other species are kept, such provides someone to talk to and confide in, a topic of as guinea-pigs, rabbits, goldfish, hamsters, budgerigars conversation and point of interest for others. and even horses. Some of these animals are kept indoors and some are outdoor pets. Just as varied Pets can also improve their owners’ health. These benefits are the types of people who are pet owners. are not restricted to those who own dogs and walk several miles a day. In fact, studies suggest that interacting with a New animal welfare legislation – the Animal friendly animal, or even watching a tank of fish, can help Welfare Act 2006 in England and Wales and reduce blood pressure and increase feelings of relaxation. the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2006 in Other studies (by Anderson et al, 1992, and Friedman et Scotland – has revolutionised animal welfare in the al, 1980) suggest that pet ownership can help prevent heart UK because it introduces a duty of care on any person disease and aid recovery from heart attacks. keeping an animal to ensure that they look after it properly. For example, it is now a legal requirement for pet owners Because they reduce the strains of modern living on our to ensure their pet has: physical and psychological health, pets should clearly be welcomed. Welcoming pets can arguably increase n a proper diet (food and water) productivity and reduce health service expenditure as well n protection from pain, suffering, injury or disease as generally improving the society in which we live. n the ability to exhibit normal behaviour patterns n a suitable environment to live in with or apart from Drawbacks of pet ownership other animals
This list is not exhaustive and when putting together your Pet ownership also has disadvantages. These can take pet policy and accompanying guidance, you should consult various forms, but are basically related to the concept of the relevant legislation and codes of practice. There is no responsible pet ownership. The responsible pet owner will doubt that these new laws will have a significant effect on take a number of steps to ensure a pet’s well-being. tackling cruelty and neglect. See ‘Animals and the law’ n They will ensure that the pet fits in with their lifestyle, on page 14. physical abilities and environment: for example, a dog would not be a suitable pet for someone who is The benefits of pet ownership housebound but fish, a rabbit or a budgerigar may well be. n They will house their pet properly and securely, for Many studies have examined the psychological and example in a cage, tank or garden. physiological benefits that pets can bring to their owners n They will keep the animal in a manner that ensures its and books have even been written on the subject (for physical and psychological well-being, so that it is not example Robinson, 1995, and Dono & Ormerod, 2005). stressed when left alone and therefore does not create a Over the last 40 years, British society has changed radically. noise nuisance or become destructive. Life is lived at a much faster pace and there has been a dramatic change in our working lives, with many of us n They will not have so many pets that there are issues of changing jobs and locations several times during our life. overcrowding with potential health implications for both This has led to a fracturing of the family, with the family animals and humans. unit becoming smaller and more physically distant from n They will also ensure that an animal is appropriately relatives, such as grandparents, brothers and sisters. This trained – this is particularly important in the case of in turn has led to a general decrease in social support dogs – and that the training takes into consideration the
Pet Advisory Committee mechanisms for some people and an increase in social feelings of others, for example by training the dog not isolation. Over the same period, pet ownership has to approach anyone without permission and then to sit increased substantially and people from all sections of rather than jump up in greeting. society are now pet owners. With some thought, consideration and informed advice, Research has shown that for children, pet ownership under there is no reason why pet ownership cannot be a pleasure responsible adult supervision can help develop social skills, for the owner and a neutral, if not pleasurable, experience social and moral responsibility, empathy and a caring and for the wider community. nurturing attitude to others. Pets can provide a child with a friend and confidant and can increase confidence and self Perhaps the only drawback of responsible pet ownership esteem. They can also act as an ice breaker, giving the child is that pets tend to live shorter lives than humans. The a shared interest with their friends and so increasing their exceptions to this are parrots and tortoises, which regularly social support network. reach 80 years of age.
04 Your policy should also detail any restrictions and control Formulating a pet policy – of animals, as well as their owners’ legal obligations and what to consider responsibilities. In particular, you should be aware of the duty of care section within the Animal Welfare Act (England and Wales) 2006 and the Animal Health and Benefits of companion animals Welfare Act (Scotland) 2006 as mentioned previously. See also ‘Animals and the Law’ section on page 14. Housing providers should consider pet owners when placing people in temporary accommodation or putting Outline your responsibilities existing residents into emergency accommodation. Animal welfare organisations are regularly contacted by families It is an offence to cause unnecessary suffering to any and individuals who are unable to bring their pets into their domestic or captive animal. Reports of animal neglect temporary accommodation. Fostering schemes do exist and cruelty from either staff or residents should never be for certain groups who are vulnerable or at risk, such as ignored and details should be passed on immediately to the women fleeing domestic violence and elderly people (see RSPCA on 0300 1234999 or, in Scotland, to the SSPCA on the contacts directory for more information). In most 03000 999999. In such cases you should consult your legal cases, however, the pet and the family benefit more by department and your local dog warden or environmental staying together. Separation causes a great deal of distress health officer for further advice. to both pet and owner, and people often turn down offers Review your policy regularly and consult individual of accommodation because they cannot bear to be parted residents and resident associations to see how the from their pets. See ‘Older people and sheltered policy could be revised or improved to tackle any accommodation’ on page 16 and ‘Homeless pet problems you might be experiencing. owners and hostels’ on page 17.
Tenant consultation Disregarding pets
Under housing legislation, housing providers must consult Many housing providers do not have a pet policy or even their tenants on issues directly affecting them. Pets are a mention pets in their tenancy agreements. It is not advised textbook example of this, particularly in accommodation to take such a ’blind eye’ approach. This is by far the harder that has communal areas, such as stairwells, which may be route and may well cause problems for both residents and shared with tenants who do not own pets. Many housing housing staff in the future. providers find that, when consulted, non pet owners are often happy for their neighbours to keep a cat or dog as Likewise, having only a small, vague clause in a tenancy long as owners sign up to a comprehensive pet policy that is agreement can be confusing and can lead to many disputes enforced by the housing provider. over the type and number of pets allowed. Approximately one in two households owns a pet (Pet Food Manufacturers’ Association 2009), so it is in your interest to take the subject of pet ownership as seriously as other management issues.
If you do have a ‘no pets’ policy and only decide to enforce it after you have knowingly allowed residents to keep unauthorised pets, you will encounter problems and, as some housing providers have discovered, even adverse publicity.
You are also likely to encounter more pet management problems if neither your staff nor residents are aware of their responsibilities. You should try to provide residents with as much information as possible regarding your pet policy and responsible pet ownership. Make sure that you
have a clear structure for enforcing your policy and dealing www.petadvisory.org.uk Animal welfare with complaints and that housing staff are aware of all procedures, see ‘Enforcing your pet policy’ on page 12. Outline the tenant’s responsibilities Your pet policy should always be clearly stated and Information on the keeping of certain species and their explained within your resident handbook or in a leaflet welfare needs are contained within this booklet, see dedicated to pet ownership, so that any new residents ‘Animal care’ on page 9. For further information, consult applying for housing are aware of it. If you are changing or the appropriate animal welfare organisation or expert, updating your policy, then this information should be made see the contacts directory. You should include details available to all existing tenants. If you ask residents to sign regarding pet care and welfare in your policy; for example, a separate pet policy then this must be mentioned in your whether or not you require an animal to be neutered or tenancy agreement so that, if an owner does not abide microchipped – sheltered accommodation providers may by the policy, they will automatically be in breach of their insist that pets are neutered and regularly vaccinated. tenancy agreement.
05 Giving permission to keep pets Education and awareness
Housing providers take different approaches when giving Your policies permission for pets. However, most housing providers use one of the two methods below. Make sure that your pet policy and any additional information, such as procedures to apply for a pet and to make a complaint, are supplied to all new and existing residents. This information could be made available as a handbook or a series of leaflets for pet owners.
Information resources Informed pet owners are likely to be responsible and less likely to allow their pets to generate complaints. It is therefore a good idea to provide information on responsible pet ownership. This information should also be available to download on your website. You could start by using some of the information contained within this document. For more information refer to the Animal Welfare Act 2006 Code of Practice for the appropriate species. The English Codes are available from the following link www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/pets/cruelty The Scottish Codes are available from the following link www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/farmingrural/Agriculture/ animal-welfare/AnimalWelfare/Recommendations The Welsh Codes are available from the following link wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/ahw/ animalwelfare/pets/codesofpractice Permission required Directory By requiring residents to seek permission to keep a pet, It is also a good idea to build up a directory of local and you are able to hold a list of registered pets. This is an ideal national contacts for pet owners. These should include way to deal with strays and identify dog fouling culprits. contact details of: It also helps to ensure that registered pet owners are notified about issues such as animal care, pet policies or n local animal welfare charities open days. See Case Study 1 where Wandsworth n local training classes Local Authority has recently introduced compulsory n boarding kennels microchipping and registration for dogs. Permission n fostering schemes should be either granted or denied by the housing manager/ n pet insurance office, who can decide upon each case depending on the n the Kennel Club’s Good Citizen Dog Scheme register of pets or the numbers suitable for the specific type n local veterinary practices (including details of practices of accommodation. If possible, a decision on an individual and schemes for subsidised veterinary care such as the basis should be made by visiting the property and owner PDSA and RSPCA clinics) so that you can assess their ability to care for the animal and the suitability of the property. See page 24 for a sample Housing providers in London should refer to the GLA’s application form which can be used or changed as to your booklet, ‘Caring for animals in London’, which includes requirements. details of animal charities that offer free and subsidised veterinary care. To download the document go to:
Pet Advisory Committee www.london.gov.uk/archive/mayor/environment/animal_ No permission required welfare/docs/animal_welfare_framework.pdf
Some larger housing providers choose this method because Community days of high levels of housing stock and large numbers of requests for permission. Some smaller housing providers In association with the local authority (Dog Warden, also choose this approach because of the limited types of Environmental Health Services and Leisure Services), pet housing stock. To take this approach successfully, a housing education days could be hosted as part of your community provider must be clear on what animals can be kept as pets programme. These could offer subsidised neutering, and in what type of accommodation to avoid confusion microchipping and information on dog fouling and owners’ and disputes. It may be useful to set out a table of your responsibilities. These initiatives can benefit those who accommodation alongside the species and number of pets do not own pets as well as those who do. Animal welfare allowed in each type, see ‘Guidance for the number of charities are often happy to help at such events and may animals’ on page 8. provide some funding.
06 not all owners are gang members. Many just want a tough Unauthorised pets looking/acting dog as a status symbol, but in many cases they are not able to control their dog or take responsibility for Some owners will take on pets without seeking permission its welfare. and others will do so despite having been denied permission. To tackle this problem, the Metropolitan Police Authority You should put together a set of procedures for dealing has set up a dedicated ‘Status Dog Unit’ (SDU). The SDU with either an unauthorised pet or a complaint. These has championed partnership working in targeted boroughs should be distributed to those responsible for following in order to inform local communities about responsible dog up complaints, such as your housing/enforcement officer. ownership through enforcement by safer neighbourhood The procedures should also be included in full in your pet teams. The London Dangerous Dogs Forum (LDDF) has policy for all your residents and should be made available to also recently been set up to deal with issues in this area any resident being investigated. It may also be a good idea – members include the MPA, GLA, local authorities and to make it clear in this information that if eviction is the animal welfare groups. Other police authorities across the outcome of the investigation, you will not be responsible for UK have set up similar groups. rehousing residents and eviction details will be sent to other housing providers in the area. Housing providers can help by incorporating clear pet However, eviction should always policies in their tenancy agreements which state the owners’ be the last case scenario; instead, obligations. They should be enforced to give a clear sign to measures should be taken to all other residents that anti-social behaviour involving dogs assess and attempt to resolve each will not be tolerated. “Local authority housing providers and individual case. Sending a standard other landlords can play an important role in addressing anti- eviction notice to a resident that has an social behaviour in areas where they have jurisdiction. There are unauthorised pet is not the answer! First preventative steps that can be taken, including having a clear and follow the steps listed below. positive policy towards dogs with sanctions and consequences if a tenant fails to adhere.” DEFRA guidance – Dangerous Dogs n Always visit the resident to investigate an enquiry or Law – guidance for enforcers http://www.defra.gov.uk/ complaint. wildlife-pets/pets/cruelty/documents/dogs-guide- n Depending on your own waiting lists, if the pet is causing enforcers.pdf no immediate problem and is obviously a companion to a Where ‘Status Dogs’ are a particular issue, local authorities responsible owner, you may be able to put the resident and housing providers should be working to share on your transfer list to move them to what you consider information internally and to initiate multi-partnership more suitable accommodation. initiatives with agencies such as the police, animal welfare n If you decide the pet’s welfare is in question or it is charities and education and youth groups. causing unnecessary nuisance to neighbours, provide information on who to contact for advice; for example, a behaviour counsellor or vet. Animals suitable as n If the owner is not willing to fix the situation then advice on rehoming agencies should be given. It would be useful domestic pets to have a list of contacts that can be handed out for such occasions; where needed, you should help the owner Small animals, birds and fish rehome their pet. In these cases, contact the Local Authority Dog Warden Service for advice. Most housing providers feel that their tenants should be allowed n In extreme circumstances, where the previous avenues have failed, you may consider refusing residents any to keep these small pets in most further transfers or nominations before ultimately types of accommodation without resorting to eviction. Another option would be to refuse permission. This is normally to carry out any non-essential improvements to housing. because they expect these animals to cause few problems. However, n Send the tenant a letter from your solicitor confirming there is still their welfare, safety the situation and the likelihood of legal action if they do and noise to consider. Advice not comply with your requests. on the numbers allowed and n Finally, if all other avenues have been pursued, you will information on their welfare should www.petadvisory.org.uk have to consider taking legal action against the resident. be outlined: for example, indoor rabbits, maximum capacity of an aquarium and information on controlling breeding. For Status dogs more information, see ‘Animal care’ on page 9. Over the last few years, many housing professionals Cats and dogs (especially enforcement and anti-social behaviour officers) will have become aware of the increasing number of Most housing providers allow residents to keep cats and residents with aggressive dogs. The rise in the number of dogs in houses and maisonettes/flats which have their own potentially dangerous dogs, often referred to as ‘Status access and garden. There should be no restriction on the Dogs’, has been associated with the rise in gang culture. breed of dog (apart from those listed under the Dangerous Young gang members in predominantly urban areas are Dogs Act) but you should stipulate the numbers allowed increasingly using dogs as their new weapon of choice and, of either species, see ‘Guidance for the number of as a consequence of this learnt/forced aggression, their dogs animals’ on page 8. When putting together your policy become a danger to all, including other residents. However, you should also consider their welfare needs.
07 Cats and dogs in flats Guidance for the number PAC stresses that housing providers should be of animals flexible when drawing up their policies on pets in flats. Please bear in mind that cats and dogs are two of the most popular pets in the UK and often bring more Housing providers are often asked how many cats or dogs companionship and enable more social interaction should live in a particular home. There is no scientific than other pets. When making a decision about cats method of calculating this but animal welfare charities have and dogs in flats, you should consider the size of the years of experience with such issues. PAC (made up of accommodation, access, other tenants, safety issues and animal welfare and veterinary professionals) have drafted the proximity of exercise and toileting areas. You should guidelines (see below) that housing providers should insist that: consider for this purpose. Because of the differences in design and environment, there are no hard and fast rules n pet owners do not let their pets roam on communal concerning how many animals might be kept in any specific walkways home. Therefore these are only guidelines and we suggest n dogs are always kept on a lead when in communal that housing providers apply them to their properties to areas produce a practical guide. The guidelines below are only n pets are not allowed on landings or balconies without intended for use with dogs and cats. their owners n owners must not leave animal waste/cat toilets out on communal walkways
Residents do not necessarily need to have access to their own garden in order to keep a cat or a dog – many people with gardens exercise their dogs less than those without. However, a home without a private garden must have easy access to an appropriate area for the dog’s toilet requirements.
To enable dog owners who live in flats to take their dogs out to toilet without the need for a long walk, housing providers could consider setting up sanitary areas on and near housing estates. Access to these areas The guidelines are based on the fact that any particular is an important issue for large blocks of flats, particularly property can responsibly accommodate a given number those served by lifts. If the lifts are often and size of animals. The number of animals matters because out of service, you need to ensure that animals interact and this needs space. Their size is relevant dogs can still access these areas. In because every animal needs sufficient space to be able to lie this situation, it may be sensible comfortably in its own bed area. to restrict the size of dogs allowed to those that can cope In assessing a property for this calculation, the floor area with stairs or be carried easily. is considered to be the living room(s), kitchen and utility Stairs are awkward for dogs room. Bedrooms, hallways and bathrooms have been to negotiate and frequently excluded. The situation of a property is also relevant. In going up and down them general, a property with an enclosed garden is capable of can cause back problems providing a more suitable environment for dogs or cats than in larger breeds, breeds a property with no garden. Equally, a flat in a high rise block with long backs (such as is less suitable for large dogs who will find it difficult to Dachshunds) and some access the property, particularly via the stairs. others, such as Mastiffs and English Bull Terriers. The guidance suggested is: n If the property has a garden, add 10 m2 Pet Advisory Committee Assistance dogs – such as guide dogs for blind people, n hearing dogs for deaf people or dogs for disabled people – If the property is above the fifth floor and dogs are 2 must always be permitted. The Disability Discrimination Act to be allowed, deduct 10 m 2005 (DDA) prohibits anyone renting or selling a property n The total number of animals allowed is 1 kg per from discriminating against a disabled person: this includes square metre (m2) living space as defined above, or discriminating against a person with an assistance dog. one animal per 15 m2, whichever is less. Example calculation: Be specific on what pets you do and do not allow; many Living room 4.5 m x 4.8 m = 21.6 m2 housing providers put ‘any animal deemed suitable for your Kitchen 3.0 m x 3.6 m = 10.8 m2 property’ which can be confusing and misleading. What you regard as suitable may be very different from what Utility room 3.0 m x 1.8 m = 5.4 m2 the pet owner thinks is suitable. For example, the SSPCA Garden add 10 m2 discovered an alligator living in the bath of a 15th floor flat! Total 47.8 m2
08 The property would therefore be able to support 47.8/15 Neutering = 3 animals or 47.8 kg of animal. This would equate to two medium sized dogs or three cats. A similar low rise flat Neutering is important both to keep the animal healthy would support one larger dog or two cats and a high rise and to prevent the pet population spiralling out of control. flat two cats or one smaller dog. Dogs, cats and rabbits are all routinely neutered. Many charities provide subsidised neutering services for those on state benefits. Ideally all tenants should have their animals Examples of dog breeds and weights neutered. Advice on neutering can be obtained from a Giant breeds (50-90kg) veterinary surgeon or animal welfare organisations. Breeds in this group include Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound, St Bernard and Mastiff. Veterinary healthcare Large breeds (30-50kg) All owners have a responsibility to prevent their animals Breeds in this group include Golden Retriever, from fouling the land. Dog fouling is illegal under the Clean Labrador and German Shepherd Dogs. Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 and local authorities are responsible for enforcement. Clearly this is Medium-sized breeds (10-30kg) particularly important where homes have communal access. Breeds in this group include Collie, Whippet and Lurcher. Proper systems for removal of faeces, as well as disease Small-sized breeds (less than 10kg) control, are therefore central to maintaining public health. Breed in this group include Yorkshire Terrier, Zoonoses can be largely controlled by proper animal Jack Russell and Chihuahua. healthcare. Prompt veterinary treatment of any disease, Cats particularly gastro-intestinal (with symptoms such as diarrhoea and vomiting), is essential and should be a Weights range between 3 and 6kg. condition for keeping an animal. In addition, preventive healthcare is important for animals and should be based on routine treatments.
Animal care Dogs
Providing good welfare conditions for animals clearly Dogs are the most common type of pet in the UK. involves looking after their health and this applies as much They are social animals that require a lot of company to reptiles as it does to dogs or cats. Caged animals live in a and exercise. Many dogs suffer from separation related totally controlled environment, but animals allowed access behaviour (SRB) when they are left on their own. This to public areas present wider challenges. There may also can cause a public nuisance as they will bark continuously be some diseases that affect human health; diseases like when left alone. It is therefore reasonable to look for some these that can be transmitted between animals and man are assurance that a dog will not be left on its own all day while known as zoonoses. the owners are out. Although dogs need their own allocated space, they only Identification need a bed area large enough to allow them to lie flat on their side: the best place for this is likely to be the Housing providers kitchen, utility room or hallway. While size does matter, should be able to however, even giant breeds (such as Great Danes) can be identify any pets kept by kept successfully in small homes as long as they are looked their residents. This will help them ensure after properly. In the same way, even small dogs can cause that owners take responsibility for their animals’ actions, problems in large homes if they are not cared for. particularly where owners are legally bound to do so (for example, with dogs). Although the Control of Dogs Order Exercise is important and achieves three 1992 requires dogs to wear a collar bearing the owner’s functions for a dog. First, it allows the dog name and address, the legislation is poorly enforced and to keep physically fit. Second, it is very collars may be easily lost. There have also been a large important in providing a dog with www.petadvisory.org.uk number of reports of cats getting caught up by their collars, environmental enrichment – a causing them severe injury and even death. walk through a park to sniff at the smells is a real mental Although not a legal requirement, permanent identification stimulant for a has none of these disadvantages. There are currently dog. Third, the two options: microchip and tattoo. The microchip can be dog can toilet used in all but the smallest species (including birds and during exercise reptiles) while a tattoo is suitable only for dogs, some periods: it is this cats and other larger animals. In both cases, the keeper’s which is likely name and address is held on a central database. Permanent to cause public identification should be a requirement for all animals that nuisance. are large enough. See page 19 on Dogs Trust’s compulsory microchipping campaign.
09 Cats Birds
Cats are the second most common pet in the UK and A huge range of birds they require less living space than dogs. They are more are kept as pets. These independent and less reliant on their owners. This can vary from small finches cause problems for local authorities and other housing weighing a few grams providers in terms of owned cats straying, spraying, soiling to parrots weighing and producing unplanned litters. However, with several hundred grams proper planning and an insistence on and with a wingspan responsible pet ownership, these issues over 300mm. can be overcome. It is illegal to keep Although cats need a safe domestic area a bird in a cage in where they feel comfortable, they are which it cannot fully usually happiest roaming around freely. However, stretch its wings in some people choose to keep cats indoors because of every direction. It safety, illness or age; cats kept in flats above ground level is unreasonable to need to be kept indoors and provision made for their keep a bird in such a safety. As part of their natural behaviour, cats will scratch restricted environment and claw; this may cause damage to property. This problem except on a temporary basis. Where more than one can be resolved easily by insisting as part of the tenancy bird is kept in one enclosure it is essential that there is agreement that residents provide a suitable facility, such enough space for all birds to perch at the same time. Birds’ as a scratching post. Indoor cats in particular need mental environments can also be enriched by placing objects, such and physical stimulation and may settle better in pairs. as toys and mirrors, in their cages. However, as with dogs, the company of another cat is no substitute for the company of people. When deciding Further advice on keeping specific types of birds can be on how many cats should be kept in a home, factors to obtained from specialist groups and specialist vets, who be considered include; the size of the accommodation, can be located either by contacting your local veterinary whether it comes with a garden (either private or surgeon or the British Small Animal Veterinary Association communal) and whether the accommodation has a balcony (see the contacts directory for details). and, if so, whether or not the balcony is safe and secure. Fish
From a housing provider’s point of view, fish are probably the most trouble-free pet. There are a huge variety of available species. The only issue relevant to housing is the volume of water required to provide enough space for large species or large numbers of small species. Even the smallest aquarium should contain no less than 30 to 40 litres of water and is therefore relatively heavy: 1 litre of water weighs approximately 1kg. Therefore, very large aquaria will weigh even more and so housing providers may wish to limit their size. For further information on the keeping of fish, contact the OATA, see the contacts directory on page 28.
Rabbits
The common perception of rabbits as a cheap, easy to maintain children’s pet could not be further from the truth. Pet Advisory Committee Rabbits are highly social animals that require careful feeding and care to live a full and healthy life. Whether or not they have outdoor access, all cats need a Neutering is recommended to litter tray (at least one per cat) and should be encouraged prevent inadvertent breeding to use it to minimise the problems of cat fouling in other and fighting. people’s gardens and window boxes. Housing providers There are two main ways should insist that all cats – male and female – are neutered. to keep rabbits properly. This will eliminate sexually-related behaviour problems, First, they may live in such as roaming and caterwauling by females when in small neutered groups in season. Microchipping should also be encouraged to a hutch with an attached identify straying cats so that they can be quickly re-united exercise area. with the owner.
10 Second, rabbits can also be kept as house pets. They can be stick insects, giant African land snails or spiders. Reptiles, easily trained to use a litter tray and, like dogs and cats, can amphibians and invertebrates can provide a fascinating have free run in the home. It is acceptable to have just one hobby while also providing much of the companionship rabbit in situations where they will enjoy a lot of contact normally associated with rabbits, cats and dogs. If cared with humans, but it is preferable to have a second rabbit for well, many of these species can live a long time: some to keep them company. Rabbits are, however, prone to species of spiders and lizards, such as iguanas, can live for chewing inanimate objects to control tooth growth; electric 15 years or more. cables are therefore a significant risk and fixtures and fittings will also need some protection.
Further information on keeping rabbits can be obtained from the Rabbit Welfare Association. See also the Pet Advisory Committee: Rabbits Report, 2005 (available from petadvisory.org.uk).
Domestic rodents
The most commonly kept of the domesticated rodents are hamsters, mice, gerbils, rats and guinea pigs. All can be kept indoors (although, space permitting, guinea pigs are best kept outdoors).
Domestic rodents do not need much living space but their accommodation, whether a cage or a stacked housing system, should be the right size for the species and numbers kept. The animals need to have appropriate outlets for physical and mental stimulation, such as digging and nest building; a running wheel alone is not enough. The accommodation should also be well-maintained and always hygienic. As with fish, birds and domestic rodents, this group includes a wide variety of species, each with its own particular needs. This makes it impossible to provide detailed guidelines. In general, the environment in which any animal is kept should be designed and constructed by someone with knowledge of their natural behaviour. This is as true for spiders as it is for dogs.
Many exotic animals and reptiles (such as iguanas, lizards, snakes, terrapins, snails and spiders) naturally carry bacteria and diseases that are transmissible and harmful to man. These can include salmonella, cryptosporidium, e.coli 157, campylobacter and meningitis.
Many owners do not know enough about exotic animals and so cannot care for them properly: as a result, most only live a few months, instead of several years (Mader, 2002; Chitty, 2005). Further advice on the keeping of such species can be obtained from specialist groups and specialist exotic vets, who can be located either by contacting your local vet or the British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Equines www.petadvisory.org.uk
Depending on their size, all horses, ponies and donkeys require at least one to two acres of grassland to graze upon each. More space is also needed if they are not ridden or regularly exercised away from their home premises. They Reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates also need constant access to a roofed shelter.
Reptiles have long been kept as pets, particularly tortoises As most housing providers will be unable to offer residents and terrapins. In recent years there has been increasing this kind of space and because of their needs in general, interest in various snakes and lizards. Some of these, like housing providers should not allow residents to keep geckos, are small but others, such as some iguanas, can equines as pets. For further information, please contact grow up to two metres in size. Many people also enjoy the National Equine Welfare Council (see NEWC in the keeping amphibian animals and invertebrates, whether frogs, contacts directory).
11 after a dog is an offence subject to a level 3 fine. Many local Enforcing your pet policy authority environmental health departments now employ enforcement officers to issue on-the-spot penalty notices Housing providers should enforce their pet policy to deal with fouling as part of a larger issue to tackle anti- themselves and through other agencies with the necessary social behaviour. legal powers. Irresponsible owners who disregard pet policies should be held accountable for their actions. When Housing providers should consider the following when pets cause a nuisance, housing providers often respond by dealing with dog fouling. removing the pet rather than dealing with the real cause: the n irresponsibility of the owner. Link up with the local authorities: if you are a local authority, consider interdepartmental working groups. It is a good idea to compile a list to help you manage n Make sure visible signs about penalties for fouling exist common pet-related issues. This list should include in problem areas, such as parks, land near housing enforcement agencies, such as the police, the environmental estates and popular footpaths. health department and the dog warden. The Chartered Institute of Housing provides details within their practice n Ensure information regarding fouling and new online resource at www.cih.org/practice/online. Also see enforcement polices and fines are regularly sent to pet ‘Common pet management issues’, ‘Animals and owners and residents as part of other mailing initiatives. the law’ and 'Unauthorised pets' in this booklet for further advice. n Highlight the health risks (toxocara) associated with dog faeces. Mediation or arbitration services, rather than legal action, can also be used to deal with ongoing pet-related disputes n Make sure areas out of bounds to dogs are clearly or anti-social behaviour. If you do not have a contract with marked. an arbitration or mediation service, you can always use n Provide dog exercise areas that are out of bounds to commercial arbitrators (see the contacts directory for others; provide enough disposal bins in these areas that full details). are regularly emptied. Persistent nuisance caused by pets can, in certain n If owners refuse to clean up after their animals then you circumstances, be classed as anti-social behaviour, especially must enforce – and be seen to enforce – strict penalties: if the owner is also causing other anti-social behaviour. for example, in resident If you are a registered social landlord or local authority newsletters and on websites you will already have a policy on dealing with anti-social you could name and shame behaviour and procedures for issuing anti-social behaviour those fined or served fixed orders and contracts. Other housing providers should penalty notices. contact their local authority for further advice. n Make sure all staff know about If the matter remains unresolved and the behaviour of the enforcement procedures and owner does not change despite interaction through one or who to contact with complaints more of the above recommendations, legal action should be from staff or residents on this pursued through breach of the tenancy agreement. issue.
n Stray dogs are often culprits so Common pet management should be reported to the dog issues warden immediately. n Use CCTV to gather evidence.
Dog fouling Cat fouling This is a problem most housing providers have to deal Cat fouling represents another issue that requires attention with and is one of the main reasons why many housing from local authorities and housing providers. However, Pet Advisory Committee providers are reluctant to extend there is no specific legislation that relates to fouling by cats. their pet polices to dogs in Although cats tend not to foul public areas as dogs do, they flats. However, many local do foul in private gardens, which can cause as much of a authorities and housing problem to other residents. Owners should provide proper providers are now facilities, such as a regularly cleaned litter tray for their cat. tackling this problem head on by working Local authorities and housing providers should consider the together through following measures: education, awareness and enforcement n Highlight the health risks associated with cat fouling. campaigns. Under the n If owners refuse to clean up after their animals, you Clean Neighbourhoods need to enforce – and be seen to enforce – the rules and Environment Act and apply the stated penalties. 2005, failure to clean up
12 n Ensure all staff know about the enforcement procedures Abandonment / neglect and who to contact with complaints from staff/residents on this issue. Any member of staff or resident n Tell residents how to discourage cats from toileting who suspects that on their properties: Cats Protection (see the contacts an animal has been directory) have fact sheets that include the following abandoned or suggestions: neglected should n eliminate food sources contact the local authority dog n install electronic motion sensors that emit a high- warden. They pitched sound audible only to cats will make initial n install an automatic garden spray enquires and may suggest rehoming; in some cases they will refer the matter n build a high, close-boarded fence next to a hedge, making it difficult for cats to visit to the RSPCA. Under recent animal welfare legislation it is an offence to cruelly abandon any animal, either temporarily n cultivate shrubs closely to prevent cats from finding or permanently, or to cause any unnecessary suffering to a place to dig and cover the ground using stone any domestic or captive animal, see ‘Animals and the chippings, pebbles or small rocks law’ on page 14 for more information. n Use CCTV to gather evidence where possible Damage to property Noise Damage to property should be rare as long as pets are Residents should be told how to avoid common noise cared for responsibly (as specified in your pet policy) and disturbances from pets (such as barking): this is available owners do not keep inappropriate pets. Just as a tenant is from animal welfare liable for other damage, however, your policy should make organisations. Residents it clear that they are also liable for any damage caused on low incomes may also by their pets. Any reports of damage should always be qualify for help from investigated as it may be a result of a pet being neglected by some animal welfare being left alone for long periods of time. charities that provide subsidised veterinary care, behaviour advice and information on local training classes. Persistent offenders should be referred to the local authority environmental health department, which has a legal duty to investigate complaints. The housing manager should liaise with the department.
Roaming / straying animals
Stray dogs and other animals can be a danger to members of the public and are often responsible for persistent Never allow animals to be tethered on residential fouling. Housing staff should deal directly with the property: it can lead to injury and even death. local authority dog warden service, which has a legal Tethered animals can also be a danger to the public www.petadvisory.org.uk responsibility under the Environmental Protection Act as they can become stressed and even aggressive. 1990 (section 149) to collect and detain stray dogs. Under Animals that are tethered are often isolated from the Animals Act 1971, dog wardens can also impound both human and animal company, do not receive any livestock that has strayed onto council land and adequate exercise and, if approached by predators, can impound other animals. Registration and neutering are unable to escape. initiatives can greatly reduce this problem. See the Protection Against Cruel Tethering Act 1988 However, animals more often stray or roam because of in relation to horses under ‘Animals and the law’ changed circumstances that mean that their owner can no on page 14. Although it is not a specific offence to longer cope with them. Any potential cases of neglect or tether other animals, such as dogs, under the Animal cruelty to animals should always be investigated. Welfare Act 2006, it is likely to be mentioned in the code of guidance.
13 Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 Housing legislation This Act promotes public safety by regulating how and advice dangerous wild animals are kept by individuals. The Act contains a schedule of animals such as monkeys, venomous Please refer to the following codes of guidance and the snakes and crocodiles that are considered dangerous and so OFT link for references to pets and housing: require a licence from the local authority. The Act does not apply to any dangerous wild animals kept in a zoo, circus, Code of Guidance on Homelessness (May 2005) – pet shop or registered scientific establishment, largely Guidance from the Scottish Executive because of other licensing requirements for these locations. www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/53814/0012265.pdf *The Breeding of Dogs Act 1973, The Breeding of Office of Fair Trading’s Guidance on Unfair Terms in Tenancy Agreements (September 2005) Dogs Act 199I and the Breeding and Sale of Dogs www.oft.gov.uk/shared_oft/reports/unfair_contract_terms/ (Welfare) Act 1999 oft356.pdf Under the 1973 Act (as amended by the 1999 Act), anyone Homelessness Code of Guidance for Local who breeds and sells dogs as a business (more than four Authorities (2006) – Guidance from the DCLG litters a year) requires a licence from the local authority. www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/152056.pdf Local authorities have extensive powers to check on the standards of health, welfare and accommodation of the Code of Guidance for Local Authorities on Allocation animals and are responsible for enforcing the requirements of Accommodation and Homelessness (April 2003) – of the Act. The Breeding of Dogs Act 1991 extends their Guidance from the Welsh Assembly powers to obtain a warrant to enter any premises, excluding wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/030401housinghomele a private home, which is believed to house a dog breeding sscodeen.pdf business. Although private homes are excluded from the Act, garages, outhouses or other structures are not (S.1(3)).
Animals and the law *Protection Against Cruel Tethering Act 1988 Under this Act it is an offence to tether any horse, ass or Protection of animals mule under such conditions or in such a manner as to cause that animal unnecessary suffering. Animal Welfare Act 2006 See Environmental Protection Act 1990 (section 70 and 150) for further legislation relating to the protection of animals.
Control of dogs
Control of Dogs Order 1992 This requires every dog in public to wear a collar bearing the name and address of its owner inscribed on it or on a disc attached to it. It is not sufficient that a dog has been microchipped or tattooed: if it is not wearing a collar when out in public, the dog may be seized by the local authority and treated as a stray. In addition, the owner, and any person responsible for taking it out in public without a collar, will each be guilty of an offence and may be prosecuted and fined up to a level five penalty. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 (S. 151) places the duty
Pet Advisory Committee to enforce this requirement on local authorities. The Animal Welfare Act increases penalties for those who inflict serious cruelty on animals and also introduces a welfare offence. This places a 'duty of care' on pet owners to provide for their animal's basic needs, such as adequate food and water, veterinary treatment and a suitable living environment. The new offence means that animals do not have to suffer for owners to be prosecuted. Secondary legislation under the Act will eventually replace existing Acts, which will be repealed (these are marked below *).
Animal Health and Welfare Act (Scotland) 2006
This is a similar piece of legislation to the Animal Welfare Act but has different enforcing duties.
14 Road Traffic Act 1988 Environmental Protection Act 1990
Under this Act, it is an offence to have a dog on a Section 149: seizure of stray dogs. This gives authorised designated road without it being held on a lead. council officers the power to seize and detain any dog it believes to be a stray. If the dog is not collected by the Guard Dogs Act 1975 owner within seven days, ownership transfers to the local authority, which may rehome, sell, or humanely destroy it. It is an offence to use or permit the use of a guard dog on The owner is liable to pay for all expenses incurred because any premises unless the handler is capable of controlling it, of the dog’s detention. is present on the premises and has control of the dog at all times, except when the dog is secured. A warning that a guard dog is present must be clearly exhibited at each entrance to the premises. The Act also specifies controls and regulations for the keeping of guard dogs.
Dogs Act 1871
Under this Act, if a court has received a complaint, it may decide that a dog is dangerous and not kept under proper control and will then order the owner to resolve the situation or have it destroyed. There are times when the early use of this Act will prevent serious injury to humans.
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 The Act has two main sections:
Section 1 makes it an offence to keep specific breeds of dogs. These breeds include Pit Bulls, Japanese Tosas, Dogos Argentinos and Filas Brazileiros. Owners of these breeds have to comply with certain legal requirements, including having their dog registered, neutered, microchipped and tattooed. It is an offence to sell, breed, or exchange any of those breeds or allow them to be out of control. One of the main problems with this law is that the pit bull terrier is not a recognised breed in the UK. As a result, many owners of cross breeds which resemble a pit bull terrier ‘type’ have been charged under the Act. Section 150: delivery of stray dog to the local Of more relevance to dog owners in general is authority. A member of the public who finds a stray dog Section 3 of the Act. This applies to all dogs and makes must return it to the owner or take it to the local authority it a criminal offence to allow a dog to be dangerously out for the area in which the dog was found. No other stray of control in a public place. This includes instances where animal has the equivalent legal status to dogs. If any other there is simply fear that an injury might occur. Owners kind of animal is picked up, its details should be recorded found guilty under either section of the Act face up to six and a relevant animal welfare agency contacted. months in prison, destruction of their dog and/or a fine of up to £5,000. Section 70 of this Act also states that it is an offence to keep any animal in a place or a manner that is prejudicial to health, causes a nuisance or emits noise from a building that causes a nuisance. The civil law of nuisance covers keeping any animal in circumstances that cause a substantial
discomfort or annoyance either to the general public or www.petadvisory.org.uk a particular person. Examples of such behaviour include excessive barking, a large number of dogs running loose or keeping an excessive number of cats.
Dogs and other animals / control
Animals Act 1971
Under this Act, owners of animals and those in control of them have a duty to take reasonable care to ensure that their animals do not cause injury or damage. The owner can be liable for any damage caused; for example, damage to livestock because of dog attacks.
15 Responsible ownership Litter (Animal Droppings) Order 1991 of the Environmental Protection Act (1990) Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 This places a duty on local authorities to keep designated areas clear of dog faeces. This applies only to England, This Act replaces the Dogs (Fouling of Land) Act 1996 and Scotland and Wales. For Northern Ireland, the Litter Order local dog bye-laws with a new arrangement. This allows 1994 gives local authorities a duty to keep land or roads local authorities to tackle dog fouling, ban dogs from clear of litter and refuge (which includes dog faeces). designated areas, require them to be kept on a lead and restrict the number that can be walked by one person. The Bye-laws Act also gives local authorities sole responsibility for strays (this was previously shared with the police). Certain Acts of Parliament (such as the Local Government Act 1972, Public Health Act 1875 and the Open Spaces Act 1906) give local authorities the power to make bye-laws, which create criminal offences for certain acts carried out locally. Local authorities can make bye-laws on specified land which can require people to keep their dog on a lead at all times or if so directed, can ban dogs from areas completely.
Local dog control orders can also be introduced through the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005. These can, for example, require people to clear up after their dogs, or exclude dogs from specific areas. For further information see link www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/local/ legislation/cnea/documents/dogcontrol-orders.pdf
Older people and sheltered accommodation
As described previously, pet ownership can bring many health and social benefits, particularly to older people, see ‘The benefits that pets bring people’ on page 4. An increasing number of older people also participate in Litter Northern Ireland Order 1994 animal-assisted therapy and activity programmes in which pets and their owners visit people in their own homes. It is an offence to deposit and leave dog faeces on publicly These activities are very often incorporated into therapeutic accessible land and offences carry a penalty of £500. programmes overseen by health care professionals with Under Section 4, authorised persons have the right to measurable outcomes and benefits. demand the name and address of offenders. A fixed penalty of £10 applies. Unfortunately, much sheltered accommodation operates a no-pets policy, forcing many older people to give up Pet Advisory Committee Civic Government Scotland Act 1982 their pets when they move in. Research for the Joseph (section 48) Rowntree Foundation (1993) found that very few managers were aware of the therapeutic and social role of pets, or It is an offence to allow a dog to foul local authority land, had considered the impact of pet loss. A study by Anchor such as a footpath or maintained recreational area. The Housing Trust (1998) showed that around 140,000 pets offence carries a fine of up to £500. were given up every year by older adults when they had to move into sheltered housing or care homes; of these Dog Fouling (Scotland Act) 2003 animals, 38,000 were put down as a result. There is also anecdotal evidence of older people refusing to move into It is an offence to let a dog foul on any public land. The sheltered accommodation because they could not take their Act allows local authorities and the police to issue fixed pet. This damages their health and welfare and may increase penalty notices from £40 to £60 instead of going through the load on social care and medical services. It also raises an the courts. animal welfare issue.
16 When adopting a positive pet policy in a sheltered accommodation complex, housing providers need to Homeless pet owners and consider many issues regarding animal welfare that are hostels the same whatever the age of the owner: the suitability of the home for different types of pet, what kind of animal is best suited to the owner, animal welfare and As with other owners, the stability, routine, love, responsible ownership. In addition, there are other responsibility and companionship brought about from factors that are particularly important for older pet looking after a pet benefits homeless people both owners, such as the changes that accompany ageing, psychologically and physically. However, they develop an especially deteriorating health. especially close bond with their pet (most often a dog) because of their situation – their pet is often the only constant companion they have. The Anchor Housing Trust (1998) found that nearly 25% of people applying for their Because of this close bond, few homeless pet owners will accommodation are pet owners and more give up their pet to access accommodation. In response, than 75% of older pet owners say being more and more providers of hostel-type accommodation allowed to have a pet is the most important are adopting a positive pet policy so that they can accept factor in choosing which home to move to. It clients with pets. Hostels and similar establishments can is increasingly recognised that growing older easily adapt to pets with little more than a pet policy, some should not be about what can no longer be guidelines for clients and a few practical changes. done, but what enjoyable and fulfilling pastimes can still be done. For many owners, pets are Dogs Trust has put together a ‘Welcoming Dogs’ booklet one of their central lifestyle choices. Evidence which gives advice and guidelines to hostels, day centres shows that an older person can successfully and shelters to encourage them to accept clients with dogs. choose to become or remain a pet owner when For a copy of this booklet and for further information email moving into sheltered accommodation in all [email protected] or go to but the most extreme of circumstances. Even www.dogstrusthopeproject.org.uk. then, contact with animals can often be made through visiting pet programmes.
A publication by the Society for Companion Animal Studies provides substantial further information on pets and the elderly (Dono & Ormerod, 2005). Age Concern have also put together a guide, ‘Keeping pets in private retirement and sheltered housing – A Good Practice Guide’ (Age Concern, 2006). www.petadvisory.org.uk
17 registered on a borough-wide database. Dog owners living Case studies of effective in the borough are being offered free chipping at specially working practice organised events. Details of the tenant’s responsibilities towards ownership of their dog, including compulsory microchipping, are included in the council’s lease and Case study 1 tenancy conditions. So, if a resident fails to get their dog chipped they will be in breach of their tenancy or lease agreement and enforcement action can be taken by the housing department.
The council hopes that by making microchipping compulsory, it will reduce incidents of dog nuisance, dog attacks, dog fights and reduce the number of strays in the borough. In general, it will show residents that Wandsworth is determined to tackle issues in this area and to ensure residents take responsibility for all aspects of their dogs’ care.
Mark Callis, head of the dog control unit, said: “The plan Wandsworth Borough Council – Initiatives to enforce microchipping has made the prospect of dog to tackle irresponsible dog ownership ownership a serious and long-term commitment for people living in Wandsworth, and particularly on our housing estates. Those that view dogs as mere fashion accessories, Wandsworth Council leads the way in its approach or even as weapons, will be discouraged from taking up to promoting responsible dog ownership. Their ownership and those that do shirk their responsibilities are dog control unit is one of the largest and most now easily traced.” groundbreaking in the country. The unit is run by Mark Callis and is made up of a further six uniformed A number of the Wandsworth residents who have come Dog Control officers. These officers patrol all areas of forward to have their dogs microchipped and registered the borough, including estates, during the day, evening have previously been offenders to some of the fouling and weekends. They have the power to prosecute dog legislation that they enforce. Also, owners who have proven owners who allow their dogs to go into “no dog areas” to be problematic in the past are now trying to become or foul the estate, or who do not keep their dogs under more responsible dog owners by embracing this new proper control. In addition, they work with other internal departments and outside agencies to develop initiatives to tackle irresponsible dog ownership.
Using legislation to enforce responsible dog ownership
Borough-wide dog control orders brought in under the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 ensure all dog owners behave responsibility wherever they are in the borough. These orders are in addition to the many bye-laws regarding dog ownership that the dog control unit enforces. The orders were introduced in response to increased public concern about the irresponsible behaviour of some dog owners in the area and the increasing number of dog attacks. The council has produced a very comprehensive leaflet on the control of dogs on housing estates which outlines the bye-laws in detail.
Pet Advisory Committee All enforcement action taken by the dog control unit is reported to the Housing Department. In some cases the council has no alternative than to utilise Acceptable Behaviour Contracts and Anti-social Behaviour Orders or to take action under the tenancy agreement to deal with individuals responsible for anti-social behaviour involving dogs.
Compulsory Dog Microchipping Scheme
Wandworth Council has become the first local authority in the country to enforce compulsory microchipping. Since the 1st of January 2009, all residents living in council managed properties need to have their dog microchipped and
18 scheme. The council has been able to complete some of their investigations into anti-social behaviour by identifying Dogs Trust – Compulsory certain dogs and owners at microchipping events. They have Microchipping Campaign also noticed a drop in complaints of dog on dog attacks on estates, although sadly they have had an increase of this type Dogs Trust estimates that just of complaint in their parks and open spaces. a third of dogs are currently microchipped and wants to see Due to the success of this scheme, two other councils local the Control of Dogs Order to Wandsworth are currently considering a compulsory amended to make microchipping compulsory alongside microchipping scheme. Wandsworth has also been the current law stating all dogs must wear a collar approached by some of the local RSL’s (Registered Social and tag. In the meantime, as part of their compulsory Landlords) to assist in a similar capacity for their tenants. microchipping campaign, they are writing to all UK local authorities to encourage them to make Partnership working micro-chipping a condition of keeping a dog in social Wandsworth Council promotes close interdepartmental housing. If local authorities were able to help in this and multi-agency working to ensure issues regarding dog way, they believe it would have a major impact on ownership, and in particular dangerous dogs, are tackled promoting responsible dog ownership as well as from all sides. This group, involving the Parks Police Dog saving local authorities many thousands of pounds in Section, Housing Department, Safer Neighbourhoods Teams kennelling fees for unclaimed dogs. Dogs Trust firmly and the Youth Offending Team, have put together a Dog believes the most effective way of reducing stray dog Control Action Plan or ‘Toolkit’ as a guide to tackling anti- numbers in the long-term is through microchipping, social behaviour in this area. Their work includes promoting alongside education and neutering. responsible dog ownership in schools, running training Dogs Trust is eager to work with local authorities and courses for young people living on the estates who own housing providers to encourage more responsibility dogs, as well as being involved in several working groups, amongst dog owners. They are therefore offering up to including the Dangerous Dogs Act Study Group (DDASG). 400 FREE microchips to every UK local authority and As a result of this work, the council has won several awards. their housing providers that set up a compulsory Mr Callis said, “We are trying to change the behaviour micro-chipping scheme for dogs owned by their social of people who get a dog and then do not look after it housing tenants. They would also arrange for the properly. Teaching residents the skills required to care council to buy any further microchips for just £2.95 for their dogs and opening their eyes to the level of work (including registration) + VAT. Furthermore, they would involved is key to be happy to meet with any local authority who would reducing the number like advice on implementing such a scheme. Should of dangerous dogs on microchipping become compulsory, then Dogs Trust the streets. Invariably will be ready to support and advise housing providers. it is the dogs that are For further information email neglected or abused [email protected] by their owners that end up causing problems. In order Case study 2 to help tackle these issues we are linking with the Kennel Club to bring the Good Citizens Dog Scheme to the majority of dog owners in the Hanover Housing – Positive Pet Policies in borough, to at least Retirement Housing the bronze level.”
If you would like The Hanover Group is one of the largest specialist www.petadvisory.org.uk further information providers of retirement housing, related support and on the work of the services in England. Hanover actively welcomes pets to dog control unit and its estates. In fact, being pet-friendly is one of their selling the responsible dog points - estate managers are encouraged to highlight their ownership initiatives policy to potential residents. Hanover manages 19,000 mentioned above, properties for sale and for rent on more than 600 estates, in please call Mark Callis 175 local authority areas – making them one of the largest on 0208 8717132 specialist providers of retirement housing in England. It is or email MCallis@ very rare that they will turn away a pet, but all residents and wandsworth.gov.uk. prospective residents must seek written permission from their estate manager. Their policy is based on responsible pet ownership and they ask residents that:
19 n dogs are walked away from the estate Case Study 3 n the resident does not allow the pet to wander corridors or hallways Wrexham Council working alongside Dogs n cats are given access to the outside and/or are provided Trust to promote responsible dog ownership with a litter tray to tenants. n the pet is house-trained Voluntary ‘responsible They also encourage residents to complete a ‘pet care dog owner’ agreements request form’ which gives information about another person willing to take care of the pet in the event of hospital During 2009, Wrexham admission or inability to look after the pet. But Hanover Council worked with Dogs also encourages its staff to be pro-active about contacting Trust, the UK’s largest dog organisations like the Cinnamon Trust for advice. Some of welfare charity, to promote their estate managers also have a relationship with a local responsible dog ownership 'Pets as Therapy' group, which will bring animals into the to their tenants by setting up scheme for visits. a voluntary responsible dog owner agreement. Hanover’s policy has been in place for almost 10 years and was prompted by Storrington estate manager Val This is an exciting initiative and a good example of where a Harber. At the time, they did not allow residents to local authority has joined forces with an expert organisation ‘replace’ pets when they died – Val thought this blanket to maximise interest in what is a very important issue. policy was unfair and that it did not recognise the The voluntary ‘responsible dog owner’ agreement, which is attachment that some residents have to their pets. She offered to all new and existing tenants, includes clauses on worked hard to convince others that a responsible pet not allowing their dogs to cause nuisance, such as fouling ownership approach made sense for residents and for and barking. It also makes owners aware of the Welsh Hanover – which it absolutely does. Assembly’s code of practice for dogs.
As part of the agreement, dog owners are eligible to access free microchipping, which is paid for by Wrexham council, and a £30 neutering offer, which is being funded by Dogs Trust. Microchipping is carried out by the council’s dog wardens and by Dogs Trust staff at local events. Neutering is carried out through a subsidised agreement with participating local veterinary practices. With 23% of UK households now owning a dog (PFMA 2009), this scheme could potentially help up to 3,220 of Wrexham’s 14,000 tenants.
In 2008, Michael was diagnosed with Guillian Barre - an Helen Cooke, Senior Environmental Health illness which affects the central nervous system – and Officer, comments on the scheme below: needed significant care and support. “I have been responsible for the Dog Warden Service in Michael and his wife Mercia asked their local authority Wrexham for five years, and it has always been a major to find them more suitable accommodation. The couple concern of mine that no matter what schemes we have tried were invited to view Waverley Court, Hanover’s in the past, our stray dog figures each year are in excess newest extra care housing development built in of 600. In discussions with the Dogs Trust's Sian Edwards, partnership with North Somerset County Council. The we decided that a partnership approach, promoting a dog couple fell in love with the impressive development as it neutering and microchipping programme, should help met all of Michael’s needs – and it also welcomed pets. reduce the numbers of strays. Partners involved include; Dogs Trust, Wrexham's Housing & Public Protection Pet Advisory Committee Michael and Mercia had recently given a new home Service, Communities First, North Wales Police, voluntary to Spugghi, an Abyssinian red cat, after he was found and charity groups and local kennels, who all received taking a dip in the couple’s swimming pool. Although training from Dogs Trust.” Abyssinian cats are natural swimmers Spugghi was in a very distressed state. But after a trip to the vet and Dogs Trust runs neutering and microchipping campaigns adoration from his new owners he made a full recovery. in areas where there are a high number of reported stray and abandoned dogs - North East and West, Wales and Since moving to Waverley court in November 2008 Northern Ireland. They work closely with local authorities, Spugghi has been admired by many on the estate. vets and other animal welfare charities in these areas to Estate Manager Tracey Denley says, ‘There is a variety create effective initiatives to tackle this ongoing problem. of pets at Waverley Court and residents are very fond of them – they have given great joy and companionship This initiative was promoted to residents through to all of us.’ the council’s newsletter and to staff through training workshops delivered by Dogs Trust.
20 The workshop sessions were attended by public facing staff, which included staff from the council’s enforcement, housing, community and public relations teams. The aim of this training was to ensure employees were aware of the key responsible dog ownership messages, how this scheme would be delivered and the main internal and external contacts involved.
Sian Edwards, Dogs Trust Campaign Manager in www.petadvisory.org.uk Wales, comments:
“This scheme is a great example of where local authority departments can work together to tackle an issue that affects them all. The training we deliver emphasises this as well as giving us the opportunity to talk about our work in the local area. We expect the take-up of this scheme to be successful as our messages regarding neutering, microchipping and responsible dog ownership are steadily being recognised within the community.”
Wrexham Council was also awarded the RSPCA Footprint award in 2008 for their work with stray dogs.
21 Draft pet policy Policy Comments
XX accepts that keeping pets offers significant XX is used throughout this section of the document benefits to their owners and therefore encourages to refer to the name of the housing provider. It is it. However, irresponsible ownership can also important to point out the benefits which pets bring cause nuisance to others living nearby and so it to their owners. It is difficult to lay down rules to cover is necessary to have some rules to ensure that every eventuality and it is advisable that some discretion neighbours are not adversely affected. This policy should be allowed to senior managers to relax (but not is intended to outline the conditions under which tighten) the policy. tenants may keep animals in accommodation managed by XX. It is not exhaustive and the housing manager may allow some relaxation of the policy in exceptional circumstances.
As stated above, XX encourages responsible pet Tenants need to be clear that the authority encourages ownership. However, ownership is a privilege, responsible ownership but will act if the tenant not a right, and tenants must comply with these transgresses for any reason. guidelines and ensure their animals’ welfare. Failure to do so will result in enforcement action by XX which might include eviction from the property.
As part of the tenancy agreement, tenants agree to Damage would include damage to fixtures and fittings make good any damage caused to the property by including irreversible leakage of odours, such as those their pets. Most damage caused by pets is due to lack made by male cats. of supervision or control of the pet and therefore tenants must act responsibly to prevent this.
The number and type of pets which may be kept A list of what may be kept can never be exhaustive but (visitors’ pets are not included) in XX housing are clear guidance is essential. It is also worth emphasising listed in Annex A. In exceptional circumstances again that the consequences of ignoring the rules are these guidelines may be changed by the housing potentially severe. Permanent identification allows the manager. Any tenant who exceeds the number authority to identify any animal breaking the rules so it of pets permitted by their tenancy agreement can take enforcement action against the keeper. may have enforcement action, including eviction, taken against them. All pets must be permanently identified by microchip or tattoo and the Pet Advisory Committee identification details must be registered with XX. To comply with current legislation dogs must also wear a collar and tag. Cats should be neutered.
Dogs listed in the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 and any What is often more helpful is a list of what may not be animal listed in the Schedule of the Dangerous Wild kept so that housing provider staff are not faced with Animals Act 1976 may not be kept. This is to protect dangerous animals when maintaining or monitoring the health and safety of any residents and employees property. of XX who may come into contact with them.
22 Draft pet policy Policy Comments
Tenants are responsible for the health and welfare All pet owners are required by law not to cause of their pets. Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006, unnecessary suffering to their pet (see page 14). More this is called a duty of care. This requires proper often than not, such suffering is caused by inadequate day-to-day management and care of the pet. If care rather than deliberate cruelty. Routine health care tenants have any questions about the care of their will go some way towards ensuring proper conditions pet they should contact their vet or one of the are provided (see pages 8-11). organisations listed at the back of this booklet. Routine healthcare must include regular control of parasites (fleas and worms), vaccinations and neutering where appropriate. When applying to keep a pet you must provide the name of your vet and evidence from them that your pet is regularly treated.
You must not breed any animal kept in XX Breeding increases the risk of exceeding the permitted property or offer any animal for sale from the numbers of animals. The sale of pets from XX property property under any circumstances. is likely to cause a nuisance to neighbours and may require a licence from the local authority.
The control of your pets and any pets visiting the Proper control of pets limits the potential for nuisance property are your responsibility. If cats are allowed to neighbours and the possibility of dogs fouling. free access outside then you must take steps to ensure that they do not cause a nuisance to your neighbours. Dogs must always be kept under control and on a lead when in public areas. They must never be allowed outside your property on their own – this includes communal balconies and stairwells. Dog faeces must always be removed immediately.
If you wish to construct outside accommodation, Residents who keep birds may wish to construct an other than a hutch and exercise pen for small aviary but such large constructions with some species in mammals, you must first seek written permission them can cause a lot of noise. from XX. An application for such permission must include plans of the proposed construction and detail the species to be kept. www.petadvisory.org.uk
No pet should be left in the property when the It is illegal to leave a pet alone for any length of time. tenant is away unless clear arrangements have been made to provide adequate care. In general this will require the pet to be boarded elsewhere but close supervision by a neighbour may be adequate for some animals.
23 Application to keep a pet in accommodation managed by XX
I herewith apply for permission for (tenant’s name)
to keep the pets detailed below at: (address of accommodation)
Tick boxes and complete details where appropriate. For pets kept in groups, such as tropical fish, insert the number of pets in the box.
Pet 1
Species: Dog Cat Small mammal Reptile Bird Fish
Name: Sex: Female Male Neutered
Breed: Age:
Colour: Approximate body weight: Kgs
Microchip number:
Pet 2
Species: Dog Cat Small mammal Reptile Bird Pet Advisory Committee
Name: Sex: Female Male Neutered
Breed: Age:
Colour: Approximate body weight: Kgs
Microchip number:
24 Pet 3
Species: Dog Cat Small mammal Reptile Bird
Name: Sex: Female Male Neutered
Breed: Age:
Colour: Approximate body weight: Kgs
Microchip number:
If necessary add further pets’ details on a separate sheet. I have read XX’s guidelines and my pets comply with them. I undertake to comply with all policies relating to pets and will ensure that all persons living with me and any visitors also do so. I understand that having a pet is a privilege and not a right and that if I infringe the rules it may affect my tenancy.
Signature: Date:
Relating your pet policy to the tenancy/lease agreement www.petadvisory.org.uk
To ensure that your tenant/resident is aware of their obligations you should attach the entire pet policy as an annex to the back of the tenancy/lease agreement. This will avoid any possible claims by a tenant/resident who was not aware of your policy. However, you should add wording in your tenancy agreement relating to the annex so that the tenant/resident is bound by all the clauses in the pet policy. This is very important as housing providers often do not provide their tenants with a full pet policy but, instead, just add a few clauses to their tenancy agreement. Suggested wording for your tenancy/lease agreement when attaching your pet policy as an annex could be:
“The tenant/lessee shall be bound by the obligations contained in the pet policy (attached) for the duration of the tenancy/lease from this date.”
25 Directory of useful contacts
Animal health, assistance and rehoming Cats Protection National Cat Centre Association of Dogs & Cats Homes Chelwood Gate Secretariat Haywards Heath c/o The National Animal Welfare Trust RH17 7BR Tylers Way Tel: 08702 708 649 Watford Fax: 08707 708 265 Herts Email: [email protected] WD25 8WT www.cats.org.uk Email: [email protected] www.adch.org.uk Dogs Trust 17 Wakley Street Battersea Dogs & Cats Home London 4 Battersea Park Road EC1V 7RQ Battersea Tel: 020 7837 0006 London Fax: 020 7833 2830 SW8 4AA Email: [email protected] Tel: 020 7622 3626 www.dogstrust.org.uk Fax: 020 7622 6451 Email: [email protected] Dogs Trust Ireland www.battersea.org.uk Ashbourne Rd Finglas Blue Cross Dublin 11 Shilton Road Tel: 1890 252 928 / 01 8791000 Burford Email: [email protected] Oxfordshire www.dogstrust.ie OX18 4PF National Animal Welfare Trust Tel: 01993 822651 Tyler’s Way Fax: 01993 823083 Watford-By-Pass Email: [email protected] Watford www.bluecross.org.uk Hertfordshire WD25 8WT British Small Animal Veterinary Association Woodrow House, 1 Telford Way Tel: 020 8950 0177 Waterwells Business Park Fax: 020 8420 4454 Quedgeley Email: [email protected] Gloucester www.nawt.org.uk GL2 2AB ISPCA Tel: 01452 726700 National Animal Centre Fax: 01452 726701 Derryglogher Lodge Email: [email protected] Keenagh County Longford Ireland Tel: 043 250 35 Fax: 043 250 24 Email:[email protected] www.ispca.ie Pet Advisory Committee
Pets As Therapy 3a Grange Farm Cottages Wycombe Road Saunderton Princes Risborough Bucks HP27 9NS Tel: 01844 345 445 Fax: 01845 550 236 Email:[email protected] www.petsastherapy.org
26 PDSA Behaviour problems Whitechapel Way Priorslee Battersea Dogs & Cats Home Behaviour Hotline Telford Tel: 0905 020 0222 Shropshire TF2 9PQ The Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors Tel: 01952 290999 PO Box 46 Fax: 01952 291035 Worcester Enquiries: 0800 917 2502 WR8 9YS Eligibility: 0800 731 2502 Tel: 01386 751151 www.pdsa.org.uk Fax: 01386 750743 Email: [email protected] RSPCA Wilberforceway www.apbc.org.uk Southwater Horsham UKRCB – UK Registry of Canine Behaviourists West Sussex North Lodge RH13 9RS North Street Tel: 0300 1234 555 Winkfield Fax: 0303 123 0284 Berkshire www.rspca.org.uk SL4 4SY Tel: 01344 883955 SCAS (Society for Companion Animal Studies) Email [email protected] The Blue Cross www.ukrcb.org Shilton Road Burford Association of Pet Dog Trainers Oxon PO Box 17 OX18 4PF Kempsford Tel: 01993 825597 GL7 4WZ Fax: 01993 825598 Tel: 01285 810811 www.scas.org.uk Email: [email protected] Scottish SPCA www.apdt.co.uk Kingseat Road Halbeath Dunfermline Pet bereavement KY11 8RY Pet Bereavement Support Services Tel: 03000 999 999 Fax: 0131 339 4777 The Blue Cross Email: [email protected] Tel: 0800 0966606 www.scottishspca.org Email: [email protected] www.bluecross.org.uk Wood Green Animal Shelters King’s Bush Farm London Road Subsidised veterinary treatment Godmanchester Cambridgeshire Check with animal welfare organisations to see if they PE29 2NH operate in your area and what, if any, eligibility criteria Tel: 0844 248 8181 they have. Fax: 01480 832815
Email: [email protected] www.petadvisory.org.uk www.woodgreen.org.uk USPCA 13 Cloghaven Road Bessbrook Co. Armagh Belfast BT35 9BH Tel: 028901 4242 Email: [email protected] www.uspca.co.uk
The Animal Warden Service within each local authority should also be able to provide assistance.
27 Lost dogs Fish
Contact the Animal Warden Service within your local OATA: Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association authority. (Environmental Health Services Department) www.ornamentalfish.org
Battersea Dogs & Cats Home Lost Dogs and Cats Line Rabbits Tel: 0901 477 8477 (Within the M25 area) Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund PO Box 603 Petsearch UK Horsham Tel: 01432 761 406 West Sussex Tel: 0870 0465249 PetLog at the Kennel Club www.rabbitwelfare.co.uk (National Microchip Pet Identification Scheme) Tel: 0870 606 6751 www.petlog.org.uk
Birds
National Council for Aviculture 4 Haven Crescent, Werrington, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire ST9 0EY Tel/Fax: 01782 305042 www.nca.uk.net
National Birds of Prey Centre Newent Gloucestershire GL18 1JJ Tel: 01531 820286 Email: [email protected] www.icbp.org
Equine
World Horse Welfare Anne Colvin House Ada Cole Avenue Snetterton Norfolk Reptiles and amphibians NR16 2LR Federation of British Herpetologists T: 01953 498682 Email: [email protected] F: 01953 498373 www.f-b-h.co.uk Email: [email protected] www.worldhorsewelfare.org Pet Advisory Committee Fostering services NEWC Office 10, Warwick Corner Cinnamon Trust 42 Warwick Road, Tel: 01736 757900 Kenilworth Email: [email protected] Warwickshire www.cinnamon.org.uk CV8 1HE Operates a network of dog walkers and foster carers Tel/Fax: 01926 866655 across the UK for the elderly and terminally ill. Email: [email protected] www.newc.co.uk Pet Fostering Service Scotland Tel: 0844 8119909 Blue Cross www.pfss.org.uk (see page 26 for contact details) Pet fostering service for people in need across Scotland.
28 Pet fostering services for families Environmental, housing and other useful fleeing domestic violence contacts
Dogs Trust Freedom Project Chartered Institute of Environmental Health Tel: 0800 298 9199 – Greater London & Hertfordshire Chadwick Court Tel: 0800 083 4322 – Yorkshire 15 Hatfields Email: [email protected] London, SE1 8DJ www.dogstrustfreedomproject.org.uk United Kingdom Telephone: 020 7928 6006 Paws for Kids Fax: 020 7827 5862 (Covers Cheshire, North East Midlands, Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside). In conjunction with Chartered Institute of Housing Pet Retreat RSPCA covers Cumbria, Lake District, Octavia House Derbyshire, Burnley, Higher Peak (Matlock, Glossop) Westwood Way and NW Lincolnshire. Coventry, CV4 8JP Tel: 01204 394842 Tel: 024 7685 1700 Email: [email protected] Fax: 024 7669 5110 www.pawsforkids.org.uk Email: [email protected] www.cih.org
PetRetreat RSPCA Community Hygiene Concern Covers Avon, Berkshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Devon, 22 Darin Court, Crownhill Durham, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Milton Keynes, MK8 0AD Isle of Wight, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Newcastle, Tel: 01908 561928 Norfolk, Northumberland, North East & West Midlands, Fax: 01908 261501 Middlesbrough, Rutland, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Email: [email protected] Somerset, South Lincolnshire, Staffordshire, Sunderland, www.chc.org Surrey, The North East, Warwickshire, Wales, West Midlands, Wiltshire and Worcestershire. ENCAMS T: 0300 1328278 / 07715 540182 Elizabeth House, The Pier Email: [email protected] Wigan, WN3 4EX www.rspca-petretreat.com Tel: 01942 824620 Fax: 01942 824778 The Raystede Centre for Animal Welfare www.encams.org Covers Kent, East & West Sussex Tel: 01825 880478 Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs Email: [email protected] Nobel House www.raystede.org 17 Smith Square London, SW1P 3JR Wood Green Liberty Project Tel: 08459 33 55 77 Covers Suffolk, Cambs, Beds, Warwickshire, Email: [email protected] Northamptonshire and Coventry. www.defra.gov.uk Tel: 01480 832 823 The Good Dog Campaign www.woodgreen.org.uk Freeby Lane, Waltham On The Wolds Melton Mowbray, LE14 4RS Tel: 01664 411111 Email: [email protected] www.gooddogcampaign.co.uk
The Pet Health Council 4th Floor, 6 Catherine Street
London, WC2B 5JJ www.petadvisory.org.uk Tel: 020 7379 6545 Fax: 020 7631 0602 Email: [email protected] www.pethealthcouncil.co.uk
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Belgravia House 62-64 Horseferry Rd London, SW1P 2AF Tel: 020 7222 2001 Fax: 020 7222 2004 www.rcvs.org.uk See website for ‘Find a Vet’ facility.
29 Mediation Hart, L.A. 1995 ‘The role of pets in enhancing human well-being: effect for older people’ in ‘The Waltham Advice Services Alliance book of human-animal interactions: benefits and 6th Floor responsibilities of pet ownership’ pp 71-86, ed Robinson, 63 St Mary Axe I, Oxford, Pergamon Press. London EC3A 8AA Hart, L.A. and Mader, B. 1986. The successful Tel: 020 7398 1470 introduction of pets into California public housing for Email:[email protected] the elderly. Californian Veterinarian, September/October www.advicenow.org.uk 1986:17-27.
Mediation UK Mader, D.R. 2002 Iguana Medicine in scientific 8 Green Lane Proceedings of the 45 Annual Congress of the British Belper Small Animal Veterinary Association, pp 205 – 210. Derbyshire McNicholas, J., Collis, G.M. and Morley, I.E. 1993. Pets DE56 1BY and people in residential care: towards a model of good Tel: 01773 822222 practice. Published by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. www.ukmediation.net Parsons D. 2004 ‘Perceptions held by pre-adolescents Mediation Northern Ireland of their relationships with their companion animals’ 83 University Street Unpublished MSc thesis, School of Psychology, University Belfast of Southampton. BT7 1HP Tel: 02890 438614 Roberts, C.A., Horn, S.A. & McBride, E.A. 2004 ’What Email: [email protected] factors affect the physical and psychological well-being www.mediationnorthernireland.org of community-dwelling older adults: pets, people or both? A questionnaire study using Regression Analyses’. 10th International Conference on Human-Animal Further reading Interactions, Glasgow.
Age Concern: Keeping pets in private retirement and sheltered housing – A Good Practice Guide, Pet Advisory Committee Age Concern AIMS, 2006. Can be downloaded from www.ageconcern.org.uk/aims_pets.asp Chairman Andrew Stunell MP Bryant, I. and McBride, E.A: Pets, Policies and Tenants: Report on PATHWAY housing provider ‘Pet Policy’ survey, Vice Presidents PATHWAY, 2004 (email [email protected]) Roger Gale MP Cinnamon Trust: Pet Friendly Care Homes – 2nd Edition, Tim Loughton MP www.cinnamon.org.uk Ian Cawsey MP Dr Nick Palmer MP RSPCA: Housing Pets and People: animal welfare guidance Caroline Lucas MEP and advice for housing providers, 2004 (available from www.rspca.org.uk) Members Blue Cross Dono, J.A, & Ormerod, E: Older People and Pets, British Small Animal Veterinary Association a comprehensive guide, SCAS, 2005 British Veterinary Association For further reading references on the benefits of pet Cats Protection ownership go to www.scas.org.uk Dogs Trust Federation of Companion Animal Societies Feline Advisory Bureau Pet Advisory Committee The Kennel Club References National Office of Animal Health Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association Anchor Housing Trust. 1998. Losing a friend to find a Pet Care Trust home: a survey of pets, animal sanctuaries and older people. Pet Food Manufacturers' Association Oxfordshire, UK: Anchor Housing Trust. Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund Chitty, J. 2005 pers comm. Lecturer on MSc Companion Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Behaviour Counselling, University of Southampton, Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals School of Psychology. Acknowledgement to Dr Anne McBride and Roger Friedman, E., Katcher, A.H., Lynch, J. and Thomas, S. 1980 Gale MP who, as part of the PATHWAY group, ‘Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after contributed to the first edition of this booklet. discharge from a coronary care unit’ Public Health Reports, We would also like to thank everyone else who 95 (4), 307-312. has been involved in producing this publication.
30 This publication has received endorsements from the following organisations:
“ The British Veterinary Association welcomes the publication of this excellent and indispensable resource for housing providers and local authorities and hopes it will be used widely to promote responsible pet ownership.” BVA 2010
“ The CIEH welcomes this informative document aimed at giving advice to social housing providers on pets and housing. The booklet is essential reading for anyone involved in housing policy or housing management.” CIEH 2010
“ The Chartered Institute of Housing welcomes this comprehensive guide to assist housing providers in developing positive guidelines on keeping pets in rented accommodation.“ CIH – Professional Practice 2010 www.petadvisory.org.uk
31 Guidelines on Pet Management for Housing Providers
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